Table of Contents Caves Management Plan 2016-2020.pdfand around the cave system. Hundred Caves is located in Barangay Tagabinet, Puerto Princesa City and has geographic coordinates

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Hundred Caves Management Plan 2016 – 2020

Table o f Contents

L i s t o f T a b l e s .................................................................................................................................. ii

L i s t o f F i g u r e s ............................................................................................................................... iii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... 1

ACRONYMS ......................................................................................................................................... 4

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 6

1.0 Statement of Policies (National and International) .................................................................... 6

1.1 Historical Background ............................................................................................................... 6

1.2 Purpose of the Plan .................................................................................................................... 7

1.3 Brief Description of the Planning process ................................................................................. 7

1.4 Rationale .................................................................................................................................... 9

CHAPTER 2: AREA PROFILE ........................................................................................................... 10

2.1 Geographic Location ................................................................................................................ 10

2.2 Biophysical Profile................................................................................................................... 12

2.3 Socio-cultural Profile ............................................................................................................... 28

2.4 Economic Profile ..................................................................................................................... 32

2.5 Political Profile ........................................................................................................................ 33

CHAPTER 3: LEGAL STATUS AND REGULATIONS/FRAMEWORK ........................................ 36

CHAPTER 4: PAST AND CURRENT INITIATIVES ....................................................................... 44

CHAPTER 5: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS ....................................................................................... 46

CHAPTER 6: THE MANAGEMENT PLAN ...................................................................................... 49

CHAPTER 7: IMPLEMENTATION SCHEME .................................................................................. 72

CHAPTER 8: MONITORING AND EVALUATION AND FEEDBACK MECHANISMS ............. 87

CHAPTER 9: BUDGETARY REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................. 88

REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................... 90

ANNEXES ........................................................................................................................................... 91

Annex A. National legislations with significant implications on cave planning and management 91

Annex B. Cave-related administrative orders issued by PCSD………………………………..... 98

Annex C. Cave-related resolutions issued by PCSD ................................................................... 103

Annex D. Mandate of agencies in the implementation of RA 9072 ............................................ 106

Annex E. Photo Documentation .................................................................................................. 109

Annex F. Five-Year Budget for Hundred Caves Management ………………………………... 105

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Li s t o f T ab l es

Table 1. Data Summary of Hundred Caves, Tagabinet, Puerto Princesa City ..................................... 16 Table 2. List of Avian Species outside the Cave .................................................................................. 22 Table 3. List of Mammals outside the Cave ......................................................................................... 23 Table 4. List of Mammals inside the Cave ........................................................................................... 24 Table 5. List of Flora Species outside Cave ......................................................................................... 26 Table 6. Number of Households in Tagabinet, 2009 ........................................................................... 29 Table 7. Population Distribution by Sex, Barangay Tagabinet, City of Puerto Princesa, 2009 ........... 29 Table 8. Population by Age, by Gender Disaggregation 2009 ............................................................. 30 Table 9. List of local ordinances and other issuances .......................................................................... 43 Table 10. The major outcomes of the Cave Management Plan ............................................................ 50 Table 11. Hundred Caves Management Action Plan ........................................................................... 52 Table 12. Detailed Work Plan .............................................................................................................. 75 Table 13. Local and International possible funding sources ............................................................... 89

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Li s t o f F ig ures

Figure 1. Speleothems found inside the Cave......................................................................................... 1

Figure 2. The Hundred Caves ................................................................................................................ 6

Figure 3. Process of Cave Management Planning ................................................................................. 8

Figure 4. Location Map of Hundred Caves .......................................................................................... 11

Figure 5. The Hundred Caves including the Agricultural land surrounding it .................................... 12

Figure 6. New Alternative Spatial Strategies for Bgy. Cabayugan Cluster Map ................................. 13

Figure 7. One of the Passages inside the Cave .................................................................................... 14

Figure 8. Speleothems found inside the Cave....................................................................................... 14

Figure 9. Vandals and graffiti along the Cave walls and flooring ....................................................... 15

Figure 10. Isometric view of Hundred Caves ....................................................................................... 17

Figure 11. Plan view map of Hundred Caves ...................................................................................... 18

Figure 12. Profile view of Hundred Caves ........................................................................................... 19

Figure 13. Cave mouth /main entrance ................................................................................................ 20

Figure 14. Cave Mouth (inside view) ................................................................................................... 20

Figure 15. Second cave opening (outside view) ................................................................................... 20

Figure 16. Second cave opening (inside view) ..................................................................................... 20

Figure 17. Other lesser known fauna found outside the cave .............................................................. 23

Figure 18. Nests found inside the cave ................................................................................................. 24

Figure 19. Miniopterus australis .......................................................................................................... 25

Figure 20. Megaderma spasma ............................................................................................................ 25

Figure 21. Macroglossus minimus ........................................................................................................ 25

Figure 22. Eonycteris spelaea .............................................................................................................. 25

Figure 23. Cynopterus brachyotis (Short-nosed fruit bat), Family Pteropodidae .............................. 25

Figure 24. Rhinolopus virgo ................................................................................................................. 26

Figure 25. Miniopteris australis ........................................................................................................... 26

Figure 26. Rhinolophus creaghi ........................................................................................................... 26

Figure 27. ECAN Map of the Hundred Caves ...................................................................................... 38

Figure 28. Objectives of the Management Plan ................................................................................... 50

Figure 29. Organization chart of Hundred Caves management structure ........................................... 72

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This management plan for Hundred Caves is developed and prepared by the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development Staff (PCSDS) in coordination with the City Tourism Office, Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park – Project Management Office (PPSRNP-PMO), Centre for Sustainability, Barangay Council of Tagabinet and stakeholders. On September 15-24, 2014, PCSD Staff together with PSU Anthropologist Dr. Jun G. Cayron and PPSRNP Biologist Mr. Nevong Puna and selected members of Tagabinet Neighborhood Tourism association (TNTA) conducted cave identification, assessment, survey and mapping, and classification of Hundred Caves in Barangay Tagabinet, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan. The Cave Assessment and Classification Report is used in determining the resources and status of resources within the cave. The report contains the physiographical profile, cave mapping, rapid archaeological and ecological assessment, and socioeconomic information pertinent to developing a plan that integrates ecology and biodiversity with economic concerns and emphasizes the archaeology and local culture in and around the cave system. Hundred Caves is located in Barangay Tagabinet, Puerto Princesa City and has geographic coordinates of N 10⁰ 04' 55.4", E 118⁰ 50' 56.8". It is bounded on the north by Barangay Cabayugan and Marufinas, Barangay Maoyon and Buenavista on the south, Barangay San Rafael on the east and Barangay Buenavista and West Philippine Sea on the west. It is a solution-type of cave, the most frequently occurring type of cave in the Philippines. It is formed by chemical reaction between circulating groundwater and bedrock composed of limestone or dolomite. Hundred caves is a horizontal cave with an elevation of 80 meters above sea level. It is accessible by land 1.15 hours from the center of Puerto Princesa City and by foot for about 15-minutes trail walk from the cemented road system going to Sitio Sabang (take off point to PPSRNP). Its straight distance is 400 meters parallel to the road system with second growth forest over limestone surrounding its periphery. The surrounding land development is devoted to agriculture such as rice paddies and farm lots. This cave system is multi-storied and possesses a series of continuous narrow “maze-like” and/or winding interconnecting passages and vertical pitches which are both challenging and beautiful. Speleothems are well defined and various concretions were present. The passages of the cave network below contain knee-deep water and some of those dry passages have alluvium deposits cemented in blocks by chemical/mechanical weathering. Mini-rimstone dams are abundant as well as columns and draperies. Special feature of speleogen, such as cave scallops (flute casts) are found on the walls and floors of the main entrance. Rock pendants also exist in various scales. The cave system also has a bat chamber located at the end of the main passage. Based on the characteristics of the cave, Hundred Caves is classified as Class III, limited to low impact ecotourism activity. Class III caves are generally safe to inexperienced visitor with no known threatened species, archeological, geological, natural history, cultural and historical values. Subzones within the cave were further classified under restricted and controlled zones. Based on its classification, Hundred Caves and its surrounding area can carry soft impact ecotourism activities like cave tour/exploration and picture taking.

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Among the threats to the Hundred Cave are the uncontrolled tourism and exploration activities, and uncontrolled edible birds nest collection which resulted to presence of cave hazards, destruction of rock formations, presence of vandals and graffiti’s along the walls and flooring of the cave system. There are also reports that the lack of governance and enforcement implementation as well as lack of human resource poses threat to the cave and cave ecosystem. Entrance in the cave has to be regulated to cushion the impact of “mass tourism”. Delineating a buffer zone around the Hundred Caves as well as development of other activities outside the cave can minimize the existing and potential adverse effects of economic activities. Establishment of a governing body that will implement and monitor activities in the area is also needed. To ensure that the plan will be acceptable to the stakeholders and that it addresses the concerns of the community, a participatory planning workshop was conducted in April 7-8, 2015 through the facilitation of the PCSDS. It was participated by 63 members of the Tagabinet Neighborhood Tourism Association (TNTA), representatives from the Puerto Princesa City Tourism Office, PPSRNP-PMO, Centre for Sustainability and barangay officials of the Barangay Tagabinet. Situation of the cave is verified during the process through the SWOT Analysis - strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It was agreed during the planning workshop that the management plan will be geared towards ecotourism purposes. On July 7, 2015, a validation workshop was conducted to present the result of the management plan to the stakeholders and came up with the plan’s vision, mission and objectives. Based on the discussion, stakeholders agreed with the plan and they will endorse the same to the barangay council.

