Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
09037C P 1
Table of Contents
Executive Summary.....................................................................................................................5
1.0 Introduction ....7
1.1 .......................8
1.2
1.3 ..10
1.4 .....................10
1.5 .....................11
1.6 .....................11
......................... 11
.......... 12
1.6.3 Local Government Legislation ................................................................................................... 15
............15
1.8 .....................16
2.0 Ba ......................... 17
2.1 Bio-geographical Background.....................................................................................17
2.1.1 Major modifications and changes .............................................................................................. 18
2.2
18
......................... 20
......................... 24
......................... 27
............ 28
............30
2.3.1 National .......................................................................................................................................... 30
2.3.2 State (Queensland)....................................................................................................................... 30
2.3.3 Local Government Registers...................................................................................................... 30
3.0 Cultural Heritage Investigation .................................................................................. 31
...................................................................................................................
Purpose of the Study ..............................................................................
Dates and Duration of Work ....................................................................................10
Personnel......................................................................................................................
Nature of the Impact (The Project) ....................................................
Organisation of the Report ...................................................................
Relevant Legislation.................................................................................1.6.1 National .................................................................................................................
1.6.2 State (Queensland).............................................................................................................
1.7 Previous Reports ..............................................................................................
Acknowledgments ...................................................................................
ckground Information .....................................................................
Historical Background .................................................................................................182.2.1 Exploration & Pastoralism, 1820s-1860s .................................................................................
2.2.2 Closer Settlement, 1860s-1900s ......................................................................
2.2.3 Coal mining in Acland.........................................................................................
2.2.4 Acland since the 1950s.......................................................................................
2.2.5 After the closures.............................................................................................................
2.3 Register Searches..............................................................................................
09037C P 2
3.1 .....................31
......................... 31
3.2 .....................33
......................... 33
......................... 33
3.3 .....................33
............34
4.0 An ......................... 36
4.1 .....................36
......................... 36
......................... 37
......................... 38
4.1.4 Acland No2 Colliery .................................................................................................................... 39
.............. 41
......................... 42
......................... 43
......................... 43
......................... 44
..................... 46
.............. 47
......................... 48
............49
5.0 Co ......................... 50
5.1
6.0 Sig ......................... 54
6.1 Determining Cultural Heritage Significance............................................................54
6.1.1 Assessment Criteria..................................................................................................................... 54
6.1.2 Archaeological Potential.............................................................................................................. 55
6.1.3 Other Relevant Aspects of the Legislation ............................................................................. 55
Survey Methodology ...............................................................................3.1.1 Sampling Strategy.................................................................................................
Constraints to the Survey ....................................................................3.2.1 Time .......................................................................................................................
3.2.2 Ground Surface Visibility ...................................................................................
Consultation .............................................................................................
3.4 Survey Outcomes .............................................................................................
alysis of Data ....................................................................................
Cultural Heritage Places.........................................................................4.1.1 The agrarian landscape .......................................................................................
4.1.2 Acland town area.................................................................................................
4.1.3 Acland park and war memorial ........................................................................
4.1.5 Sugarloaf mine .................................................................................................................
4.1.6 Acland No 1/Beith mine.....................................................................................
4.1.7 Willeroo No 2 .....................................................................................................
4.1.8 Summer Hill hotel site........................................................................................
4.1.9 Railway...................................................................................................................
4.1.10 Sabine .........................................................................................................................
4.1.11 McIntyre grave ................................................................................................................
4.1.12 Wells childrens’ graves.......................................................................................
4.2 Conclusion .........................................................................................................
mparative Analysis..........................................................................
Rarity and Representativeness...................................................................................52
nificance Assessment ......................................................................
09037C P 3
6.2 .....................56
....... 57
......................... 61
......................... 64
......................... 68
......................... 72
.... 75
............ 78
......................... 80
......................... 84
......................... 87
......................... 89
......................... 92
6.3 Statement of Cultural Heritage Significance ...........................................................95
............96
6.5 .....................97
7.0 Proposed Development 99
7.1
7.2 100
............100
.......................100
............100
7.3 Project Timeframes................................................................................................... 100
7.4 ............ 101
...........101
8.0 Re .......................103
8.1 Site Specific Recommendations .............................................................................. 103
8.1.1 The agrarian landscape ..............................................................................................................103
8.1.2 Town of Acland and structural elements of the agrarian landscape................................104
8.1.3 The war memorial ......................................................................................................................105
Nature of Significance.............................................................................6.2.1 The agrarian landscape .........................................................................................................
6.2.2 Acland town area.................................................................................................
6.2.3 Acland park and war memorial ........................................................................
6.2.4 Acland Colliery ....................................................................................................
6.2.5 Sugarloaf mine ......................................................................................................
6.2.6 Acland No 1 (Beith) mine.......................................................................................................
6.2.7 Willeroo No 2 ..................................................................................................................
6.2.8 Summer Hill hotel site........................................................................................
6.2.9 Railway line (disused)..........................................................................................
6.2.10 Sabine .....................................................................................................................
6.2.11 McIntyre grave .....................................................................................................
6.2.12 Wells’ graves, former Presbyterian church site ............................................
6.4 Significance Ratings for the Project Area ....................................................
Cultural Heritage Potential within the Project Area.......................
...............................................................................................
The Nature of the Proposed Development ...........................................................99
Types of Potential Impacts ......................................................................................7.2.1 Direct Impacts.................................................................................................................
7.2.2 Indirect Impacts ...................................................................................................
7.2.3 Cumulative Impacts........................................................................................................
Project Impact on Sites and Places of Cultural Heritage Significance7.4.1 Project impacts ................................................................................................................
commendations................................................................................
09037C P 4
8.1.4 Acland No 2 colliery ..................................................................................................................105
.......................107
.......................108
......... 109
9.0 Reference List ..............................................................................................................112
8.1.5 McIntyre grave and Wells childrens’ graves...................................................
8.1.6 Sabine .....................................................................................................................
8.2 General Recommendations ............................................................................
09037C P 5
Executive Summary
r development
mine. The deposit to be mined is both extensive and shallow precluding any
other form of extraction.
wing sites were identified as having cultural heritage attributes:
a;
nd war memorial;
ery;
ine;
mine;
o 2;
Sabine;
identified as a
mine on the
te will need detailed archaeological recording of
und workings
y to relocate
etailed working
The town of Acland, its park and war memorial are considered to have local and regional
significance, however due to the nature of the project the town, its park and its war memorial
remai in situ. The removal of dwellings for reuse elsewhere is consistent with well-
established practices in Queensland history. The transfer of the war memorial, erected in 1991, to a
MDL 244 in the vicinity of the town of Acland, southeast Queensland, is identified fo
as an open cut coal
Within MDL 244 the follo
The agrarian landscape;
Acland town are
Acland park a
Acland No 2 Colli
Sugarloaf m
Acland no 1/Beith
Willeroo N
Summer Hill hotel site;
Railway;
McIntyre grave; and,
Wells children’s graves.
Only one site, the Acland No 2 Colliery, 2 Francis St, Acland has been previously
place of heritage value on the Queensland Heritage Register. It is the only coal
Queensland Heritage Register at this time. This si
surface workings, selective retention of artefacts and the documentation of undergro
where practical from a workplace health and safety point of view. Rather than tr
particularly large elements, such as the entire pithead, it is recommended that a d
model should be considered for display in a suitable museum.
cannot n
09037C P 6
here such
is report does
of any heritage elements as a means of
mitigation, it is considered appropriate in the case of this project.
otel sites have
values. They should be subject to further investigation and recording before
The railway and the township of Sabine are noteworthy within the overall cultural landscape. They
The two gravesites have social significance and need sensitive treatment, consistent with the
Cemetery bylaws of the Toowoomba Regional Council if they are within areas that will be mined.
new location is also broadly consistent with the record of many Queensland towns w
memorials have been relocated to make way for new development needs. Whilst th
not generally encourage the removal and relocation
The Sugarloaf mine, Acland No 1(Beith) mine, Willeroo No 2, and Summer Hill h
potential archaeological
and during mining operations.
hold low levels of local significance.
09037C P 7
1.0 Introduction
Converge Heritage + Community was commissioned by New Acland Coal Pty Ltd to undertake a
Heritage Assessment of Acland Stage 3 located at Acland, Queensland.
l heritage assessment (non-
,
and former townships of Sabine and Greenwood in the vicinity of Oakey, Darling Downs,
Queensland (see Figure 1). The lease is within the Parish of Watts, County of Aubigny.
The Project was commissioned to meet the requirements for a cultura
Indigenous) as part of an overall EIS for a proposed new open cut coalmine at Acland.
The subject site MDL 244, New Acland Stage 3, is located in an area around the Acland township
Figure 1 - Location plan (courtesy Sinclair Knight Merz, Brisbane)
09037C P 8
urpose of the Study
ite and detail a
the Queensland EPA criterion for establishing heritage
acted from the
environmental values for cultural heritage that may be affected by the Project
ltural heritage study that describes non-Indigenous cultural
heritage sites and places, and their values. Any such study should be conducted by an appropriately
qualified cultural heritage practitioner and should include the following:
Consu tation with:
- the Australian Heritage Places Inventory;
1.1 P
The purpose of this heritage assessment is to establish the significant aspects of the s
heritage assessment in accordance with
significance.
Specifically, the heritage assessment addresses the following terms of reference (extr
EIS terms of reference supplied by SKM, Brisbane):
Describe the existing
activities. The EIS should include a cu
l
Figure 2 - Plan of MDL 244 showing the curtilage as defined for this CMP (Plan courtesy of Sinclair Knight Merz,Brisbane).
09037C P 9
- the EPA and the Queensland Heritage Council regarding the Queensland Her
Register and ot
heritage significance;
- any local government heritage register; and
- any existing literature relating to the affected areas.
- any requirements by communities an
consultants and confidentiality of site data; and
- assessm
Liaison with relevant community groups/organizat
concerning:
itage
her information regarding places of potential non-Indigenous cultural
d/or informants relating to selection of
ent of significance of any cultural heritage sites/places located.
ions (e.g. local historical societies)
rding significance of any cultural heritage places located or identified.
f culturally significant sites likely to be impacted by the
eological sites, natural sites, story sites etc.
The location of historical mining areas, which should be shown on maps, including the
problems.
The EIS should present a report of the work done, including background research, relevant
e assessment,
community representatives).
r and detail to
ding those under the Queensland Heritage Act
1992 and the Integrated Planning Act 1997 and to protect areas and objects of cultural heritage
significance.
shoul provide an assessment of any likely effects of the Project on sites of non-Indigenous
cultural heritage values, including but not limited to the following:
- places of non-Indigenous cultural heritage significance; and
- opinion rega
Identification of locations o
Project, including:
- culturally significant vegetation;
- buildings or places of archaeological significance; and
- archa
potential for former mining zones or historical workings to cause slumping or other
environmental data and methodology, as well as results of field surveys, significanc
conclusions and management recommendations (having due regard for any confidentiality
requirements specified by
As a minimum, investigations and consultation should be undertaken in such manne
satisfy statutory responsibilities and duties of care, inclu
The EIS d
09037C P 10
A description of the significance of artefacts, items or places of conservation or cultural
heritage value likely to be affected by the Project and their values at a local, state and
national level.
f mitigating any negative impacts on cultural heritage values and
ge values identified
within the Project area and outline the Proponent’s proposed management strategy for
ral heritage values that may be impacted by the Project.
of Work
taken 24 – 26 October 2008 and 5 – 8 November 2008. Historical research
was undertaken during November 2008.
onverge Heritage + Community staff and contractors:
Heritage Consultant: Gordon Grimwade,
ltural heritage
ied out within the boundary of MDL 244.
The Project may potentially directly or indirectly impact upon the entire lease area. New Hope Coal
through its subsidiary, New Acland Pastoral Co had, by February 2009, acquired ninety three
percent of the properties affected and is progressively moving to purchase the balance of properties
within MDL 244.
Recommended means o
enhancing any positive impacts.
The EIS should describe the significance of non-Indigenous cultural herita
significant non-Indigenous cultu
1.2 Dates and Duration
Fieldwork was under
1.3 Personnel
This report was prepared by C
Historian: Craig Barrett,
Field Assistant: Pamela Thomson.
1.4 Nature of the Impact (The Project)
The nature of the current Project is such that New Acland Coal Pty Ltd requires cu
surveys to be carr
09037C P 11
1.5 Organisation of the Report
eensland Heritage Act 1992 and associated
guidelines: principally, the Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter, 1999.
e framework;
Sites identified and their significance; and,
al Heritage Investigation. The approach involved
ch to provide context and sufficient field investigation to provide an
indicator of the extent and diversity of heritage places.
Knowledge of cultural heritage legislation is essential when assessing sites, places or items of cultural
on discusses both National and State Legislation relevant to
At the national level, the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 is
epartment of
pieces of
hment of the
overnment on
ed of national
significance on the Australian Heritage Places Inventory (AHPI).
Note: The Register of the National Estate (former) is a list of natural, Indigenous and historic
heritage places throughout Australia. Following amendments to the Australian Heritage Commission
Act 1975, the Register of the National Estate (RNE) was frozen on 19 February 2007, which means
This report was prepared in accordance with the Qu
The report discusses:
The legislativ
The Project area;
Suitable management strategies for managing non-Indigenous heritage.
Field methodology is discussed in Section 3 – Cultur
historical background resear
1.6 Relevant Legislation
heritage significance. The following secti
(specifically) non-Indigenous, land-based cultural heritage.
1.6.1 National
now the key national heritage legislation, and is administered by the Commonwealth D
the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. In addition to this Act, the following
legislation are relevant to heritage:
The Australian Heritage Council Act 2003 (AHC Act) provides for the establis
Australian Heritage Council, which is the principal advisory group to the Australian G
heritage issues. The AHC Act also provides for registration of places consider
09037C P 12
that no new places can be added to or removed from the RNE. Nonetheless, the RNE will
as a statutory register until February 2012. During this period the Minister for the
Water, Heritage and the Arts is required to continue considering the Register when
decisions under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 199
This transition period also allows states, territories, local and the Australian G
complete the task of transferring places to appropriate heritage registers where ne
amend legislation that refers to the RNE as a statutory list. From February 2012, all r
continue
Environment,
making some
9 (EPBC Act).
overnment to
cessary and to
eferences to
the Register will be removed from the EPBC Act and the AHC Act. The RNE will be maintained
atutory basis as a publicly available archive.
2. The aim of
tablishment of
of places of significance to
Queensland’s cultural heritage, known as the Queensland Heritage Register, and aims to regulate
ent of a place
stered on the
t, a place may
In November 2003, the Queensland Heritage Act 1992 was augmented by the Queensland Heritage
Reg development applications for privately owned properties on the
elopment and
In April 2008, the Queensland Heritage Act 1992 was again amended. The major changes include the
way archaeological items and places of local heritage significance are dealt with under the Act.
Under section 60, places may be considered to be ‘archaeological places’ if not registered as a State
heritage place and are considered to have ‘potential to contain an archaeological artefact that is an
after this time on a non-st
1.6.2 State (Queensland)
Historical cultural heritage matters are covered in the Queensland Heritage Act 199
the Act is to conserve Queensland’s historic heritage. The Act provides for the es
the Queensland Heritage Council, for the maintenance of a register
development of registered places. Under the provisions of the Act, any developm
listed on the Queensland Heritage Register must be done in accordance with the Act.
If the subject site was found to contain values of state significance and was regi
Queensland Heritage Register, the Act would apply. Under Section 35 (1) of this Ac
be entered in the register if it satisfies one or more of the assessment criteria.
ulation, 2003, resulting in
Register being assessed in accordance with the requirements of the Integrated Dev
Assessment System (IDAS) of the Integrated Planning Act 1997.
1.6.2.1 Archaeological Places
09037C P 13
important source of information about Queensland’s history’ (s. 60 (b)). Archaeological places can
be entered onto the register if they meet those criteria.
tal Protection
t an aspect of
sland’s history. This advice must be given as soon as practicable after the person discovers
d Heritage Act 1992 are clear in relation to
responsibilities surrounding notification and protection of historical archaeological places under Part
– e are outlined below for reference:
88 Definition for div 1
In this division-interfere with includes damage, destroy, disturb, expose or move.
ct
(1) A person who discovers a thing the person knows or ought reasonably to know is an
archaeological artefact that is an important source of information about an aspect of Queensland’s
isto chief executive a notice under this section.
(2) The notice must—
(a) be given to the chief executive as soon as practicable after the person discovers the thing;
(b) state where the thing was discovered; and
scription or photographs of the thing.
90 Offence about interfering with discovery
(1) This section applies to a thing for which a person has, under section 56, given the chief
ve a not e.
Section 89 requires a person to advise the Chief Executive Officer of the Environmen
Agency of an archaeological artefact that is an important source of information abou
Queen
the item.
Amendments (01 April 2008) to the Queenslan
9 Div 1, (88-90). Thes
89 Requirement to give notice about discovery of archaeological artefa
h ry must give the
Maximum penalty—1000 penalty units.
(c) include a de
executi ic
09037C P 14
(2) A person who knows that the notice has been given must not, without the chi
written consent or unless the person
ef executive’s
has a reasonable excuse, interfere with the thing until at least
20 business days after the giving of the notice.
Maximum penalty—1000 penalty units.
s within the project area which are assessed as potential archaeological places are subject to these
prov
via the IDAS
he Queensland
Her essential to apply for approval from the Environmental Planning Authority
and nd emergency work.
Exempt Development
the Heritage
nance work. This is work that will not cause detriment to the cultural heritage
fences, gardens,
inor repair work
the place, and
place using the same types of materials and methods that were originally
ther work that will not cause detriment to the cultural heritage significance of the place,
ant scale.
r security to a
registered place after accidental damage through a natural disaster, such as a fire. It does not
include demolition.
Work requiring approval
If you ow a heritage-listed place, you will need to apply for approval from the Queensland Heritage
Council if you want to develop it. You’ll need to get approval if you want to: · demolish it · erect,
The site
isions.
1.6.2.2 Development Approvals
Development in a heritage listed place requires a range of consents to be obtained
system. Major changes to listed places must be approved. For properties entered in t
itage Register, it is
Queensland Heritage Council for all work other than minor maintenance a
The following work can be carried out by obtaining an Exemption Certificate from
Council. Mainte
significance of the place and is carried out for protective care, to such items as
grounds, roads, paths, roof, drainage system, services and utilities.
M
This is work that will not cause detriment to the cultural heritage significance of
involves repairs to the
used.
