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TACTICS The methods of directing and employing, people, equipment, and extinguishing agents on the fireground to most efficiently protect life and property.
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TACTICS & STRATEGY II
Fire Fire SuppressionSuppression
TACTICS
• The methods of directing and employing, people, equipment, and extinguishing agents on the fireground to most efficiently
protect life and property.
STRATEGY
•The overall plan.
Tactics & Strategy
What we do and how we do it.
Size-Up
• Size - Up ConsiderationsSize - Up Considerations
NAME SOME
Size Ups
• Who does size-up?– First arriving company officer– Later arriving Chiefs– Incident Commander– Every FF on the scene
• constantly re-evaluate
Priorities
• Rescue• Exposures• Confinement• Extinguishment• Overhaul• Salvage
Ventilation
Coordinated Fire AttackCoordinated Fire Attack
Ventilation• #1 Priority• Reduces heat and smoke build-up• Confines the fire Line in place
– Reduce flashover potential• East access for rescue & extinguishment
– Buy time for victims• Vent & Enter Concept
Rescue
• Primary Search– Initial – Quick– Check most obvious places for survivors
• Hallways• Bedrooms• Living areas
Rescues
• Secondary Search– Later– More thorough
• Multiple Victims– largest endangered group has priority
• screamers• on balconies
•jumpers
•hangers
Tactical Modes
• Offensive– Fast, aggressive– Vent & Enter– Interior Attack– Lines keep advancing– Primarily handlines
• blitz with a master stream
– Straight streams NOT
Fire Attack
• Attacking from the unburned to burned.–Dwellings–garages
Tactical Priorities
• Marginal modes of operation– offensive/defensive
• interior attack• will go to defensive
– defensive/offensive• initial attack defensive• offensive after a big hit
Tactical Priorities
• Defensive– Exterior operations– master streams and big hand lines– No interior crews
• accountability
Tactical Priorities• Mode of Operation Decisions
– Risk a lot to save a lot • Risk our lives a lot to save savable lives.
– Offensive
– Risk a little to save a little• Risk our lives a little to save savable property.
– Marginal
– Risk nothing to save nothing• Don’t risk our lives at all to save what is already lost.
– Defensive
Tactical Priorities
• Factors– Burn Time– Construction Type– How long have we been operating– Have we slowed or stopped the forward
movement of the fire• why not
Apparatus Capabilities & Jobs
• Engines• Aerials
– Ladders– Towers– Snorkels– Quints
Apparatus Capabilities
• Tankers• Squads /Rescues• Ambulance• Fire Boats• Pool Vehicles
Riding Assignments
• Bring the tools to the the job!!Bring the tools to the the job!!
• Nothing Showing Nothing Showing • Smoke ShowingSmoke Showing
• ExtricationExtrication• EMSEMS
Resources
• Personnel– # = Size of fire– Location– Building Use– Weather– Life Hazard– Fire Flow - 50gpm / FF
Resources
• Apparatus– Size of the fire– Location– Water Supply– Fire Flow - 500gpm / engine– Life Hazard– Aerials
Resources
• Fire Flow– Iowa Formula
• L x W x H = Fire Flow100
Specific Structure Fires
• Single Family Dwellings– Kill the most firefighters– Houses are big – VES
• bedrooms– First Line
• Between fire and occupants• Front door - interior stairs
Specific Structure Fires
• Single Family Dwellings
– Horizontal ventilation fastest
– Heavy fire - vertical vent• more than room & contents
– Check for extension
Specific Structure Fires
• Attached Garages
– Check the door on the interior side for integrity• if its good, leave it closed• attack from exterior
Caution - prop open garage doors
Specific Structure Fires
• Attics
• Basements
• Exposures
Specific Structure Fires
• Multi-Family– Multiple Rescues– Ventilation– Protect Exits
• Stairs• Fire Escapes
– Truss Roofs– Cocklofts
Specific Structure Fires
• Mercantile, Business, Taxpayer
– Roof vent quick– Large hand lines– Master streams– Extension other units– Forcible entry problems
Specific Structure Fires
• Mercantile, Business, Taxpayers– Rapid heat & smoke build up
• fire in void spaces• basements
– Facades– Rear of building
• cellar doors• different elevation
– Dwelling units
Specific Structure Fires
• Industrial, Warehouses– Light weight construction– Heavy fire load– Haz-Mat– Large open areas– Processes– Machinery
Specific Structure Fires
• Educational– Large life hazard
• younger children– Resources
• school staff– Panic
• parents showing up on scene– EMS
Specific Structure Fires
• Institutional– Jails– Health Care & Hospitals
• Occupants can’t escape on their own– Staff assistance required
• guards / nurses– Total evacuation not always possible
• shelter in place• horizontal exits
More Fires
• Vehicle Fires• Rubbish• Wildland• Others
Other Emergencies
• Technical Rescue– Trench– Collapse– High Angle– Confined Space– Water– Animals
RIT • Two in - Two Out = LAW
– FF Safety #1FF Safety #1
• RIT Team / Sector– Dedicated Company at IC– At least 4 FF’s– Ready for search, heavy rescue
Return to Service
• First in, first home
– Fresh crews for clean-up– Keep change companies for a while– Re-Hab– Debrief
