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June 2015
A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute
Gas Hydrates
Taking the heat out of the burning-ice debate | Appendix A – PATENT ANALYSIS
Gas Hydrates 1
Compiled by the A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute
Acknowledgements
A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute wishes to acknowledge Ray Boswell, Technology Manager, Natural Gas Technologies, U.S. DoE / National Energy Technology Laboratory and Robert L. Kleinberg, Schlumberger Fellow, Schlumberger Doll Research for their detailed review of this FactBook. The Institute also wishes to thank the authors of this FactBook for their contribution: Benoit Decourt, Romain Debarre, and Sylvain Alias.
About the FactBook – Gas Hydrates
The role gas hydrates may play as an energy resource is a controversial, polarizing subject. Therefore, a fact-based report has been developed by the A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute, presenting: key concepts; the status of exploration and production technologies; the status of research, development and demonstration (R,D&D); and the environmental and safety challenges associated with the potential exploitation of this resource. This publication aims at providing stakeholders with a balanced, unbiased assessment of gas hydrates and the tools to understand them properly.
The Institute performed a literature review and engaged experts in the gas-hydrate field. The Institute also analyzed patents from 50 offices worldwide, using the Thomson Derwent World Patents Index (DWPI) database, and conducted a survey of gas-hydrate stakeholders to present the state of R,D&D and a faithful picture of current thinking among academics and industry players involved in the field. Outcomes of the DWPI analysis and the results from the survey are available in separate documents referred to as Appendix A and Appendix B.
About the A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute
The A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute is a nonprofit organization. It provides leading insights on global trends in energy transition, technologies, and strategic implications for private sector businesses and public sector institutions. The Institute is dedicated to combining objective technological insights with economical perspectives to define the consequences and opportunities for decision makers in a rapidly changing energy landscape. The independence of the Institute fosters unbiased primary insights and the ability to co-create new ideas with interested sponsors and relevant stakeholders.
Gas Hydrates
Gas Hydrates 2
Natural Gas Series
The FactBook – Gas Hydrates Appendix A – Patent Analysis
About the Patent Analysis
To support the Gas Hydrates FactBook, the A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analyzed patents from 50 offices worldwide based on the Thomson Derwent World Patents Index (DWPI) database. Key outcomes of the analysis were integrated into the FactBook, while this Appendix presents the analysis in full
This report aims to provide a deep understanding of the gas-hydrate research and development (R&D) landscape. It highlights gas-hydrate patent publishing trends over recent decades, and identifies: the technologies that have generated the most interest; the countries most active in patent publishing; and the main stakeholders
Gas Hydrates 3
Executive summary (1/2)
Patent analysis highlights a growing interest in gas hydrates as a resource and the increasing involvement of Chinese research institutions
General overview of the gas-hydrate patenting landscape:
■ The number of patents filed in relation to gas hydrates has been growing at an accelerating pace since 1990. As of December 31th 2013, there were 2,933 patents, thirteen times as many as in 1990. The patenting rate in 2013 was more than seven times higher than in 1990
■ So far, the majority of patents have been published in Japan. However, over the past decade, patent filings has grown rapidlyin China, now the most active country in terms of gas-hydrate patent filing. Patenting in the U.S. – the second-most-important country, after Japan, for cumulative numbers of patents filed – remained relatively stable
■ From a technology standpoint, most patents still relate to chemistry related to natural gas and flow insurance issues caused by the formation of gas hydrates. Nevertheless, patents related to drilling and fluid recovery experienced more robust and steady growth over the past decade, mirroring increasing interest in gas hydrates as a potential energy source
■ Most patents have, so far, been filed by corporate players: chemicals companies and oil and gas firms own the largest gas-hydrate patents portfolios. Japanese conglomerate Mitsui is the world’s leading individual publisher. However, the role of research organizations, including universities and laboratories, has grown over the past decade. Since 2010, new players have become the main drivers for gas-hydrate patenting – notably Chinese research institutions
Gas Hydrates 4
Executive summary (1/2)
Patent analysis highlights a growing interest in gas hydrates as a resource and the increasing involvement of Chinese research institutions
Upstream:
■ The number of patents filed in 2013 in relation to gas-hydrates exploration and production technologies was 22 times higher than in 1990 (1,011 patents on December 31st 2013). Upstream-related patenting increased faster than the average increase in gas-hydrate patenting, mirroring growing interest in gas hydrates as a potential energy source over the past decade. With the exception of 2012, more than 100 gas-hydrate upstream-technology patents have been filed every year since 2010, compared with 10-20 a year in the 1990s
■ Japan is not the leading country in exploration and production patents: with 86 patents to date in this category, Japan is ranked fifth, after China, the U.S., the former Soviet Union and Europe. In 2013, China became the global leader, with 293 patents, ahead of the U.S. (280 patents). Activity in Europe and the former Soviet Union, meanwhile, is in decline
■ Within exploration & production, gas-hydrate patents are mostly filed under three categories: (i) drilling and fluids recovery; and, to a lesser extent, (ii) the measurement of physical and chemical properties, and (iii) equipment or products used for drilling and treating boreholes and wells
■ Research organizations are more involved in upstream gas-hydrate patents than in gas-hydrate patents in other areas, and now account for more than 40% of all upstream patents filed. However, within the upstream segment, oil and gas service companies remain dominant. Two oil and gas service companies and Swiss chemicals company Clariant are the largest patent-holders for gas-hydrate exploration and production technologies
Gas Hydrates 5
Executive summary (2/2)
Patent analysis highlights a growing interest in gas hydrates as a resource and the increasing involvement of Chinese research institutions
Exploration:
■ The number of patents filed in relation to gas-hydrate testing and measurement was negligible until the 2000s. It started to increase in the mid-2000s and has grown strongly since 2010. The bulk of these patents focus on chemical and physical properties (217 as of the end of 2013). Only a few relate to the measurement of electric and magnetic variables (20 patents),and geophysics (53 patents)
■ The vast majority of gas-hydrate testing and measurement patents have been filed in China: 167 compared with 34 in the U.S. and 27 in Japan. However, organizations in the U.S. – in particular, U.S. oil and gas service companies – have the largest patents portfolio relating to geophysics
Production:
■ The number of patents related to gas-hydrate drilling and “obtaining fluids from wells” started to increase significantly in thelate 1990s and the patenting rate accelerated in the 2000s. As of December 31st 2013, there were 536 patents in the category, compared with 33 in 1990
■ Technologies aiming to obtain fluid from wells have generated the most patents (and accounted for 59% of all production patents at the end of 2013). Drilling and well equipment and maintenance technologies come next (with 33% at end-2013), followed by control, surveying and testing technologies (8%). It is interesting to note that in the “obtaining fluids from wells” category, most patents relate to the use of heat and steam (67% of patents at the end of 2013) and to the use of chemicals orbacteria (24%)
■ In terms of gas-hydrate production-related patents, the U.S. is leading the way, with 163 patents, ahead of China (114) and the former Soviet Union (107). The largest patent publishers are U.S. oil and gas services companies, and, to a lesser extent, Chinese research organizations and oil majors
Gas Hydrates 6
Executive summary (2/2)
Patent analysis highlights a growing interest in gas hydrates as a resource and the increasing involvement of Chinese research institutions
Industrial landscape:
■ Oil and gas service companies are the most important patent publishers.