Other minor work
This is any o
and is not of a signific
Emergency work
Emergency work is reversible work that provides temporary support, shelter, o
n
09037C P 15
construct, or relocate it · paint or plaster it in such a way that alters its appearance · renovate, alter,
or add to it · subdivide its land · change its use · excavate, disturb, or change the natural features of
apply for
property. Link to:
_heritage/heritageregistered_places/
opment work to your property, you will need to lodge an Integrated
Development Assessment System (IDAS) application.
eritage)
boundaries
hire Council. Until March 2009, the relevant policies of this council will
ed for the present. The Project area is now within the Toowoomba
nsland Mining Heritage Places Study: Brisbane Mining District’
nd. Report for
Management
sed Coal
Southeastern
h eport to ISON Environmental Planners on behalf of Shell
Coal Pty Ltd, Brisbane.
Parsons Brinckerhoff , 2006 ‘Structural assessment of wooden structure at 2 colliery,
Ac and’ (unpublished report to Campbell Standish Partners, Brisbane), Parsons
Brinkerhoff, Brisbane.
the landscape Do you need to carry out any of these developments? Find out how to
approval to change a listed
http://www.epa.qld.gov.au/ecoaccess/cultural
Getting approval
If you want to carry out devel
(www.epa.qld.gov.au/cultural_h
1.6.3 Local Government Legislation
Prior to council amalgamations in March 2008, the Project area was situated within the
of the Goombungee S
continue to be administer
Regional Council.
1.7 Previous Reports
Previous cultural heritage studies, in chronological order, in this area include:
Pearson, M., 1994, ‘Quee
in Mining Heritage Places Study Stage 2b Southern and Central Queensla
Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage, Heritage
Conservation, Canberra.
Ann Wallin & Associates, 1999 ‘A Cultural Heritage Assessment on a Propo
Mine and Power Station Site at Acland, near Oakey, Darling Downs,
Queensland’. (Unpublis ed r
l
09037C P 16
rtners Level 2,
Adelaide St, Brisbane), School of Social Science, The University of Queensland,
Brisbane.
07 ’Heritage Assessment Report: Acland No 2 Colliery’ (report to
gaburra,
nyon, General Manager, Corporate Development and
and Acland resident;
d resident;
Mrs K. Greenhalgh, former tourism operator at Acland mine historical museum;
Members of the Heritage Advisory Group; and,
Staff of the Oakey Public Library.
Pragnall, J., & G. Mate, 2007 ‘Preliminary Assessment report of the Acland No 2
Colliery Site, Acland, Rosalie Shire’, (Unpub report Campbell Standish Pa
225
Grimwade, G., 20
EPA/QHC), Yun
1.8 Acknowledgments
The following organizations and individuals contributed to this report:
Mr Dennis Brown-Ke
Government Relations, New Hope Coal Ltd;
Ms Trina Jensen, SKM, Brisbane
Dr Val Dennis, Listings Officer, National Trust of Queensland;
Mr Glen Beutel, Committee Member
Mr Graham Wieck, Aclan
09037C P 17
2.0 Background Information
rt on the area
arding cultural
anagement recommendations (in compliance with the EPA Guidelines for
rspersed with
t and bitumen,
ore dwellings – of varying age – and may
include grain silos, sheds and the occasional relict, dairy related, shed. Grain growing and beef cattle
fattening appear to be the dominant use of the agricultural landscape.
predominantly
l transport and coal mining.
It is generally a lightly undulating landscape with limited but sometimes expansive vistas. The
marginally hillier land to the east offers greater opportunity for distant views across the farmlands.
Their patchwork colour changes alter with the seasons and the crops within the paddocks at any
The following background information is not intended to be a comprehensive repo
surrounding the Project area; rather it provides a suitable platform for discussions reg
heritage significance and m
Historical Archaeological Studies).
2.1 Bio-geographical Background
The area included within MDL 244 is primarily gently rolling, black soil, farmlands inte
small areas of native vegetation and seasonal streams. Narrow service roads, both dir
cross the Project area. Farms generally comprise one or m
Signs of other industries are scattered through this dominantly agrarian landscape;
rai
time.
Figure 3 - The rural landscape near Sabine.
09037C P 18
2.1.1 Major modifications and changes
19th century.
ally, a cultural
Rabbits, foxes,
and mynar birds compete with native wildlife such as galahs, cockatiels and the ubiquitous
ut the Project
were once school reserves and weathered
mullock heaps from the earlier, abandoned underground coal mines. These elements interact to
ov landscape that is the Acland district.
based on a period of library and archival research and is intended
to provide a contextual background for the identification and assessment of cultural heritage sites,
should not be
railway from Oakey to
therefore begins at this time, but the land in the district
egins with the
itself.
embers of an
ation party were the first non-Indigenous travellers to traverse the landscape. Exploration was
continent and
country. Allan
er the Darling
Downs.
gham w s an explorer and naturalist who first arrived in Australia in 1816. He explored much
of the area around Sydney and to the north as far as the Hunter River. In 1827, he undertook an
expedition north of the Hunter River and discovered the Darling Downs. Cunningham described the
The landscape has been significantly modified since European settlement in the mid
Small patches of relict natural vegetation are scattered throughout what is, gener
landscape of farms, access roads and, just north of MDL244, an open cut coal mine.
hares
magpies.
Traces of the progressive evolution of the present landscape are to be seen througho
area: the former railway line, small fenced paddocks that
pr ide the integrated cultural
2.2 Historical Background
The following contextual history is
places and features relevant to the planning and construction of the proposed mine. It
seen as a comprehensive study.
The town of Acland came into being following the construction of a branch
Cooyar in 1913. The history of the town
had been used by European settlers since the mid-1800s. This history therefore b
exploration and early settlement of the region before focusing on the town of Acland
2.2.1 Exploration & Pastoralism, 1820s-1860s
As with most inland districts of Australia west of the Great Dividing Range, the m
explor
an important colonial activity, both to establish the basic geography of the Australian
to identify natural advantages such as watercourses, arable land and grazing
Cunningham, assisted by his exploration party, was the first European to discov
Cunnin a
09037C P 19
landscape in glowing terms: “The downs…permanently watered, present flats, which furnish an
almost inexhaustible range of cattle pasture at all seasons of the year”. Beyond th
wrote Cunningham, “rise downs of a rich black, and dry soil, and very ample surfac
must furnish an abundance of grass, and a
e flat country,
e; and as they
re conveniently watered…they constitute a valuable and
een years,
tween isolated
y and
ea was split up amongst the
stations on the
ated was Lagoon Creek. This run
was originally part of Rosalie Plains, which was taken up by Henry Stuart Russell in 1847. The
s in the
rses were
deprived local
On the other
ource, and so
attacks on the
ations themselves. Squatters had little tolerance for such attacks on their
property and employees, and consequently, as elsewhere, a state of intermittent conflict occasionally
sliding into open warfare developed on the Darling Downs (Reynolds, 1987: 42). Aboriginal
resistance was broken, however, by the late 1840s through a combination of police and vigilante
action (French 1989: 109).
sound sheep pasture” (Quoted in French 1994: 28).
Pastoralism was the first significant European activity in the Darling Downs. It was thirt
however, after Cunningham’s discovery before the squatters made their way to the Downs with
flocks of sheep; this was principally because of the difficulties of communication be
settlements and the transportation of wool for export. The beginning of the pastoral industr
therefore settlement in the region began in 1840 with the arrival of the Leslie brothers: Patrick,
Walter and George, who took up a large swathe of land. This ar
brothers and became the first stations in the district. By 1848 there were 49 pastoral
Darling Downs, some of which covered up to 100,000 acres (Matthews 1988: 6-7).
The pastoral run in which the town of Acland was eventually loc
southern portion of the station was sold as Lagoon Creek in 1850. Other major station
immediate vicinity were Jondaryan, Westbrook, Lagoon Station and Gowrie.
Pastoral expansion into the Darling Downs inevitably incited conflict between the European
intruders and the Indigenous owners of the land. Valuable water holes and watercou
essential to the success of grazing, but European incursion diminished local game and
Aboriginal communities of access to food resources and sacred or ceremonial sites.
hand, the squatters’ livestock provided an alternative and apparently plentiful food s
Aboriginal raids on sheep pens became commonplace, occasionally accompanied by
shepherds and outst
09037C P 20
Figure 4 - Pastoral leases in the Project area in 1864 (Courtesy Museum of Lands, Mapping and Surveying).
y occupation of land by pastoralists further diminished the
from their
ip on the land
was challenged in the 1860s as colonial governments throughout Australia sought to open the land
for closer settlement. The pastoral industry was considered important to the colonies economic
interests; however, the growth of towns, a burgeoning middle class and politicians who espoused
ideals ressed for legislation to unlock the pastoralists’ land. The key Act that enabled
closer settlement in Queensland was the Crown Lands Alienation Act 1868. The land in the vicinity
European diseases and the stead
Aboriginal population of the Darling Downs and eventually Aborigines were removed
traditional lands to missions and government reserves.
2.2.2 Closer Settlement, 1860s-1900s
The land in the vicinity of Acland was opened for selection in 1868. The squatters’ gr
agrarian p
09037C P 21
of the future town of Acland was thrown open to closer settlement as a result of this Act (Be
1993: 105). A significant number of selectors took advantage of the Act and settled
(Beal 1
al
in the district
993: 105). In 1880 the district fell under the Rosalie Divisional Board, later the Rosalie Shire
Council.
ilway between
ating
the late 1880s
from there to
lace where the
een Jondaryan
at the Summer
ated one mile west of Acland (Acland State School 1971: n.p.). A school
was opened at Lagoon Creek, only a short distance from the site of Acland, in 1885, which provides
infrastructure
t shifted from
ea, albeit on a
creasingly
e region, and
e Meat and Dairy
Produce Encouragement Act 1893-4. Technological developments in the period made the dairy
industry v across the Darling Downs (Beal
rtant to dairy
w).
2.2.2.1 The Oakey-Cooyar Branch Line
Until the onset of the motorcar, railways were the principal means for producers to access distant
markets. Consequently, in the early 1900s local landowners pushed for the construction of rail lines
akey to oombungee and Cooyar. The town of Acland was located on the Oakey to Cooyar
branch.
The settlement of the district was further encouraged by the construction of a ra
Toowoomba and Dalby. This railway was built in sections and the line from Oakey to Jondaryan was
completed in November 1867 and later extended to Dalby in 1868. A postal service began oper
from Jondaryan in 1866 in anticipation of the rail passing through the district, and by
this mail service passed through Lagoon Creek and Millglen on the way to Cooyar and
Nanango (Walker 1978: n.p.). Lagoon Creek and Millglen were located close to the p
township of Acland later developed. A passenger coach service also operated betw
and Nanango from 1870 until the early 1910s. One of the stops along the way was
Hill Hotel, which was situ
some indication of the increasing population that resulted from land selections and
development in the district.
As a result of the land acts passed from the 1860s onward, land use in the distric
purely pastoral to mixed grazing and agriculture. Pastoralism still continued in the ar
smaller scale than the 1840s-1860s, but crops such as wheat and maize also became in
prominent in the landscape. Dairying also became an important industry in th
Queensland more generally, in the 1890s, particularly following the passing of th
iable and cheese and butter factories were established
1993: 124). A butter factory was opened at Oakey in 1902 and this factory was impo
farmers in the town of Acland following the construction of a rail line there in 1913 (see belo
from O G
09037C P 22
The Queensland Parliament formed a Select Committee to examine the proposal of a
Oakey to Cooyar in 1908. The Select Committee recommended the line should be c
approving the report into the proposed line, the Queensland Attorney General p
particular recommendations in the report that justified construction of the line: one w
the Darling Downs with a steady supply of “cheaper building timber” and the other w
Nanango District with the Darling Downs. It was also recognized that the land thro
rail would pass was rich agricultural land and the ra
line from
onstructed. In
ointed to two
as to connect
as to link the
ugh which the
il would be of use to land owners, but this seems
e was cheering
rn the first sod
the line in 1910. Indeed, the cheering was
ooyar Ranges,
s approved by parliament in 1909 and work began on the line in 1910 (Kerr 1998: 114).
The section of the line from Oakey to Acland was completed in April 1912 and the line eventually
rea th of the line was 38 miles and 50 chains (a little over
n of Acland
fied the
cluding
he line
f these
9 miles 40 chains from Oakey
(just under 16 kilometres). Other towns that
emerged as a result of the stations ne
Project area included Sabine (to the south) and
Muldu (to the north).
almost an afterthought (QSA Item ID 299631).
Land owners, naturally, wanted access to markets. According to one journalist, ther
from the crowd that had gathered to watch the Minister for Railways, W. T. Paget, tu
of earth commemorating the beginning of construction of
loudest from “those stout-hearted pioneers, who for years have been buried in the C
far removed from proximity to markets” (QSA Item ID 299631).
The line wa
ched Cooyar in April 1913. The total leng
62 kilometres).
2.2.2.2 The Formation of the Tow
The Select Committee Report had identi
need for nine “wayside stations”, not in
Oakey or Cooyar, along the length of t
(QSA Item ID 299631). Acland was one o
and was located
ar the
Figure 5 - Map showing the planned railway and extent of subdivisions in the area at the prior to construction of the line (QSA item 299631)
09037C P 23
ntil later
nsland Railway
ter his mother’s
maiden name (Hogan 1992: n.p.). The first infrastructure located in the future town was associated
- The original plan for the station at Acland. Note the station is simply known as “Station at 9m. 40c.” (QSA )
cottage and goods shed (QSA Item ID
2996
By th l land owners seemed
clear
Wilthorn, Sabine, Ackland [sic], and Muldu, are stations from which many tons of
cream, wheat, timber and chaff, many pigs, sheep and cattle, have already been railed
by the farmers. These stations wear the aspect of youthful neatness. The owners of the
land adjacent to three of them have lately sold allotments at good prices. At Sabine, Mr.
The ‘wayside station’ was originally known only by its distance from Oakey and it was not u
that the station – and the emerging town – was called Acland. Charles Evans, Quee
Commissioner from 1911-18, is believed to have named the new station, Acland, af
Figure 6 item 299631
with the railway: platform, shelter shed, lamps closet, porter’s
31).
e time the line had reached Cooyar, the benefits of the line to the loca
, at least to the local journalist covering the construction of the line:
09037C P 24
lized hundreds of
pounds from their sales of allotments (QSA Item ID 299631).
the extent to
nce of the rail
renamed the
d of the rail platform
istrict.
Cooyar. The
dustry that
rail extension and it was this industry that made the largest
contribution to the growth of Acland and surrounding towns.
Darling
ined in
2: 158).
Oakey
e, and
diately
4). This
; there
akey
d the
uc
e
encouraged serious exploration for coal in
the district (Ball 1912: 158). A Geological
Survey Report in 1912 noted that prospects for
ining in the area (particularly around
Balgowan, near Muldu) were good (Ball 1912: 159). Mining operations at Balgowan began in 1913.
M’Intyre, at Ackland [sic], Mr. Hoff, at Muldu, Mr. Le Feuore rea
These observations indicate the principal industries carried out in the district and
which the rail line encouraged urban development at Acland. Reflecting the importa
station the Summer Hill Hotel was moved from its previous location to Acland and
Railway Hotel (Archaeo 1999: 46). A cream shed was built at the southern en
in 1924, suggesting that the line also encouraged the intensification of dairying in the d
Acland thus emerged as a small town as a result of the rail extension from Oakey to
local farmers and graziers were clearly appreciative of the new line; but it was the coal in
proved the major beneficiary of the
2.2.3 Coal mining in Acland
Coal had been discovered on the
Downs in the 1840s and had been m
that region since the 1870s (Ball 191
Coal mining in the area surrounding
began in the 1880s, but mining ther
elsewhere in the Downs, did not imme
prove profitable (Whitmore 1985: 23
situation had begun to change by 1900
were collieries operating at Gowrie, O
and Tannymorel (near Warwick) an
success of operations there, the constr
of a rail line to Cooyar and Goombunge
the demand for coal more generally
tion
and
coal m
Figure 7 - Coal mines in the Acland district (from
Whitmore 1991: 238)
09037C P 25
by Peter and
t (Southern &
on behalf of a
syndicate of local men, who floated the Acland Coal Company Limited. The shaft did not prove
onel King, who owned mining leases in Gowrie, acquired the interests of the Acland
918 and called
is was the first
Other collieries soon opened in the district. In 1915, the Kingsthorpe Coal Mining Company took
up a mining lease just north of Acland, but the colliery established there did not prove successful and
losed (S uthern & Western Railway Historical Association, n.d.: 88). The Sugarloaf Colliery
Limited acquired a lease to the south of Acland in 1913. Another mine was opened near Balgowan
Coal mining first commenced in Acland in 1913. The first operation was carried out
William Swenson, who were also associated with mining in the Kingsthorpe distric
Western Railway Historical Association, n.d.: 88). The Swensons initially worked coal
successful and was abandoned (Whitmore 1991: 237).
In 1916, Col
Figure 8 - The Sugarloaf colliery, 1921 (Queensland Government Mining Journal 1921).
Coal Company Limited and began reworking the lease in Acland. King discovered the seam that the
Sugarloaf Company (see below) was mining and he opened a shaft into the seam in 1
it the Beith Mine. He then opened a second tunnel in 1923 (Whitmore 1991: 239). Th
Acland colliery.
soon c o
09037C P 26
by 1921, called Willeroo Mine (Mengel 1963a: 1). This mine was abandoned in 1943 and a second
Willeroo colliery was established south of Acland in 1940 (Mengel 1963b: 23).
to Queensland
Toowoomba,
ocal area (Beal
colliery began
oal Company
colliery of the
opened at the
loaf Mine in 1943 (Mengel 1963b: 2). In the 1950s Sugarloaf and Acland collieries were the
larg omas 1986: 280). A third Acland colliery was opened in
2.2.3.1 The Effect of Coal Mining on Acland
ining families
Creek School for the year than farming families (Jondaryan State School:
he rapid influx
d and re-built
of the town
Numbers of students attending the Lagoon Creek School in
ndered to the
t Muldu to the
cland, despite
collieries located near Muldu and Sabine.
Though coal mining had an important impact on the town, agricultural, dairy and pastoral industries
ict. Like coal production, these industries were supported by the rail line.
Some of the crops grown in the region included wheat, oats, and lucerne and milk and cream
Coal mining in the district proved successful in this period. The coal was sold mainly
Railways for their locomotives, but other customers included hospitals in Oakey and
the Toowoomba Gas Company, an abattoir, brick works and cheese factories in the l
1993: 140). By the early 1920s, it was reported “mining operations were continued at Acland
colliery with greater activity, and the number of men employed there has been much increased”
(Annual Report of the Undersecretary for Mines, 1922: 115). In 1929, Acland No. 2
production: “the old Acland Colliery was closed at the end of the year. The Acland C
opened up, and partly developed a new mine near Acland, which will be the Acland
future” (Annual Report of the Under-secretary for Mines 1929). A third colliery was
Sugar
est operating on the Darling Downs (Th
1966.
