Tackling Climate Change in Bihar 1

Handbook - Bihar SAPCC

Tackling Climate Change in Bihar

August, 2017

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Bihar is situated at the eastern part of the

country, lying midway between humid West

Bengal in the east and sub-humid Uttar

Pradesh in the west. Bihar is located between

24°20’10” and 27°31’15”N latitude and

82°19’50” and 88°17’40”E longitude in the

and situated at about 52.73 m height above

sea level. Bihar has a monsoon climate with

an average annual rainfall of 1200 mm.

Tackling Climate Change in Bihar

The Bihar State Action Plan for Climate

Change (Bihar SAPCC) has been formulated

as a framework document with reference to the

contours of the National Action Plan for Climate

Change (NAPCC) of 2008. UNDP consultants

engaged by Ministry of Environment, Forests

and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), GoI,

steered and assisted in the preparation of the

Bihar SAPCC, from the first framework paper

in 2012 till the final version was drafted after a

consultative workshop in December 2014 and

adopted by the State Steering Committee in

January 2015. The SAPCC incorporated state-

specific parameters, aspects and factors in

profiling different climate change scenarios,

conducting vulnerability assessments and

identifying the strategic and programmatic

interventions and activities for adaptation and

mitigation (GoB, 2015). The National Steering

Committee endorsed the Bihar SAPCC in its

meeting held on 31st March 2015.

Bihar State Action Plan on Climate Change

Bihar is on an accelerated growth and development pathway, and in recent years, the state has received considerable attention nationally and internationally for its remarkable performance on the development front.

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41.4 percent of the population lives below the

poverty line in Bihar. As nine out of ten people

on the average live in the villages, poverty is

more visible in rural areas.

• Tmin increase of 0.6 to 1.50C in December-

January during 1971-2000 in different

pockets of Bihar

• Tmax decrease of -3.0 (Southwest) to -1.40C

(Northeast) in April-May during 1971-2000

• Tmin increase of 0.10C is observed in the

month of December during 1971-2000

• No significant change in June-July-August

(JJA) rainfall (cm) during 1871-2002

although decrease (southwest) or increase

of rainfall is observed in different pockets

• Future projected change in annual

temperature (0C) during 2011-2040 with

respect to 1961-1990 in RCPs of 8.5 shows

changes of 0.8-1.90C

• Future projected change in Tmin (0C) in

December-January during 2011-2040 with

respect to 1961-1990 shows changes of

0.2-1.00C

• The 5-10% change (positive or negative) in

mean JJA rainfall (cm) is noticed over Bihar

in RCPs of 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios

Climate trends Projections in Bihar

of the population lives below the poverty line in Bihar.

41.4%

The Bihar SAPCC assesses the future trends as follows:

How is Bihar combating climate change?

The Bihar state government has developed

the Bihar State Action Plan on Climate Change

(BSAPCC) in order to create an overarching

framework that can be used to respond to the

sector-specific climate change challenges.

The action plan focuses on seven key sectors

each with their own sector-specific plans:

Agriculture and animal husbandry

With sector plans which range from developing early warning forecasting

systems to increasing productivity

Water resources and disaster management

It includes the development of Bihar state water policy plus water and

wetland conservation on top priority. The sector also specifies Disaster

Risk Reduction (DRR) roadmap for disaster management in the state

Forests and biodiversity

It includes the management practices for forest and biodiversity through

multiple strategies and management practices

Urban development and transport

It includes the proper management of municipal solid waste, tracking

and controlling the vehicle pollution and upgrading the public transport

systems

Industries and mining

Bihar does not have large industries, but still the work includes the

reviews of policy and efforts to build the capacity of small and medium

sized enterprises.

Human health

It includes development of health roadmap and development of early

warning systems and health advisors for climate sensitive diseases and

improved infrastructures to reduce the impact of vector borne diseases

Energy

The main focus includes the development of non-conventional energy

sources i.e solar, wind and biomass energy

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Key Sectors for Interventions

Based on trends and projections, key

sectors, such as agriculture, water

resources, forests and biodiversity, energy,

infrastructure and health have been identified

for adaptation interventions and cross-

sectoral linkages have been established

for recommended actions. The actions can

broadly be classified across technological

interventions, economic interventions, policy

interventions, conservation efforts, knowledge

creation, capacity building initiatives and

recommendations.

Partnerships and Coordination Mechanism

• Identification of key players

• Identification of tools and criteria for decision making

• Setting up of coordination and collaboration structure

Climate Change Strategies

• Regional and sectoral analysis

• Identification and assessment of mitigation and adaptation actions

• Preparation for state environment report

• Climate change policy and investment roadmap

Common Framework Elements for Sectoral Implementation under the BSAPCC

Sector policy reviews

Sector climate vulnerability assessments

Sector public/community perceptions

documentation

Knowledge management

activities

Periodic consultations with civil society and

communities

Sector climate change impacts evidence base strengthening

Incorporation or poverty, equity, and livelihoodconcerns

Monitoring and evaluation

protocols

BSAPCC

Sectorprogrammes

under

Suggestions• Assess the drivers and implications of climate change through scientific research

• Prepare climate change assessments once every two years (greenhouse gas

estimations and impact of climate change, associated vulnerabilities and adaptation)

• Develop decision support systems

• Build capacity towards management of climate change related risks and opportunities

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Economic Share of SAPCC activities in Bihar (in Lakhs)

Linkages of SAPCC to other Developmental Agendas in Bihar

14981Agriculture

Animal Resources & Fisheries

Disaster Management

Water Resources

Forest

Transport

Industries

Health

Energy

U & D

43900

78913

64400

2190

3400

4450

340

587

425

Red

uctio

n Roadmap

Dis

aste

r Risk

Vision -2030

Bihar Vikas Mission

Agricultural

Roadmap

Sustai

nabl

e

Development R

oadm

ap

SAPCC

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Sector linkages of SAPCC activities in Bihar

Detailed vulnerability assessment across all focus sectors

Incorporation of climate change concerns into state disaster management plan

Documentation on community perceptions of climate change & impacts

Development & detailed reporting & M & E plan

Poverty, equity & livelihood study & strategy formulation

Agroforestry, integrated watershed management

Formulating of Urban sector roadmap incorporating climate concerns

Roadmap for sector climate change impacts evidence base strengthening and documentation

Climate risk assessment

SA

PC

C

For further information, contact:

Director, Ecology & Environment, Environment & Forest Department

Government of Bihar, Patna

AranyaBhawan, 2nd Floor, Riding Road, Shekhpura, P.O-Veterinary Collage, Patna-800014

To download Bihar’s full SAPCC report, go to:

https://tinyurl.com/y9ebdzeg