■ Chemicals companies are also deeply involved. Clariant, for example, is the largest publisher of gas-hydrate related patents in the “drilling, well equipment and well maintenance” category, and is ahead of oil and gas service companies
■ Other large industrial players in the gas-hydrate patent field include: international oil companies such Chevron, ConocoPhillipsand Shell; national oil companies such as Petrochina and China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC); and various Japanese conglomerates
Gas Hydrates 7
Summary table
Main figures
1. CAGR for Compounded Averaged Growth Rate; 2. Main patent class for gas-hydrate exploration, hence used as a proxy; 3. Main patent class for gas-hydrate production, hence used as a proxy
General overview Upstream Geophysics2Drilling and obtaining
fluids from wells3
2,993 1,011 53 536
x7.5 x9.3 - x5.7
x13 x22 x13 x16
+12% +14% +13% +13%
China China United States China
Japan China United States United States
Research
organization
Research
organization Corporate Research organization
Corporate Corporate Corporate Corporate
Increase in patenting rate
compared with 1990
Aggregated number of
patents compared with 1990
CAGR1 since 1990
Priority patent-filing office
in 2013
Leading priority office
since 1960
Leading type of publisher
in 2013
Leading type of publisher
since 1960
Number of patents as of
December 31th 2013
Gas Hydrates 8
1. Methodology ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9
2. General overview ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14
2.1 Patenting trend ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15
2.2 Regional breakdown ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17
2.3 Technology breakdown ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 19
2.4 Publishers ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 21
3. Upstream …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26
3.1 Patenting trend …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 27
3.2 Regional breakdown …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29
3.3 Technology breakdown ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 32
3.4 Publishers ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 33
4. Exploration …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 36
4.1 Patenting trend ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 37
4.2 Measurements of chemical and physical properties ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 39
4.3 Measurements of electric and magnetic variables ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 42
4.4 Geophysics ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 43
5. Production ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 46
5.1 Patenting trend ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 47
5.2 Regional breakdown ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 49
5.3 Technology breakdown ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 51
5.4 Publishers ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 54
6. Industry landscape ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 56
7. Appendix & bibliography ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 62
Table of contents
Gas Hydrates 10
Patents were retrieved from the DWPI database, the world's most comprehensive database of enhanced patent documents
Methodology – Thomson DWPI
Derwent world patents index (DWPI) – screen shot from database
1. For more information on the DWPI, please visit http://thomsonreuters.com/derwent-world-patents-index/
Gas Hydrates 11
A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute based its analysis on priority year and priority country, including patents granted and patent applications
Methodology – Study methodology
Description of the key steps undertaken in patent analysis
1. These collections includes patents published by US, Canada, Europe, Australia, WIPO, China India, Japan Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Thai, Vietnam and other authorities, for more information, please visit: Thompson Innovation website; 2. A full list of IPC used is given in appendix.
• A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute assignee analysis was conducted based on DWPI patent assignee codeswithout distinguishing patents granted from those still in the approval phase.
• Patents were analyzed according to priority year, which is the first patent application date for a specific invention
• A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis was conducted using both the core Derwent Word Patents Index(DWPI) and DWPI’s Asian patent collection1
• Patents were selected if the patent title, abstract or claim contained the words "gas hydrate" or "methane hydrate"
• A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute retrieved and assessed families of patents filed between January 1st 1960and December 31st 2013, from International Patent Documentation (INPADOC). This enabled to regroup all thepatents directly or indirectly linked to a priority document and consequently to single count inventions
• Geographical patent analysis was conducted according to priority patent-filing region. The choice of filing region isinfluenced by the geographical origin of the patent filer and by the region in which a publisher intends to protect aninnovation (i.e. innovation hub and potential markets).
• International Patent Classification (IPC), a hierarchical system that classifies patents with language-independentsymbols, was used to determine the technology area of patents and has been used as a proxy for identifyingpatents associated with exploration and production2.
Assignee
analysis
Patenting
rate
Selected
offices
Search
terms
Patent
retrieval
Regional
analysis
Technology
analysis
Gas Hydrates 12
Patents have been grouped in accordance with the International Patent Classification (IPC)
Methodology – Study methodology
How were IPC Classes grouped for exploration & production?1
1. Details of IPC classes used in the analysis are available in appendix on slide 6 For more information, please visit the Word Intellectual Property Organization website; 2. No patents were retrieved under this IPC code
Exploration and production IPCs
G01N: Measurement of chemical or physical properties G01R: Measurement of electric or magnetic variablesG01V: Geophysics and gravitational measurements
G01V 1/00: Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detectingG01V 3/00: Electric or magnetic prospecting or detectingG01V 5/00: Prospecting or detection by the use of nuclear radiationG01V 7/00: Gravimetric prospecting or detection2
G01V 8/00: Prospecting or detection by optical meansG01V 9/00 to G01V 15/00: Other prospecting methods
E21B: Earth or rock drilling; Obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
E21B 1/00 to E21B 41/00: drilling, well equipment and maintenanceE21B 43/00: Obtaining fluids from wellsE21B 44//00: to E21B 49/00: Well control, surveying and testing
C09K008: Chemical compositions for drilling or treating boreholes or wells
Gas Hydrates 13
Patents have been grouped in accordance with the International Patent Classification (IPC)
Methodology – Study methodology
1. Some observers have also expressed concerns about the quality of patents currently being granted in China, specifically around the distinction between design and utility patents
• It should be noted that patents are commonly filed under several International Patent Classification (IPC) classes and inseveral priority countries. This can explain discrepancies between figures (e.g. while 208 patents were published for gashydrates in 2010, patents listed by country breakdown amount to 212 for the same year)
Discrepancies
between
numbers
• International Patent Classification (IPC), a hierarchical system that classifies patents with language-independent symbols, wasused to determine the technology area of patents. Due to the complexity of IPC categorization, technology breakdowns maynot be exhaustive. For instance, three IPCs (G01V, G01N, and G01R) were used as proxy for “exploration”. However, a fewexploration-related patents may have been filed under other IPCs
Technology
analysis
• Searches were performed in English. These capture the vast majority of commercially relevant patents and patent families(Thomson Derwent World Patents Index translates patents from all national offices). But there may be a time-lag for patentapplications still in the national phase
Language
• It can take up to 18 months for some patent offices to publish patent data. As a result, there is sometimes a significantdiscrepancy between the date an invention was made and the publication of its patent
Lag in patent
publications
• The rise in patent-filings in China can partly be attributed to the backlog of patentable innovations and products developed bothby Chinese companies and foreign firms waiting to enter the Chinese market. As the Chinese patent system strengthens andIP practices mature, companies’ willingness to use its national patent system should increase further1
Patents
issued in
China
• Only a limited amount of information is available electronically on patents issued in India. This may have resulted in anunderestimate of Indian innovation in some of the focus areas of this report
Patents
issued in
India
• Despite A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute’s efforts to harmonize assignee names, mergers & acquisition (M&A) activityis continually changing the energy and chemicals industries and this may slightly affect the analysis
M&A and
company
identity
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Gas Hydrates 15
Gas-hydrate Patenting rate
The gas-hydrate patenting rate has increased steeply since the 1990s
211
187
252
208
165
194
133
220
158
213
101
119126
7990
45453335
171824
3528
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
x7.5
20102005200019951990
General Overview – Patenting trend
# of patents published per year1
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Gas Hydrates 16
The number of gas-hydrate related patents rose 13-fold between 1990 and 2013
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
x13
20102005200019951990
General Overview – Patenting trend
Gas-hydrate Patenting level
Cumulated # of patents since 1960
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Gas Hydrates 17
Since the 2000s, China’s patent publication rate has been on the rise, while Japan’s has declined
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
130
8979
50484234
19951990
170
212
188
252
136
223215
104
123
17
35202429
211198
2000 2005 2010
160
Europe3Former Soviet Union2 Rest of the World4ChinaUnited States KoreaJapan
General Overview – Regional breakdown
1. Some discrepancies may exist between this slide and slide 13. For more information, please refer to slide 5; 2. Includes patents filed in the Russian Federation patent office, the Ukrainian patent office and the former Soviet Union office; 3. Includes patents filed in the European patent office and in specific national patent offices in European countries; 4. Includes patents filed in the patent Cooperation Treaty Office and other national offices not mentioned above.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
# of patents published per region per year1
Gas-hydrate patenting rate by region
Gas Hydrates 18
As of 2014, Japan remains the leading country for gas-hydrate patents filed, followed by China and the U.S.