Coal mining had a significant effect on the fortunes of the Acland. In 1915, more m
were admitted to Lagoon
113). Housing was also in great demand, but materials in short supply. To cater for t
of people empty houses from Jondaryan were pulled down, transported to Aclan
(Jondaryan State School: 113).
A new school was opened in Acland in 1921, reflecting the increased population
(Acland State School 1971: n.p.).
contrast declined and the school was closed in 1930. The school reserve was surre
Crown in 1934 and the buildings were sold and removed. A school was also opened a
north of Acland, but it appears the majority of urban development occurred at A
continued in the distr
09037C P 27
continued to be sent to the Oakey Butter Factory (Southern & Western Railway Historical
Association, n.d.: 89).
land, began to
from coal to
f the industry,
such as those
on the Darling Downs (Fitzgerald 1984: 323). The Beith Mine only operated until 1935 (Southern &
Western Railway Historical Association, n.d.: 88). (Mengel 1963a: 1). Balgowan Colliery closed in
1960; Sugarloaf Colliery continued operating until 1969 and Willeroo No. 2 colliery closed in 1970
(Acland State School 1971: n.p.). At the beginning of 1984 Acland No. 2 colliery employed only
staff and it closed in October of that year (Thomas 1986: 282).
2.2.4 Acland since the 1950s
The mining industry on the Darling Downs, including the mines in and around Ac
decline in the late 1950s and 1960s. This was prompted in particular by the switch
diesel in Queensland trains (Thomas 1986: 281). The increasing mechanization o
driven by the trend toward open cut mining, also affected smaller mining operations
eleven
Figure 9 - Lagoon Creek School probabaly taken early in the 1900s. The school site is now a vacant block within the wider landscape. (Photo courtesy K & J Greenhalgh collection)
09037C P 28
he 1960s
ildren enrolled
the 1950s over 90 children were enrolled and by 1971 there were only 40
first
hes, butcher shop and town
hall were completely destroyed (“The Acland Tornado” 2002: 9). A number of houses later had to
o Cooyar. This
roughout
the state. The first section of the Oakey to Cooyar line to close was from Acland to Cooyar in 1964
). The section of line from Oakey to Acland was closed 1969 (Kerr 1998:
2.2.5 After the closures
The closure of the Acland Coal Mine in 1984 removed the last connection Acland had with the coal
industry. This industry, and the rail line that supported it, had encouraged the growth of a town,
Despite the continuing presence of industries in the district other than coal mining, it was coal that
guaranteed the fortunes of the town. The steady closure of collieries in the district in t
meant the population of the town decreased. This was reflected in the numbers of ch
at Acland State School: in
(Acland State School 1971: n.p.).
The history of the town in the postwar period is further defined by two major setbacks. The
was the freak tornado that swept through the town on December 6 1952. Almost all the buildings in
the town were damaged to some extent, but only the town’s two churc
be demolished. Despite the ferocity of the tornado, no one in the town was injured.
The town suffered a further setback with the closure of the railway line from Oakey t
followed the Queensland government’s decision in 1964 to close sixteen branch railways th
(see QSA item 1005980
114).
Figure 10 - Aerial view of the Acland No 2 colliery before its closure as a mining museum. (photo courtesy: J & K Greenhalgh)
09037C P 29
be important
closure of the rail line stock and
produce were driven to their destinations rather than brought to the town.
a museum by
s at Acland
n previously.
by the several
reports on a
, 85, 86, 87 (Sunday Mail 13/8/989 or 19901). Much of the work is
e recipients of
In 1991 the efforts of the town were rewarded with the dedication of its war memorial. It was a
fitting tribute to both the residents and those who served during several major armed conflicts.
rather than simply a way station on the Oakey to Cooyar line, and had defined the lives of its
residents for seventy years. Agriculture and dairying and beef cattle continued to
sources of income in the district beyond the 1980s, but with the
The structures and artefacts at the former Acland Colliery site were converted to
John and Kath Greenhalgh. Concurrently several options to develop the coal deposit
have been examined with prospects of reviving local mining on a much larger scale tha
The residents continued to take considerable pride in their town. This is typified
occasions on which Acland was recipient of Tidy Towns Awards. A news clipping
sequence of awards in 1983, 84
attributed to the late Mrs Thelma Beutel whose efforts culminated in Acland being th
the first overall state winner in 1989.
1 A news clipping, kindly supplied by Mr G. Beutel, notes a query in respect of the year of publication.
Figure 11 - The dedication service of Acland’s waBeutel i
r memorial 20 April 1991 (Photo: courtesy of Glen . Original mage taken by Barry Mount Photography, Toowoomba).
09037C P 30
2.3 Register Searches
National Trust
1 and Lot 2
7/0.
of the Australian Heritage Database returned no results. A further search for ‘coal mines’
on that register returned only Mount Mulligan Coal Mine (RNE ID 9077, file No 4/06/258/0017) in
MDL 244 contains one site, the Acland No 2 Colliery, 2 Francis St, Acland, (CHIMS ID No 602599)
m of heritage value on the Queensland Heritage Register. It is the
2.3.3 Local Government Registers
The Toowoomba Regional Council Local Heritage Register, as required under s.113 of the
Queensland Heritage Act 1992 – 2008 does not contain any entries in respect of Acland.
2.3.1 National
Acland Colliery has been recognized as a place of heritage value on the non-statutory
of Australia (Qld) Heritage Register. It is recorded as being located at Lot 9 on SP13585
on SP135851, Parish of Watts, County of Aubigny and is in the NTQ database as ROS
A search
Queensland.
2.3.2 State (Queensland)
that has been identified as an ite
only coal mine on the Queensland Heritage Register at this time.
09037C P 31
3.0 Cultural Heritage Investigation
This section provides a comprehensive physical description of the nature and physic
MDL 244 and its elements
al character of
. The analysis provides a brief overview of the entire Project area and a
description of each key element.
comprised a systematic drive through the town
area. During this the extant dwellings and other cultural features were photographed for further
vered varying
survey team (a
features: former mines, rail track, hotel, school and graves). This route was re-driven
in subsequent drive surveys to record distances and to undertake further visual evaluation of the
of the survey
On return to the office the field data was assessed and analysed against recent aerial photography,
Strategy
Given the extensive area involved and the available time an initial familiarisation of the area was first
the time
available.
am first drove
each street in the town then returned with two local residents and supplemented those inspections
with attention to particular structures identified in the earlier surveys.
reas we subject to extensive review from slow moving vehicles. The routes traversed were
confined to access roads and farm tracks due to both time and weather conditions. The open rural
3.1 Survey Methodology
The survey methodology within Acland township
desktop analysis.
The roadside survey involved driving various routes within the MDL. These co
distances. In the first drive, for example, an 18.6 kilometre route was followed. The
driver and heritage specialist) was accompanied by two local residents who assisted in identifying
core heritage
landscape. The balance of the field surveys was undertaken by one or two members
team.
historic plans and cadastral maps.
3.1.1 Sampling
completed. The range of environments identified and drive by inspections conducted. The aim was
to cover as much as necessary of the MDL to ensure a sound overview was achieved in
The township of Acland was inspected by the survey team on three occasions. The te
Rural a re
09037C P 32
areas of interest were noted
and photographed. In this way it was possible to view some 80 percent of the MDL.
terrain enabled large tracts of land to be surveyed in this manner. Key
Figure 12 –Aerial photo showing road traverses of rural areas (purple lines) undertaken during heritage
assessments.
09037C P 33
3.2 Constraints to the Survey
ble to complete the task to the town of Acland and
ross accessible parts of the lease area.
in the town of Acland had been on sold and
agreements were in place for their removal. Consequently intensive survey of these areas was not
previous agreements.
isibility
small areas of
In the rural areas farmland was dominant and, although covered by recent and current cropping
torical heritage
s of ploughed land were evident.
2 and Sugarloaf the ground surface visibility was
r management of New Acland Coal
Pty Ltd, who are also the majority landholder (93 percent by February 2009), and SKM as a prelude
was held with
sidents. In the
subsequent weeks several telephone discussions took place with Mr Beutel.
On 6 November 2008 the lead consultant met with the members of the Acland Heritage Precinct
Advisory Committee (AHPAC) in Goombungee. This group was established to support the initiative
blishing heritage precinct to ensure the protection of the old Acland coal mine assets and a
3.2.1 Time
Field survey work was constrained by time availa
to road traverses ac
3.2.2 Acland Towns
At the time of the survey many of the dwellings
conducted as a result of these
3.2.3 Ground Surface V
Within the town of Acland ground surface visibility ranged from 90+ percent down to
gardens of less than 10 percent.
could be considered excellent to address the survey intention: the assessment of his
values. Limited area
Around the former mining sites, such as Acland No
in excess of 85 percent.
3.3 Consultation
The survey team undertook preliminary discussions with senio
to informal discussions with local residents. On 25 October 2008 an informal meeting
Messrs G Beutel and Mr Graham Wieck, who are among the last of Acland’s re
of esta a
09037C P 34
number of significant items from the township of Acland. The committee is made up of
representatives from Toowoomba Regional Council, community and NAC.
olliery Museum, was interviewed by
telephone during early November and personally on 7 November in Oakey.
omes
347 hectares.
Table 1: Sites Summary
mments
Mrs K. Greenhalgh, the former co-owner of the Acland no 2 C
3.4 Survey Outc
Area surveyed 7
Places Location Co
The agrarian landscape roj for cropping and
er mining and andscape.
Across the entire P ect area Majority of lease area is usedgrazing. Some elements of formtransport lie within the overall l
Acland town area
Broadly bounded by LQ701793 (NW corner), LQ706788 (SE),
NE), andLQ702789.
with strong idor and agriculture.
ng.
LQ 707792 ( Small regional town originallyassociation with railway corrLater strong links to coal mini
Acland park and war memo cinity of LQ702792 r railway reserve rial Vi Redeveloped section of forme
Acland No2 Colliery nity of LQ703796.
Former coal mine having high levels of heritage Vicisignificance.
Sugarloaf mine LQ705768
significance.
Former coal mine having heritage
Acland No 1 (Beith) mine LQ7000779.
age significance.
Former coal mine having herit
Willeroo No 2 ove ground heritage LQ716761.
Former coal mine having low absignificance.
Summer Hill hotel site 688795. potential LQ
Former way station and hostelry with archaeological interest.
Railway LQ702826 (northern point) to 703804, 700774, 717750, to 7377718 (southern point).
Lineal development across the MDL. Infrastructure removed.
Sabine LQ704742. Small township with little surface evidence extant
McIntyre grave LQ727751.
Individual grave
09037C P 35
Wells’ graves’ vicinity of LQ717790. Reported grave site
places two, the
plex sites with a
ugh the township of Acland
e are considered to be of State significance.
Discussion of each follows in Section 4.0.
The survey identified 12 places of historic cultural heritage interest. Of these total
agrarian landscape and the former Acland No 2 Colliery, can be considered com
variety of features within that justify management attention. Altho
contains a variety of buildings non
Figure 13: Key identified places of heritage value within the lease area. (Map courtesy of SKM).
09037C P 36
4.0 Analysis of Data
4.1 Cultural Heritage Places
Within MDL 244 the following sites were specifically noted and are described below:
The agrarian landscape
Location
ross the entire Project area.
scape is
bsequent
ovide for
wed and
e
monplace. Smaller timber
comprised not just a dwelling and a store shed but often included a dairy, a cream shed, staff
f
d new, better
nded or were
ed.
The majority of MDL244 reflects this broad description. The farm dwellings vary from elegant but
ageing timber and iron structures to more modern concrete block homes, low-set, rustic sheds
t with s os and the paddocks themselves reflect the diverse seasonal patchwork of crops and
pastures.
4.1.1
Extends ac
Description
The cultural modification of the Australian land
endemic. Sometimes, and particularly to su
generations, the modifications that have occurred are so
subtle that the changes are barely noted. The Acland district
was progressively cleared in the 19th century to pr
expanding pastoralism. Closer settlement follo
further modification eventuated as large holdings were
up and smaller paddocking became the norm. Timb
and barbed wire fences became com
carved
r post
picket fences were used for corralling livestock. Patches of
natural vegetation were left undisturbed: perhaps for aesthetic
reasons, for windbreaks or for convenience.
Farms
housing, workshop and yards. The transition from pasturing to dairying, grain growing, and bee
cattle fattening ensured that some buildings were modified, some fell into disuse an
functioning structures were constructed. As farms prospered the dwellings expa
replac
contras il
Figure 14 - Elemecultural landscape in the north of the Project area.
nts of the
09037C P 37
in subsequent
The progressive evolution of
cultural landscapes is typified by the various activities now evident within the district.
Acland town area
Broadly bounded by grid coordinates LQ701793 (NW corner), LQ706788 (SE), LQ 707792 (NE),
27892.
aid out in a
of many small
ron buildings clearly in
their declining years, the occasional brick or block home, former commercial premises (all of which
are now closed), a non-operational school, and churches and community halls.
Figures 15 – 19 - Acland township. Clockwise from top left: 15 recent claybrick dwelling, 16 former store, 17 timber
elling, 18 corrugated iron and timber frame house, 19 industrial advertising.
Site Integrity
A highly integrated site comprising and linking the various elements detailed
discussion in this report. The integrity of the site is exceptionally high.
4.1.2
Location
and LQ70
Description
The town of Acland extends over an area of about 0.5km2. The town is basically l
conventional rectangular grid pattern in which are dwellings of a diversity typical
towns in rural Queensland: modest timber frame homes, older corrugated i
frame dw
2 All map references in respect of identified sites quoted in this report are derived from 1:25000 topographical map Acland 9243- 31 and have been ground-truthed.
09037C P 38
The town is bounded by Church St to the north, Clark St to the south, King St to
William St in the east. The main north south road, runs along Francis St and intersect
west Nungil – Acland Road which enters from the west and becomes Church Stree
town before becoming known as the Acland Goombungee Road on
the west and
s with the east
t through the
some cadastral maps. The
d.
streets are lined with clusters of trees a wide panorama dominates most of the town.
years in addition to which many of the
former dwellings that have been acquired by New Hope Coal and its subsidiaries are in various
stages of relocation. The integrity in such circumstances is lessening.
nd war memorial
Location
the hard work
treet from just
rial erected in
1991, which are linked by lawns. The median strip along Francis Street provides additional plantings
of native ‘bottle trees’, Brachychiton rupestris, as a dominant feature.
The war memorial is predominantly constructed of black granite on which are inscribed the names
of those who served in various conflicts.
current 1: 2500 topographical map shows the name of the entire road as Acland Roa
While some
Site integrity
The town has experienced declining fortunes for some
4.1.3 Acland park a
In the vicinity of LQ702792.
Description
The parklands, developed in the former railway corridor, are largely attributable to
and tenacity of the late Thelma Beutel. The park extends along George and Francis S
south of Clark Street north to Church Street.
It comprises areas of trees and shrubs, shaded seating, a toilet block, and a war memo
09037C P 39
Figures 20a and b (left above) - The park area although affected by drought still remains a pleasing feature of the
Figure 21 (right) - The 1991 war memorial is currently set within the former railway reserve park.
Site integrity
rk and war memorial are, together, intact and in reasonably good condition when it is
recognized that the area was, at the time of field survey, still in drought.
land No2 Colliery
Description
head an associated infrastructure for Acland No 2 remains largely intact, but deteriorating,
alongside Acland Muldu Road. It commenced operations in 1929 (Pragnall and Mate 2007:14). After
closure as an operational underground coalmine in November 1984 it was operated as mine
town.
The pa
4.1.4 Ac
Location
In the vicinity of LQ703796.
The pit d
09037C P 40
Toowoomba
uipment, were
ring this period. For the most part, however, it has retained a remarkably high degree of
intactness.
with a linking
rtal. There
are numerous buildings associated with the operation still extant including the winch room,
ner’s hut.
The site has been variously described by Pearson (1994) and more recently by Wallin (1999) and
(Pragnall and Mate 2007). All have remarked on its integrity and rarity.
Site integrity
Acland No 2 colliery is remarkably intact and, given the length of time it has stood since mine
closure demonstrates a high degree of integrity.
museum until 2000 when it was sold to Rosalie Shire Council (now part of the
Regional Council). Some minor modifications, including the display of some mining eq
made du
The dominant feature is the timber pithead and coal loading facility at the railhead
section of tramway. This tramway was used to haul coal from the incline shaft at No 2 po
scales/weighbridge, bathhouse, manager’s office, explosives store and (Bob’s Hut) a mi
Figure 22 - Ore conveyor system. Figure 23 - Interior of loading facility
09037C P 41
Sugarloaf mine
1:249) Several mullock heaps and a timber
framed dwelling on low stumps remain on the site. Whitmore noted the existence of the ‘No 1 and
ntified by their
nd a boiler which
4.1.5
Location
LQ705768.
Description
Sugarloaf mine was operational until 1966 (Whitmore 199
No 2 tunnels, situated to the east of the Oakey to Cooyar railway and are easily ide
heapsteads3 and collapsed portals as are the foundations of the winding house a
served all three of the mine’s tunnels’ (Whitmore 1991:249).4
3 ‘Heapstead’ is a 19th century coal mining term used in the north of England and defined as ‘the elevated platform near the shaft above the surface upon which the tubs are landed and run to the screens’ (which reference also notes ‘abridged from
holson A G ossary of Terms used in the Coal Trade of Northumberland and DurhamW.E.Nic l (Newcastle: Andrew Reid, n recognises and draws on a previous list of mining words, G.C.Greenwell's 1849 glossary with the same
title’ www.indigogroup.co.uk/durhamdialect/mining1888.htm1888). Nicholso
). 4 A heavy storm the evening before a planned inspection in November 2008 precluded the opportunity to update Whitmore’s information.
Figure 24 - Railway ore truck below loading gantry.
09037C P 42
There is every possibility that the shafts and drives may contain archaeologically significant elements:
timbering, drives and associated abandoned equipment.
poor state of
function from
eological perspective. The adjacent mullock heaps appear to provide a low level of integrity
mining activity. Archaeological evidence in this area is limited at first
but, with the aid of photographic and mine reports has the capacity to provide some useful
information
Location
Description
Acland No 1 was also known as Beith mine (K Greenhalgh: pers com 2008). Little surface evidence
of the mine remains. Parts of the mullock heaps are still evident and a few footings remain
ore 199 :249).
Site integrity
Sugarloaf demonstrates minimal integrity at least above ground. The dwelling is in
repair whilst still being capable of demonstrating key elements of its original form and
an archa
in respect of the remaining
glance
4.1.6 Acland No 1/Beith mine
LQ7000779.
(Whitm 1
Figure 26 - Old cottage at Sugarloaf. Figure 25- Mullock heap at Sugarloaf.
09037C P 43
As with other former mines Acland No 1 / Beith has the potential to provide archaeological
information from its underground workings. It was a relatively small and short liv
nonetheless, con
ed mine that,
tributed to the development of coal mining in the region, primarily by providing
coal for the railways.