The developed Hundred Caves Management Plan (HCMP) is designed to address the environmental and socioeconomic threats to the cave, as well as the challenges posed by a lack of cave governance structure and livelihood mechanisms that can reduce the pressures to the cave. To achieve this, the Plan uses the following management framework.

Hundred Caves Sustainable Management Framework

Established "Green Tourism" program for

cave

Strengthened

cave governance, stewardship

and advocacy

Reduced cave threats and enhanced cave ecosystem security

Ecological Integrity and stakeholders’ empowermen

t

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Following this framework, the goal of the Management Plan is to develop an ecotourism program for Hundred Caves to ensure ecological integrity of the cave and its ecosystem through sustainable management of an empowered local community group thereby providing alternative source of livelihood. This plan has three interlinked outcomes as follows:

1. to protect and manage the cave in an integrated and adaptive manner, 2. to efficiently use the cave and the resources therein, and 3. to safeguard the cave ecosystem’s resilience and stability and enhance its

productivity.

The prescribed strategic actions to attain these objectives are divided into nine components:

1. Policy Reform and Development 2. Human Resources Development 3. Research and Development 4. IEC and Advocacy 5. Cave Protection and Management 6. Waste Management 7. Zoning of Cave and Cave Periphery 8. Green Tourism and Cave Visitor Management 9. Livelihood Development

Under each component, a set of actions are given with a corresponding timeline and budgetary requirement. Due to the many uncertainties and constraints inherent in the cave resource management, it is recommended that an adaptive management approach is used to guide the interventions. The scope of the plan is limited by the lack of preparatory activities for ecotourism development, and the preponderance of recent cave-related and ecotourism policies which may require integration and harmonization prior to their application on the ground.

Many critical factors are required for a smooth implementation of HCMP, foremost of which are: (1) the active involvement of the concerned authorities and agencies in the initiative, (2) the openness of the community to the regulations and socioeconomic changes that will be introduced when the plan is implemented, and (3) their cooperation to be engaged as cave stewards and protectors. A lot can be accomplished if political commitments are in place and Memorandums of Agreement (MOA) are signed.

The implementation of the plan can be a venue for collaboration among private and public entities. It is also an opportunity to empower local communities through the sustainable practice of green tourism. Financial assistance from an external source will go a long way toward securing this green investment of cave management.

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ACRONYMS

AO – Administrative Order

CADC – Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claim

CBET - Community-Based Ecotourism

CBST – Community-Based Sustainable Tourism

CIEC – Cave Information and Education Center

CLUP – Comprehensive Land Use Plan

CPEO – Cave Protection and Enforcement Officer

CTO – City Tourism Office

CVMP – Cave Visitor Management Plan

DAO – DENR Administrative Order

DENR – Department of Environment and Natural Resources

DMC – DENR Memorandum Circular

DOLE – Department of Labor and Employment

DOT – Department of Tourism

DPWH – Department of Public Works and Highways

DSWD – Department of Social Welfare and Development

DTI – Department of Trade and Industry

EBN – Edible Bird’s Nest

ECAN – Environmentally Critical Areas Network

ENR – Environment and Natural Resources

FPIC – Free, Prior, and Informed Consent

HCMP – Hundred Caves Management Plan

IEC – Information and Education Campaign

IKSP – Indigenous Knowledge System and Practices

IUCN – International Union for Conservation of Nature

LGU – Local Government Unit

MAB – Man and the Biosphere Programme

MIMAROPA – Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon, Palawan

NEDA – National Economic and Development Authority

NEDC – National Ecotourism Development Council

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NGO – Non-government Organization

NHCP – National Historical Commission of the Philippines

NIPAS – National Integrated Protected Areas System

NM – National Museum

PAGASA – Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

PCMPCP – Palawan Cave Management, Protection and Conservation Program

PCSD – Palawan Council for Sustainable Development

PMO – Project Management Office

PPCC – Puerto Princesa Cave Committee

PPP – public-private partnerships

PPSRNP-PMO – Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park – Project Management Office

PPUR – Puerto Princesa Underground River

PTO – Provincial Tourism Office

RA – Republic Act

RITM – Research Institute on Tropical Medicine

SP – Sangguniang Panlungsod

SEP – Strategic Environmental Plan

TESDA – Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

TIEZA – Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority

TNTA – Tagabinet Neighborhood Tourism Association

UNESCO – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

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The cave was first discovered in 1990’s when Mr. Bueg Lais, a Palaw’an native from Barangay Abo-abo, Sofronio Española (Southern Palawan), came to Barangay Tagabinet in search of Balinsasayaw or edible bird’s nests (EBN) as a source of livelihood. Recounting how he discovered the gap/opening of the cave, it was early morning when he decided to explore the karst area. Bueg spotted a swiftlet hovering around the limestone cliff feeding on insects. He religiously followed the swiftlet’s flight path going inside the cave and ended up discovering a crevice within the ledge of the limestone cliff. Without hesitation, Bueg slipped into the crevice downwards inside the cave system. Alone and brave, he explored its passages and its nooks and crannies, and finally discovered the presence of edible bird’s nests in various locations. He continuously wandered inside the cave until finally in mid-afternoon, he managed to find the cave exit. Since then, the cave is his source of edible bird’s nests (not Aerodramus fuciphagus species) in scheduled basis. Averaging almost 2 kilos of EBN collected during those times, composition were not made up of pure bird’s saliva instead nests are made up of mixed with small twigs, hays and branches. Though he visited the cave most of the time, Bueg Lais did not bother to name the cave but he is the original discoverer of it (pers. comm. with Mr. Bueg Lais). Nobody really recounted the person who coined the present cave name and it was only in year 2008 that PCSD staff heard the cave’s name as “Hundred Caves”. According to the residents, the name of the karst formation represents the numerous passages and outlets within the karst. The preserved cave formations and a subterranean river encouraged the local community to develop this area for tourism.

1.2 Purpose of the Plan This plan is formulated to be a guide in the management and development of the Hundred Caves. Plan includes implementable actions coming from the local stakeholders to ensure that this will not remain as a written document only, but will be beneficial to the community. Once plan will be adopted and implemented, the following can be expected:

1. To undertake necessary measures to protect and conserve the cave ecosystem and its surrounding environment

2. To develop tourism-related capacities of the community 3. To serve as an alternative livelihood and generate income for the stakeholders of

Hundred Caves

1.3 Brief Description of the Planning process This Cave Management Plan is developed and prepared by the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development Staff together with the Tagabinet Neighborhood Tourism Association (TNTA) and other local stakeholders. It follows science-based and participatory approaches. The science-based approach is used when developing appropriate and sound strategies and activities for the cave system given its fragile and unique constitution. The Cave Assessment and Classification Report prepared by PCSDS (2014) and produced in collaboration with the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park – Project Management Office (PPSRNP-PMO) is used in determining the resources and status of resources within the cave. The report contains the physiographical profile, cave mapping, rapid archaeological and ecological assessment, and socioeconomic information pertinent to developing a plan that integrates ecology and biodiversity with economic concerns and emphasizes the archaeology and local culture in and around the cave system.

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Result of the participatory planning workshop conducted in April 7-8, 2015 through the facilitation of the PCSDS is the basis of most of the suggested interventions for the sustainable development of the cave. Participants of the workshop are the 63 members of the Tagabinet Neighborhood Tourism Association (TNTA), representatives from the Puerto Princesa City Tourism Office, PPSRNP-PMO, Centre for Sustainability and barangay officials of the Barangay Tagabinet. Situation of the cave is verified during the process through the SWOT Analysis - strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It was agreed during the planning workshop that the management plan will be geared towards ecotourism purposes. On July 7, 2015, a validation workshop was conducted to present the result of the management plan to the stakeholders and came up with the plan’s vision, mission and objectives. Based on the discussion, stakeholders agreed with the plan and they will endorse the same to the barangay council. This Cave Management Plan then is an offshoot of both scientific and community-based investigations into the issues confronting Hundred Caves. Existing legal considerations and institutional arrangements are also duly considered in its formulation. The Plan strategies and actions have to conform to national laws and regulations. A plan is always a work in progress and it is important to communicate its contents to all stakeholders and to review and monitor its progress and effectiveness. The Plan is designed to be flexible and adaptive such that administrators can adjust certain management prescriptions based on the practicability of the interventions. The following flowchart describes the planning process.

Figure 3. Process of Cave Management Planning

CAVE CLASSIFICATION

AND ASSESSMENT

PARTICIPATORY

PLANNING WORKSHOP

REVIEW OF LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL

FRAMEWORKS

CAVE MANAGEMENT

PLAN

ADOPTION OF CAVE

MANAGEMENT PLAN

PLAN

IMPLEMENTATION

MONITORING AND

EVALUATION

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1.4 Rationale The caves of Palawan are special geological heritage of ecological and cultural significance. They preserve a record of the past and often play an important role in the ecology of the area. Unique or critical records of natural history are contained in the caves. They offer distinct cultural and aesthetic values and contribute to an understanding of the natural history of a region. Caves are therefore legally protected and considered as special management areas. Conservation and development planning of cave systems is a vital activity to ensure that the ecosystem services and the scientific and educational values of caves are put to good use.

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CHAPTER 2: AREA PROFILE 2.1 Geographic Location Hundred Caves is located in Barangay Tagabinet, Puerto Princesa City and has geographic coordinates of N 10⁰ 04' 55.4", E 118⁰ 50' 56.8". It is bounded on the north by Barangay Cabayugan and Marufinas, Barangay Maoyon and Buenavista on the south, Barangay San Rafael on the east and Barangay Buenavista and West Philippine Sea on the west. It is accessible by land 1.15 hours from the center of Puerto Princesa City and by foot for about 15-minutes trail walk from the cemented road system going to Sitio Sabang (take off point to PPSRNP). Its straight distance is 400 meters parallel to the road system with second growth forest over limestone surrounding its periphery. The surrounding land development is devoted to agriculture such as rice paddies and farm lots. Hundred Caves is within a Karst landscape extending up to the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park (PPSRNP), a UNESCO world heritage site.