139
162
275
334
526
730
825
Korea
Rest of the World3
United States
Europe1
Former Soviet Union2
China
Japan
General Overview – Regional breakdown
1. Includes patents filed in the European patent office and national patent offices in European countries; 2. Includes patents filed in the Russian Federation patent office, the Ukrainian patent office and the former Soviet Union office; 3. Includes patents filed in the patent Cooperation Treaty Office and other national offices not mentioned above.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Cumulated # of patents since 1960
Gas-hydrate patent Filings by region
Gas Hydrates 19
Drilling and obtaining fluids from wells is the only gas-hydrate related patent class that has grown continuously since the 1990s
0000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1990 2010200520001995
Chemistry for Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds3Chemistry related to natural gas1 Drilling and fluid recovery from wells2
+11%
CAGR
-20%
CAGR
-18%
CAGR
General Overview – Technology breakdown
1. C10L: Fuels not otherwise provided for, natural gas, synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclasses C10G or C10K, liquefied petroleum gas, use of additives to fuels or fires; 2. E21B: Earth or rock drilling, obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells; 3. C07C: Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds; CAGR for Compound Annual Average Growth Rate.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
# of patents published per IPC class per year
Patenting rate under the three main International Patent Classification (IPC) classes
Gas Hydrates 20
The bulk of gas-hydrate patents relates to chemical-based technologies
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
201020051990 1995 2000
Drilling and fluid recovery from wells3 Chemical or physical processes5
Chemistry related to natural gas2 Chemistry for Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds4 Materials for specific applications
(including treating wells or boreholes)6
+12%
+14%
+13%
+14%
+8%
2000-2013
CAGR7
General Overview – Technology breakdown
1. Patents filed under the top 5 International Patent Classification (IPC) Classes since 1960; 2. C10L: Fuels not otherwise provided for; natural gas; synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclasses C10G or C10K; liquefied petroleum gas; use of additives to fuels or fires; 3. E21B: Earth or rock drilling; Obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltablematerials or a slurry of minerals from wells; 4. C07C: Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds; 5. B01J: Chemical or physical processes, e.g. catalysis, colloid chemistry; 6. C09K: materials for applications not otherwise provided for, includes compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; 7. CAGR for compound annual average growth rate.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Cumulated # of patents since 1960
Gas-hydrate patents by technology category1
Gas Hydrates 21
Since the mid 2000s, there has been a significant increase in the number of patents filed by research organizations
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
20102005200019951960 199019851980197519701965
Corporate - consortiumResearch organization - consortium
Research organization(s) together with corporate player(s) Corporate - single companyResearch organization - single institution
General Overview – Publishers
1. CAGR for Compound Annual Average Growth Rate Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Cumulated # of patents since 1960
Gas-hydrate Patents filed by publisher type
2000-2013
CAGR1
+16%
+12%
+13%
+21%
+26%
Gas Hydrates 22
Since 1960, most gas-hydrate patents have been filed by industrial players
58
104
205
679
1,571
Research organization - single institution
Corporate - single company
Corporate - consortium
Research organization(s) together with corporate player(s)
Research organization - consortium
General Overview – Publishers
1. This breakdown accounts for 87% of gas-hydrate patents published since 1960. The remaining 13% were published by individuals or did not contain sufficient information to be included in this graph.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Cumulated # of patents since 1960
Gas-hydrate Patents filed by publisher type
Gas Hydrates 23
The three largest publishers of patents of gas-hydrate technologies since 1960 are Japanese companies
34
40
41
46
49
50
55
65
84
404
JAPAN NAT INST ADVANCED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
BAKER HUGHES4
UNIVERSITY OF CHINA PETROLEUM3
GUANGZHOU ENERGY INSTITUTE2
CLARIANT
SCHLUMBERGER1
MITSUBISHI
CHUGOKU ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY
ROYAL DUTCH SHELL
MITSUI ENGINEERING & SHIPBUILDING
29%
2,993
71%
General Overview – Publishers
1. Includes patents published by Schlumberger, PRAD Research and Development, and M-I Swaco; 2. Includes assignees referenced under “Guangzhou Energy Inst Conversion Chinese”, and “Guangzhou Energy Res Inst Chinese Acad of Sc”; 3. Includes assignees referenced under “Univ China Petroleum East China” and “Univ China Petroleum Beijing”; 4. Includes patents published by Baker Hughes, and BJ Services.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Share of patents owned by top 10 publishers and # of patents published since 1960
Top 10 gas-hydrate patent publishers
Gas Hydrates 24
New patent publishers, which began to emerge in force in 2005, have dominated gas-hydrate patenting since 2010
0
50
100
150
1
2000
73
55
2 1
146
38
4
128
18
7 6
1990 1995
27
38
79
2005
71
2010
8376
58
86
35
58
2
MITSUI ENGINEERING & SHIPBUILDING
BAKER HUGHES4
ROYAL DUTCH SHELL
MITSUBISHI
SCHLUMBERGER1
JAPAN NAT INST ADVANCED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
CHINA NATIONAL OFFSHORE OIL CORPORATION
CLARIANT
GUANGZHOU ENERGY INSTITUTE2
UNIVESITY OF CHINA PETROLEUM3
CHUGOKU ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY
HALLIBURTON
QINGDAO INSTITUTE OF MARINE GEOLOGY
KOREA INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
DALIAN UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY OF CHANGZHOU
PETROCHINA
To
p 1
0 p
ate
nt
ho
lde
rsT
op
7 p
ub
lis
he
rs5
sin
ce
20
10
General Overview – Publishers
1. Includes patents published by Schlumberger, PRAD Research and Development, and M-I Swaco; 2. Includes assignees referenced under “Guangzhou Energy Inst Conversion Chinese”, and “Guangzhou Energy Res Inst Chinese Acad of Sc”; 3. Includes assignees referenced under “Univ China Petroleum East China” and “Univ China Petroleum Beijing”; 4. Includes patents published by Baker Hughes, and BJ Services; 5. Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding and University of China Petroleum have been top 10 gas-hydrate patent publishers since 1960 and top 9 patent publishers since 2010.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
# of patents published per publisher per year
Top 10 gas-hydrate patent holders and top 7 publishers since 2010, publishing rate
Gas Hydrates 25
Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding was the main publisher of gas-hydrate related patents for ten consecutive years: 2002 to 2012
20001990 20051995 2010
MITSUBISHI
CLARIANT
SCHLUMBERGER1
CHUGOKU ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY
MITSUI ENGINEERING & SHIPBUILDING
UNIVERSITY OF CHINA PETROLEUM3
JAPAN NAT INST ADVANCED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ROYAL DUTCH SHELL
BAKER HUGHES4GUANGZHOU ENERGY INSTITUTE2
General Overview – Publishers
1. Includes patents published by Schlumberger, PRAD Research and Development, and M-I Swaco; 2. Includes assignees referenced under “Guangzhou Energy Inst Conversion Chinese”, and “Guangzhou Energy Res Inst Chinese Acad of Sc”; 3. Includes assignees referenced under “Univ China Petroleum East China” and “Univ China Petroleum Beijing”; 4. Includes patents published by Baker Hughes, and BJ Services.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Share of # of patents per publisher per year
Top 10 gas-hydrate patent holders, publishing rate
Gas Hydrates 27