Willeroo No 2
n
.
spread
As with other former mines the Willeroo No 2 has the potential to provide archaeological
ground remains. It was a relatively small and short lived mine but one that
uted to the development of coal mining in the region.
Summer Hill hotel site
er Hill
ilometre north
the hotel itself although the Beutel family
out Lot 47 or
modifications were apparently made at that time it is understood
to have followed the form of the original with only damaged timbers replaced. According to undated
file notes in the possession of Mr Glen Beutel:
out building of the Summer Hill hotel situated about half a mile (about 800 metres) west of Acland. It
was the building used to make the soft drinks in.
4.1.7
Locatio
LQ716761
Description
Virtually no surface evidence of the Willeroo No 2 mine remains. The mullock heaps were
across the farmlands on which the mine was situated (K. Greenhalgh pers com 2008).
information from its under
contrib
4.1.8
Location
LQ688795.
Description
In the period leading up to the construction of the Oakey to Cooyar railway in 1912/13 Summ
hotel was a focus for coaches, for local residents and as a post office. It was about 1 k
of Lagoon Creek School. Little is currently known of
relocated the ‘lemonade brewing room’ into Acland in 1975. It was re-erected on ab
48 on Church Street. While some
the hut was an
09037C P 44
hen the coach or horse drawn buggy went through from Jondaryan to Cooyar …. The hut
was made by Mr Dennis O’Shea….
Hotel was shifted to Acland and the hut was left on its old sight (sic). There were a few people lived in it for some
gave the hut to be rebuilt in Acland. The Rosalie Shire
ll Glen) used to supply meat to road workers
etc at 1.5 pence a pound (about 6c a kilogram). (Source
p
deep in an otherwise gently sloping
een severely impacted upon over the years since the hotel buildings were relocated.
ass cover the site must be considered to hold some potential for archaeological
deposits sub-surface. Their extent and degree of integrity is conjectural at this stage.
ay
0, to 7377718
Description
The extension of the Oakey to Cooyar railway was heralded as a major breakthrough for its time.
Construction started in 1912, after several years of lobbying. By April 1912 the line reached Kulpi,
ember i was at Peranga and at Cooyar in April the following year.
The mail was collected there
The
years.
In 1975 Mr Neil Connell whose property the hut was situated on
gave permission and waived the permit fee.
A butcher shop still on what used to be the Connell
property (Mi
G. Beutel 2008).
The site is marked with a deep, densely grassed,
depression about 3 metres square and
ossibly
1. 5 metres
paddock. This may have been the original cellar.
Site integrity
The site has b
Given the dense gr
4.1.9 Railw
Location
Extends, as a lineal site, from LQ702826 (northern point) to 703804, 700774, 71775
(southern point).
by Nov t
Figure 27 - Summer Hill hotel is understood to have f this trough. been constructed in the general vicinity o
09037C P 45
mber cutting
Creek moved
s were among
ed, but
day, from 1929…. The
Oakey to Acland line remained open until 8 December 1969 when dieselization of the railways
:114).
those around
mbankment and the occasional paddock
running alongside the track mound are the only cultural markers remaining. There does
no appear to be any significant infrastructure remaining along the route.
Integrity of this extensive lineal site has been heavily compromised. It is clearly evident in some
sections (see, for example Figure 29 below) while elsewhere the line is barely discernable. Careful
examination of fence lines is often the most evident indicator of the former rail line.
The railway provided useful boosts for industrial development. The dairy industry, ti
and, eventually, coal mining were beneficiaries. Acland’s fledgling settlement of Lagoon
to slightly higher ground. Acland No 1 (Beith) and Acland No 2, and Sugarloaf mine
those developments that relied heavily upon the railway. The town of Sabine was survey
apparently developed only as a fettler’s camp and for a school.
Kerr notes that ‘mixed trains ran four times per week, stabling overnight at Cooyar, but were
replaced by rail motor running from Cooyar to Toowoomba and return each
brought about closure of the coal mines which had kept this section open’ (Kerr 1998
The track was later removed. Evidence of the track bed and, in some areas such as
Sabine, the sleepers remain in situ. In some sections a low e
fencing still
Site integrity
Acland
Sabine
Figure 28 - Indicative route of the former railway line (base map courtesy of SKM Brisane)
09037C P 46
as never fully
ocal residents
s com 2008).
The township lies within a farm paddock. There is no surface evidence of the town. This is
d a school at
Site integrity
The site demonstrates poor integrity at the surface. The possibility of archaeological material being
t that is kely to significantly contribute to improved understanding of the area is considered
low.
4.1.10 Sabine
Location
Vicinity of LQ704742.
Description
The township of Sabine is shown on cadastral plans but oral evidence suggests that it w
developed. There was a school there and some fettler’s cottages according to l
(Greenhalgh, Beutel and Weick per
understandable given the claims that there were possibly a few fettlers’ cottages an
Sabine.
presen li
Figure 29 – In some areas the former railway line is easily found as many sleepers remainin situ. This section of the line extends north west from the junction of Acland, Sabine andHauslers Roads.
09037C P 47
4.1.11 McIntyre grave
Location
LQ727751.
months. He
died on December 11 1877. His grave is marked with a metal railing fence and a broken marble
headstone. The stone appears to have fractured cleanly at the base. The metal railings are slightly
ossibly as a result of a strike by farm implements. The grave is edged with a perimeter
ock beneath a
Site integrity
The grave itself appears to have a high degree of integrity. There appears to be no specific loss of
integrity in the immediate proximity. Notwithstanding that ploughing appears to have, at least in
recent times, come very close to the grave thus arguably impacting on the setting.
Description
Dugald McIntyre, the son of Duncan and Martha McIntyre, died at the age of 6 years 7
damaged, p
row of natural hewn stone. The grave is located within the middle of a large padd
single tree.
Figures 30 (above) & 30b (right) - Views of the grave of Dugald McIntyre, about 200 metres east of Botham’s road, near Sabine (Photos courtesy New Hope Coal Ltd).
09037C P 48
Wells childrens’ graves
Location
of LQ717790.
at the site of a
icks pers com
stood that the
e church itself
e of any such graves. It is common to find rural churches
set among a small cemetery and it would not be surprising that the former Presbyterian Church at
ome degree of
in the 1915 –
1930 period. The parents (father: Percy; mother: name not known) eventually left Acland and
e late 1980s
s prior to the
publications indicates the only cemeteries within the former Rosalie
Shire were located at Cooyar (map location 9244 56JLR ref 846147), Cooyar Creek (no ref),
Evergreen (9243 56JLR 731950), Glencoe Lutheran (871608), Goombungee (Haden) (873852),
Greenwood Lutheran (761780), McLagan (649020), Silverleigh Lutheran (780775) and Yarraman
(924456JLR 971271) (Aberdeen 1984).
4.1.12
In vicinity
Description
It is commonly agreed that at least two babies (surname ‘Wells’) were once interred
former Presbyterian Church on the Acland-Silverleigh Road (Greenhalgh, Beutel, We
2008). There is some uncertainty if there were any other burials at the site. It is under
site of the Wells childrens’ grave was marked by a timber post for many years after th
was moved elsewhere. Eventually it fell or was ploughed over (commentaries vary on that point).
Some reports also suggest that at least one other person was also buried at the site, again, the grave
is unmarked. There is no surface evidenc
Acland followed that practice. What is unusual is that the graves were not afforded s
identification before the land was sold for farming.
The date of birth of the two children is not known locally but appears to have been
moved to Toowoomba, where descendents were known to be living in th
(K.Greenhalgh pers com 2008). The children’s mother reputedly had a fall a few day
children being born. One was stillborn and the other died soon after birth.
A check of Genealogical Society
09037C P 49
Site integrity
ts on the low
f this site. It is, however, that once the plough zone soil is removed the grave/s may be
more evident.
d present a range of management issues. They
range from the complex – Acland No 2 Colliery – to the relatively straight forward sites, such as the
McIntyre grave.
The inability of informants to clearly indicate the exact position of the graves reflec
integrity o
4.2 Conclusion
The sites identified within MDL 244 are diverse an
09037C P 50
5.0 Comparative Analysis
A comparative analysis is an examination of a place in relation to similar places and is
the understanding of significance, in particular to establish the rarity and represen
place. In this instance the comparative
used to assist
tativeness of a
analysis is focused upon the site in general but with specific
pe. What
n population and the structures within the town
either decay or are relocated. In the case of Acland the decline has, thus far, been gradual, extending
ed large locally resident populations. In the latter part of the
on mining but
Kuridala offer
kilometres of
thriving towns
es in the early
s reflected by
decline of fortunes at Mungana near Chillagoe, the gold mining towns of Maytown and
Palmerville, and the former coal mining settlement at Mount Mulligan, near Mareeba. The same
and Hatches
ctoria and NE
ere were
alternative occupations available to sustain at least some of the population. While towns like Mount
Morgan in central Queensland and Ravenswood and Chillagoe in the state’s northeast have seen
their populations reduce substantially over the years they have continued to exist to some degree
through agriculture and tourism. In the two latter examples rejuvenated mining activity has enabled
at leas stabilize their populations.
attention to the town and to the Acland mines.
It is uncommon for an entire town to be physically removed from the cultural landsca
usually happens is that towns gradually decline i
since the 1980s when the last of the district’s mines closed.
Many rural mines once support
twentieth century Acland was a thriving, but quite small, town where the focus was
with strong links to its farming activities.
In Northwest Queensland the former copper mining towns of Mount Cuthbert and
interesting comparative opportunities to Acland. Both are within about 150
Cloncurry: Mount Cuthbert to the north and Kuridala to the south. They were
focused entirely on the adjacent copper mines and smelters. When falling copper pric
twentieth century caused the mines to close the towns rapidly fell into decay. This i
the similar
comments can be made of many similar mining activities interstate from Arltunga
Creek in the Northern Territory to various gold mining townships in Central Vi
Tasmania.
In some cases the total desertion of former mining towns has been stemmed because th
them to t
09037C P 51
The common thread to all the examples outlined is the towns have been unable
themselves after mining activities declined. In the extreme cases (Mount Cuthbert,
evidence remains within the cultural landscape as little more than archaeological ruins
Mount Morgan, Ravens
to sustain
Maytown etc)
. In places like
wood and Chillagoe that archaeological heritage lies among modern dwellings
y of high-
speed access to major centres (10 minutes to Oakey and 40 minutes to Toowoomba). It is a
e.
ly identified. A
ghts no comparable listings.
worst mining
was the last
ding the wash
ctober 2008,
:30). Integrity was deteriorating
e site and its
r inclusion on
h Wales several ‘coal mines’ are listed, but few are accompanied by useful detail. They
include Glenrock and Blackheath Glen Coal mine although the limited descriptions available suggest
as a site
suggests it is
‘Once in Victoria Creek keep an eye out for the coal mine, which is driven into the right (east) bank
of the creek, just above a waterfall, which has a vertical drop of about 2.5 metres. The mine opening
is very obvious once you reach it. The narrow mine goes straight into the seam for about 30
. One w nders how on earth Mr Rienits and friends managed to transport the coal out of
here and back to Blackheath or Mt Victoria’ (http://www.pnc.com.au/~wells/Blackheath.html
and commercial properties.
Acland reflects elements of declining local employment opportunities and the availabilit
relatively recent town having been established in the 1920s primarily as a railway service centr
Underground coalmines of the same level of intactness as Acland No 2 are less easi
search of the Queensland Heritage Register, for example, highli
Notwithstanding that, it is understood that a listing for Mount Mulligan, scene of the
disaster in Queensland, is under consideration for listing as an archaeological place.
The Burgowan No 12 Coalmine, Torbanlea operated from 1960 until 1997. It
operational mine on the Burrum Coalfield. A substantial infrastructure remains inclu
plant, crusher, pithead gantry, winding shed, workshops and store. A report, in O
noted that the site ‘remains relatively intact’ (Archaeo [Barrett] 2008
through vandalism and lack of maintenance. It further noted the intactness of th
archaeological potential. The possibility that it may reach threshold requirements fo
the Queensland Heritage Register was also mooted (Archaeo [Barrett] 2008:33).
In New Sout
they are in a substantially deteriorated state. Rienits Coal Mine (MW486796) is noted
worthy of visiting in a bushwalk guide to the Blackheath area but the site description
far from intact.
metres o
).
09037C P 52
Glenrock retains individual elements of archaeological interest and opportunity to reflect on aspects
of the development of historical mining but appears to have no major infrastructure still in situ
(Ireland 2003).
gnificant relict
s, Jimbunna, and Outtrim
’.
Tasmania’s convict coalmine at Saltwater Creek is an exceptional example of an early 19th century
uildings.
rtance due to its retained intactness and operational duration.
important, in
onstrate both
immediately raises is how best to manage these sites. Given the extent and nature
y be managed
as opportunity
issues arise.
actness.
a form and
g proceeds in
the Project area then the town will, eventually, disappear and not leave cultural markers on the
ground as is the case with the several examples cited. Probably greater parallels can be drawn with
al disap earance of the Griffith and Red Dome mines, near Mungana, north Queensland in
the 1980 -1990s, which were consumed by the expansion of the huge Red Dome open cut. Nearly
all archaeological information was lost about those mines. The planned development in MDL244
Victorian listings include a greater number of coalmines but few contain si
infrastructure with the notable exception of Wonthaggi. Most, like Mitchell’
coalmines contain mullock heaps, some footings or are in a ’poor state of preservation
mine but its features are primarily stone b
5.1 Rarity and Representativeness
Acland No 2 is clearly a site of impo
The smaller mines of Acland No 1 / Beith, Sugarloaf and Willeroo No 2 are possibly
particular, for their archaeological potential.
They are, then, to varying degrees all mines of some heritage significance. They dem
rarity and, particularly in Acland No 2’s case, a high standard of representativeness.
The question this
of the coal deposits in the Acland area the smaller, less intact mines can reasonabl
through surface documentation by archaeologists and limited underground recording,
and safety
Acland No2 is clearly a site of both rarity and demonstrates a high degree of int
Management strategies to deal with this are clearly essential and are discussed in detail subsequently
in this report.
The town of Acland demonstrates no particular rarity values. In many respects it is of
character well entrenched in the rural landscapes of Australia. If open cut coal minin
the tot p
09037C P 53
ates such a
level of impact given that alternative methods of mining are not viable. These are provided below.
indicates a similar outcome. What is needed is a set of management strategies that mitig
09037C P 54
6.0 Significance Assessment
An assessment of significance is carried out to determine and establish the level of
value that a place, site or item may have to the community. Assessments of significanc
an understanding of a place’s history together with a phy
importance or
e are based on
sical analysis and an appreciation of the
a site possesses.
1992 criteria
h the nature of the sites’
significance (historic, aesthetic, architectural, technical, social or scientific) and to establish the
degree of that significance (representativeness, rarity, condition and interpretative value).
ge significance inherent in these bodies’ criteria,
the Queensland Heritage Act 1992 (as amended to 31 March 2008) sets out specific tests for
ct, a place may be entered in
b) demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland’s cultural heritage;
hat will contribute to an understanding of Queensland’s
history;
important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places;
f) is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular
period;
a stron or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social,
cultural or spiritual reasons;
comparative level of rarity or representativeness that
6.1 Determining Cultural Heritage Significance
Cultural heritage significance is generally assessed using the Queensland Heritage Act
and best practice initiatives such as the ICOMOS Burra Charter to establis
6.1.1 Assessment Criteria
Whilst consistent with the notions of cultural herita
considering places of State heritage value. Under Section 35 of this A
the register if it satisfies one or more of the following criteria:
a) is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland’s history;
c) has potential to yield information t
d) is
e) important because of its aesthetic significance;
g) has g
09037C P 55
h) has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organization of
importance in Queensland’s history.
t archaeological sites ‘may
place –
is not a State heritage place; and has potential to contain an archaeological artefact that
assessment of
extent of the
wledge is not
Accordingly, the site’s potential archaeological
more obvious
ound features.
hinery footings
emonstrate no
ity
ormer industrial plants wherein an understanding of the
the site and its
andoned site.
6.1.3 Other Relevant Aspects of the Legislation
equires that the discoverer of ‘an archaeological
artefact that is an important source of information about an aspect of Queensland’s history must
Section 154 provides the Minister with powers to issue ‘stop orders’ where works are considered
destructive of the cultural heritage significance of the place’.
Section 169 notes that a person convicted of an offence under the Act may be required to make
good any damage caused to a site.
6.1.2 Archaeological Potential
Recent amendments to the Queensland Heritage Act (s. 60) provide tha
be entered in the Queensland heritage register as an archaeological place if the
is an important source of information about Queensland’s history’.
Assessments of archaeological sites require a somewhat different approach to than
more general cultural heritage sites such as largely intact buildings, because the
archaeological resource and the degree to which it can contribute to our kno
necessarily clear at the beginning of the process.
significance and its ability to reveal information are discussed alongside the other
discussions relating to the sites cultural heritage significance.
Archaeological features are considered to be both sub-surface features and abovegr
They may, for example, comprise a former mine site where only mullock heaps, mac
and evidence of former transport links remain. Archaeological sites may equally d
tangible evidence at or above the surface: a collapsed well for example. There is also the possibil
of archaeological remains being identified in f
application of industrial process evaluation processes may help enhance knowledge of
function. Archaeological appraisal is often the only record that may remain about an ab
Section 89 of the Queensland Heritage Act 1992 r
give the Chief Executive (of EPA Queensland) a notice under this section’.
09037C P 56
In the current context there is only one site identified as being of state heritage significance. Acland
No 2 colliery was placed on the Queensland Heritage Register in 2007.
f impact, plans
tion is seen as
asible and prudent
proach is consistent with heritage management best practices.
ually. There is,
Europeans in
century that draws all the sites discussed here that does justify some introductory
re than is applied in subsequent site assessments
within this report.
wing sites are discussed specifically:
n landscape;
wn area;
park and war memorial;
iery;
ine;
ith mine;
;
l site;
Railway;
Sabine;
McIntyre grave; and,
Wells childrens’ graves.
Applications detailing the proposed works and accompanied by reasoned statements o
and mitigation intended are required. The approval process, particularly where demoli
the only option, is extensive and is often expedited only if there is no fe
alternative, that the proposed ap
6.2 Nature of Significance
Historical sites within MDL 244 are so disparate as to justify being dealt with individ
however, the overarching cultural landscape that has evolved since colonization by
mid-nineteenth
comments and an evaluation of a more general natu
Within MDL 244 the follo
The agraria
Acland to
Acland
Acland Coll
Sugarloaf m
Be
Willeroo No 2
Summer Hill hote
09037C P 57
6.2.1 The agrarian landscape
ment are the
hanges can be
ough time. An
example, that
the form of
habitation, the technologies applied and the social structure of a community affects the spatial
gently rolling
uare miles) to
change with open cut coal mining anticipated to eradicate
ever-changing
ication of the
nd and turned
uropeans have had a more visually dramatic effect on
of coal and the subsequent rehabilitation is, in actuality, simply part of an
ongoing dynamic of the landscape. The current phase is one deserving of recording as part of the
dyna
the evolution or pattern of Queensland’s history
ll underground
mines, a township (Acland), a network of minor roads and tracks, and a former railway line provides
a snapshot in the development of a cultural landscape.