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Map 1. Barangay Tagabinet as included in the Northwestern Cluster based in Barangay Cabayugan.

The topography of the barangay Tagabinet ranges from sea level to 1,600 meters above sea level (masl), mountain range of St. Paul. Land formation varies from flat terrain to rolling hinterlands, from hills to mountain peaks. The ridges and mountaintops of St. Paul (1,028 masl) are equally pronounced and the slopes are precipitous rendering them laborious and dangerous to conquer the peak. Slightly metamorphosed limestone forms the impressive karst landscape around Mt. St. Paul which includes the area where Hundred caves is located. The cave area is classified as alienable and disposal lands under the DENR Land Classification System.

i. Accessibility Hundred caves is accessible by land one hour and fifteen minutes from the center of Puerto Princesa City and by foot for about 15-minutes trail walk from the cemented road system going to Sitio Sabang (take off point to PPSRNP). Its straight distance is 400 meters which is perpendicular to the cemented road system. A second growth forest over limestone vegetation exists around its periphery. Patches of agricultural development such as rice paddies and farm lots are prevalent in the area.

Figure 6. New Alternative Spatial Strategies for Bgy. Cabayugan Cluster Map

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Table 1. Data Summary of Hundred Caves, Tagabinet, Puerto Princesa City

Number of File = 1

Number of Survey = 1

Included Shots = 50

Included Length = 1180.0 Feet 359.7 Meters 0.22 Miles

Total Surveyed = 1180.0 Feet 359.7 Meters 0.22 Miles

Horizontal Length = 1154.6 Feet 351.9 Meters 0.22 Miles

Cave Depth = 20.3 Feet 6.2 Meters

Surface Length = 244.5 Feet 74.5 Meters

Surface Width = 170.2 Feet 51.9 Meters

Surface Area = 41595.2 Ft2 3864.3 M2

Enclosed Volume = 844130.1 Ft3 23903.1 M3

Cave Volume = 237020.0 Ft3 6711.7 M3

Average Diameter = 14.2 Feet 4.3 Meters

Wall Area = 8722.4 Ft2 6384.5 M2

Floor Area = 2739.8 Ft2 1183.6 M2

Volume Density = 28.08 %

Average Inclination = 7.0 Deg.

Difficulty = 9.6

Highest Station = ab 9.5 Feet 2.9 Meters

Lowest Station = h -10.8 Feet -3.3 Meters

North Most Station = ac 31.1 Feet 9.5 Meters

South Most Station = e -139.0 Feet -42.4 Meters

East Most Station = 30 0.0 Feet 0.0 Meters

West Most Station = 55 -244.5 Feet -74.5 Meters

Furthest Station = l 458.6 Feet 139.8 Meters 0.09 Miles

Average Shot Length = 23.6 Feet 7.2 Meters

Longest Shot = 93.8 Feet 28.6 Meters

Shortest Shot = 6.0 Feet 1.8 Meters

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Figure 12. Profile view of Hundred Caves

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b. Wetland Type/Cave Classification

All identified caves must undergo an assessment process using the Cave Assessment Form . The cave assessment is a comprehensive data gathering and inventory of cave resources and shall be accomplished at the site level. Caves maybe classified as either closed or open to the public. After extensive cave research, open or closed caves may be subject to reclassification and preparation of appropriate cave management plan. Caves are classified as follows: Class I are caves with delicate and fragile geological formations, threatened species, archeological and paleontological values, and extremely hazardous conditions. Allowable use may include mapping, photography, educational and scientific purposes; Class II are caves with areas or portions which have sections that have hazardous conditions and contain sensitive geological, biological, archeological, cultural, historical, and biological values or high quality ecosystem. It may be necessary to close sections of these caves seasonally or permanently. It shall be opened to experienced cavers or guided educational tours and visits; Class III are caves generally safe to inexperienced visitor with no known threatened species, archeological, geological, natural history, cultural and historical values. These caves may also be utilized for economic purposes such as guano extraction and edible birds nest collection. After the cave assessment, the composite assessment team reviewed the accomplished cave assessment form and the factors to be considered in cave classification/re-classification outlined in item IV of Manual on Cave Classification and make recommendation as to whether to open or close a cave. Based on the characteristics of the cave, it is classified as Class III, limited to low impact ecotourism activity. c. Flora and Fauna

Fauna outside of cave There were 47 species of birds recorded within the vicinity of the cave system. Three (3) of which are vulnerable and four (4) were near-threatened (IUCN Conservation Status). A total of 14 species of mammal were recorded in the area. Six (6) of these species were observed outside the cave and eight (8) are cave (bats) residents. Table 2 and 3 list the avian and mammals found outside the cave.

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Table 2. List of Avian Species outside the Cave

Family Common Name Scientific Name IUCN Status Endemicity Columbidae Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica Least Concern Resident Columbidae Zebra Dove Geopelia striata Least Concern Introduced

species Columbidae Green Imperial Pigeon Ducula aenea Least Concern Resident Psittacidae Blue-headed Racquet-

tail Prioniturus platenae Vulnerable Endemic

Psittacidae Blue-naped Parrot Tanygnathus lucionensis

Near-threatened Endemic*

Cuculidae Plaintive Cuckoo Cacomantis merulinus Least Concern Resident Cuculidae Asian Drongo-Cuckoo Surniculus lugubris Least Concern Resident Cuculidae Common Koel Eudynamys

scolopaceus Least Concern Resident

Cuculidae Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis Least Concern Resident Strigidae Palawan Scops Owl Otus fuliginosus Near-threatened Endemic Strigidae Spotted Wood Owl Strix seloputo Least Concern Resident Podargidae Large-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus macrurus Least Concern Resident Apodidae Pygmy Swiftlet Collocalia troglodytes Least Concern Endemic* Apodidae Glossy Swiftlet Collocalia esculenta Least Concern Resident Apodidae Uniform Swiftlet Aerodramus

vanikorensis Least Concern Resident

Apodidae Edible-nest Swiftlet Aerodramus fuciphagus Least Concern Resident Alcedinidae Collared Kingfisher Todiramphu schloris Least Concern Resident Bucerotidae Palawan Hornbill Anthracoceros marchei Vulnerable Endemic Dicruridae Hair-crested Drongo Dicrurus hottentottus Least Concern Resident Monarchidae Black-naped Monarch Hypothymis azurea Least Concern Resident Monarchidae Blue Paradise-

flycatcher Terpsiphone cyanescens

Near-threatened Endemic

Corvidae Slender-billed Crow Corvus enca Least Concern Resident Paridae Palawan Tit Parus amabilis Near-threatened Endemic IncertaeSedis Rufous-tailed

Tailorbird Orthotomus sericeus Least Concern Resident

Pycnonotidae Black-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus atriceps Least Concern Resident Pycnonotidae Olive-winged Bulbul Pycnonotus plumosus Least Concern Resident Pycnonotidae Grey-cheeked Bulbul Criniger bres Least Concern Resident Pycnonotidae Sulphur-bellied

Bulbul Iole palawanensis Least Concern Endemic

Timaliidae Ashy-headed Babbler Malacocincla cinereiceps

Least Concern Endemic

Timaliidae Falcated Wren-Babbler

Ptilocichla falcata Vulnerable Endemic

Timaliidae Striped Tit-Babbler Macronous gularis Least Concern Resident Irenidae Asian Fairy-bluebird Irena puella Least Concern Resident Sturnidae Asian Glossy Starling Aplonis panayensis Least Concern Resident Turdidae White-vented Shama Copsychus niger Least Concern Endemic Chloropseidae Yellow-throated

Leafbird Chloropsis palawanensis

Least Concern Endemic

Dicaeidae Palawan Flowerpecker Prionochilus plateni Least Concern Endemic Dicaeidae Pygmy Flowerpecker Dicaeum pygmaeum Least Concern Endemic*

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Family Common Name Scientific Name IUCN Status Endemicity Nectariniidae Brown-throated

Sunbird Anthreptes malacensis Least Concern Resident

Nectariniidae Purple-throated Sunbird

Leptocoma sperata Least Concern Resident

Nectariniidae Olive-backed Sunbird Cinnyris jugularis Least Concern Resident Nectariniidae Lovely Sunbird Aethopyga shelleyi Least Concern Endemic* Nectariniidae Little Spiderhunter Arachnothera

longirostra Least Concern Resident

Passeridae Eurasian Tree Sparrow

Passer montanus Least Concern Resident

Estrildidae White-bellied Munia Lonchura leucogastra Least Concern Resident Estrildidae Black-headed Munia Lonchura malacca Least Concern Resident Motacillidae Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava Least Concern Resident Pittidae Hooded Pitta Pitta sordida Least Concern Resident

Table 3. List of Mammals outside the Cave

Family Common/Local Name Scientific Name IUCN Status

Tupaiidae Palawan Tree Shrew Tupaia palawanensis Least Concern ver 3.1

Sciuridae Northern Palawan Tree Squirrel

Sundasciurus juvencus Least Concern ver 3.1

Cercopithecidae Long-tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis Least Concern ver 3.1

Pteropodidae Lesser Dog-faced Fruit Bat

Cynopterus brachyotis Least Concern ver 3.1

Pteropodidae Geoffrey's Rousette Rousettus amplexicaudatus Least Concern ver 3.1

Pteropodidae Dagger-toothed Long-nosed Fruit Bat

Macroglossus minimus Least Concern ver 3.1

Fauna found inside the cave Among the recorded species, four (4) were observed nested inside the cave. Collocalia esculenta and C.troglodytes were nested near the cave opening, while Aerodramus vanikorensis and A. fuciphagus were residing in the inner cave recesses. A. fuciphagus was more secretive in terms of nest location (attached on the wall) compared to A. vanikorensis wherein nests are more visible and found sitting on cave structures.

