Take Home Test Presentation

8/3/2019 Take Home Test Presentation

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TAKE HOME TESTPRESENTATION

ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONPRESENTOR

AHMAD AHAD ASRI

MOHAMMAD RIZAL YAACOB NOI

NUR SYAKIRAH SHAMSULZAMAN

NURUL AMANINA OTHMAN

NUR ADIBAH AHMAD

SHAHIRAH ALIZAMAN


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What is meant by environmental

degradation?What measures should be adopted

both national and international

levels to protects the environment?

QUESTION


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Introduction

What is environmental degradation?

the deterioration of the environment

through depletion of resources such as air,

water and soil which is the destruction of

ecosystems and the extinction of wildlife

any change or disturbance to the

environment perceived to be deleterious or

undesirable


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When the

environment become

less valuable ordamaged

Environmental

degradation isoccured


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Examples of environmental

degradation

the loss of rain forests

air pollution and smog

ozone depletion

the destruction of the marineenvironment.


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Causes


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Habitat fragmentation

The development breaks up solid stretches ofland

Eg: roads development which may cut

through forestThe large patches of habitat no longer exist

It will be difficult for the wildlife to get the

resources they need to survive


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Water and air pollution

Common cause

Pollution introduces contaminants into the

environment that can maim or even kill plant

and animal species

Air pollution is the accumulation ofhazardous substances into the atmosphere that

danger human life and other living matter

The main contributors of

water pollutionare factories,refineries,waste treatment

facillities,mining and household chemicals


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Acid rains

occurs when sulfur dioxide from coal plant

emissions combines with moisture present in

the air

A chemical reaction creates this acid

precipitation

Acid rain can acidify and pollute lakes and

streams

it can acidify the water or soil to a point

where no life can be sustained


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Urban development

As the populations increased, so did the

need for land for homes and farms

Wetlands were drained

Prairies were plowed overToday, less that 50% of the nations

wetlands still exist

Only 5% of the native prairie remains


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IMPACT


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Global warming

the result of ozone depletionwhich is responsible for perhaps

300,000 additional cases of skincancer a year and 1.7 million

cases of cataracts and may lead

to increase in the risk of climaticnatural disasters


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Loss of biodiversity

the extinction of plant and animalsspecies

The extinction of plant and animal

species will heavily affect theecosystem

It will reduce ecosystem

adaptability and lead to the loss ofgenetic resources


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gives hazardous waste production

A hazardous waste is a waste that

poses substantial or potential threats

to public health or the environment

The health risks from hazardous wastesare typically more localized, but often

acute

Wastes affect productivity causingpollution of groundwater resources.


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Others impact

Poverty

Losing earth beauty

Soil degradation

Deforestation

Atmospheric changes

Loss of natural resources

Ozone depletion

Water and air pollution


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Measures that should be

adopted to protect theenvironment


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Environmental protection

a practice of protecting the

environment, on individual,

organizational or governmental level,for the benefit of the natural

environment and (or) humans

governments began placing restraintson activities that caused

environmental degradation


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National levels

Since the 1960s activism by the environmental

movement has created awareness of the variousenvironmental issues

Academic institutions now offer courses suchas environmental studies, environmentalmanagement and environmental engineering thatstudy the history and methods of environmentalprotection

Campaign to tell the society on the condition of worldnowaday : EARTH HOURS, SAVE OUR PLANET, GOGREEN, RECYCLE


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Media work together with

government to promotes awareness

among society

Advertisement about recycle

Documentary about earth, pollution

Development and Environment in

Third Msia PlanCelebrating Earth Day

Through legislation


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legislation

Environmental Quality Act

Malaysia Environmental

Policies

Environmental Quality Control


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International levels

International environmental protectionorganizations

through the United Nations special

programme- UN introduced Agenda 21(environmental

convention)

the agenda consist of Mountain agenda,National Mountain Action Programme andGlobal Mountain Charter in draft


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Do with regional countries

-neighbour countries

identifying the world land resources that hasgoing through Environmental Degradation

-dry land

-hilly and mountainous

Increase awareness of the environment and itsconservation

Tackling poverty problem in developing

countries such as the new strategies arerequired that integrate poverty alleviation andenvironmental necessary


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United Nations Environment

Programme

sponsored the development of solar loanprograms, with attractive return rates, to bufferthe initial deployment costs and entice consumersto consider and purchase solar PV systems

The most famous example is the solar loanprogram sponsored by UNEP helping 100,000people finance solar power systems in India

Success in India's solar program has led to similar

projects in other parts of developing world likeTunisia, Morocco, Indonesia and Mexico


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UNEP sponsors the Marshlands project inMiddle East that helps to protect the largest

marshland in Middle East In 2001, UNEP alerted the international

community to the destruction of theMarshlands when it released satellite images

showing that 90 percent of the Marshlandshad already been lost

The UNEP "support for EnvironmentalManagement of the Iraqi Marshland"commenced in August 2004, in order tomanage the Marshland area in anenvironmentally sound manner.


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UNEP works in an inclusive

fashion that brings on board

different societal cohorts in

order to get the full participation

of global communities

UNEP has a vibrant programme

for young people known asTunza


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Kyoto Protocol the Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United

Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The major feature ofthe Kyoto Protocol is that it sets binding targets for 37 industrializedcountries and the European community for reducing greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions .These amount to an average of five per cent against1990 levels over the five-year period 2008-2012.