There is to be a dramatic visual impact as the open cut mine develops to produce a ‘new cultural
landscape’. The present form of the cultural landscape provides an opportunity to identify the point
The various socio-economic experiences now entrenched in the physical environ
tangible evidence of an evolving rural settlement. Throughout the world those c
discerned; but each country and region leaves its own unique imprints and trails thr
English rural scene is as easily identified as being distinct from a region in China, for
may well produce similar goods. Cultural and environmental differences influence
distribution of infrastructure.
Acland district and the Darling Downs as a whole reflect this broad premise. The
landscape that has, until recently, supported holdings around 64 (160 acres or 0.25 sq
80 hectares or more is to dramatically
those farms. Dwellings, sheds, tracks and roads, fences and yards along with the
patterns of crops on the landscape will disappear.
That process is part of the evolution of the cultural landscape. Aboriginal modif
landscape was subtler, but their use of fire, for example, altered forest and woodla
lightly timbered savanna into open grassland. E
Australia. The extraction
mic of Australia’s cultural landscape and land use5.
Criterion a: Historic Significance
The place is important in demonstrating
The extant, predominantly agrarian, landscape within which are several relatively sma
5 Beal 1993 provides a comprehensive evaluation of the evolution of the landscape in the former Rosalie Shire.
09037C P 58
at which change is likely to occur. The existing landscape provides a tangible, but impermanent,
record of modifications that have occurred since the mid/ late 19th century.
closely settled
mples of older
lating to more
anned expansion is affected will
patial patterns of the Australian landscape.
e at a local/regional level.
Criterion b: Rarity
ltural heritage
land district is
The farming practices now
modern
laces it is still
along the former railway line, disused since 1964.
e, in its broadest sense, is typical of agricultural development in medium to low
el. What is rare is the dramatic change that will eventuate as
the open cut mining expands across the land.
Overall level of Rarity
It is at a local/regional level.
Criterion c: Research Significance
The place has potential to reveal information that will contribute to an understanding of
Queensland’s history
The area within MDL 244 demonstrates many of the attributes of now relatively
mixed farming in the Darling Downs. It is locally significant as there are numerous exa
dwellings and work related structures - sheds, yards, fences that coexist with those re
modern agricultural technology. The changes about to occur if the pl
strongly demonstrate the evolving s
Overall level of Historic Significance
It is of moderate significanc
The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland’s cu
Agricultural practices are influenced in many ways. The agrarian landscape of the Ac
affected to the point it will be eliminated by the proposed open cut mine.
employed in MDL 244 are not unique. They represent a wide range of responses to
agriculture from contour ploughing to retention of natural bush buffer zones. In p
possible to see the original fence lines
The existing landscap
rainfall areas at the State or regional lev
of low significance
09037C P 59
The current land use, and the way in which it has been modified by European settlement, is notable
in that it will be changed dramatically. A pictorial record will ensure that research potential is
retained.
research into
umenting that
develop it, may provide a useful research tool for
aeological research.
nce
a local/regional level.
Criterion d: Representativeness
l
The Acland district cultural landscape demonstrates the regional characteristics of the Eastern
Darling Downs. There are extensive areas that will continue to represent the current cultural
is landscape.
Overall level of Historic Significance
It is of low e Eastern Darling Downs as a whole retains a
significant amount of mixed farming land of similar form.
The place is important because of its aesthetic significance
Aesthetic values are very much those in the eyes of the beholder. Rolling landscapes that change
seasonally can weave a fascinating tapestry of pattern and colour but that can be said of most rural
landscapes.
The existing landscape and the changes that will eventually provide opportunity for
previous and extant land use that will change significantly in the next few years. Doc
change, as distinct from challenging any right to
future geographic, historical and arch
Overall level of Research Significa
It is of low significance at
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultura
places
(agrarian) landscape. It is the change that will eventuate that is the unique feature of th
significance at a local/regional level as th
Criterion e: Aesthetic Significance
09037C P 60
Overall level of Historic Significance
e pleasing aesthetic
attributes as crops grow and ripen, but these are consistent of attributes to be seen elsewhere.
Criterion f: T
important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a
t reflect attributes of a particularly high degree of creativity.
At most it does demonstrate the ability of rural interests to exploit a particular environment within
its cultural, economic and technical parameters.
Overall level of Technical/Scientific Significance
It is not significant.
al group for
a high degree of stability of population over several generations.
Many of those third and fourth generation families will need to relocate. There are varying degrees
of social and emotional attachment to the district.
Overall level of Social Significance
It is level.
The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or
organization of importance in Queensland’s history.
The district has not demonstrated a strong association with any person or group of importance at
the national or state levels.
It is of low significance at a local/regional level. The region demonstrates som
echnical/Scientific Significance
The place is
particular period.
The Acland agrarian landscape does no
Criterion g: Social Significance
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultur
social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
The Acland district has enjoyed
of moderate significance at a local/regional
Criterion h: Associative Significance
09037C P 61
It can be claimed that various pioneer families in the region have a strong and special
with the area. They include several families still residing locally, but the same claim
virtually anywhere. The recording of the
association
s can be made
history of Acland district and its deposit in the State Library
of Queensland will adequately mitigate this issue.
cance
e at a local/regional level.
ously evolving
those of more
cape is significant as an evolving example of the dynamics of rural Australia.
e landscape has local significance for its intactness and long-term association
to the north,
the west. It contains a
gs extending from early timber homes to three modern brick houses,
industrial sheds, a former shop, school, churches and community halls. All are fairly typical of the
range and form of such structures likely to be Australia.
Criterion a: Historic Significance
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland’s history
andard settlement pattern for rural Australian townships.
Ove
It is of low significance at local/regional level.
on b: Ra ity
The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland’s cultural heritage.
Overall level of Associative Signifi
It is of low significanc
Significance statement
The agrarian landscape of the Acland district demonstrates characteristics of a continu
cultural landscape. Older, and sometimes abandoned, farm buildings are set among
recent origins. The lands
Notwithstanding that th
with some pioneering families.
6.2.2 Acland town area
The town of Acland is defined here as the settlement contained by Church Street
Clark Street to the south, William Street to the east and King Street to
disparate range of dwellin
found virtually anywhere in rural
Acland reflects a st
rall level of Historic Significance:
Criteri r
09037C P 62
The town of Acland demonstrates standard characteristics of rural townships both in form and
content.
Overall level of Rarity
cal/regional level.
Crit
The place has potential to reveal information that will contribute to an understanding of
tion likely to
derstanding of State or regional history beyond what information can be
ews complemented with archival and library research (see
recommendations below).
el of Research Significance:
nsidered to contain levels of significance for this criteria at local, State or
Nat
Criterion d: Representativeness
s important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural
wns of similar
ction to it.
tativeness:
Acland township is not considered to contain levels of significance for this criteria at local, State or
National levels.
on e: Ae thetic Significance
The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.
It is of low significance at lo
erion c: Research Significance
Queensland’s history
Acland township demonstrates no particular attributes which could reveal informa
contribute to an un
gathered from oral history intervi
Overall lev
Acland township is not co
ional levels.
The place i
places
Acland township demonstrates basically similar characteristics to those of other to
size and fun
Overall level of Represen
Criteri s
09037C P 63
Acland township, with the notable exclusion of the current park, which is discussed
demonstrates no outstanding aesthetic attributes. Its broad streets are either grassed
planted in some locations with street trees but lack of maintenance in recent times
their aesthetic attributes. A handful of older dwellings reflect aesthetic attributes
subsc
separately,
or have been
has minimized
for those who
ribe to the nostalgic imagery of abandoned timber and iron homes dating from early in the 20th
Acland township is not considered to contain levels of significance for this criteria at local, State or
Criterion f: T ntific Significance
hievement at a
forms are of standard style demonstrating technical
Overall level of Technical/Scientific Significance:
Acland township is not considered to contain levels of significance for this criteria at local, State or
National level
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for
church groups
d organizations like the CWA and farming and mining groups.
Since the closure of Acland Colliery (Nos 1, 2 and 3) in 1984 and the other smaller mines in the
rior Ac y retirement and dormitory town. At the time of the study
there were no operating businesses in town (for example: general store, post office, service station
etc).
century.
Overall level of Aesthetic Significance:
National levels.
echnical/Scie
The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical ac
particular period.
The remaining buildings, their layout and their
characteristics to be found in many modest dwellings that survive in rural Australia.
s.
Criterion g: Social Significance
social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
Like many rural towns any special association is linked with its social groups, such as
an
years p land had become a largel
09037C P 64
It is acknowledged that former residents speak with affection of their time in Acland, howe
one person ha
ver, only
s expressed particularly strong association with the township through consultation
during this project.
Overall level of Social Significance:
nsidered to contain levels of significance for this criteria at local, State or
Crit
The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or
particular
story. At the regional level there are
clearly associations with pioneering families and that their work was significant in developing the
red one that would justify retention of the town of Acland. A
Overall level of Associative Significance:
Acland township is not considered to contain levels of significance for this criteria at local, State or
land lies more in being an example of a rural town with declining
economic importance than with its form or its buildings. In addition, it holds strong memories and
association for those who have lived there for much of their lives thus giving it local significance.
6.2.3 Acland park and war memorial
The former railway reserve has been transformed into a pleasant park in which is the war memorial,
unveiled in 1991.
Criterion a: Historic Significance
Acland township is not co
National levels.
erion h: Associative Significance
organization of importance in Queensland’s history.
The town of Acland does not demonstrate a strong association with the life or work of a
person, group or organization of importance in Queensland’s hi
area but that association is not conside
comprehensive history would adequately, and fittingly, address that issue.
National levels.
Significance statement
The significance of the town of Ac
09037C P 65
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland’s history
his process is
a detailed history of the town and environs would be an
excellent way of recognizing that historical role.
ce
ificance at a local/regional level.
Crit
ge
e park will be
lost if coal mining is undertaken. Plans to relocate the war memorial, while not the ultimate choice,
are realistic and consistent in dealing with its importance. The tendency to shift war memorials as
atively common (see, for example, Cairns and Oakey war memorials both of
Overall level of Rarity
Acland township is not considered to contain levels of significance for this criteria at local, State or
National level
derstanding of
d by the efforts of a local resident. Further investigations of the work put
l may contribute to a better understanding of aspects of the local history.
Overall level of Research Significance:
t consid red significant.
Criterion d: Representativeness
Acland’s growth and demise are typical of many small towns in regional Queensland. T
not uncommon and the provision of
Overall level of Historic Significan
It is of low sign
erion b: Rarity
The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland’s cultural herita
Parks and war memorials are virtually endemic features of Australian rural towns. Th
places develop is rel
which have been moved previously).
s.
Criterion c: Research Significance
The place has potential to reveal information that will contribute to an un
Queensland’s history
The place was develope
into the site by Mrs Beute
It is no e
09037C P 66
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural
places
The place demonstrates basic characteristics of small recreational areas in regional towns.
nt.
Crit
in regional towns to have pleasing
ark a place to
Towns Awards, primarily through the efforts of the late
Mrs Beutel. The town was the recipient of the first ever overall ‘Tidy Town Award’ in 1988/89 (Tidy
ance of Acland
since then have resulted in some loss of character.
While the park and war memorial have pleasing physical attributes they are not outstanding in their
l/regional level primarily because of the presence of a relatively
rece oderate State
sign naugural Statewide winner of the now popular Tidy Towns Awards.
The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a
particular period.
Mrs Beutel’s efforts reflect the consistent efforts she made to ensure the park and memorial came
to fruition during the late twentieth century.
Overall level of representativeness:
It is not considered significa
erion e: Aesthetic Significance
The place is important because of its aesthetic significance
The park is a reflection upon the desire for Queenslander’s living
‘green spaces’ in which to relax and, in the case of the war memorial within the p
reflect on those former residents who served in various armed conflicts.
The town of Acland received several Tidy
Towns 1988-89:1). Unfortunately the drought and the progressive decline in import
form and presentation.
Overall level of Aesthetic Significance
It is of moderate significance at a loca
ntly erected war memorial and its award winning status. The town is of m
ificance as the i
Criterion f: Technical/Scientific Significance
09037C P 67
Overall level of Technical/Scientific Significance
It is not considered significant.
Criterion g: Social Significance
special association with a particular community or cultural group for
e to the local community primarily because of the presence of a war
memorial which, although constructed relatively recently, remembers those who served in the
licts.
vel of Social Significance
icance at a local/regional level primarily because of the presence of the
war memorial.
Crit
rial have strong association with Mrs Thelma Beutel who worked long and hard
to develop the place into what it ultimately became. Although still maintained by one of her sons,
suffered from the recent drought conditions. Mrs Beutel’s
noteworthy in any historical account that may ultimately be
prepared.
Significance statement
gnificanc of the public park and war memorial within the town of Acland lie in the
importance of the war memorial as a memorial to those locals who have served in major military
conflicts. The untiring efforts of one local resident in developing the adjacent park are noteworthy
The place has a strong or
social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
The place has social significanc
military during major armed conf
Overall le
It is of moderately high signif
erion h: Associative Significance
The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or
organization of importance in Queensland’s history.
The park and memo
Glen Beutel, and by Council it has
contribution to the town’s facilities is
Overall level of Associative Significance
It is of low significance at a local/regional level.
The si e
09037C P 68
and commendable. Acland’s prominence as Queensland’s first overall ‘Tidy town’ enhances its
significance as a rural place.
2 colliery is the only Queensland coal mine currently listed on the Queensland
ed minimal
ject of various
of a small coal
... a rare and unique survivor of its kind... the best conserved historical coal mining site in
ll-scale coal
Wallin commented that ‘the majority of the history resulting from the mining operation has been
gnall and Mate’s more
character of the place;
Was only ever a small coalmine in one of the lowest yielding fields in the State;
hroughout the
Has a very high level of scientific significance (Pragnell & Mate 2007:40).
They concluded that it reached State heritage listing under several criteria, which was subsequently
born by Grimwade (2007)
which report confirmed its importance.
Criterion a: Historic Significance
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland’s history
6.2.4 Acland Colliery
The Acland No
Heritage Register.
While no site can be expected to survive indefinitely Acland No 2 has suffer
deterioration since its closure as a mine over twenty years ago. It has been the sub
heritage assessments since then. Pearson (1994) noted it was ‘an excellent example
mine.
Queensland .... and extremely important in demonstrating the characteristics of sma
mining’.
recorded and preserved at the Acland No 2 colliery (Wallin 1999). Pra
focused, and thus comprehensive, study stated:
The aesthetics of Acland No 2 colliery are an important part of the
[It] was (probably) the longest operating coal mine in Queensland;
Is only marginally associated with the major events that occurred in coal production t
20th century; and
out by its inclusion on the sate heritage Register after being re-evaluated
09037C P 69
The Queensland Heritage Register notes that:
erground mine e and type, of mines like the
Acland Colliery became less common during the 1960s due to changes in the scale and
hnology insofar mechanization. ceased with the
introduction of aboveground screening plants and picking belts. These were used at Acland No t. Picking belts,
mer work practices that were common in coal mining. Miners were employed under contact and paid on the basis of the weight of coal they excavated. The weighbridge and tally desk used for this purpose are intact at the Acland mine.
s/placeDetail.html
The Former Acland No 2 Colliery (1929 - 1984) is important in demonstrating the evolution ofQueensland's coal mining industry. The former Acland colliery, a small undoriginally opened to supply Queensland Government Railways is typical, in scalcoalmines that were common prior to the late 1950s. Small underground
technology of mining. The mine is also important in demonstrating the development of mining tecthat it illustrates a transitional phase between hand mining methods and full The practice of sorting and sizing of coal by hand, commonly at the coalface,
2 Colliery where the picking belt and part of the screen assembly remain intacin turn, were rendered obsolete by mechanical washing plants such as jigs. The mine also retains physical evidence of for
(http://www.epa.qld.gov.au/chim : 2008)
of Historic Significance:
It is
nd’s cultural heritage
Th
d for its high degree of intactness as an early small underground coalmine. It is the most intact mine site of its age and type in Queensland. It is also a rare example of a mine demonstrating a transitional phase between hand and fully mechanized mining. The mine has an intact picking belt used to separate rock from coal and to crush oversized pieces of coal by hand before the advent of mechanical washing plants. (http://www.epa.qld.gov.au/chims/placeDetail.html
Overall level
highly significant at the State level.
Criterion b: Rarity
The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensla
e Queensland Heritage Register notes that:
The Acland No 2 Colliery is rare in Queenslan
: 2008)
09037C P 70
Overall level of Rarity
It is highly significant at the State level.
Criterion c: Research Significance
ial to reveal information that will contribute to an understanding of
research of its
The intactness of the infrastructure is such
that there is significant opportunity to gain a greater understanding of the technological processes
that applied in mines of this capacity in the early to mid 20th century.
Overall level of Research Significance:
It is significant at the State level.
Criterion d: Representativeness
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural
Th
ll underground ness, the mine
ine. Intact lage system including the tramway and cable
system; the pithead structure and virtually all of the coal processing and handling machinery; and most of the ancillary buildings. Mining machines that were used underground in the mine
cluding a coal loader, two Jenbach diesel locomotives and metal coal skips, all dating to the 1950s. Extensive documentary records and plans associated with
cluding pay books dating to the opening of the mine in 1929. (http://www.epa.qld.gov.au/chims/placeDetail.html
The place has potent
Queensland’s history
Although unlisted for this criterion the site has clearly identifiable opportunity for
archaeological attributes both above, and below, ground.
places
e Queensland Heritage Register notes that:
The mine is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of smacoalmines of the early to mid-20th Century. Due to its high degree of intactillustrates almost the complete mining process as it was carried out at the mstructures and machinery include the coal hau
remain extant on the site in
the mine remain extant in: 2008)
Overall level of Representativeness
It is highly significant at the State level.
09037C P 71
Criterion e: Aesthetic Significance
The place is important because of its aesthetic significance
may appeal to
n with its rustic charm
ghted are evocative elements of past mining activities.
al/regional level.
Criterion f: T
hievement at a
ed a high degree of creativity etc. It was an efficient,
that utilized technology consistent with its size and times.
ical/Scientific Significance:
It is
Criterion g: Social Significance
ltural group for
social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
Former Acland residents and workers may, arguably retain nostalgic links with their place of abode
ggest that association has continued as a particularly strong
Overall level of Social Significance:
It is of low significance at a local/regional level.