Figure 17. Other lesser known fauna found outside the cave

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Most bat species observed inside the cave are insectivorous. A total of eight (8) bat species are recorded inside the cave (see Table 4) and these belong to three families (Rhinolopidae, Hipposiderodae and Vespertelionidae). Hipposideros diadema were observed most and was found to be adaptive to presence of cave intruder, while Rhinolophidae bats flew as observer’s presence was felt in the area. Vespertenionidae are observed mostly in the cave bell-holes and less tolerant to observer’s presence.

Table 4. List of Mammals inside the Cave

Family Common/Local Name Scientific Name IUCN Status

Rhinolophidae Creagh's Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus creaghi Least Concern ver 3.1

Rhinolophidae Yellow-faced Horseshoe Bat

Rhinolophus virgo Least Concern ver 3.1

Rhinolophidae Arcuate Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus arcuatus Least Concern ver 3.1

Hipposiderodae Diadem Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros diadema Least Concern ver 3.1

Vesperteliniodae Schreiber's Bent-winged Bat

Miniopterus schreibersii Near Threatened ver 3.1

Vesperteliniodae Great Long-fingered Bat Miniopterus tristis Least Concern ver 3.1

Vesperteliniodae Little Long-fingered Bat Miniopterus australis Least Concern ver 3.1

Vesperteliniodae Pallid Large-footed Myotis

Myotis macrotarsus Near Threatened ver 3.1

Figure 18. Nests found inside the cave

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Flora species outside the cave Hundred Caves is surrounded by diverse flora and fauna. Mix forest flora that grow over the limestone/karst substrate. Because of limited time and knowledge of the flora species, only 40 flora species which were observed common in the area are identified (see Table 5). Most dominant tree species was Amugis and Malugay. Moraceae family were observed have the highest number of species which has nine (9) identified species followed by Anacardiacea family with six (6) identified species.

Table 5. List of Flora Species outside Cave

Family Species Common/

Local Name IUCN Status

Anacardiaceae Koordersiodendron pinnatum Amugis NA Anacardiaceae Buchanania arborescens Balinghasai NA Anacardiaceae Anacardium occidentale Kasoy NA Anacardiaceae Buchanania nitida Balintantan NA Anacardiaceae Mangifera monandra Malapaho EN Anacardiaceae Mangifera altissima Pahutan VU Apocynaceae Alstonia scholaris Dita LC

Figure 25. Miniopteris australis Little bent wing bat

Family: Vespertilionidae

Figure 24. Rhinolopus virgo Yellow-faced Horseshoe Bat

Family Rhinolophidae

Figure 26. Rhinolophus creaghi Family Rhinolophidae

Near Threatened (IUCN)

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Family Species Common/

Local Name IUCN Status

Apocynaceae Alstonia macrophylla Batino LC Apocynaceae Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Pandakaking-gubat NA

Aspleniaceae Asplenium nidus Pakpak-lauin Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpus sp. Apitong Dryopteridaceae Diospyros philippinesis Kamagong EN Ebenaceae Diospyros pyrrhocarpa Anang LC Ebenaceae Diospyros pilosanthera Bolongeta NA Euphorbiaceae Bananato Euphorbiaceae Macaranga grandifolia Takipasin VU Gnelaceae Gnetum gnemon Bago/Lamparan/Alalod LC

Lauraceae Dehaasia incrassata Basa/Kayaban NA Leguminosae Intsia bijuga Ipil VU Moraceae Ficus nota Tibig NA Moraceae Artocarpus odoratissimus Marang NA Moraceae Artocarpus heterophyllus Nangka NA Moraceae Ficu sulmifolia Is-is VU Moraceae Ficus balete Balite NA Moraceae Artocarpus blancoi Antipolo VU Moraceae Ficus latsoni Tangisang-layugan NA Moraceae Ficus variegata Tangisang-bayawak NA Moraceae Ficus septica Hauili NA Myrtaceae Syzygium xanthophyllum Malatampoi NA Rubiaceae Mussaenda sp. Kahoy-dalaga NA Rubiaceae Nauclea orientalis Bangkal NA Rubiaceae Neonauclea formicaria Hambabalud NA Sapindaceae Pometia pinnata Malugai-liitan NA

Sapotaceae Palaquium luzoniense Red nato VU

Malvaceae Pterocymbium tinctorium Taluto NA Sterculiaceae Pterospermum diversifolium Bayog NA Poaceae Schizostachyum diffusum Balikaw NA Fabaceae Parkia timoriana Kupang NA Cannabaceae Trema orientalis Anabiong NA

d. Geology

Palawan is subdivided into two tectonic terrains, namely the North Palawan Continental terrain and the Southern Palawan Continental terrain, which are separated by the Sabang thrust. The region north of Mt. St. Paul is dominated by metamorphic rocks of the basement complex with volcanic rocks around Cleopatra’s needle, and sedimentary Bangley formation to the west. Slightly metamorphosed limestone forms the impressive karst landscape around Mt. St. Paul. Barangay Tagabinet is underlain by rock formations that consist of recent alluvium, sandstone and shale. The recent alluvium is made up of transported clay, silt, sand and pebbles. Soils vary from clay, sand, and loam. (Biodiversity in and around Protected Areas, SAGUDA Palawan Inc., February 2002.)

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e. Vulnerability Studies

There are identified flood-prone areas such as those in Buenavista Centro and in the Puroks of Masagana and Maligaya in Barangay Tagabinet. Moreover, portions of Tagabinet are vulnerable to landslides while all coastal areas of the Cluster are potentially at risk to storm surge and sea level rise.

2.3 Socio-cultural Profile

a. Anthropological/paleontological/archeological data

When the different cave mouths were inspected for archaeology, the survey did not yield any traces of prehistoric human activity thus Hundred caves is negative for archaeological significance as of the moment. However, an extensive archaeological works should be conducted on the whole area to verify the study. Barangay Tagabinet is still part of a massive limestone formation inundated by a number of caves and rock shelters. The prospect of the area for ancient human occupation is high. During the fieldwork, the local farmers have already reported and identified several other caves that might be archaeologically significant.

b. IKSP with emphasis on resource management Palawan is known to be a home of several indigenous groups. In Tagabinet there is an identified indigenous community however they are residing far from the cave and their Indigenous Knowledge System and Practices (IKSP) have not yet been documented. Due to the time constraint during the conduct of the assessment, IKSP was not been part of the study. c. Historical

The history of Barangay Tagabenit started when Sebastian Lumibao, Ramon

Lumibao and Patente Basaya, all members of theTagbanua Tribe arrived in the area. According to them the area is abundant with wildlife, wild fruits and root crops and marine life. The area serves as a hiding place of the Tagbanuas during the 18th century Muslim-Tagbanua War. The place was formerly called Tagumbenit which are two tagbanua words which mean “tagum” – hiding place and “benit” – just beside/nearby/alongside. The first “Masicampo”, Tribal Chieftain during the Muslim-Tagbanua War was Masicampo Sebastian Lumibao who leads his people to hide in Tagumbenit until later on after the war the village was just simply called Tagabenit.

In 1956-58, nine (9) lowlander families from Cuyo, Palawan (Lauro Ponce de

Leon) and Provinces of Romblon (Teodolo Mingua), Aklan (Felomino Bendolo, Francisco Mameng, Rufino Cajilig Sr., Alberto Bendolo, and Vicente Mameng) and Antique (Jose Orcajada and Fortunato Orcajada thru the leadership of Mr. Teodulo Mingua arrived in the lowland areas of Tagabinet and decided to settle in the area. Marine and forest life are still abundant, however, these families started to clear the area and started to introduce Kaingin farming and planted upland rice, root crops and

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vegetables. The succeeding years from 1959-1970’s, kaingin farming became more widen and more or less 20% of the forest land of the barangay was cleared, population increases, permanent crops like coconut , mango, jackfruits and other fruit trees were also introduced and rain-fed lowland rice was also established. Tagabinet is the mother barangay of Cabayugan and other sitios existing within the PPUR area.

d. Demography

Total Population and Households Based on the 2009 CBMS Survey, Barangay Tagabinet has a total population of 1,239 individuals and 251 households which are distributed in seven puroks. Table 6 list the number of households found in each purok, with Nasuduan as the highest populace and Liyang as the lowest. It has an average household size of five.

Table 6. Number of Households in Tagabinet, 2009 Population Distribution by Sex Table 7 shows that majority of the population in Tagabinet is male (54%) and only 46% comprised the female population.

Table 7. Population Distribution by Sex, Barangay Tagabinet, City of Puerto Princesa, 2009

Purok/Sitio Total Households

Total Persons

Male Female

Nasuduan 48 249 130 119

Maligaya 45 206 107 99

Makirawa 42 221 126 95

Bayatao 39 181 91 90

Pagkakaisa 31 158 87 71

Kayasan 30 144 80 64

Liyang 16 80 43 37

T o t a l 251 1,239 664 575

Purok/Sitio No. of Households Nasuduan 48 Maligaya 45 Makirawa 42 Bayatao 39 Pagkakaisa 31 Kayasan 30 Liyang 16 Total 251

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Population Distribution by Age 46.7% of the residents of Barangay Tagabinet are 0 to 16 years old and the rest is from 17 and above.