The patenting rate for upstream gas-hydrate technologies has increased 9-fold since 1990
102
68
103103
6366
4946
5862
39
27
38
2026
22
131514
355
17
11
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
2000 2010200519951990
x9.3
Exploration & Production – Patenting trend
1. Patents associated with upstream technologies were selected according to their International Patent Classification (IPC) class. For more information, please refer to slide 10.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
# of patents published per year
Patenting rate for upstream gas-hydrate technologies1
Gas Hydrates 28
There were 22 times as many gas-hydrate patents related to upstream technologies in 2013 than in 1990
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
1,100
x22
20102005200019951990
Exploration & Production – Patenting trend
1. Patents associated with upstream technologies were selected according to their International Patent Classification (IPC) class. For more information, please refer to slide 10.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Cumulated # of patents since 1960
Patenting level for upstream gas-hydrate Technologies1
Gas Hydrates 29
Since 2000, exploration & production patent filings have risen in China but remained static in the U.S.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
1990 20101995 2000 2005
Korea Former Soviet Union3 Europe4 Rest of the World5ChinaUnited States Japan
Exploration & Production – Regional breakdown
1. Patents associated with upstream technologies were selected according to their International Patent Classification (IPC) class; 2. Some discrepancies may exist between this slide and the preceding one. For more information, please refer to slide 9; 3. Includes patents filed in the Russian Federation patent office, the Ukrainian patent office and the Former Soviet Union office; 4. Includes patents filed in the European patent office, and in specific national patent offices in European countries; 5. Includes patents filed in the patent Cooperation Treaty Office and other national offices not cited above.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
# of patents published per region per year2
Patenting rates for upstream gas-hydrate technologies by region1
Gas Hydrates 30
Since 1960, most patents relating to upstream gas-hydrate technologies have been filed in China, followed closely by the U.S.
24
53
86
125
175
280
291
United States
Japan
Former Soviet Union3
Rest of the World4
Korea
Europe2
China
Exploration & Production – Regional breakdown
1. Patents associated with upstream technologies were selected according to their International Patent Classification (IPC) class. For more information, please refer to slide 10;2. Includes patents filed in the European patent office, and in specific national patent offices in European countries; 3. Includes patents filed in the Russian Federation patent office, the
Ukrainian patent office and the Former Soviet Union office; 4. Includes patents filed in the patent Cooperation Treaty Office and other national offices not cited above.Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Cumulated # of patents since 1960
Patent filings for upstream gas-hydrate technologies by Region1
Gas Hydrates 31
In Japan and Korea, the majority of gas-hydrate-related patents are not focused on exploration and production technologies
40%
53%
52%
45%
10%
33%
17%
60%
47%
48%
55%
90%
67%
83%
United States
China
Korea
Japan
Former Soviet Union3
Rest of the World4
Europe2
Non E&PE&P
Exploration & Production – Regional breakdown
1. Patents associated with upstream technologies were selected according to their International Patent Classification (IPC) class. For more information, please refer to slide 10;2. Includes patents filed in the European patent office, and in specific national patent offices in European countries; 3. Includes patents filed in the Russian Federation patent office, the
Ukrainian patent office and the Former Soviet Union office; 4. Includes patents filed in the patent Cooperation Treaty Office and other national offices not cited above.Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Share of cumulated # of patents since 1960
Share of upstream gas-hydrate technologies by region1
Gas Hydrates 32
Among IPC classes for upstream technologies, a large share of patents have been published under the “drilling and obtaining fluids from wells” class
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
20102005200019951990
Drilling and obtaining fluids from wells2
Materials for specific applications (including treating boreholes or wells)3
Geophysics5
Investigation of electric or magnetic variables6
Investigation of chemical or physical properties4
Exploration & Production – Technology breakdown
1. Patents associated with upstream technologies were selected according to their International Patent Classification (IPC) class. For more information, please refer to slide 10; 2. E21B: Earth or rock drilling, obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells; 3. C09K008: Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells, compositions for treating boreholes or wells; 4. G01N: investigating or analyzing materials by determining their chemical or physical properties; 5. From G01V: Geophysics, gravitational measurements, detecting masses or objects, tags; 6. G01R: Measuring electric variables, measuring magnetic variables; 7. CAGR for Compound Annual Growth Rate.Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
+24%
+12%
+8%
+22%
+26%
2000-2013
CAGR7
Cumulated # of patents since 1960
Upstream gas-hydrate patents by technology category1
Gas Hydrates 33
2000-2013
CAGR2
+18%
+12%
+10%
+21%
+2%
The number of upstream gas-hydrate related patents filed by research organizations has risen rapidly since the late 2000s
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
20051995 201020001990
Research organization(s) together with corporate player(s) Corporate - single company
Research organization - consortium Corporate - consortium
Research organization - single institution
Exploration & Production – Publishers
1. Patents associated with upstream technologies were selected according to their International Patent Classification (IPC) class. For more information, please refer to slide 10; 2CAGR for Compound Annual Growth Rate.Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Cumulated # of patents since 1960
Upstream gas-hydrate Patents filed by publisher type1
Gas Hydrates 34
Oil and gas service companies are leading the way in upstream gas-hydrate-related patents
8
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
14
21
23
27
30
37
47
49
CHINA NATIONAL OFFSHORE OIL CORPORATION
HALLIBURTON
BAKER HUGHES3
SCHLUMBERGER2
CLARIANT
OFFSHORE HYDROCARBON MAPPING
MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES
STATOIL
BASF
AIR PROD&CHEM INC
MITSUI ENGINEERING & SHIPBUILDING
ISP INVESTMENTS INC
EXXON MOBIL5
CONOCOPHILLIPS4
CHEVRON
PETROCHINA
ROYAL DUTCH SHELL
BP
34%
1,011
66%
Exploration & Production – Publishers
1. Patents associated with upstream technologies were selected according to their International Patent Classification (IPC) class. For more information, please refer to slide 10;2. Includes patents published by Schlumberger, PRAD Research and Development, and M-I Swaco; 3. Includes patents published by Baker Hughes, and BJ Services; 4. Includes patents published by ConocoPhillips, Conoco, and Phillips Petroleum company; 5. Includes patents published by Exxon Mobil, Exxon, and Mobil.Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Cumulated # of patents since 1960 and breakdown by publisher
Main upstream gas-hydrate patents publishers1
Gas Hydrates 35
The number of patents filed by the top-18 patent publishers varies widely from year to year
0
10
20
30
40
25
28
12
4
20
2000
88
12
6
13
1995
8
19
16
33
2010
30
16
19
2323
2005
3323
1990
2
BASF
AIR PROD&CHEM INC
STATOIL
CHINA NATIONAL OFFSHORE OIL CORPORATION
BP
PETROCHINA
ROYAL DUTCH SHELL
CHEVRONHALLIBURTON
BAKER HUGHES3
SCHLUMBERGER2
CLARIANT
OFFSHORE HYDROCARBON MAPPING
MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES
EXXON MOBIL5
CONOCOPHILLIPS4
MITSUI ENG & SHIPBUILDING
ISP INVESTMENTS INC
Exploration & Production – Publishers
1. Patents associated with upstream technologies were selected according to their International Patent Classification (IPC) class. For more information, please refer to slide 10;2. Includes patents published by Schlumberger, PRAD Research and Development, and M-I Swaco; 3. Includes patents published by Baker Hughes, and BJ Services;4. Includes patents published by ConocoPhillips, Conoco, and Phillips Petroleum company; 5Includes patents published by Exxon Mobil, Exxon, and Mobil.Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
# of patents published per publisher per year
Top-18 Upstream gas-hydrate patenting companies, publishing rate
Gas Hydrates 37
Measurements of chemical and physical properties is the fastest-growing of the three main IPC subclasses for gas-hydrate exploration
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
2008 2010 2012200620042002200019981996199419921990
Geophysics3Measurement of electric or magnetic variables2Measurement of chemical or physical properties1
Exploration – Patenting trend
Patenting rate under the three main IPC subclasses for Gas-Hydrate exploration
# of patents published per IPC per year
1. G01N IPC subclass: covers investigating or analyzing materials by determining their chemical or physical properties; 2. G01R IPC subclass: covers measuring electric variables, measuring magnetic variables; 3. From G01V IPC subclass: covers geophysics, gravitational measurements, detecting masses or objects, tags. For more information on International Patent Classification (IPC), refer to slide 10.Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Gas Hydrates 38
Since 2007, an increasing number of patents for gas-hydrate exploration have been filed in China
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1990 20051995 2000 2010
Europe4KoreaJapan Former Soviet Union3ChinaUnited States Rest of the World5
Exploration – Patenting trend
Patenting rates for gas-hydrate-exploration patents by region1
# of patents published per region per year2
1. Exploration-related patents include the G01N, G01R and G01V International Patent Classification (IPC) classes. For more information, please refer to slide 9; 2. Data may differ from data in previous slides, as patents published in several countries are counted several times; 3. Includes patents filed in the Russian Federation patent office, the Ukrainian patent office and the former Soviet Union office; 4. Includes patents published in the European patent office, as well as patents published in specific national patent offices of European countries; 5. Includes patents published in the patent Cooperation Treaty Office and other national offices not cited above.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Gas Hydrates 39
The patent-filing rate for measurements of the chemical and physical properties of gas-hydrates has increased rapidly since the 2000s
44
18
3232
13
24
14
1
79
23
5
13
02
00000110
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2010
x44
20001995 20051990
Exploration – Measurements of chemical and physical properties
1. Patents associated with chemical and physical properties measurements were selected as those with International Patent Classification (IPC) G01N: Investigating or analyzing materials by determining their chemical or physical properties.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Patenting rate for measurement of chemical and physical properties of gas hydrates1
# of patents published per year
Gas Hydrates 40
Patenting level for gas-hydrate chemical and physical properties measurements1
The number of patents related to the measurement of the chemical and physical properties of gas hydrates has increased 17-fold since 2000
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
2005200019951990
x17
2010
Exploration – Measurements of chemical and physical properties
Cumulated # of patents since 1960
1. Patents associated with chemical and physical properties measurements were selected as those with International Patent Classification (IPC) G01N: Investigating or analyzing materials by determining their chemical or physical properties.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Gas Hydrates 41
Patenting-rate analysis does not indicate a preference for any particular technology for measuring the chemical and physical properties of gas hydrates
22%
13%
Total
22%
134
20%
12%
10%
Using chemical methods8
Using magnetic resonance measurements5 Using accoustic waves7Using volume or pressure measurements3
Using optical, microwave or radiation measurements4 Using Electro-chemical, or magnetic measurements6
CA2686567A1 - “Determination of pore water content in equilibrium with gas hydrate in dispersed medium including rock, involves drying dispersed medium specimen, measuring weight, processing at preset pressure condition, and measuring final weight”
FR2984504A1 - “Device i.e. crystallization cell, for measuring and detecting presence of gas hydrate in e.g. gas processing system, has adjustment unit for adjusting temperature of end of optical fiber by controlling Peltier effect element”
KR2012099956A - “Method for measuring phase-balance point of gas hydrate, involves putting piezoelectric crystal into pressurization chamber, and measuring conductivity of sensor and resonance of piezoelectric crystal”
CN101718730A - “Method for measuring resistivity of gas hydrate and hydrate-containing deposit in situ, involves measuring resistivity of hydrate or hydrate-containing deposit with resistivity formula”
CN103267802A - “Detection device for detecting fidelity of natural gas hydrate core rock, has sound wave transducer whose one end is arranged on measuring tube wall and other end is connected to spring to realize fastening/loosening of tube wall”
US20090114387A1 - “Chemical compound identifying method for producing heavy oil from steam assisted gravity drainage well, involves determining whether combined property of molecular model is improved relative to molecular model of starting compound”
Exploration – Measurements of chemical and physical properties
1. Patents associated with measurements of chemical and physical properties were selected as those with International Patent Classification (IPC) class G01N: Investigating or analyzing materials by determining their chemical or physical properties. 2Patent titles were improved by Thomson DWPI; 3IPC Subclass G01N 5/00, G01N 7/00, G01N 19/00; 4IPC Subclasses G01N 21/00, G01N 22/00, G01N 23/00; 5IPC Subclass G01N 25/00; 6IPC Subclass G01N 27/00; 7IPC Subclass G01N 29/00; 8IPC Subclasses G01N 30/00, G01N 31/00.Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Technology breakdown for Measurements of chemical and physical properties1
Share of cumulated # of patents since 19602
Gas Hydrates 42
Patent-filing rate for Gas hydrates’ electric and magnetic variables1
The number of patents focused on the measurement of electric and magnetic variables of gas hydrates remains very low
0
5
10
15
20
19951990
x20
2005 20102000
Exploration – Measurements of electric and magnetic variables
Cumulated # of patents since 1960
1. Patents associated with the measurement of electric and magnetic variables were selected as those with International Patent Classification (IPC) class G01R: Measuring electric variables, measuring magnetic variables.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Gas Hydrates 43
The number of patents filed in relation to geophysics has increased since the mid-2000s
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
2005
x13
20101990 20001995
Exploration – Geophysics
Patents filed in relation to geophysics of gas hydrates1
Cumulated # of patents since 1960
1. Patents associated with geophysics were selected from International Patent Classification (IPC) class G01V: Geophysics, gravitational measurements, detecting masses or objects, tags. For more information on International Patent Classification (IPC), refer to slide 10.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Gas Hydrates 44