Criterion h: Associative Significance
Aesthetic attributes are very much a matter of personal taste. Industrial complexes
those with specific interests in technology. The view of the pithead at sundow
and substantial timbers strongly highli
Overall level of Aesthetic Significance:
It is of moderate significance at a loc
echnical/Scientific Significance
The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical ac
particular period.
There is no evidence that the site demonstrat
small underground mine
Overall level of Techn
not considered significant.
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cu
&/or work. There is no reason to su
bond.
09037C P 72
The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or
organization of importance in Queensland’s history.
is no known association with a particular person or group that might justify listing against this
criterion.
ative Significance
ignificant.
actness and rarity. It is an excellent example of an
dating from the early 20th century. The structures and associated portable
heaps and a
more noted the existence of the
are easily
ortals as are the foundations of the winding house and
a boiler which served all three of the mine’s tunnels’ (Whitmore 1991: 249).7
There is every possibility that the shafts and drives may contain archaeologically significant elements:
timbering, drives and associated abandoned equipment.
story
tributed to the
ment of coal mining in the region, primarily by providing coal for the railways.
There
Overall level of associ
It is not considered s
Significance statement
The Acland No 2 Colliery is significant for its int
underground colliery
artefacts are important records of coal mining technology.
6.2.5 Sugarloaf mine
Sugarloaf mine was operational until 1966 (Whitmore 1991:249). Several mullock
timber framed dwelling on low stumps remain on the site. Whit
‘No 1 and No 2 tunnels, situated to the east of the Oakey to Cooyar railway and
identified by their heapsteads6 and collapsed p
Criterion a: Historic Significance
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland’s hi
Sugarloaf was a relatively small and short lived mine that, nonetheless, con
develop
6 ‘Heapstead’ is a 19th century coal mining term used in the north of England. It is defined as ‘the elevated platform near the shaft above the surface upon which the tubs are landed and run to the screens’
digogroup co.uk/durhamdialect/mining1888.htm(www.in . ) which notes ‘abridged from W.E.Nicholson A Glossary of Terms used in the Coal Trade of Northumberland and Durham (Newcastle: Andrew Reid, 1888). Nicholson recognises and draws on a previous list of mining words, G.C.Greenwell's 1849 glossary with the same title’. 7 A heavy storm just before a planned inspection in November 2008 precluded the opportunity to update Whitmore’s information.
09037C P 73
Overall level of Historic Significance:
It is of low significance at a local/regional level.
Criterion b: Rarity
ueensland’s cultural heritage
vidence that the Sugarloaf mine demonstrates any rarity values.
Crit ignificance
derstanding of
ence that is likely to contribute to a greater knowledge of the
ntieth century.
ch Significance:
It is rch potential.
monstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural
places
small local coalmines in Queensland.
Overall level of Representativeness:
It is of moderate local significance and has a low significance at the state level.
Aesthetic Significance
The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Q
There is no known e
Overall level of Rarity
It is not considered significant.
erion c: Research S
The place has potential to reveal information that will contribute to an un
Queensland’s history
The site contains archaeological evid
site and to better understand operational practices of small coalmines of the mid twe
Overall level of Resear
moderately significant at both a regional and state level for its archaeological resea
Criterion d: Representativeness
The place is important in de
The Sugarloaf mine is representative of
Criterion e:
09037C P 74
The place is important because of its aesthetic significance
Arguably, the
monstrates some aesthetic attributes but these are not considered
to be high enough to justify retention.
and at state levels.
Crit
The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a
rticular period.
mine is an example of high creativity or technical
achievement.
ical/Scientific Significance
It is
Criterion g: Social Significance
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for
social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
There is no evidence to suggest Sugarloaf mine has a continuing strong association with any group.
Overall level of Technical/Scientific Significance
It is
Criterion h: Associative Significance
The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or
organiz tion of importance in Queensland’s history.
There are no elements considered to have a high degree of aesthetic value.
deteriorating timber cottage de
Overall level of Aesthetic Significance
It has a low significance at the local
erion f: Technical/Scientific Significance
pa
There is no evidence to suggest Sugarloaf
Overall level of Techn
not considered significant.
not considered significant.
a
09037C P 75
There is no evidence to suggest Sugarloaf mine has a special association with any person or group
important to Queensland or the region
Overall level of Associative Significance
ant.
Sugarloaf Mine site is significant as an archaeological place that may provide useful information on
oalmines.
lso known as Beith mine (K Greenhalgh: pers com 2008). Little surface evidence
of the mullock heaps are still evident and a few footings remain
(Whitmore 1991: 249).
former mines Acland No 1 /Beith has the potential to provide archaeological
workings. It was a relatively small and short lived mine that,
nonetheless, contributed to the development of coal mining in the region, primarily by providing
coal for the railways.
Overall level of Historic Significance
It is of low significance at a local/regional level.
Criterion b: Rarity
The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland’s cultural heritage
There is no known evidence that the Acland No 1 /Beith mine demonstrates any rarity values.
It is not considered signific
Significance statement
the nature and form of small c
6.2.6 Acland No 1 (Beith) mine
Acland No 1 was a
of the mine remains. Parts
Criterion a: Historic Significance
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland’s history
As with other
information from its underground
09037C P 76
Overall level of Rarity
It is not considered significant.
Criterion c: Research Significance
ial to reveal information that will contribute to an understanding of
ite possibly contains archaeological evidence that is likely to contribute to a greater knowledge
of the site and to better understand operational practices of small coalmines of the mid twentieth
Overall level of Research Significance:
It is moderately significant at both a regional and state level for its archaeological research potential.
Criterion d: Representativeness
a particular class of cultural
It is of moderate local significance and has a low significance at the state level.
Criterion e: Aesthetic Significance
use of its aesthetic significance
o have a high degree of aesthetic value.
Overall level of Aesthetic Significance:
t consid red significant.
Criterion f: Technical/Scientific Significance
The place has potent
Queensland’s history
The s
century.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of
places
The Acland No 1 /Beith mine is representative of small local coalmines in Queensland.
Overall level of Representativeness
The place is important beca
There are no elements considered t
It is no e
09037C P 77
The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a
particular period.
ence to suggest Acland No 1 /Beith mine is an example of high creativity or
technical achievement.
ical/Scientific Significance:
ficant.
Crit
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for
social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
Acland No 1 /Beith mine has a continuing strong association with
any group.
ificance:
It is
Criterion h: Associative Significance
ion with the life or work of a particular person, group or
’s history.
suggest Acland No 1 /Beith mine has a special association with any person
or group important to Queensland or the region.
It is not considered significant.
Significance statement
No 1 eith mine site is significant as an archaeological place that may provide useful
information on the nature and form of small coalmines.
There is no evid
Overall level of Techn
It is not considered signi
erion g: Social Significance
There is no evidence to suggest
Overall level of Social Sign
not considered significant.
The place has a special associat
organization of importance in Queensland
There is no evidence to
Overall level of Associative Significance:
Acland /B
09037C P 78
6.2.7 Willeroo No 2
mullock heaps were spread
across the farmlands on which the mine was situated (K. Greenhalgh pers com 2008).
archaeological
relatively small and short lived mine but one that
ment of coal mining in the region.
Crit
rn of Queensland’s history
The mine made a small, local contribution to the development of the region.
Overall level of Historic Significance
It is of low significance at a local/regional level.
monstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland’s cultural heritage
e that the Willeroo No 2 mine demonstrates any rarity values.
It is t all levels.
The place has potential to reveal information that will contribute to an understanding of
Queensland’s history
The site possibly contains archaeological evidence that is likely to contribute to a greater knowledge
of the site and to better understand operational practices of small coalmines of the mid twentieth
Virtually no surface evidence of the Willeroo No 2 mine remains. The
As with other former mines the Willeroo No 2 has the potential to provide
information from its underground remains. It was a
contributed to the develop
erion a: Historic Significance
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or patte
Criterion b: Rarity
The place de
There is no known evidenc
Overall level of Rarity
of no significance a
Criterion c: Research Significance
century.
09037C P 79
Overall level of Research Significance
It is of low significance at both a regional and state level for its archaeological research potential.
Criterion d: Representativeness
e place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural
The mine has been significantly destroyed at surface and is no longer representative of small local
It is of low significance at both a regional and state level.
Criterion e: Aesthetic Significance
of its aesthetic significance
onsidered to have a high degree of aesthetic value.
ficance
It is
a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a
particular period.
ggest the mine is an example of high creativity or technical achievement.
Overall level of Technical/Scientific Significance:
It is not considered significant.
o cance
Th
places
coalmines in Queensland.
Overall level of Representativeness
The place is important because
There are no elements c
Overall level of Aesthetic Signi
not considered significant.
Criterion f: Technical/Scientific Significance
The place is important in demonstrating
There is no evidence to su
Criterion g: S cial Signifi
09037C P 80
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for
social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
re is no evidence to suggest Willeroo No 2 mine has a continuing strong association with any
group.
Significance:
.
Crit
The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or
eensland’s history.
roo No 2 mine has a special association with any person or
group important to Queensland or the region.
sociative Significance:
Significance statement
gical place that
er Hill
of Lagoon Creek School. Little is currently known of the hotel itself although the Beutel family
relocated the ‘lemonade brewing room’ into Acland in 1975. It was re-erected on about Lot 47 or
48 on Church Street. While some modifications were apparently made at that time it is understood
to have followed the form of the original with only damaged timbers replaced. According to undated
es in the possession of Mr Glen Beutel
The
Overall level of Social
It is not considered significant
erion h: Associative Significance
organization of importance in Qu
There is no evidence to suggest Wille
Overall level of As
It is not considered significant.
Willeroo No 2 mine underground workings are possibly significant as an archaeolo
can provide some useful information on the nature and form of small coalmines.
6.2.8 Summer Hill hotel site
In the period leading up to the construction of the Oakey to Cooyar railway in 1912/13 Summ
hotel was a focus for coaches, for local residents and as a post office. It was about 1 kilometre north
file not
09037C P 81
The hut was an out building of the Summer Hill hotel situated about half a mile (about 800
drawn buggy went through from
ere were a few
t to be rebuilt
utcher shop still on what used to be the Connell property (Mill Glen) used to supply meat to road workers etc at 1.5 pence a pound (about 6c a kilogram). (Source G. Beutel
The site is marked with a deep, densely grassed, depression in an otherwise gently sloping paddock.
iginal cellar.
Criterion a: Historic Significance
tory
ce dotted the
orses were usually changed about every 15 or so kilometres. Some of the larger
coaching companies ran their own staging posts. Summer Hill hotel at Lagoon Creek, the original
name for Acland, also operated as the local post office. It is no longer extant. Only the site of the
of Historical Significance:
It is of low regional/ local significance.
onstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland’s cultural heritage
the many small coaching houses and public houses that once dotted the
structural integrity it is not seen as being particularly rare.
Overall level of Rarity
t consid red significant.
Criterion c: Research Significance
metres) west of Acland. It was the building used to make the soft drinks in. The mail was collected there hen the coach or horseJondaryan to Cooyar …. The hut was made by Mr Dennis O’Shea…. The Hotel was shifted to Acland and the hut was left on its old sight (sic). Thpeople lived in it for some years. In 1975 Mr Neil Connell whose property the hut was situated on gave the huin Acland. The Rosalie Shire gave permission and waived the permit fee. A b
2008).
This may have been the or
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland’s his
The hotel site is typical of the many small coaching houses and public houses that on
landscape. H
buildings remains
Overall level
Criterion b: Rarity
The place dem
The hotel site is typical of
landscape. As this site lacks
It is no e
09037C P 82
The place has potential to reveal information that will contribute to an understanding of
Queensland’s history
ter knowledge
better understand operational practices of rural hotels and staging posts of the
ogical research
lements of design and
construction form and possibly provide invaluable information on the range of products traded at
the site. This would certainly be the case if the bottle discards location can be identified.
Criterion d: Representativeness
l
None of the core structures remain. What representativeness that can be shown is limited to what
can provide.
tativeness:
It is not considered significant.
Criterion e: Aesthetic Significance
The place is important because of its aesthetic significance
s
Overall level of Aesthetic Significance
It is not considered significant.
Criterion f: Technical/Scientific Significance
The site possibly contains archaeological evidence that is likely to contribute to a grea
of the site and to
late nineteenth century.
Overall level of Research Significance
It is of moderate to high significance at both a regional and state level for its archaeol
potential. Archaeological excavation has the potential to identify e
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultura
places
the archaeological record
Overall level of Represen
The place has no aesthetic attribute
09037C P 83
The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a
particular period.
idence to suggest the site may have developed through any major creative or
technical attributes.
ical/Scientific Significance:
ficant.
Crit
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for
l, cultural or spiritual reasons.
original site of Acland there is no demonstrable level of social
significance.
ificance
It is
Criterion h: Associative Significance
has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or
in Queensland’s history.
with the early transport routes there is no significance by association that
can be demonstrated.
It is not considered significant.
Significance statement
r Hill h tel site is significant as an archaeological place that may provide useful comparative
information on the nature and form and material culture of way stations.
There is no ev
Overall level of Techn
It is not considered signi
erion g: Social Significance
socia
While the site is seen as the
Overall level of Social Sign
not considered significant.
The place
organization of importance
While the site has links
Overall level of Social Significance:
Summe o
09037C P 84
6.2.9 Railway line (disused)
h for its time.
By April 1912 the line reached Kulpi,
by November it was at Peranga and at Cooyar in April the following year.
timber cutting
moved
Acland No 2, and Sugarloaf mines were among
those developments that relied heavily upon the railway. The town of Sabine was surveyed, but
yar, but were
day, from 1929…. The
mber 1969 when dieselization of the railways
brought about closure of the coal mines which had kept this section open’ (Kerr 1998:114).
story
lines litter the cultural landscape of Australia. The expansions of the late 19th and early
ond half of the
oyar line is no
tion.
documented. Limited archaeological elements remain that are
o a better understanding of the evolution of its development and
Ove
It is of low significance at the local level.
Rarity
The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland’s cultural heritage
The extension of the Oakey to Cooyar railway was heralded as a major breakthroug
Construction started in 1912, after several years of lobbying.
The railway provided useful boosts for industrial development. The dairy industry,
and, eventually, coal mining were beneficiaries. Acland’s fledgling settlement of Lagoon Creek
to slightly higher ground. Acland No 1 (Beith) and
apparently developed only as a fettler’s camp and for a school.
Kerr notes that ‘mixed trains ran four times per week, stabling overnight at Coo
replaced by rail motor running from Cooyar to Toowoomba and return each
Oakey to Acland line remained open until 8 Dece
Criterion a: Historic Significance
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland’s hi
Branch rail
20th century are wide ranging and the subsequent closures of many railways in the sec
20th century are reflected in the history of many small settlements. The Oakey to Co
excep
The role of the line is relatively well
considered likely to contribute t
demise.
rall level of Historic Significance
Criterion b:
09037C P 85
The line does not demonstrate any rarity values.
Overall level of Rarity
It is not considered significant.
Crit
The place has potential to reveal information that will contribute to an understanding of
It is considered unlikely that the line will reveal information that will assist in better understanding
Overall level of Research Significance
It is not considered significant.
Criterion d: Representativeness
class of cultural
ith the associated infrastructure, some years ago. Sections of the
track bed remain, along with some rotting sleepers. What does remain does not demonstrate any
high degree of representativeness.
Overall level of Representativeness
It is not considered significant.
sthetic Significance
The place is important because of its aesthetic significance
The few sections of the track bed that remain do not add a significant aesthetic quality to the
l landsca e.
erion c: Research Significance
Queensland’s history
Queensland’s history
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular
places
The tracks were removed, along w
Criterion e: Ae
cultura p
09037C P 86
Overall level of Aesthetic Significance:
It is not considered significant.
Criterion f: Technical/Scientific Significance
important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a
significant feature of it was
the heritage listed, 250 meter long Muntapa tunnel 40 kilometres north of Oakey and thus well
ract for Place 602594, QHR EPA 2008).
Overall level of Technical/Scientific Significance:
It is not considered significant.
Crit
ltural group for
social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
There is no evidence to suggest any special association for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. The
land residents has diminished in the years since the line was closed
Overall level of Social Significance:
It is
The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or
organization of importance in Queensland’s history.
There is no evidence to suggest any special association with groups or individuals that would justify
retention.
The place is
particular period.
The Oakey – Cooyar line was a relatively standard branch line. The most
outside the Project area (Heritage Register ext
erion g: Social Significance
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cu
close association with Ac
not considered significant.
Criterion h: Associative Significance
09037C P 87
Overall level of Social Significance:
It is not considered significant.
Significance statement
as an archaeological feature on the landscape but is
ontribute further worthwhile information.
astral plans but oral evidence suggests that it was never fully
developed. There was a school there and some fettler’s cottages according to local residents
(Greenhalgh, Beutel and Weick pers com 2008).
Criterion a: Historic Significance
and’s history
pparently occurred at Sabine is interesting only in that it
nt commitment to encouraging settlement along railway corridors.
of Historic Significance
It is not consi
Criterion b: Rarity
The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland’s cultural heritage
Overall level of Rarity
It is nificant.
Criterion c: Research Significance
The place has potential to reveal information that will contribute to an understanding of
Queens nd’s history
The Oakey – Cooyar railway line is significant
unlikely to c
6.2.10 Sabine
The township of Sabine is shown on cad
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensl
The limited development that a
demonstrates Governme
Overall level
dered significant.
not considered sig
la
09037C P 88
There is a possibility that the fettlers’ cottage and school sites could be of some archaeological
interest. The extent to which that might be the case can only be determined with further archival
research.
Overall level of Research Significance
Probably low.
Crit
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural
The onstrate the principal characteristics of a railway township
due to the apparently limited infrastructure developed there.
Overall level of Representativeness
It is
of its aesthetic significance
nspiring area of flat, fairly low -lying ground.
Overall level of Aesthetic Significance
It is significant.
The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a
particular period.
Sabine demonstrates no attributes in respect of this criterion.
Indeterminate significance.
erion d: Representativeness
places
re is no suggestion Sabine would dem
not considered significant.
Criterion e: Aesthetic Significance
The place is important because
The site of Sabine is an uni
not considered
Criterion f: Technical/Scientific Significance
09037C P 89
Overall level of Technical/Scientific Significance
It is not considered significant.
Criterion g: Social Significance
special association with a particular community or cultural group for
s in respect of this criterion.
Significance
It is not considered significant.
Crit
rson, group or
rganization of importance in Queensland’s history.
ciation exists with people or organizations of importance to
sociative Significance
ent
ed as a
fettler’s siding and had a school attached for a few years.
6.2.11 McIntyre grave
Dugald McIntyre’s grave is marked with a metal railing fence and a fallen headstone. It is located
within the middle of a large paddock beneath a single tree.