Table 8. Population by Age, by Gender Disaggregation 2009

Age Male Female Total Percentage

0 to 5 years old 112 104 216 17.40%

6 to 12 years old 127 114 241 19.50%

13 to 16 years old 61 61 122 9.8

17 and above 364 296 660 53.30%

Total 664 575 1,239 100% Population Density Barangay Tagabinet is sparsely populated with a population density of .34 people per hectare. This happened because the area is classified as a buffer zone of the Puerto Princesa City Subterranean River National Park, thus entry of people and activities in the area are regulated. Religion Religious groups that can be found in the barangay includes the following: 1) Roman Catholic, 2) Seventh Day Adventist, 3) Jehovah’s Witness, 4) Pentecostal Church of God, and 5). Life Church. However, no data are available as to the number of membership of the above listed religious groups. Ethnic Group Majority of the ethnic group that resides in the barangay are Tagbanua, Aklanon, Rombloanon, Antiqueños, and Cuyunon, however there is no available data as for their number. Tagabinet Neighborhood Tourism Association (TNTA)

The Tagabinet Neighborhood Tourism Association is a group of individuals that join together in the intention to manage the Hundred Caves and serve as their source of alternative livelihood. Members of the association are the owners of the land surrounding the cave ecosystem. Members of the TNTA are formerly known as ACTS multi-purpose cooperative. It is composed of 76 members generally households with low income generating capacity. The association is a Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) registered entity. Determined to protect, conserve and manage the karst ecosystem where Hundred Caves is located, the lot owners formed a group which is now the TNTA. The association will undertake the caves conservation program through low impact ecotourism activity within

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specified areas of the cave identified by the PCSD. Under the Community-Based Sustainable Tourism (CBST) Program of the City of Puerto Princesa, the group is praying and applying for the management of hundred caves ecotourism activity of Hundred caves.

The officials of the TNTA are the following:

President - Mr. Ardes Cayaon Vice President - Mrs. Susan Orcajada BOD Chairman - Mr. Arturo Hermoso BOD Member - Mr. Gonzalo Coching BOD Member - Mr. Mario Juderial BOD Member - Mr. Jose Arnulfo Flores BOD Member - Mr. Charlie Flores BOD Member - Mrs. Deorita Cardejon

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2.4 Economic Profile

a. Land Use

Existing land use pattern in areas adjacent to cave are settlements and agriculture. Agricultural crops such as coconuts and bananas are planted alongside few fruit trees of papaya and mango. Open areas are dominated by rice paddies. The concentrations of local population are located in Purok Nasuduan (48 Households); Maligaya (45 Households); Makirawa (42 Households); and Bayatao (39 Households). Cultivated rice lands are very much limited and the remaining forests areas especially in Bayatao and Kayasan are utilized by both IPs and non-IPs in the gathering of non-timber forest products. The concentrations of centuries-old almaciga trees are located in the higher slopes of forest areas.

b. Resource use The proximity of the area to a UNESCO World Heritage Site regulates extractive resource utilization. Thus, only almaciga and rattan gathering are the major sources of livelihood among the local inhabitants aside from fishing and limited farming. Soft impact ecotourism activities also occur in the area such as the bird watching and caving in Ugong Rock.

Tourism/Recreational Hundred caves exploration/visitation started late in year 2005. Through word of mouth, the beautiful cave formations of the Hundred caves, which is just adjacent to the Ugong Rock, spreads to other people and resulted to a number of visits. Educational During the conduct of the assessment, no data were gathered pertaining to Hundred caves as venue for educational purposes. Agriculture The surrounding area of Hundred caves was presently utilized as rice paddies and farm lots for staple crops and fruits. Most of the beach forests in the barangay have been converted to coconut plantations and residential areas. Remaining Forest The barangay has still remaining old growth forest. Species of Amugis, Ipil, Apitong, Rumarao, Lagara, Pupuan, Nato and Baan trees are still, common and relatively dense compared to other species like Kamagong and Narra. The utilization of these resources varies according to demands and uses. Among the species that are rarely utilized are Apitong, Rumarao, Lagara and Antipolo. Apitong was the tree species that was heavily logged in the 1973-1976 by New Pagdanan Timber Company (NPTC) logging company.

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Resource extraction Hundred caves is identified to be a source of edible birds’ nests (EBN), thus collection of nests is seasonally done by gatherers. Other forest resources like rattan, pandan, balitbit, buho, bamboo, nito, orchids, anibong and pulot (honey) are among the non-timber forest products that are still common and regularly extracted or utilized by the locals as sources of livelihood.

c. Economic Activities/livelihood/enterprises

Farming, fishing and forestry are the main sources of income and employment of the residents. Some are also involved in tourism-related income generating industries/activities. Undetermined number of residents has dual or more source of income.

2.5 Political Profile

a. Political set up

Barangay Tagabinet is under the jurisdiction of the City of Puerto Princesa and technically considered as buffer zone of the PPRSNP area. It is governed by a Barangay Chairman, along with its 10 board members or Sangguniang barangay officials.

b. Jurisdictional arrangements In the Province of Palawan, the lead government agency tasked to implement the Caves Act (RA 9072) is the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development, pursuant to Republic Act No. 7611 or the Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan Act (SEP Law)2. RA 7611 provides a comprehensive policy on the protection, development, and conservation of Palawan’s natural resources through the pursuit of sustainable development3, which is the general philosophy of an environment and natural resource management framework called the SEP. The SEP framework is singled out by RA 7611 as the guide of the local government and government agencies in the formulation and implementation of plans, programs and projects (PPPs) affecting Palawan. The legal effect of this guiding framework is emphasized and its incorporation in the Regional Development Plan (MIMAROPA) is

2 Section 4, RA 9072. 3 Section 2 of SEP Law (Declaration of Policy) reads: It is hereby declared the policy of the State to protect, develop and conserve its natural resources. Toward this end, it shall assist and support the implementation of plans, programs and projects formulated to preserve and enhance the environment, and at the same time pursue the socio-economic development goals of the country. It shall support and promote the sustainable development goals for the province through proper conservation, utilization and development of natural resources to provide optimum yields on a continuing basis. […] It shall also adopt the necessary measures leading to the creation of an institutional machinery including among others, fiscal and financial programs to ensure the effective and efficient implementation of environmental plans, programs and projects. It shall also promote and encourage the involvement of all sectors of society and maximize people participation (including tribal groups) in natural resource management, conservation and protection.

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prescribed. As defined in RA 7611, sustainable development of Palawan means “the improvement in the quality of life of its people in the present and future generations through the use of complementary activities of development and conservation that protect life-support ecosystem and rehabilitate exploited areas to allow upcoming generations to sustain development growth”. This philosophy shall have three criteria, to wit:

1. Ecological viability - The physical and biological cycles that maintain the productivity of natural ecosystems must always be kept intact.

2. Social acceptability - The people, through participatory process, should be fully committed to support sustainable development activities by fostering equity in access to resources and the benefits derived from them.

3. Integrated approach - This allows for a holistic view of problems and issues obtaining in the environment as well as opportunities for coordination and sharing that will eventually provide the resources and political will to actually implement and sustain SEP activities.

This tripartite feature of the SEP framework can serve as the guiding principles of a Cave Management Plan to be formulated in Palawan. Section 10 of PCSD A.O. No. 03-08 states that the PCSD may enter into agreements pertaining to the management, protection and conservation of caves within the province of Palawan. Under such scheme, people and community empowerment will be socially addressed as well as gender sensitivity issues and IEC pertaining to conservation of caves and cave resources, including the karst environment mainstreamed into grassroots level. Local Government Code of the Philippines or RA 7160 states that caves are owned by the government. If a cave is found inside a titled land, the owner of the land may enter into an agreement with the government for the protection, conservation and management of the cave. In case of the Hundred Caves, the barangay local government of Tagabinet has the jurisdiction over the area where Hundred caves is located. In order to protect and conserve the karst system, the Barangay council issued a resolution to the Tagabinet Neighborhood Tourism Association (TNTA) giving them the temporary rights to manage the Hundred caves. c. Institutional systems Section 4 of RA 9072 or the National Caves and Caves Resources Management and Protection Act states that “The DENR shall be the lead agency tasked to implement the provisions of this Act in coordination with the Department of Tourism (DOT), the National Museum, the Natural Historical Institute and concerned local government units (LGUs) for specific caves, except that in the Province of Palawan, the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development shall be the lead implementing agency pursuant to Republic Act 7611 or the Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan Act.

One of the broad powers and functions of the PCSD is to “formulate [1] plans and [2] policies as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of” the SEP Law. The plan formulation function is already a legal basis for undertaking cave planning initiatives in Palawan. Section 10 of PCSD AO No. 8, s. 2003, further provides for

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the PCSD’s formulation of Palawan Cave Management, Protection and Conservation Program (PCMPCP) in coordination with concerned agencies. The following are the identified components of the Program:

(1) Cave Resource Assessment - inventory and mapping of caves, classification

and documentation of the biological, geological, hydrological, paleontological, archaeological and historical resources and other relevant cave information.

(2) Resource Management and Utilization - regulation of consumptive and non-consumptive use of caves and cave resources.

(3) Conservation, Education and Public Awareness - promote/raise awareness, appreciation and understanding on the importance of and benefits from caves and cave resources and draw out actions for their protection and conservation.

(4) Human Resource Development - conduct training and workshops to improve the manpower capability in the implementation of cave management and conservation activities.

(5) Research and Development - development and implementation of research/studies to support cave management and policy formulation.