Since 1960, most patents related to the geophysics of gas hydrates have been filled in the United States
1
2
6
7
8
8
21
Japan
Rest of the World4
Former Soviet Union2
Korea
China
Europe3
United States
Exploration – Geophysics
Patents filed in relation to geophysics of gas hydrates by region1
Cumulated # of patents since 1960
1. Patents associated with geophysics were selected from International Patent Classification (IPC) class G01V: Geophysics, gravitational measurements, detecting masses or objects, tags. For more information on International Patent Classification (IPC), refer to slide 10; 2. Includes patents filed in the Russian Federation patent office, the Ukrainian patent office and the Former Soviet Union office; 3. Includes patents filed in the European patent office, and in specific national patent offices in European countries; 4Includes patents filed in the patent Cooperation Treaty Office and other national offices not cited above.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Gas Hydrates 45
Patents filed in relation to geophysics of gas hydrates: technology breakdown1
Seismic and acoustic technologies are the main areas of focus within geophysics, according to patenting rates
Total
57
1
29
8
16
3
Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting4 Prospecting or detecting by optical means6
Prospecting or detecting by the use of nuclear radiation5 Other prospecting methods7Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting3
Exploration – Geophysics
Share of cumulated # of patent since 19602
1. Patents associated with geophysics were selected from International Patent Classification (IPC) class G01V: Geophysics, gravitational measurements, detecting masses or objects, tags; 2. Patent titles were improved by Thomson DWPI; 3. IPC Subclass G01V 1/00; 4. IPC Subclass G01V 3/00; 5. IPC Subclass G01V 5/00; 6. IPC Subclass G01V 8/00; 7. IPC
Subclasses G01V 9/00, G01V 11/00, G01V 15/00. For more information on International Patent Classification (IPC), refer to slide 10.Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
JP2003090884A - “Optical-fiber radiation monitor for diastrophism monitoring system, radiates calibration light to scintillator, to detect presence of radon based on excitation of light by scintillator”
GB2438430A - “Results analysis method for the controlled source electromagnetic surveying of e.g. oil reserves involves processing a survey data to model subterranean strata inside the region of interest accounting results in modeling outside the region”
CN101644781A - “Water saturated stratum's longitudinal and transverse waves impedance increment ratio utilizing method for identifying natural gas hydrate, involves containing hydrate in stratum when impedance increment ratio is more than threshold value”
US20040043501A1 - “Monitoring of downhole parameters and tools utilizing fiber optics the chemical parameters are measured in real time and on-line and then used to control the amount and timing of the injection of the chemicals”
CN101441274A - “Submarine seismograph for e.g. exploration of natural gas hydrate, has direct-current motor whose output shaft is connected with end of steel wire, where another end of wire is connected with inner wall of counter-balanced copper plate”
Gas Hydrates 47
Patenting rate for drilling and obtaining fluids from wells1
The patenting rate for gas-hydrate-related drilling and obtaining fluids has been increasing steadily since the 1990s
51
36
5150
3331
20
25
292828
1720
17
1311
998
012
14
9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
x5.7
2010200519951990 2000
Production – Patenting trend
# of patents published per year
1. Patents associated with drilling and obtaining fluids from wells were selected as those in International Patent Classification (IPC) class E21B: Earth or rock drilling, as well as obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Gas Hydrates 48
The number of gas-hydrate related patents for drilling and obtaining fluids from wells has increased 16-folds since 1990
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
1995 2000
x16
2005 20101990
Production – Patenting trend
Patenting level for drilling and obtaining fluids from wells1
Cumulated # of patents since 1960
1. Patents associated with drilling and obtaining fluids from wells were selected as those with International Patent Classification (IPC) class E21B: Earth or rock drilling, as well as obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Gas Hydrates 49
Since 2002, an increasing number of patents related to drilling and obtaining fluids from wells have been filed in China
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1995 2000 201020051990
Rest of the World5Former Soviet Union3 Europe4KoreaUnited States China Japan
Production – Regional breakdown
Patenting rates for drilling and obtaining fluids from wells by region1
# of patents filed per region per year2
1. Patents associated with drilling and obtaining fluids from wells were selected as those with International Patent Classification (IPC) class E21B: Earth or rock drilling, as well as obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells; 2. Some discrepancies may exist between this slide and slide 45. For more information, please refer to slide 9; 3. Includes patents filed in Russian Federation patent office, Ukrainian patent office and Former Soviet Union office; 4. Includes patents filed in European patent office, and in specific national patent offices in European countries; 5. Includes patents filed in the patent Cooperation Treaty Office and other national offices not cited.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Gas Hydrates 50
Patent filings for drilling and obtaining fluids from wells by region1
Since 1960, the majority of gas-hydrate related patents for drilling and obtaining fluids from wells have been filed in the United States
12
30
53
71
107
114
163
Rest of the World4
Europe3
Former Soviet Union2
Japan
China
United States
Korea
Production – Regional breakdown
Cumulated # of patents since 1960
1. Patents associated with drilling and obtaining fluids from wells were selected as those with International Patent Classification (IPC) class E21B: Earth or rock drilling, as well as obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells; 2. Includes patents filed in Russian Federation patent office, Ukrainian patent office and Former Soviet Union office; 3. Includes patents filed in European patent office, and in specific national patent offices in European countries; 4. Includes patents filed in the patent Cooperation Treaty Office and other national offices not cited.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Gas Hydrates 51
Patents filed in relation to drilling and obtaining fluid from wells by technology category1
Within production operations, obtaining fluid from wells has attracted increased attention
78
16
108
44
18
9
2221
16
7
10
6
12
7
4
001
5
2
45
26
43
37
2728
1615
2322
15
11
19
12
9
5445
012
12
867887
13
1
4
11011002
00000000
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
201220102006 20082004
15
20021998 200019961992 19941990
Drilling, well equipment and maintenance2 Control, surveying and testing3Obtaining fluid from well3
Production – Technology breakdown
1. Patents associated with drilling and obtaining fluids from wells were selected as those with International Patent Classification (IPC) class E21B: Earth or rock drilling, as well as obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells; 2. Drilling, well equipment and well maintenance: IPC Subclasses E21B0001 to E21B0041; 3. Obtaining fluid from wells: IPC Subclass E21B0043; 4. Control surveying and testing: IPC Subclasses E21B0044 to E21B0049.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
# of patents filed per year
Gas Hydrates 52
Most patents published for drilling and obtaining fluids from wells relate to natural-gas recovery
683
Total
8%
59%
33%
