4.2 The Greeks City States

Big Idea: Differences between Athenian and Spartan values led to different governments.

Take out a piece of paper for 3.2 notes.

Polis: The Center of Greek LifeCity state or polis-city with own economy and government-controlled surrounding countryside.Became the central focus of Greek life.

Organization of City StatesBuilt around a hill-at top of hill was a fortified

area called “Acropolis”.

Below was an Agora, an open area below that served as a public meeting place and market.

Athens Greece PolisAthens Greece Polis

Polis Community

People in a polis shared a common identity and common goals. Consists of citizens………

With political rights (adult males), With no political rights (women and children), not citizens (laborers, slaves, resident aliens).

New military system developed. Based on Hoplites, who were heavily armed foot soldiers. Fought in a Phalanx.

Greek Expansion- Greek ColoniesColonies along Mediterranean-also Black Sea like

Byzantium (By-zan-tium) later called Constantinople and now Istanbul.

Greeks spread their culture and political ideas. Led to increased trade and industry. Created a new group of wealthy individuals.

Tyranny in the city statesa. New group of rich men fostered the rise of tyrants.

Were rulers who seized power by force from the aristocrats. Gained and kept power by using hired soldiers.

b. Try to help poor and launched public work projects. c. Led to end of rule by aristocrats and in some led to the development of democracy. (Government by the people

or rule by many)d. Some kept oligarchy (ruled by the few).

Two rival city states Sparta Athens

Conquered lands, captured people known as Helots.

Create a military state. Lives were rigidly organized and tightly controlled. Men in military most of life.

Women lived at home so had a greater freedom.

Government was an oligarchy-2 Kings, led the army; Ephors (5men)elected every year and control education. Isolated city state, war was ideal.

King ruled early 7th centuryoligarchy-controlled by

aristocrats.Had economic problems so

turn to Solon- reform minded aristocrat who cancelled debts.

Followed by Peisistratus who helped poor-gave land.

Cleisthenes creates Council of 500 to handle laws and foreign affairs. Laid foundation for democracy.

4-2 ReviewHeavily armed foot soldiersHoplitesA Spartan warrior was told to return from war…Carrying his shield or being carried on it.The word Spartan has come to meanHighly self-disciplinedFortified area on a hilltopAcropolisElected members of Sparta’s oligarchyEphorsAristocrats in Athens did all of the following EXCEPT?Reject Solon.The reforms of Cleisthenes?Laid the foundations of democracy.

4-2 ReviewGreek tyrants wereRulers who seized power by forceCity, town, or village and surroundingsPolis