The PCSD/S is empowered to enter into a Memorandum of Agreement with any Local Government Unit for the preservation, protection, development, and management of cave and cave resources located in the territorial jurisdiction of such LGU under Section 5.2 of R.A. 9072; The PCSD/S may also enter into a tripartite agreement with the LGU and the Landowner/s for the conservation, management and protection of caves and cave resources accessible through the Landowner's property.

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CHAPTER 3: LEGAL STATUS AND REGULATIONS/FRAMEWORK

a. Existing laws and regulations

Conservation, Protection, and Management of Caves and Cave Resources

The primary law on cave and cave resources management and protection in the Philippines is Republic Act No. 9072 (RA 9072), known as "National Caves and Cave Resources Management and Protection Act”. The law states that it is the policy of the State to “conserve, protect and manage caves and cave resources as part of the country’s natural wealth”. To achieve this, “the State shall strengthen cooperation and exchange of information between governmental authorities and people who utilize caves and cave resources for scientific, educational, recreational, tourism and other purposes”4. Cave Conservation, Development, and Logistic Support

In 1990, Palawan was recognized by UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) as part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, providing “a standard against which can be measured the effects of man’s impact on his environment”5. Biosphere reserves are internationally recognized areas of terrestrial and coastal/marine ecosystems that constitute a tool for the conservation of biodiversity and the sustainable use of its components6. Article 3 of The Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves (1995) provides three complementary functions for biosphere reserves:

1. Conservation - contribute to the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and

genetic variation; 2. Development - foster economic and human development which is socio-culturally and

ecologically sustainable; 3. Logistic support - support for demonstration projects, environmental education and

training, research and monitoring related to local, regional, national and global issues of conservation and sustainable development.

The combination of these three functions enables biosphere reserves to strive to be sites of excellence to explore and demonstrate approaches to conservation and sustainable development. These broad functions at the regional scale of Palawan may be devolved to the local scale of city. They can be applied as well to ecosystems and smaller management units like forests, reefs, protected areas, and caves.

4 Section 2, RA 9072. The text is available online: www.pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=27&Itemid=294 [Accessed November 2013] 5 Citation for Palawan. 6 The Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves (1995)

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Wise Use of Cave

Another broad management principle that is applicable to the caves of Puerto Princesa is the “wise use” of resources. The concept of wise use is the philosophy for wetlands under the Ramsar Convention. There are, in fact, two wetlands in Palawan which were included in the Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance: the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park and the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park. The “wise use” of wetlands in the Ramsar philosophy is defined as “the maintenance of their ecological character, achieved through the implementation of ecosystem approaches, within the context of sustainable development"7.Although not all the caves of Puerto Princesa City are not wetlands, their locations and their proximity to internationally important wetlands make the concept applicable to these caves. The Ramsar wise use concept may in fact be applied to all wetlands and water resources8 in Philippine or Palawan territory. Its application ensures that critical ecosystems can continue to support biodiversity and human welfare. The “wise use” concept of the Ramsar Convention is compatible to the sustainable development of a cave and readily complements its management plan objectives. ECAN Zoning

The SEP framework relies on a strategy called the Environmentally Critical Areas Network (ECAN), which is a graded system of protection and development control over the whole of Palawan1. The caves of Palawan are necessarily subsumed under the established ECAN. The outcomes of the ECAN, enumerated below, may be used for cave management planning and development.

Forest conservation and protection through the imposition of a total commercial

logging ban in all areas of maximum protection and in such other restricted use zones as the PCSD may provide;

Protection of Watersheds; Preservation of biological diversity; Protection of tribal people and the preservation of their culture; Maintenance of maximum sustainable yield; Protection of the rare and endangered species and their habitat; Provision of areas for environmental and ecological research, education and training;

and Provision of areas for tourist and recreation.

The ECAN zones of Puerto Princesa City are already established and adopted by the city. Hundred Caves is zoned as Multiple Use Zone of the ECAN (Figure 27). 7 Ramsar Convention [website]. What is the "wise use" of wetlands? Available online:

http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-about-faqs-what-is-wise-use/main/ramsar/1-36-37%5E7724_4000_0__ [Accessed April 2013]. 8 For a broad definition of ”wetlands” under the Ramsar Conventions, see:

http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-about-faqs-what-are-wetlands/main/ramsar/1-36- 37%5E7713_4000_0__

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b. Administrative and executive issuances

Palawan Cave Management, Protection and Conservation Program One of the broad powers and functions of the PCSD is to “formulate [1] plans and [2] policies as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of” the SEP Law. The broad provision on the planning and management of caves is contained in Section 11 of the same Order to wit: “Any person or institution that discovers a cave/caves shall report the location to the nearest PCSDS office. The PCSDS shall then plan the appropriate activities to be undertaken on the reported cave.” The selected pertinent PCSD issuances with bearing on cave management are listed in Annex B and C.

Policies related to Cave Management and Conservation Uses of Caves and Cave Resources Caves may be used for various reasons, including scientific, economic, educational, ecotourism, and other purposes. The appropriate use and allowable activities in caves shall be made by PCSD, in collaboration with concerned entities, based on the assessment and classification of the subject caves. Such activities may be subject to the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System and other related rules and regulations. The regulatory measures on the collection of animal derivatives (e.g., edible bird's nests and guano) and all other wildlife resources found inside the caves are guided by PCSD AO No. 12, s. 2011. Cave Wildlife-Related Permits Collection, extraction, and transporting of all wildlife resources and their derivatives (e.g., edible bird’s nest and guano) found inside caves shall likewise be guided by PCSD AO No. 12, s. 2011. The same Order shall cover special use permit for the collection of species from the wild for direct trade and for farming. Visitor permits for caves classified for ecotourism shall be issued by the PCSD upon prior clearance from the appropriate tourism office. The PCSD shall not issue permits for the removal of stalactites and stalagmites or any cave resources when doing so may adversely affect the value of a significant cave. Section 17 of National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009 (RA 10066) authorizes the National Museum (NM) “to collect, maintain and develop the national reference collections of Philippine flora and fauna, rocks and minerals through research and field collection of specimens including Important Cultural Property within the territorial jurisdiction of the Philippines.” NM is likewise exempted from all permitting systems regulating the same. Nevertheless, NM

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shall inform the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the Department of Agriculture of such collection. In Palawan, the NM may extend courtesy call to the PCSD whenever there is an activity related to systematic research in natural history. Research Inside Caves The clearance for undertaking research inside caves shall be covered by any one of two PCSD AOs, depending on the scope of the research. All wildlife-related research shall be covered by regulations under PCSD AO No. 12, s. 2011. Otherwise, the SEP Clearance System (PCSD AO No. 6, s. 2008) shall regulate the research. When it comes to cultural, archaeological, or anthropological research by foreign nationals, the authority to regulate and supervise such activity resides in the NM, pursuant to the provisions of RA 10066. With respect to historical anthropological matters, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines will be the authority. Researches by Filipinos, especially members of indigenous cultural communities, are encouraged. Treasure Hunting and Archaeological Exploration and Excavation in Caves The NM reserves the right to issue permits and licenses pertaining to treasure hunting as per RA 10066. It shall formulate rules and regulations that will govern such undertaking. Any terrestrial and/or underwater archaeological explorations and excavations specifically to obtain materials and data of cultural value shall require written authority from the NM. Further, the archaeologists and/or representatives of the NM shall have direct site supervision of these activities. The NM shall have direct jurisdiction and supervision of excavations, explorations, and all earth-moving activities in caves, rock shelters, and their vicinities all over the Philippines, when such areas “may have been used in the prehistoric past by man either for habitation, religious and/or sacred and burial purposes”, Mining in caves shall likewise require a written permit and clearance from the NM. Laymen are prohibited from doing excavations in caves. Discovery of Any Cultural or Historical Property Section 30 (b) of RA 10066 provides for the procedure to be followed when cultural or historical property is discovered in a cave, to wit: “When the presence of any cultural or historical property is discovered, the National Museum or the National Historical Institute shall immediately suspend all activities that will affect the site and shall immediately notify the local government unit having jurisdiction of the place where the discovery was made. The local government shall promptly adopt measures to protect and safeguard the integrity of the cultural property so discovered and within five (5) days from the discovery shall report the same to the appropriate agency. The suspension

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of these activities shall be lifted only upon the written authority of the National Museum or the National Historical Institute and only after the systematic recovery of the archaeological materials.” Caves within Private Lands All caves and cave resources, including all cultural properties found therein, belong to the State. Hence, landowners with caves inside their properties must secure necessary permits and clearances from the PCSD and/or the NM for the use, collection, or removal of any resources in the caves. Caves inside Ancestral Domains Consistent with the provisions of The Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act of 1997 (RA 8371) and its implementing rules and regulations, all agencies and any entity must secure free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) from concerned indigenous peoples (IPs) before the conduct of research and other activities in caves within ancestral domains/lands. The PCSD, however, may no longer be required to secure FPIC from concerned IPs in the management and protection of caves and cave resources within ancestral domains. In the case of caves and cave resources with archaeological, cultural, or anthropological values, the NM may no longer be required to secure the same in their research and activities. This is because RA 9072 and RA 10066 are promulgated after the passage of RA 8371 and thus supersede certain provisions of the latter. However, these laws do not preclude the PCSD and the NM to extend courtesy calls, information drives, and consultations with indigenous peoples prior to their activities in caves. With respect to the indigenous properties, Section 21 of RA 10066 provides that “the appropriate cultural agency in consultation with the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples shall establish a program and promulgate regulations to assist indigenous people in preserving their particular cultural and historical properties.” Cave Tourism There are several models of cave tourism management in the Philippines, the foremost of which is the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park which, due to its high aesthetic and landscape value, is recognized as a prime tourist destination in Palawan. It is being managed by the City of Puerto Princesa through the Protected Area Management Board. The Tabon Caves Reservation is an important archaeological site and is being managed by the National Museum. A cave in El Nido is also a recent archaeological site. At the national level, tourism is guided by several laws, issuances, and plans like the National Tourism Development Plan 2011-20169. For Palawan, the strong environmental component makes ecotourism a viable strategy in the development of resources like caves. The National Ecotourism Strategy which came out in 2002 adapts the Bohol Congress definition of ecotourism as “a form of sustainable tourism within a natural and cultural heritage area where