US20080135257A1 - “Hydrocarbon gases extracting process for use between sea floor and hydrate base line, involves raising overhead receiver to sea depth where pressure and temperature permit to dissociate accumulated hydrates into hydrocarbon gas”
US20040043501A1 - “Monitoring of downhole parameters and tools utilising fibre optics the chemical parameters are measured in real time and on-line and then used to control the amount and timing of the injection of the chemicals”
Control, surveying and testing5Drilling, well equipment and maintenance3 Obtaining fluids from well4
US20060124302A1 - “Well treatment composite for use in oilfield applications, e.g. treatment of subterranean formation or wellbore, comprises well treatment agent adsorbed onto water-insoluble adsorbent”
Production – Technology breakdown
Patents filed for drilling and obtaining fluids from wells by technology category1
Share of cumulated # of patents since 19602
1. Patents associated with drilling and obtaining fluids from wells were selected as those with International Patent Classification (IPC) class E21B: Earth or rock drilling, as well as obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells; 2. Patent titles were improved by Thomson DWPI; 3. Drilling, well equipment and well maintenance: IPC Subclasses E21B0001 to E21B0041; 4. Obtaining fluid from wells: IPC Subclass E21B0043; 5. Control, surveying and testing: IPC Subclasses E21B0044 to E21B0049.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Gas Hydrates 53
Technology breakdown for obtaining fluids from wells1
Among the IPC class “obtaining fluids from wells”, most patents relate to the use of chemicals and heat
Total
150
67%
24%
5%
CN102704902A - “Method for exploiting natural gas hydrate, involves selecting hydrate decomposition-promoting agent i.e. methanol, from group
consisting of salt water, where mass concentration of methanol is in specific range”
WO2007117167A1 - “Method of extracting hydrocarbon gases from hydrates in underground porous rocks, involves injecting hot water at
pulsatory high pressure from ground surface facility on porous rock formation”
CN103015959A - “Machine-thermal hydrate exploiting method, involves converting hydrate sediments to hydrate sediment particles, decomposing
mixture in decomposing chamber, and collecting gas generated from sediments in mining well”
Using heat, e.g. steam injection5Repressuring or vacuum method3 Displacing by water4 Use of chemicals or bacterial activity5
CN101818635A - “Natural gas hydrate extracting method, involves drilling extraction well on geologic body, sending liquid to water injection pipe
via high-pressure pump after liquid is heated again, and executing next extraction circulation”
EP1412615B1 - “Exploiting desired geo-productive resources from boreholes comprises placing compression plate within casing, applying
pressure in parts of flow-through chamber, and applying pressure in lower borehole chamber”
Production – Technology breakdown
1. Patents associated with obtaining fluids from wells were selected as those with International Patent Classification (IPC) class E21B 43: Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells; 2. Patent titles were improved by Thomson DWPI; 3. IPC Subclass E21B 43/18; 4. IPC Subclass E21B 43/20; 5. IPC Subclasses E21B 43/22 E21B 43/25 E21B 43/27; 6. IPC Subclasses E21B 43/24, E21B 43/24, E21B 43/247, E21B 43/243, E21B 43/28.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Share of cumulated # of patents since 19602
Gas Hydrates 54
Since 1960, corporate players have published 43% of gas-hydrate patents relating to technologies for drilling and obtaining fluids from wells
12
19
24
165
230
Research organization - consortium
Research organization(s) together with corporate player(s)
Corporate - consortium
Research organization - single institution
Corporate - single company
Production – Publishers
1. Patents associated with drilling and obtaining fluids from wells were selected as those with International Patent Classification (IPC) class E21B: Earth or rock drilling, as well as obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells; This breakdown accounts for 84% of gas-hydrate patents published since 1960. The remaining 16% were published by individuals or did not contain sufficient information to be included in this graph.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Patent filed for drilling and obtaining fluids from wells by Publisher type1
Cumulated # of patents since 1960
Gas Hydrates 55
Schlumberger, Halliburton and Clariant are the three main patent-publishing companies for gas-hydrate drilling and recovering technologies
6
8
8
9
9
11
13
15
18
19
24
STATOIL
BP
CONOCOPHILLIPS4
PETROCHINA
CHEVRON
CHINA NATIONAL OFFSHORE OIL CORPORATION
ROYAL DUTCH SHELL
BAKER HUGHES3
SCHLUMBERGER2
CLARIANT
HALLIBURTON
536
26%
74%
Production – Publishers
1. Patents associated with drilling and obtaining fluids from wells were selected as those with International Patent Classification (IPC) class E21B: Earth or rock drilling, as well as obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells; 2. Includes patents published by Schlumberger, PRAD Research and Development, and M-I Swaco;
3. Includes patents published by Baker Hughes, and BJ Services; 4. Includes patents published by ConocoPhillips, Conoco, and Phillips Petroleum company.Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Main companies in patent publication in drilling and obtaining fluids from wells1
Cumulated # of patents since 1960 and breakdown by company
Gas Hydrates 57
Most publishers of gas-hydrate patents specialize either in exploration or in production, but seldom both
Drilling and obtaining fluids from wells1
Cumulated # of patents since 1960Geophysics2
Cumulated # of patents since 1960
1. Patents associated with drilling and obtaining fluids from wells were selected as those with International Patent Classification (IPC) class E21B: Earth or rock drilling, as well as obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells; 2. Patents associated with geophysics were selected from IPC class G01V: Geophysics, gravitational measurements, detecting masses or objects, tags. For more information on International Patent Classification (IPC), refer to slide 10; 3. Includes patents published by Schlumberger, PRAD Research and Development, and M-I Swaco; 4. Includes patents published by Baker Hughes, and BJ Services; 5. Includes patents published by ConocoPhillips, Conoco, andPhillips Petroleum company.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
68
89
9
1113
15
18
19
24
ROCK SOLID IMAGES
CHEVRON
HALLIBURTONBAKER HUGHES4
MITSUI ENG & SHIPBUILDING
OFFSHORE HYDROCARBON MAPPING
HITACHI
CLARIANT
STATOIL
CHINA NATIONAL OFFSHORE OIL CORPORATION
ROYAL DUTCH SHELL
PETROCHINA
CONOCOPHILLIPS5
BP
SCHLUMBERGER3
FUGRO
1
1
22
23
58
11
Industry landscape
Gas Hydrates 58
Schlumberger, Offshore Hydrocarbon Mapping and Rock Solid Image have strong portfolios of patents relating to geophysics technologies
1
1
2
3
4BAKER HUGHES4
MITSUI ENG & SHIPBUILDING
MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES
CONOCOPHILLIPS5
FUGRO
2HALLIBURTON
3HITACHI
OFFSHORE HYDROCARBON MAPPING 11
8
11
ROCK SOLID IMAGES
SCHLUMBERGER3
Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting6 Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting7 Other8
Gas-Hydrate patents for geophysics by company and technology1
Cumulated # of patents since 1960
1. Patents associated with geophysics were selected from International Patent Classification (IPC) class G01V: Geophysics, gravitational measurements, detecting masses or objects, tags;2. Some discrepancies may exist between this slide and slides 41 and 55. For more information, please refer to slide 10; 3. Includes patents published by Schlumberger, PRAD Research and
Development, and M-I Swaco; 4. Includes patents published by Baker Hughes, and BJ Services; 5. Includes patents published by ConocoPhillips, Conoco, and Phillips Petroleum company; 6. IPC Subclass G01V1; 7. IPC Subclass G01V3; 8. IPC Subclasses G01V5 to G01V15.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Industry landscape
Gas Hydrates 59