Historic Significance
The place has a strong or
social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
Sabine demonstrates no attribute
Overall level of Social
erion h: Associative Significance
The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular pe
o
There is no indication that any asso
Queensland.
Overall level of As
It is not considered significant.
Significance statem
Sabine township has limited significance as an archaeological feature as it was only develop
Criterion a:
09037C P 90
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland’s history
ant reminders
lone grave contributes overall to telling
that story. Little information is readily available in respect to this child.
ant at a local/ regional level. It has no significance at the state level
Crit
or endangered aspects of Queensland’s cultural heritage
Isolated graves are to be found across Australia.
Overall level of Rarity
It is not consi
Criterion c: nificance
The place has potential to reveal information that will contribute to an understanding of
ry.
humed due to
ouncil by
laws concerning such matters. The wishes of the next of kin, believed to still reside locally, should
ble to the relatives the exhumation process and the results should be
documented as it may provide information regarding the physical interment process for this period.
Any such record should be lodged with the State Library as closed access for a period of 10 – 20
Criterion d: Representativeness
Isolated graves extend the length and breadth of Australia. They are, collectively, poign
of the hardships and isolation faced by early settlers. This
Overall level of Historic Significance
It is moderately signific
erion b: Rarity
The place demonstrates rare, uncommon
dered significant.
Research Sig
Queensland’s history
An awareness of how McIntyre died is of limited significance in terms of the state’s histo
Overall level of Research Significance
There is no evidence to suggest this grave has research potential unless it has to be ex
pit expansion. In that event exhumation should accord with the Toowoomba Regional C
be considered. If accepta
years.
09037C P 91
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural
places
ould be buried
y have been a
he deceased beneath a shady tree or to plant a tree at the graveside so
t a local/regional level.
Criterion e: Aesthetic Significance
It is poignant that the grave sits in the midst of a large paddock beneath a tree. It is this setting that
le and the cropping regimes that give some aesthetic attributes
ficance
It is
Criterion f: Technical/Scientific Significance
a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a
particular period.
cal/Scientific Significance
There is no evidence to suggest this grave form has technical or scientific value. The actual form of
burial (casket type and depth etc) does have scientific significance.
Criterion g: Social Significance
This lone grave possibly represents the practice sometimes adopted where children w
close to the family home. The position under a tree may be coincidental or it ma
common gesture to bury t
that it might provide shade later.
Overall level of Representativeness
It is moderately significant a
The place is important because of its aesthetic significance
clearly changes with the seasonal cyc
to the place.
Overall level of Aesthetic Signi
of low significance at a local/regional level.
The place is important in demonstrating
The grave furnishings are of standard form and design.
Overall level of Techni
09037C P 92
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for
social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
endants of the
is anticipated
ome degree of social
an society maintains a notable reverence to burial grounds.
The grave can be expected to have a moderate/high level of local/ regional significance primarily
a grave and assuming there are living relations.
Crit
rson, group or
history.
here is any strong association between this grave and any
y of Queensland.
sociative Significance:
ent
ance as a poignant reminder of the high mortality
amilies it
At least two babies were interred at the site of a former Presbyterian Church on the Acland-
Silverleigh Road (Greenhalgh, Beutel, Weicks pers com 2008). It is understood that the site was
by a timber post for many years after the church itself was moved elsewhere. Some reports
suggest that other burials may have taken place in unmarked graves. There is no surface evidence of
any such graves. It is common to find rural churches set among a small cemetery and it would not
The place is one that might be expected to hold some special association with desc
family. As he died at six years he left no direct descendants. Notwithstanding this it
that relations, if they can be traced, and many others would attribute s
significance to the grave. Australi
Overall level of Social Significance
inspired by its clear identification as
erion h: Associative Significance
The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular pe
organization of importance in Queensland’s
There is no reason to indicate that t
person or group important to the histor
Overall level of As
It is not considered significant.
Significance statem
The grave of Dugald McIntyre is of local signific
rate of children in the 19th century. As the last resting place of one of the district’s pioneer f
has local social significance.
6.2.12 Wells’ graves, former Presbyterian church site
marked
09037C P 93
be surprising that the former Presbyterian Church at Acland followed that practice. What is unusual
is that the graves were not afforded some degree of identification before the land was sold for
farming.
ormer Rosalie
reek (no ref),
73852),
Greenwood Lutheran (761780), McLagan (649020), Silverleigh Lutheran (780775) and Yarraman
984).
6.3.1
trating the evolution or pattern of Queensland’s history
ite cannot be refuted but it is extremely unlikely they would
demonstrate significance against this criterion.
of Historic Significance
It is
monstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland’s cultural heritage
Possible unmarked graves cannot be claimed to hold rarity values etc.
Overall level of Rarity
It is nificant.
The place has potential to reveal information that will contribute to an understanding of
Queensland’s history
Further research may confirm the possible presence of graves in this area.
A check of Genealogical Society publications indicates the only cemeteries within the f
Shire were located at Cooyar (map location 9244 56JLR ref 846147), Cooyar C
Evergreen (9243 56JLR 731950), Glencoe Lutheran (871608), Goombungee (Haden) (8
(924456JLR 971271) (Aberdeen 1
Criterion a: Historic Significance
The place is important in demons
The possibility of graves at this s
Overall level
not considered significant.
Criterion b: Rarity
The place de
not considered sig
Criterion c: Research Significance
09037C P 94
Overall level of Research Significance
It is of moderate significance at a local/ regional level primarily because it may contain graves.
Criterion d: Representativeness
e place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural
be claimed to hold values of representativeness.
sentativeness
It is not considered significant.
Criterion e: Aesthetic Significance
The place is important because of its aesthetic significance
est graves are present. No aesthetic values can be attributed in
ficance:
It is
a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a
particular period.
ggest graves are present.
Overall level of Technical/Scientific Significance
It is not considered significant.
o cance
Th
places
Possible, unmarked graves cannot
Overall level of Repre
There is no surface evidence to sugg
this event.
Overall level of Aesthetic Signi
not considered significant.
Criterion f: Technical/Scientific Significance
The place is important in demonstrating
There is no evidence to su
Criterion g: S cial Signifi
09037C P 95
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for
social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
rface evidence
aims. The fact, however, that there are these stories suggests that there may
moderate levels of significance at the local/ regional level.
Criterion h:
rson, group or
ance in Queensland’s history.
aves do exist, they are associated with a person or groups
sociative Significance
The graves are of limited local significance as they are no longer physically defined on the surface.
curred somewhere on this former Presbyterian
f the district’s
area’s cultural
heritage significance within the current legislative frameworks.
The Pr ject area includes a diversity of cultural elements. Many fit within the overarching
agrarian landscape, a feature of local significance. The most significant place within the lease
area is clearly the Acland No 2 colliery which is of State significance for its intactness and
There is conjectural evidence to suggest graves are present but no documentary or su
to add weight to the cl
be some truth in the stories.
Overall level of Social Significance
The site is considered to have
Associative Significance
The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular pe
organization of import
There is no suggestion that, if the gr
important to Queensland’s history.
Overall level of As
It is not considered significant.
Significance statement
The fact the burials are widely recognized to have oc
church site is significant at a local level. As the last resting place of children of one o
pioneer families it also has local, social significance.
6.3 Statement of Cultural Heritage Significance
The following statement of significance has been provided to reflect the Project
o
09037C P 96
rarity. Other aspects such as the hotel site, the graves and the elements of Acland tow
area are of local significance as they assist in reflecting the evolution of cultur
over time. The smaller mines within the Project area ha
n
al landscapes
ve limited resources at surface.
Their lack of intactness gives them limited significance at the state level.
The area impacted by MDL 244 contains a diversity of cultural heritage places. Table 2 (below)
ces’ within the entire Project area.
Table 2- Significance Summary (Source: Heritage Assessment for Acland Stage 3, 2008).
6.4 Significance Ratings for the Project Area
summarizes the levels of significance for the twelve ‘cultural pla
Significance Criteria* Place Overall Archaeological
Significance a b c d e f g h
The agrarian landscape
Low L L L L L - L L
Acland town area ow-NoneL L L - - L - L L
Acland park and war memorial
Low-None L - - - L - L L
Acland No2 Colliery
High S S S S L - L -
L L L Sugarloaf mine Med L -
S S S - - -
L L Acland No 1 (Beith) mine
Med L -
S S
- - - -
L L Willeroo No 2 Low L -
S S - - - -
Summer Hill hotel site
Med L - L
(med/ high)
- - - - -
Railway Low-None L - - - - - - -
09037C P 97
Significance Criteria* Place Overall Archaeologic l a
Significance a b c d e f g h
Sabine Low - - L(l) - - - - -
L McIntyre grave Med L - L L -
S
L (med /high)
-
Wells’ graves’ Low - - L - - - L -
* L=Local significance; S= State significance; N= National significance
els
The colours in the Significance Summary table denote the Levels of Significance:
‘-‘ does not threshold at Local, State or National significance lev
Insignificant Low Medium High
The sites within MDL 244 are diverse not only in terms of their form, but in their h
The fo
eritage values.
rmer Acland No 2 Colliery is an excellent example of a twentieth century underground coal
mine. This has been recognized by its listing as a place of State significance. Its relative intactness
d
rial, and the graves. Of these the two grave sites, one clearly
identifiable and one only vaguely so, have social importance requiring a high level of sensitivity in
Acland No 1 (Beith), Sugarloaf, and
pears to have
ing discussion.
The potential remains, however, for additional places to be identified as work progresses.
This is particularly so in the case of the overall cultural environment, broadly encapsulated as ‘the
landsc pe’. Individual farms may be found to contain specific structures or equipment that
may well prove to be of interest. It is equally possible that sub-surface workings in the various now
despite being closed as an operational mine since 1984 is due to its subsequent function as a mine
museum.
The balance of the sites within ML 244 are significant, in certain attributes, at the local level: Aclan
township, Acland Park and war memo
their management. Several have archaeological significance:
Willeroo, in particular, with Sabine having a lesser archaeological significance as it ap
had limited development and occupancy.
6.5 Cultural Heritage Potential within the Project Area
The core cultural heritage places within MDL 244 are encapsulated within the forego
agrarian a
09037C P 98
mining engineering (for example, shaft and
timbering techniques) or machinery and tools.
ial is certainly
ter for these
rther discussion in relation to these requirements are provided in Section 8.0
Recommendations.
abandoned mines may contain examples of early
No single study can predict such finds with a high degree of certainty. The potent
there and systems need to be built into the development plan to adequately ca
possibilities. Fu
09037C P 99
7.0 Proposed Development
7.1 The Nature of the Proposed Development
As the coal deposit is both extensive and shallow it is intended to use open cut mining techniques as
ted and abbreviated from The ‘New Acland Stage 3 Section 02 Description of
the
42. The Project
0216 and the
– Manning Vale,
oximately 2042
tly utilised at the
verburden being
ing commences
a number of
ocks in conjunction with one another to develop a staggered pattern in relation to the vertical coal
the productivity
, dumping then
ross the reserve
essive
rehabilitation. Direct
of viability from
excavators, and
oval.... Loaders
and push the coal and
parting bands into windrows to allow for increased productivity by the loaders.
The expanded workforce will comprise approximately 47 management and administration staff and
397 mining personnel. NAC will source the additional workforce of 175 people from local and other
external areas depending on the specific skills of the advertised position ... and the proposed
timetable of employment required to meet the scheduled ramp up in production to 10 Mtpa.
it is the only suitable method.
The following is extrac
Project’ 2008.
The Project is expected to extend coal production at the Mine until approximately 20
involves the continued development of the existing Mine on ML 50170 and 5
progressive commissioning of three additional reserve areas within MLA 50232
Sabine and Willeroo.... The reserve areas will be developed sequentially and combined with the
current.... operations will supply up to 10 Mtpa of saleable product coal until appr
for export and domestic market supplies.
The mining method utilised by the Project is modelled on the mining method curren
Mine. At the start of a new open cut area, a box-cut is developed, with the o
dumped within an out-of-pit spoil dump or used to backfill an existing void. Coal min
once sufficient overburden is removed to expose the coal seams and involves working
bl
seam horizons. The number of blocks required for coal production depends on
requirement of that particular pit. Once enough floor area is available in the pit
commences in-pit allowing progressive backfilling of the void as mining progresses ac
area.
All topsoil is stripped generally using scrappers and directly returned to current progr
rehabilitation areas behind the active pit area or stockpiled for future use in
return is the preferred method to minimise topsoil handling, which reduces loss
damage to soil structure and propogules. All overburden is normally mined utilising
on rare occasions, spare loader capacity is also used to assist with overburden rem
are engaged exclusively to mine the coal seams. Dozers are used to both rip
09037C P 100
The Project has been described, elsewhere, as “...a major project of state interest
534 people and create additional direct benefits in the order of $150 Million per annum, to
economy. Flow on effects fr
that will employ up to
its host
om the these direct benefits will greatly enhance the projects overall value to the
region” (SKM 2009: section 17).
otential Impacts
e loss of the
r example, be
he associated
wn of Acland,
al and park, the Acland No 2 Colliery and the other former mines will also be
tivity. The graves are also likely to be impacted as they appear to be within
ining or from
actual mining.
Indirect impacts may occur from the construction of roads and infrastructure associated with mining
y to day operation of vehicles across the broader site. As planning and
be kept under
sive open-cut mine inevitably affects the former cultural landscape in
which it is sited. Whilst no specific cumulative impacts have been identified as a result of the project,
the development of the Acland prospect will be a significant change on a par with that which
occurred when colonial settlement first began in the area.
Projec Timeframes
The Project’s estimated life is approximately 25-30 years.
7.2 Types of P
7.2.1 Direct Impacts
Virtually the entire MDL will be subject to extensive open cut mining resulting in th
majority of the key features identified in this study. The agrarian landscape will, fo
extensively impacted as a result of both the open cut developments and t
infrastructure that will be constructed adjacent to the actual extraction areas. The to
the war memori
absorbed by mining ac
the planned pits.
7.2.2 Indirect Impacts
Areas within the MDL may not be subject to direct impact from open cut m
infrastructure development. They will, however, be affected by their proximity to the
activities, including the da
development is finalised the possible impacts on cultural heritage values needs to
continuous review.
7.2.3 Cumulative Impacts
The development of any exten
7.3 t
09037C P 101
7.4 Project Impact on Sites and Places of Cultural Heritage Significance
tial with those sites in the area
being entirely removed. They include:
The agrarian landscape;
a;
k;
ery;
ine;
mine;
o 2;
ll hotel site;
other location nearby. Discussion on that issue
oing discus
g table summar pes relatin
Table 3- Project impact on sites and places of cultural heritage sign development
7.4.1 Project impacts
Impacts on places of cultural heritage significance will be substan
identified for progressive open cut mining
Acland town are
Acland par
Acland No 2 Colli
Sugarloaf m
Acland no 1/Beith
Willeroo N
Summer Hi
The Railway;
Sabine;
McIntyre grave;
Wells children’s graves; and
The war memorial*
* It is intended to relocate the actual memorial to an
is a matter of ong sion between NAC and Toowoomba Regional Council.
The followin ises the impact ty g to these sites and places:
ificance. Cultural heritage place Proposed Likely impact
The agrarian landscape; within the pr egree of he area
Majority is oposed Direct Impact - High dopen pits impact over most of t
Acland town area Within the open pits tal loss of place Direct Impact - To
Acland park and war memorial; Within the open pits Direct Impact - Total loss of place. War memorial to be removed to alternative site
Acland No 2 Colliery Within the open pits Direct Impact - Total loss of place
Sugarloaf mine Close proximity to open pits Potential direct Impact - Probable partial loss of place
Acland no 1/Beith mine Within the open pits Direct Impact - Total loss of place
09037C P 102
Willeroo No 2 Close proximity to ope ntial direct Impact - Probable ce
n pits Potepartial loss of pla
Summer Hill hotel site oss of place Within the open pits Direct Impact - Total l
Railway within the egree of of the area
Majority is open pits
proposed Direct Impact - High dimpact over most
Sabine Within the open pits ss of place Direct Impact - Total lo
McIntyre grave Edge of open pits . oval to
Direct Impact - Loss of placeExhumation and remalternative site
Wells children’s graves Within the open pits Direct Impact - Total loss of place. Exhumation possible after investigation.
Managing these impacts is achievable through systematic recording, artefact retrieval and the
development of a range of displays and archival recording. A range of mitigation measures are
recommended to deal with the outcomes identified in the table above in Section 8.0.
09037C P 103
8.0 Recommendations
Where highly significant cultural places are identified within a development the preferr
to retain them intact wherever possible. Other options extend from adaptive reuse t
of documentation and removal. Understandably the latter is the least favoured str
resources are, after all, irreplaceable
ed outcome is
o the extreme
ategy. Cultural
aspects of the story of humankind. Once destroyed they take
e retention of
ning should be
is shallow and
effects of this
tion requires a
mitment and implementation ahead of actual mining and, in the cases of the earlier
d of a process that will ensure recording is undertaken as
necessary.
agrarian landscape
T ll undergo considerable adaptation. Its evolution from its present agrarian
landscape into one of mineral extraction with subsequent rehabilitation is worthy of photographic
documentati
ng
The objective is to record a widespread sample of building types, crops and
infrastructure with some regard for seasonal differences. The aim is to lodge a selective
record with the State Library of Queensland (John Oxley Library) and copies placed with the
Toowoomba and Oakey Public Libraries. The photography should be suitable for archival
storage.
with them potentially important information.
The extent of the coal resource at Acland and the nature of its extraction preclude th
most of the cultural features identified in this report. Suggestions that open cut mi
avoided and underground techniques adopted are not feasible as the resource
extensive and therefore not suitable for underground mining techniques. Mitigating the
process are achievable for all the cultural resources identified here. Their implementa
phased com
un erground mining, the development
8.1 Site Specific Recommendations
8.1.1 The
he agrarian landscape wi
on.
It is recommended that:
1. a photographic record is initiated that will provide a record of the district before mini
commences.
09037C P 104
8.1.2 Town of Acland and structural elements of the agrarian landscape.
and the town
ope Coal and
dwellings that
d approach in
ecline, for one
y
sent locations
ter examples).
an
e. The options of creating a ‘heritage village
museum’ have little merit and are not recommended as a general principal. Such facilities are usually
poorly attended after a few years and have high maintenance costs.
It is recommended that:
onade
seum, such as
4. any older rural properties that cannot be relocated or, perhaps, reused for staff housing,
standard EPA
Mrs
mpiled and the result similarly deposited in the
State and local libraries identified above. This study should include an adequate record of any
other items within the MDL including elements of the railway line. We do not recommend
that this material should necessarily be produced as publication as it is likely to attract only
mited re ership but it should be a comprehensive compilation that includes oral histories,
photographs, plans and other associated memorabilia.