9 http://www.visitmyphilippines.com/index.php?title=NTDPFINALDRAFT&func=all&pid=3203&tbl=1

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community participation, protection and management of natural resources, culture and indigenous knowledge and practices, environmental education and ethics, as well as economic benefits are fostered and pursued for the enrichment of host communities and the satisfaction of visitors.”10 Executive Order No. 111 (Establishing the Guidelines for Ecotourism Development in the Philippines)11 creates a formal organizational structure for the development of ecotourism in the country. It creates a National Ecotourism Development Council (NEDC), composed of the secretaries of Tourism, Environment and Natural Resources, Interior and Local Government, Trade and Industry, Finance, Education, the Secretary General of the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA), and representatives from the private sector and non-government organizations (NGOs). The NEDC is a policy-making body for ecotourism and is chaired by the Department of Tourism and co-chaired by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources.

c. Land tenure Lot owners surrounding the karst/cave system possess existing tax declarations certified by the City Assessors’ Office (CAO) of Puerto Princesa. These persons together with other households of the barangay organized a group/association which aims to protect and manage the cave and surrounding environment. They called themselves Tagabinet Neighborhood Tourism Association (TNTA).

d. Local ordinances and other issuances Table 9 lists the local ordinances, resolutions and other issuances pertaining to the Hundred Caves which shall be considered and serve as additional guide in the conservation and management of the Hundred Caves.

10

National Ecotourism Strategy. 2002. Prepared by National Ecotourism Steering Committee and Ecotourism Technical Working Group, through the New Zealand Official Development Assistance. Available online: http://www.chm.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=210&Itemid=122 11

http://www.gov.ph/1999/06/17/executive-order-no-111-s-1999/

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Table 9. List of local ordinances and other issuances

Ordinance/ Resolution No.

Title Date of Issuance

Kapasyahan Bilang 04 Serye 2013

Kapasyahan na nag-iindorso sa Acts Marketing Cooperative na mangasiwa ng isang proyektong Pangturismo, ang Hundred Caves ng Barangay Tagabinet, Lungsod ng Puerto Princesa

February 1, 2013

Kapasyahan Bilang 8 series of 2014

Kapasyahan na nagpapawalang-bisa sa Kapasyahan bilang 04 serye 2013 na nag-iindorso sa Acts Marketing Cooperative na mangasiwa ng isang proyekong pangtorismo, ang Hundred Caves ng Barangay Tagabinet, Lungsod ng Puerto Princesa

February 10, 2014

Kapasyahan Bilang 9 Series of 2014

Kapasyahan na nag-iindorso sa Tagabinet Neighborhood Tourism Association na magasiwa sa proyektong pang torismo ang One Hundred Cave bilang kapalit ng Acts marketing Cooperative na pinawalang bias ng kapasyahan bilang 08 serye 2014

February 10, 2014

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CHAPTER 4: PAST AND CURRENT INITIATIVES

a. Past and on-going activities The barangay council passed a resolution permitting the Tagabinet Neighborhood Tourism Association (TNTA) to manage the Hundred Caves. The TNTA through its board of directors requested PCSD Staff to conduct a cave assessment. An application to open the area as an ecotourism site is also submitted to the City government of Puerto Princesa. In response, series of trainings and workshops were conducted by the City Tourism Office (CTO). These activities aim to educate, train and capacitate members of the TNTA in relation to Cave Guiding, safety and basic caving; tour guiding and visitor handling, marketing and business product development and tourism in general. The PCSD Staff also conducted planning workshop for the development of the management plan for the Hundred Caves. During the activity, both the barangay council and members of the TNTA showed their interests, through active participation and enthusiasm

b. Researches/Scientific Studies

The cave serves as a study site for several researches and scientific studies such as the following:

i. A workshop was conducted on August 23-27, 2014 by the Research Institute on Tropical Medicine (RITM) in cooperation with the UPLB Field Museum entitled “Training on Cave Bats Survey: Identification, Biology, Population census and Cave survey and mapping”. It was participated by PPUR staff, PCSD staff and local stakeholders. As part of the practicum, participants did explore the cave and did markings inside the cave.

ii. Cave Assessment, Mapping and Classification conducted by PCSDS Cave

Assessment Team on September 24-28, 2014. c. Implementing institutions, agencies or persons

RA 9072, as made applicable to the province of Palawan, is supported by the PCSD Administrative Order No. 8, s. 2003, as amended and complemented by several issuances. While the implementation of the law is primarily lodged with the PCSD, several agencies are called to collaborate with the PCSD in its implementation, as summarized in Annex D. Palawan Caves Management, Protection and Conservation Committee12 At the provincial level, the Environment and Natural Resources (ENR) Committee of the PCSD shall act as the Palawan Caves Management, Protection and Conservation Committee (PCMPCC) and, concurrently, as Palawan Wildlife Management Committee. The function of the PCMPCC is to assist the PCSD in the implementation of RA 9072. In

12

PCSD Resolution No. 13-484.

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addition to the existing members of ENR Committee, representatives of the following agencies are included as committee members of the PCMPCC.

i. National Museum ii. National Historical Commission of the Philippines [formerly the National

Historical Institute] iii. Department of Tourism iv. Local Government Units through the League of Mayors

City Cave Committee13 At the city level, a Puerto Princesa Cave Committee (PPCC) shall be created. It shall be led by the local chief executive and shall be composed of representatives from the coordinating agencies, academe, and non-government organizations, among others. The function of the PPCC is to ensure the implementation of city program on cave management, protection, and conservation.

City ECAN Board In the absence of a constituted PPCC, the City ECAN Board duly created under PCSD AO No. 10, s. 200514 and PCSD Resolution No. 05-250, may in the interim be tapped to act as the PPCC. The ECAN Board is a multi-sectoral, coordinative, and advisory body to the local government unit (LGU) tasked to assist in: the development of plans and programs to implement the ECAN at the city level; protection and management of the environment in the local areas; the promotion of sustainable utilization of natural resources; the monitoring of development projects to ensure their compatibility with the ECAN zones and local environmental conditions; and the facilitation of the flow of activities, documents and decision-making processes related to the efficient and effective implementation of the ECAN. As with the composition of the PCMPCC the membership of the City ECAN Board can be expanded to include concerned agencies and entities like National Museum, National Historical Commission of the Philippines, and Department of Tourism.

13

Section 10, PCSD AO No. 8, s. 2003. 14 PCSD AO No. 10, s. 2005. GUIDELINES IN THE CREATION AND/OR RECONSTITUTION OF ECAN BOARDS IN

THE CITY/ CITYITIES OF PALAWAN", IMPLEMENTING SECTIONS 37-39 OF PCSD RESOLUTION NO. 05-250, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE REVISED ECAN GUIDELINES. Online: http://pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/admin/admin10S2005.htm

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CHAPTER 5: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

a. Threats to Cave Ecosystem There are many identified threats to the Hundred Caves especially on its biophysical aspect. Among the threats are the presence of cave hazards, destruction of rock formations, loss of wildlife species, decline in edible bird’s nest production and the unregulated and massive number of visitors that enter the cave. There are also reports that the lack of governance and enforcement implementation as well as lack of human resource poses threat to the cave and cave ecosystem. If these threats will not be addressed, this might lead to the disruption of normal processes that occur during cave evolution. Moreover, there is a tendency for cave visitors to explore and unconsciously destroy cave speleothems and speleogen. Entrance in the cave has to be regulated to cushion the impact of “mass tourism”. Delineating a buffer zone around the Hundred Caves as well as development of other activities outside the cave can minimize the existing and potential adverse effects of economic activities.

b. Cave Uses and Opportunities

Hundred Caves has good potential for tourism. The cave can carry soft impact ecotourism activities such as cave tour, cave photography, birdwatching, guided educational tours and visits, and scientific studies. It can be opened to experienced or inexperienced cavers but the visit must be regulated. Hundred Caves is primarily classified as Class II cave. This means that the cave may have areas or sections that have hazardous conditions and contain sensitive geological, biological, archaeological, cultural, historical, and biological values or high quality ecosystem. It may be necessary to close sections of these caves seasonally or permanently.

c. Situational Analysis

Need to Capacitate the Stakeholders for Strong Local Involvement in Cave Protection, Conservation, and Management A major consideration to the success of management interventions in Hundred Caves is resolving any conflict in the area, particularly among the members of the TNTA. During the planning workshop, stakeholders identified that there is lack of educational information among members of the community and issues on values and practices. To address these, the community recognizes the need for the conduct of trainings and seminars, team building activities and spiritual counseling. Although the owners of the land surrounding the cave have already agreed to allow the association to use their land, there is still a need to come up with a written document to prevent conflict in the future. As to the management of the cave, a tri-partite Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) between the PCSD, local government and the TNTA can be undertaken since the TNTA is willing to be the local cave management body.