Clariant is the main publisher for patents related to gas-hydrate drilling, well equipment and well maintenance, followed by Halliburton
Industry landscape
Leading publishers of patents for gas-hydrate drilling, well equipment and well maintenance1
Cumulated # of patents since 1960
1. E21B1 to E21B7 International Patent Classification (IPC) subclasses: Methods or apparatus for drilling, E21B10 to E21B12 IPC subclasses: drilling tools, E21B15 to E21B41 IPC subclasses: Other equipment or details for drilling, well equipment or well maintenance; 2. Includes patents published by Baker Hughes, and BJ Services; 3. Includes patents published by Schlumberger, PRAD Research and Development, and M-I Swaco;
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
3
4
4
8
8
9
10
15
26
STATOIL
BP
ROYAL DUTCH SHELL
BAKER HUGHES2
BASF
CLARIANT
HALLIBURTON
CHEVRON
SCHLUMBERGER3
Gas Hydrates 60
Oilfield services companies are the largest publishers of patents relating to technologies designed to obtain fluid from wells containing hydrates
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
5
5
7
8
9
9
11
11
13
16
CLARIANT
SCHLUMBERGER2
TOTAL
MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES
SHIMIZU CORPORATION
TAISEI CORPORATION
WORLD ENERGY SYSTEMS
BAKER HUGHES3
HALLIBURTON
PETROCHINA
CHEVRON
CHINA NATIONAL OFFSHORE OIL CORPORATION
CONOCOPHILLIPS4
ROYAL DUTCH SHELL
ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY
KAJIMA CORPORATION
BP
EXXON MOBIL3
STATOIL
Industry landscape
1. Patents associated with obtaining fluids from wells were selected as those with International Patent Classification (IPC) class E21B 43: Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells; 2. Includes patents published by Schlumberger, PRAD Research and Development, and M-I Swaco; 3Includes patents published by Baker Hughes, and BJ Services; 4Includes patents published by ConocoPhillips, Conoco, and Phillips Petroleum company.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Companies with more than two gas-hydrate patents for obtaining fluid from wells1
Cumulated # of patents since 1960
Gas Hydrates 61
Schlumberger and Shell are the main publishers of patents relating to wellbore surveying
Industry landscape
1. Patents associated with wellbore surveying were selected as those with International Patent Classification (IPC) class E21B47: Survey of boreholes or wells; 2. Includes patents published by Schlumberger, PRAD Research and Development, and M-I Swaco; 3. Includes patents published by Baker Hughes, and BJ Services; 4Includes patents published by ConocoPhillips, Conoco, and Phillips Petroleum company.
Source: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute analysis, based on Thomson DWPI (accessed October 2014)
Selected Companies with wellbore surveying gas-hydrate patents1
Cumulated # of patents since 1960
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
5
CHEVRON
PETROCHINA
HALLIBURTON
ROYAL DUTCH SHELL
CONOCOPHILLIPS4
BAKER HUGHES3
AMERICAN AUGERS
SCHLUMBERGER2
Gas Hydrates 63
International patent classification (IPC) classes used and definitions
B01J: Chemical or physical processes, e.g. catalysis, colloid chemistry; their relevant apparatus.
C07C: Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds.
C09K: Materials for applications not otherwise provided for; applications of materials not otherwise provided for.
C09K008: Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells.
C10L: Fuels not otherwise provided for; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclasses C10G or C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas; Use of additives to fuels or fires; Fire-lighters.
E21B: Earth or rock drilling; Obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells.
E21B 1/00 to E21B 12/00: Percussion drilling; Rotary drilling; Drives for drilling, used in the borehole; Drives for drilling with combined rotary andpercussive action; Special methods or apparatus for drilling.
E21B 15/00 to E21B 41/00: Drill bits; Other drilling tools; Accessories for drilling tools.
E21B 43/00: Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells.
E21B 44//00: Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions.
E21B 45/00 to E21B 49/00: Measuring the drilling time or rate of penetration; Survey of boreholes or wells; Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells.
G01N: Investigating or analyzing materials by determining their chemical or physical properties.
G01R: Measuring electric variables; Measuring magnetic variables.
G01V: Geophysics; gravitational measurements; Detecting masses or objects; Tags.
G01V 1/00: Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting.
G01V 3/00: Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination or deviation.
G01V 5/00: Prospecting or detecting by the use of nuclear radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity.
G01V 7/00: Measuring gravitational fields or waves; Gravimetric prospecting or detecting. - No patents were retrieved under this IPC code
G01V 8/00: Prospecting or detecting by optical means.
G01 9/00 to G01 15/00: Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V 1/00-G01V 8/00; Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V 1/00-G01V 9/00; Manufacturing, calibrating, cleaning, or repairing instruments or devices covered by groups G01V 1/00-G01V 11/00; Tags attached to, or associated with, an object, in order to enable detection of the object.
For more information, please visit the World Intellectual Property Organization Website.
Appendix
Gas Hydrates 64
Acronyms
Acad: Academy
CNOOC: China National Offshore Oil Corporation
CSEM: Controlled source electromagnetic methods
DWPI: Derwent World Patents Index
E&P: Exploration & production
EPO: European Patent Office
FSU: Former Soviet Union
GH: Gas Hydrate
Inst: Institution
INPADOC: International Patent Documentation
IODP: Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
IP: Intellectual property
IPC: International patent classification
JAMSTEC: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
NOAA: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
ROV: Remotely operated vehicle
Sc: Science
A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute: A.T. Kearney Energy Transition Institute
Univ: University
US: United States of America
USGS: U.S. Geological Survey
WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization
Appendix
Gas Hydrates 65
Picture credits
Slide 9: Ocean Floor Geophysics performing a CSEM gas-hydrate survey in Japan in 2014, using the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Vulcan system from the deck of Fukada Shin Nichi Maru vessel, courtesy of Ocean Floor Geophysics
Slide 14: Close-up of methane hydrates, at a depth of 1,055 meters, near bubble plumes detected in previous sonar data. Observed in the U.S. North Atlantic Margin by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) during the Okeanos Explorer Program, courtesy of NOAA
Slide 26: Aerial photo of the temporary ice pad built in Alaska (U.S) for the ConocoPhillips Ignik Sikumiproduction test using CO2-CH4 exchange methodology and in the background the permanent operating gravel pads within the Prudhoe Bay Unit, courtesy of ConocoPhillips
Slide 36: View of the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) Deep Discoverer investigating Block Canyon in the U.S. North Atlantic Margin during Okeanos Explorer Program, courtesy of NOAA
Slide 46: View of Gas-hydrate stratigraphic test well, Mount Elbert, North Slope of Alaska for Ignik Sikumiproduction test, courtesy of the Mount Elbert gas hydrate stratigraphic test well project
Slide 56: Japanese deep-sea scientific drilling vessel Chikyu, built for the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, used during Nankai Trough production test in 2014 and operated by Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), courtesy of JOGMEC
Slide 62: View of a test-well for collecting gas hydrates in Mallik, in the Mackenzie Delta-Beaufort Sea in Northern Canada, courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
Appendix
Gas Hydrates 66
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