The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is thatwhile the Convention encouragedindustrialised countries to stabilize GHGemissions, the Protocol commits them to do so.

Recognizing that developed countries are principally responsible for thecurrent high levels of GHG emissions in the atmosphere as a result ofmore than 150 years of industrial activity, the Protocol places a heavierburden on developed nations under the principle of common butdifferentiated responsibilities.

The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997and entered into force on 16 February 2005. The detailed rules for theimplementation of the Protocol were adopted at COP 7 in Marrakesh in2001, and are called the Marrakesh Accords.


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adaptation adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change is vital in order to reduce the impacts of

climate change that are happening now and increase resilience to future impacts. TheUNFCCC webpages on adaptation highlight the range of issues that are being addressed by

Parties under the various Convention bodies, including:

The Cancun Adaptation Framework, which resulted from negotiations on enhanced action on

adaptation as part of the Bali Action Plan under the Ad-hoc Working Group on Long-Term

Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-LCA)

Nairobi work programme on impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate

change, development and transfer of technologies, research and systematic

observation under the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA)

Issues related to implementing, including national adaptation programmes of action

(NAPAs), and supporting adaptation through finance, technology andcapacity-building under

the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI)

Successful adaptation not only depends on governments but also on the active and

sustained engagement of stakeholders (Nairobi work programme), including national,

regional, multilateral and international organizations, the public and private sectors (private

sector initiative), civil society and other relevant stakeholders.
http://unfccc.int/adaptation/cancun_adaptation_framework/items/5852.phphttp://unfccc.int/meetings/ad_hoc_working_groups/lca/items/4381.phphttp://unfccc.int/adaptation/nairobi_work_programme/items/3633.phphttp://unfccc.int/cooperation_and_support/technology/items/1126.phphttp://unfccc.int/methods_and_science/research_and_systematic_observation/items/3461.phphttp://unfccc.int/methods_and_science/research_and_systematic_observation/items/3462.phphttp://unfccc.int/methods_and_science/research_and_systematic_observation/items/3462.phphttp://unfccc.int/essential_background/convention/convention_bodies/items/2629.phphttp://unfccc.int/adaptation/implementing_adaptation/items/2535.phphttp://unfccc.int/cooperation_support/least_developed_countries_portal/items/4751.phphttp://unfccc.int/cooperation_and_support/financial_mechanism/items/2807.phphttp://unfccc.int/cooperation_and_support/technology/items/1126.phphttp://unfccc.int/cooperation_and_support/capacity_building/items/1033.phphttp://unfccc.int/essential_background/convention/convention_bodies/items/2629.phphttp://unfccc.int/adaptation/nairobi_work_programme/items/3633.phphttp://unfccc.int/cooperation_and_support/cooperation_with_international_organizations/items/2533.phphttp://unfccc.int/adaptation/nairobi_work_programme/knowledge_resources_and_publications/items/4623.phphttp://unfccc.int/adaptation/nairobi_work_programme/knowledge_resources_and_publications/items/4623.phphttp://unfccc.int/adaptation/nairobi_work_programme/knowledge_resources_and_publications/items/4623.phphttp://unfccc.int/adaptation/nairobi_work_programme/knowledge_resources_and_publications/items/4623.phphttp://unfccc.int/cooperation_and_support/cooperation_with_international_organizations/items/2533.phphttp://unfccc.int/adaptation/nairobi_work_programme/items/3633.phphttp://unfccc.int/essential_background/convention/convention_bodies/items/2629.phphttp://unfccc.int/cooperation_and_support/capacity_building/items/1033.phphttp://unfccc.int/cooperation_and_support/capacity_building/items/1033.phphttp://unfccc.int/cooperation_and_support/capacity_building/items/1033.phphttp://unfccc.int/cooperation_and_support/technology/items/1126.phphttp://unfccc.int/cooperation_and_support/financial_mechanism/items/2807.phphttp://unfccc.int/cooperation_support/least_developed_countries_portal/items/4751.phphttp://unfccc.int/adaptation/implementing_adaptation/items/2535.phphttp://unfccc.int/essential_background/convention/convention_bodies/items/2629.phphttp://unfccc.int/methods_and_science/research_and_systematic_observation/items/3462.phphttp://unfccc.int/methods_and_science/research_and_systematic_observation/items/3462.phphttp://unfccc.int/methods_and_science/research_and_systematic_observation/items/3461.phphttp://unfccc.int/cooperation_and_support/technology/items/1126.phphttp://unfccc.int/adaptation/nairobi_work_programme/items/3633.phphttp://unfccc.int/meetings/ad_hoc_working_groups/lca/items/4381.phphttp://unfccc.int/meetings/ad_hoc_working_groups/lca/items/4381.phphttp://unfccc.int/meetings/ad_hoc_working_groups/lca/items/4381.phphttp://unfccc.int/adaptation/cancun_adaptation_framework/items/5852.php


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Others international method to protects the

environment

Montreal Protocol

-An international treaty designed to protect

the ozone layer by phasing out the

production of a number of substancesbelieve to be responsible for ozone

depletion

-191 nations have become party to this treaty Earth Hours


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Conclusion

Environmental degradation brings many

negative effect to the earth that we are

living in right now. Thus, we need to

plays our own roles in order to save our

planets. Therefore, all parties must

involved in restrain the environmentaldegradation from being worsen.

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