Table of Contents

Foreword Frans B. M. de Waal XI

Acknowledgments XV

List of Contributors XVII

1 War, Peace, and Human Nature: The Challenge of Scientific Objectivity

Douglas P. Fry 1

Section I: Ecological and Evolutionary Models 23

2 Evolution and Peace: A Janus Connection 25

David P. Barash

3 Conflict and Restraint in Animal Species: Implications for War and Peace 38

Hanna Kokko

4 An Ethological Perspective on War and Peace 54

Peter Verbeek

5 Cooperation, Conflict, and Niche Construction in the genus Homo 78

Agustín Fuentes

Section II: Lessons from Prehistory: War and Peace in the Past 95

6 Why the Legend of the Killer Ape Never Dies: The Enduring Power of Cultural 97

Beliefs to Distort Our View of Human Nature

Robert W. Sussman

7 Pinker's List: Exaggerating Prehistoric War Mortality 112

R. Brian Ferguson

8 Trends in Cooperation and Conflict in Native Eastern North America 132

David H. Dye

9 From the Peaceful to the Warlike: Ethnographic and Archaeological Insights into

Hunter-Gatherer Warfare and Homicide 151

Robert Kelly

10 The Prehistory of Warfare: Misled by Ethnography 168

Jonathan Haas & Matthew Piscitelli

11 The Prehistory of War and Peace in Europe and the Near East 191

R. Brian Ferguson

Section III: Nomadic Foragers: Insights about Human Nature 241

12 Peaceful Foragers: The Significance of the Batek and Moriori for the Question of

Innate Human Violence 262

Kirk Endicott

13 Social Control and Conflict Management among Australian Aboriginal Desert

People Before and After the Advent of Alcohol 278

Robert Tonkinson

14 Aggression and Conflict Resolution among the Nomadic Hadza of Tanzania as

Compared with their Pastoralist Neighbors 297

Marina L. Butovskaya

15 South Indian Foragers' Conflict Management in Comparative Perspective 315

Peter M. Gardner

16 The Biocultural Evolution of Conflict Resolution between Groups 341

Christopher Boehm

17 The 99%-Development and Socialization within an Evolutionary Context:

Growing Up to Become a "Good and Useful Human Being" 341

Darcia Narvaez

Section IV: The Primatological Context of Human Nature 359

18 Chimpanzees, Warfare and the Invention of Peace 361

Michael L. Wilson

19 Evolution of Primate Peace 389

Frances J. White, Michel T. Waller, & Klaree J. Boose

20 Conflicts in Cooperative Social Interactions in Non-Human Primates 406

Sarah F. Brosnan

21 Rousseau with a Tail: Maintaining a Tradition of Peace among Baboons 421

Robert M. Sapolsky

22 Conflict Resolution in Non-Human Primates and Human Children 439

Maaike Kempes, E. H. M. Sterck, & B. Orobio de Castro

Section V: Taking Restraint against Killing Seriously 449

23 The Evolution of Agonism: The Triumph of Restraint in Nonhuman

and Human Primates 451

Douglas P. Fry & Anna Szala

24 Social Signaling, Conflict Management, and the Construction of Peace 475

Paul ("Jim") Roscoe

25 The Challenge of Getting Men to Kill: A View from Military Science 495

Richard J. Hughbank & Dave Grossman

26 Man the Singer: Song Duels as an Aggression Restraint Mechanism for

Nonkilling Conflict Management 514

Joám Evans Pim

Section VI: Conclusions 541

27 Cooperation for Survival: Creating a Global Peace System 543

Douglas P. Fry

Index 559