It is anticipated that New Hope will undertake its own record of the mining activities
of Acland as many of the adjacent farms have almost entirely been acquired by New H
its subsidiaries, New Acland Pastoral Co Pty Ltd and New Acland Coal Pty Ltd. Those
can be moved and used elsewhere are already being relocated. This is a well-establishe
Australia. As towns prosper there is a period of expansion. Once they go into d
reason or another, it is common to relocate timber-framed homes, in particular, to new sites. Man
Ipswich, Gympie, Townsville and Cairns homes, for example, were moved to their pre
from former mining towns like Charters Towers and Cooktown (in the case of the lat
One dwelling in Acland itself is apparently about to be relocated for a third time! This is
excellent, and practical, demonstration of adaptive reus
2. all relocatable dwellings within MDL 244 are offered for relocation and reuse;
3. those buildings that have some heritage values at a local level, such as the former ‘lem
room’ from the Summer Hill Hotel site, if available, should be offered to a mu
Jondaryan Wool Shed, for integration into their displays;
should be fully documented (plans and archival photography) in accord with
requirements. The original records should be deposited in the State Library of Queensland
(John Oxley Library) and copies placed with the Toowoomba and Oakey Public Libraries;
5. a comprehensive history of the Acland town, its park (and particularly the influence of
T. Beutel) and its rural environs should be co
li ad
09037C P 105
8.1.3 The war memorial
nt cultural monument within the park. It has already been identified
for relocation to a neighbouring town.
y
explaining its history and, particularly, its links to Acland and the contribution of the Beutel
making it possible.
d that it will be demolished as the open cut expands.
nd elements at
ct on heritage
s of relocating many of the major elements including ‘Bob’s hut’, the fan house, No 2 portal, no
3 portal, the pithead, elevators and loading gantry. Partial removal and reconstruction at a new site
s below
structure (an essential fist step), methodically removing sound
material (there is evidence of some termite infestation) and then reconstructing it somewhere else
ady confirmed
red to be
no ‘sense of
nts of former
ck context, have poor attendance records and have high ongoing costs (conservation and
presentation). We consider alternative management strategies should be considered.
y, it is recommended that the following steps (broadly consistent with the
recommendations in the ‘Preliminary Assessment Report’ [Pragnall & Mate 2007: 50-52]) are
considered:
The war memorial is an importa
It is recommended that:
6. this proposal is endorsed, with the proviso that there is an additional sign erected nearb
family and others in
8.1.4 Acland No 2 colliery
This site is of State significance but it is envisage
Proposals have been made for its demolition and re-erection of selective above grou
another location as part of an ‘Acland museum’.
Pragnall and Mate have previously observed both the physical difficulties and the effe
value
also fails to recognize the fact that significant and strongly associated heritage material lie
ground.
Documenting the existing infra
could be extremely high and in our view, impractical. Structural engineers have alre
part of the assumptions made by Pragnall & Mate about the pithead, which they conside
unsafe (Parsons Brinkerhoff 2006: A-3).
The end result would be a feature that is part reconstructed, part original but with
place’. As noted earlier historic house museums and, by extension, relocated eleme
mines la
Accordingl
09037C P 106
7. Brief the Queensland Heritage Council (QHC) and subsequently seek necessary approvals
to proceed in accord with these recommendations;
to eventual demolition of selected structures, and
relocation of others to a suitable venue or venues;
ve
the Acland No 2 Colliery
including, but not limited to using such techniques as, archival photography, scale plans and
olition;
ssary for their
12. Construct a comprehensive scale model8 of the above ground mine and link with it as near
ion of the two
In respect of Acland No 2 colliery and the other mines (Beith, Sugarloaf and Willeroo No 2) a range
of
It is recommended that
s opportunity
14. A comprehensive archival history of the site is compiled (NB this may be undertaken in
conjunction with the overall archival recording of the Acland district history). The original
xley Library) and
th the Toowoomba and Oakey Public Libraries;
8. Record the site in detail with a view
9. Concurrently, or immediately after gaining approvals, undertake a comprehensi
archaeological recording of all the above ground elements of
linked descriptions and complete them well before eventual dem
10. Identify a range of artefacts for retention and display at another location;
11. Document those artefacts and undertake whatever conservation is nece
preservation in the short to medium term;
to accurate underground cutaway section to enable viewers to see the associat
core elements of mine operation.
common mitigation issues should be considered.
13. Recording of underground workings and artefact retrieval is undertaken a
permits with due regard for operational safety;
records should be deposited in the State Library of Queensland (John O
copies, possibly, placed wi
8 The actual form of the model should be one that ensures a high degree of accuracy, can be displayed as an interactive, utilizes modern technologies where practical and is durable as it will be part of the overall, if perhaps somewhat non-traditional, archival record of this important site.
09037C P 107
15. At least one technical paper is published on the mine’s history and archaeology preferably
based on the industrial process method9 to provide added context and relevance;
No 2 justify
mited obvious
and
ler artefacts
s. From even these small items it is conceivable that a
substantial record can be completed. Obviously, the comparative data that can be accrued
al.
reatment. Although it is unlikely there will be
an face artefacts associated with the burials. In
addition there are needs to comply with legislative requirements.
oner’s Act;
oval for exhumation from Toowoomba Regional Council in accord with their
area understood to be
ions are:
h the written
rised or required , a grave which has been filled must not be reopened for a further burial
erein; Maximum penalty - 100 penalty units.
s been
(a) under the authority of the Coroners Act 1958 and on the production of the relevant order or consent; or (b) with the written permission of the Local Government.
16. The other former mines of Acland No 1/ Beith, Sugarloaf and Willeroo
similar, but less comprehensive, recording approaches. While they have li
surface evidence remaining there is every reason to believe that systematic investigation
recording will identify a significant quantity of foundations, track ways, and smal
along with mullock heaps and post
would be invaluable comparative materi
8.1.5 McIntyre grave and Wells childrens’ graves
The two gravesites within MDL 244 require sensitive t
y human remains at either site there may be sub-sur
It is recommended that the following process is adopted:
17. Comply with the relevant bylaws for exhumation and with the Cor
18. Seek appr
bylaws. At this stage, the bylaws relating to the former Rosalie Shire
current for the Acland area (D. O’Shea 2008 pers com). The relevant sect
Reopening graves 14.(1) After a burial, a grave may only be reopened for a further burial witapproval of the Sexton; (2) Except as provided under section 13.(1) of this local law, or as authoby another law10
until after 12 months following the last burial th
Removal of bodies 15.(1) A person must not exhume any body or the remains of any body which ha
cemetery other than - buried in any Local Government
cept of recording industrial processes rather than simply preparing site histories or artefact inventories is one that
Queensland’s eminent mining historian Emeritus Professor Ray Whitmore has long subscribed to and is duly acknowledged here. It provides opportunity to give context and meaning to a site and its material culture. 10 See, for example, section 17 of the Coroners Act 1958.
9 The con
09037C P 108
Maximum penalty - 100 penalty units. (2) Permission under section 14 of this local law must not be granted to another than the next of kin or closest direct descendant of the deceased,
the site o
y person unless the Local
hat special circumstances warrant
cemetery unless - ry; and
(b) the remains are enclosed in a coffin or other form of container appropriate to the licies.
19. Identify relatives of the deceased bearing in mind there will be no direct descendants, of
y would prefer to have any
landowner may need to be reviewed if the re-interment option is unacceptable.
processes;
been ploughed
This is equally
izon
600 mm). This
process. An
alternative may be to use ground penetrating radar or other non-invasive processes. In this
ificant remains
his initial investigative process does not entail
tion it appears that no permit is needed;
nd kept as an
8.
The Sabine area is one of several places identified within the report known to have once
incorporated structures in some form. It is considered that, given the current level of information
should n t be subject to any specific and further archaeological investigation.
It is recommended that :
Government, in its absolute discretion, determines tthe giving of permission to some other person. Bringing of human remains into a Local Government cemetery 16. A person must not bring human remains into a Local Government (a) a permit has been issued for disposal of human remains in the cemete
proposed form of disposal that complies with the requirements of the local law po
the McIntyre and Wells children;
Discuss with them possible exhumations and determine where the
remains re-interred and seek formal agreement (NB the legal position regarding rights of the
20. The exhumation of the McIntyre grave should be undertaken using standard
21. In the case of the Wells’ graves the location is uncertain. As the area has
there will be no visual evidence of the area originally disturbed for the graves.
true if there are other graves at the site. The easiest approach is to strip the plough hor
by grader and examine the soil colouration below that level (probably about
should be undertaken by an archaeologist familiar with this identification
instance grading is the preferred approach as there is limited likelihood of sign
being present to cause an anomaly. As t
exhuma
22. It is desirable that the form, depth and nature of any burial is recorded a
archival document as a record of such burial practices.
1.6 Sabine
09037C P 109
23. Sabine should be dealt with as a part of the overall study recommended for the lease area
and the agrarian landscape elements. Specific archaeological work should only be
in the course of the activities recom
considered if,
mended elsewhere in this report or if archaeological
material is encountered during mining activities.
basic steps to
f artefacts) of the Queensland Heritage Act is fully complied with.
Experience has suggested that staff who are given some basic training in heritage values will better
appreciate these issues on-the-ground.
24. Staff are given cultural heritage awareness training through at least one of the following
booklets and
g items or structures that may be of heritage value or are possible
t (section 89)
res should be
As work progresses within MDL244 there may be a need to review the recommendations made
above. This infrastructure locations varied.
Th tified as having
he
26. The proposed modifications are undertaken only after clearance by a suitably qualified
heritage practitioner.
entificatio of former underground workings has been sought under the terms of
reference for the EIS. Early plans have been acquired by New Acland Coal but were temporarily
8.2 General Recommendations
There is clearly a diversity of cultural heritage elements that will be impacted upon during mining
operations. Staff should be aware of what constitutes ‘cultural heritage’ and the
ensure section 89 (reporting o
It is recommended that:
methods: induction training, provision of advisory material by way of posters,
electronic media;
25. Anyone findin
archaeological artefacts within the meaning of the Queensland Heritage Ac
should report the find to the relevant supervisor and appropriate procedu
implemented forthwith.
may well arise where pit design has to be modified or
is may result in hitherto unforseen impacts on places already, or subsequently, iden
ritage values.
To avoid any adverse impact it is recommended that:
The id n
09037C P 110
unavailable as the material was being relocated to a new facility. Discussions with management
indicate that the plans that have been retained are those of the earliest workings. NA
despite extensive research, they have been unable to locate more recent plans. NAC
is well aware of the safety implications inherent in earthmoving work near former min
in place a comprehensive workplace health and safety regime to deal with the possi
former drives and shafts. Fig # indicates the areas around the main Acland mines
(Beith), Acland No 2, and Sugarloaf (which actua
C advises that,
has indicated it
e sites and has
ble opening of
(Acland No 1
lly includes Wallaroo no 2 which are understood to
inc
nch once they
. They should be reviewed by a suitably qualified mining heritage specialist and
accompanied by a brief report, or preferably, incorporated with the archival records when
lodged with EPA.
lude the areas of each mine’s underground activities.
To address the broader intent of the EIS it is recommended that:
27. Copies of extant plans should be lodged with the EPA Cultural Heritage Bra
are available
09037C P 111
Figure 31- Extent of underground workings at key former mines in and adjacent to the Projectarea (map courtesy SKM).
09037C P 112
9.0 Reference List
ectory of Queensland Cemeteries and Burial Places (2nd Edition), Genealogical Soc of
Acland Anniversary Committee
tate School 75th Jubilee. Acland, Acland Anniversary Committee.
Coal Mine and Power Station Site at Acland,
Oakey, Darling Downs, Southeastern Queensland’. (Unpublished report to ISON
Ball, L.
“Coal on the Oakey-Cooyar Railway”. Queensland Government Mining Journal, v. 13,
dscape of the
a, Land Use Study Centre.
published report
Coast Regional Council) Archaeo Cultural Heritage Services, The Gap.
Department of Natural Resources and Water
meteries Exhumation PUX/901/227 – Version 1, State Land Asset management, Brisbane.
1970 Jondaryan Shire Handbook. Brisbane, Queensland Department of Primary Industries.
, M.
1989 Conflict on the Condamine: Aborigines and the European Invasion. Toowoomba, Darling
Downs Institute Press.
Aberdeen, L.E.
1984 Dir
Qld, Brisbane.
1996 Acland S
Ann Wallin & Associates
1999 ‘A Cultural Heritage Assessment on a Proposed
near
Environmental Planners on behalf of Shell Coal Pty Ltd, Brisbane.
1912
Brisbane, Gordon & Gotch.
Beal, D.
1993 The Making of Rosalie: A History of the Development of the Modern Lan
Darling Downs Portion of Rosalie Shire from the 1840s. Toowoomb
Archaeo [Barrett C]
‘Conservation Management Study for Burgowan No 12 Coal Mine Torbanlea’, (un
to Fraser
1997 Ce
Douglas, N.
French
09037C P 113
1990 A Pastoral Romance: The Tribulation and Triumph of Squatterdom. Toowoomba, USQ
Press.
s’ Impressions of the Darling Downs 1827-1954.
Toowoomba, USQ Press.
loration in Frontier History: Darling Downs 1840-1860. Toowoomba, USQ Press.
2002 The ‘Acland Tornado’: 50th Anniversary Souvenir: 6th December 1952. Toowoomba,
a Education Centre.
,
K.M.
Museum.
2003 Glenrock Lagoon Cultural Landscape, Conservation Management and Cultural
nt of Significance (report to NSW
National Parks & Wildlife Service), Griffin NRM
1872-1972. Jondaryan, Jondaryan Centenary Committee.
1959 Jondaryan Shire Centenary 1859-1959. Jondaryan, Jondaryan Shire Centenary Committee.
1997 Jondaryan State School: Striving for the Best 125 Years On. Jondaryan, Jondaryan State
School Parents & Citizens Association.
1980 Jondaryan Woolshed. Jondaryan, Jondaryan Woolshed Association.
1994 Travellers in a Landscape: Visitor
1997 Exp
Greenhalgh, K.
Toowoomb
Grimwade, G.,
2007 ’Heritage Assessment Report’ (report to EPA/QHC), Yungaburra
Hogan,
1992 Untitled manuscript on Acland history. Acland, Acland Coal Mine
Ireland, T.
Tourism Plan Volume 1 - Main Report Chapters 1-6 Assessme
Jondaryan Centenary Committee
1972 Jondaryan
Jondaryan Brochure Committee
Jondaryan State School
Jondaryan Woolshed Association
09037C P 114
Kerr, J.
1998 Triumph of Narrow Gauge: A History of Queensland Railways. Brisbane, Boolarong Press.
t 1. Balgowan
nd Mine Area”. Geological Survey of Queensland 314. Brisbane,
Department of Mines.
arling Downs (Oakey) Coalfield, Acland Mine Area: Part 3. Sugarloaf
Mine Area & Part 4. Willeroo Mine Area”. Geological Survey of Queensland 315. Brisbane,
tment of Mines.
cture at 2 colliery, Acland’ (unpublished report to
1994, ‘Queensland Mining Heritage Places Study: Brisbane Mining District’ in
Mengel, D.C.
1963a “Coal Resources, Darling Downs (Oakey) Coalfield, Acland Mine Area: Par
Mine Area & Part 2. Acla
Queensland
Mengel, D.C.
1963b “Coal Resources, D
Queensland Depar
Parsons Brinckerhoff
2006 ‘Structural assessment of wooden stru
Campbell Standish Partners, Brisbane), Parsons Brinkerhoff, Brisbane
Pearson, M.
Mining Heritage Places
Pragnall, J., & G. Mate
Assessment report of the Acland No 2 Colliery Site, Acland, Rosalie Shire’,
risbane), School of Social
y of Queensland, Brisbane
Black Diamonds: The Story of Coal in Queensland. Brisbane, Queensland Coal Board.
Queensland State Archives
1915-1936 Railway Department, Chief Engineer’s Branch; Series ID 18309, Batch file, railway;
Item ID 1027699, ‘Accommodation – Acland’.
Study Stage 2b Southern and Central Queensland. Report for Queensland Department of
Environment and Heritage, Heritage Management Conservation, Canberra,
2007 ‘Preliminary
(Unpub report Campbell Standish Partners Level 2, 225 Adelaide St, B
Science, The Universit
Queensland Coal Board
09037C P 115
1907-1908 Railway Department, Chief Engineer’s Branch; Series ID 17692, Drawings – r
Item
ailway;
ID 121235, ‘Oakey to Cooyar – cottage for Southern Division: Sabine, Acland, Mulou, Rosalie
Plains’.
914 Railway Department; Series ID 9790, Batch file, railway; Item ID 299631, ‘Oakey to
1947 Queensland State Archives; Series ID 1754, Maps; Item ID 622614, ‘Town of Acland, Parish
y Office, Brisbane’.
Railway Department, Chief Mechanical Engineer’s Branch; Series ID 17677, Drawings –
rmanent Way,
mmissioner for Railways; Series ID 6873, Batch file, railway; Item ID 1005980, ‘Closure of Line
nvironmental Impact Statement Section
17’, SKM Brisbane.
– Cooyar Railway and the Coal Mining Industry”.
rs of Queensland (vol. 1). Ipswich, Queensland Collieries Employees Union.
Tidy Towns
89, Press release, Keep Australia Beautiful Committee (?)
Under Secretary for Mines
1903-45Annual Report of the Under Secretary for Mines. Brisbane, Government Printer.
Walker, J.
1908-1
Cooyar’.
of Watts, County of Aubigny, Queensland 4 chains to the inch Surve
1947 Survey Office; Series ID 17610, Maps; Item ID 110383, ‘Acland’.
1913
railway; Item ID 117518, ‘Oakey to Cooyar, Working Plan and Section and Pe
Revised’.
Co
Acland – Cooyar General Section Corres.’, 1964-1965
SKM
2009, New Acland Coal Mine Stage 3 Expansion Project – E
Southern & Western Railway Historical Association
n.d. “The Oakey
Thomas, P.
1986 The Coalmine
1989 Tidy Towns 1988 -
09037C P 116
Pastoral Capital and Pastoral Labour 1840-
1890. Brisbane, University of Queensland Press.
1978 Query No. 3345 – Coach Route from Jondaryan to Nanango. Brisbane, John Oxley Library.
Press.
1985 Coal in Queensland: The Late Nineteenth Century 1875-1900. Brisbane, University of
1991 Coal in Queensland: From Federation to the Twenties 1900 to 1925. Brisbane, University of
Queensland Press.
1988 Jondaryan Station: The Relationship between
Walker, M. I.
Whitmore, R.L.
1981 Coal in Queensland: The First Fifty Years. Brisbane, University of Queensland
Queensland Press.