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Responsibilities and accountabilities of each agency must be clearly identified; management infrastructure must also be set. Members of the management body should be literate about the management plan and they must be able to adopt their own policies for sound cave management. They should be empowered to provide organizational arrangements to involve all stakeholders in cave management. As such, they need to be capacitated and strengthened to enhance its linkage and networking with national and local management authorities such as the PCSD, NM, NHCP, and DOT. Need for a Strict Implementation and Monitoring of Cave and other related Laws, Rules and Regulation There are several existing cave and cave-related laws, rules and regulations. One of the gaps identified based from several studies within the Philippine setting is poor implementation of the management plan and absence of monitoring on the ground. In effect, cave and cave resources are among those assets which are damaged or destroyed prior to studies and documentation. Some of the rock formations inside the Hundred Caves are already damaged and there are areas proliferated by vandals and graffiti’s such as in the main entrance, along the walls and flooring of the cave system and at the entrance below the bat chamber. This has been attributed to uncontrolled tourism, exploration activities and uncontrolled edible birds nest collection. Need for a “Green Tourism” Program for the Cave The proximity of the Hundred Caves to the famous Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park (locally known as the Puerto Princesa Underground River (PPUR)) can be considered as an advantage. At present, the city offers a limited tourist destination for its guests: city tour, PPUR and Honda Bay tour. In most cases, Puerto Princesa only serves as a jump-off point going to El Nido and San Vicente. In effect, revenue from tourism industry does not radiate to the large portion of Puerto Princesa. In cases wherein guests intend to visit PPUR during bad weather condition, the PPUR management office is oblige to cancel the tour and the only alternative is the Ugong Rock experience which only takes about an hour. Other than this, no other attraction can be offered in the site, thus resulting to low satisfaction among visitors. But if the Hundred Caves will start its operation, the city can offer additional tourist destination for its guests. With its characteristics, guests will be able to have a different experience other that the PPUR tour. Some of the possible activities that the Hundred Caves can offer are caving, rock climbing, bird watching and nature trekking. A viable livelihood option in the islands is green tourism which is an environment and culture-friendly option that can bring benefits direct to the grassroots level. Green tourism, particularly one that is anchored on Community-Based Ecotourism (CBET) or Community-Based Sustainable Tourism (CBST), can address both environmental conservation and socio-economic improvement of the local communities.

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In green tourism, there is no need to rely on high-end tourism infrastructure and services and to put up hard infrastructures. Green tourism can be a platform for public-private partnerships (PPP) and strong community support and participation. Ecotourism becomes more significant when actually participated in and supported by the local communities15. Barangay Tagabinet hosts various caves thus a green tourism program for the barangay centered on cave exploration needs to consider various elements including the visitation management, tourism infrastructure development, establishment of an equitable income sharing and user’s fee system, and accreditation of tourism establishments, among others.

15

Libosada 2006, p. 37.

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CHAPTER 6: THE MANAGEMENT PLAN

This management plan envisions to develop an ecotourism program for Hundred Caves to ensure ecological integrity of the cave and its ecosystem through sustainable management of an empowered local community group thereby providing alternative source of livelihood. 6.1 Mission Statement It is the aim of this plan to preserve the ecosystem of Hundred Caves and to develop the area as ecotourism site to serve as source of alternative livelihood for the local stakeholders. Specifically, the plan’s immediate objectives are:

a. To delineate and mark boundaries of the cave system on the ground as an effective on-site aid to the overall management

b. To establish soft-impact safety measures inside and at the surrounding cave ecosystem

c. To rehabilitate and restore degraded areas d. To capacitate the Tagabinet Neighborhood Tourism Association in the management

of the cave based on guidelines of the Community-based Sustainable Tourism (CBST) Program of the Puerto Princesa City

e. To secure the necessary permit from the city government to start the operation of the cave as an ecotourism site

f. To secure funds for the construction of infrastructures for the visitors g. To promote responsible ecotourism through promotional activities and materials h. To be included in the tourism loop of the Puerto Princesa City

6.2 Outcome

This plan has three interlinked outcomes as follows:

4. to protect and manage the cave in an integrated and adaptive manner, 5. to efficiently use the cave and the resources therein, and 6. to safeguard the cave ecosystem’s resilience and stability and enhance its

productivity. The mission, outcomes, and strategies of the Plan are illustrated in the following diagram. It shows an integrated, ecosystem-based approach to cave management. Overlaps indicate the common thematic areas for possible synergy between component outcomes of the plan.

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Figure 28. Objectives of the Management Plan

6.3 Plan Components The following matrix shows major components of the Cave Management Plan under each desired outcome and alongside the threats and issues they address. The specific actions in each component are enumerated in the next section.

Table 10. The major outcomes of the Cave Management Plan and the corresponding problems addressed and components

Major problem, issue, need, or priority to be addressed

Plan component

OUTCOME 1: ESTABLISHED AND STRENGTHENED CAVE

GOVERNANCE, STEWARDSHIP, AND ADVOCACY

Lack of cave environment protection

Land use conversion

Policy Reform and Development

Lack of a cave governing body Human Resources Development Lack of mechanism for a science-

based decision making on cave management

Research and Development

Lack of a coherent cave advocacy program

IEC and Advocacy

OUTCOME 2: REDUCED CAVE THREATS AND ENHANCED

CAVE ECOSYSTEM SECURITY

Lack of cave environment

protection Land use conflict (potential

problem) Agriculture development

Cave Protection and Management

Waste Management

Established "Green Tourism" program for

cave

Strengthened cave governance,

stewardship and advocacy

Reduced cave threats and enhanced cave ecosystem security

Ecological Integrity and stakeholders’ empowermen

t

Conservation and

protection off cave

and cave support

systems

Cave policy

development, IEC, tri-

partite agreement

Community capacity

development,

implementation of

HCMP

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Major problem, issue, need, or priority to be addressed

Plan component

Uncontrolled recreation/tourism Treasure hunting (potential

problem) Human settlement in the cave

periphery Economic activities in and

around cave periphery

Zoning of Cave and Cave Periphery

OUTCOME 3: ESTABLISHED GREEN TOURISM FOR CAVE

Uncontrolled recreation/tourism Lack of cave tourism

infrastructure

Green Tourism and Cave Visitor Management

Livelihood Development

6.3 Management Strategies and Intervention The management strategies of this plan are based on the community planning workshop conducted. Through the workshop it was identified that the TNTA has initiatives to secure permit for the operation of the Hundred Caves as an ecotourism destination. The barangay council through Barangay Chairman Arnold Cayaon and its Barangay Councilors confirmed that a resolution has been issued to TNTA allowing them to manage and protect the Hundred Caves and conduct ecotourism activities. Hence, the plan is centered about the establishment of an ecotourism program as an alternative livelihood. As such this management plan designates many of the management tasks to the designated community management body, the Tagabinet Neighborhood Tourism Association. Many of the tasks are also lead or shared by other supporting organizations or groups such as PCSD, City Government of Puerto Princesa, the academe and the barangay council. Hundred Caves Management Action Plan is presented in Table 11 below.

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Table 11. Hundred Caves Management Action Plan

OUTCOMES COMPONENT OBJECTIVES TARGETS ACTION OUTPUT / INDICATORS RESPONSIBILITY 1. To establish and strengthen cave governance, promote stewardship, and implement advocacy actions

A. Policy Reform and Development

A1. To implement Hundred Caves Management Plan (HCMP)

1) HCMP presented and approved by community, LGU, and PCSD

1) Presentation of the HCMP before the community, barangay LGU, DOT, PCSD, and other stakeholders

- Presentations and consultations held

LGU, PCSDS, DOT, TNTA, PPUR-PMO Other Stakeholders

2) HCMP adopted by barangay and city LGU

1) Adoption of the HCMP by the LGU

- Barangay and SP resolutions

LGU

2) Integration of HCMP to the city CLUP

- HCMP integrated with CLUP

LGU, PCSDS

3) Implementation of the actions prescribed in the HCMP

- Actions implemented as per work plan

LGU, PPCC/ECAN Board/Cave Mgt. Body

3) Community aware of the HCMP

1) Information, Education, Communication (IEC) on the HCMP

- IEC activities conducted LGU, PCSDS, TNTA

- No. of individuals covered by IEC activities

LGU

A2. To form a Puerto Princesa Cave Committee who will administer the implementation of the HCMP ***

1) PPCC formed and organized

1) Study the feasibility of organizing an PPCC from the existing City ECAN Board (studies to include composition, powers, and functions of the PPCC)

- Report on the feasibility of expanding to powers of the ECAN Board to absorb the powers and functions of an PPCC

LGU, PPCC/ECAN Board

2) Passage of a resolution creating an PPCC, specifying its mandate, composition, powers and functions,

- City resolution forming the PPCC

LGU

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OUTCOMES COMPONENT OBJECTIVES TARGETS ACTION OUTPUT / INDICATORS RESPONSIBILITY and frequency of meetings (among other provisions)

3) Conduct regular meeting to discuss the implementation of HCMP and other issues

- Minutes of meetings ECAN Board, TNTA

B. Human Resources Development

B1. To capacitate members of PPCC on cave governance and ecological concepts***

1) PPCC Members trained/informed on Caves Act and other cave policies, cave ecosystem management, and cave ecology, including but not limited to the following topics: cave wildlife, cave geology, economic value of cave ecosystems, Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES), best practices on ecotourism

1) Attend training on cave governance, planning, and management

- No. of members trained PPCC/ECAN Board, PCSDS

B2. To capacitate local residents living near Hundred Caves about the importance and benefits of Cave conservation and their role as protectors of cave

1) Local residents trained in cave protection and stewardship

1) Attend general training on cave protection and stewardship

- Information drive held and local residents trained

ECAN Board, Community, Barangay LGU, TNTA

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OUTCOMES COMPONENT OBJECTIVES TARGETS ACTION OUTPUT / INDICATORS RESPONSIBILITY B3. To recruit and

capacitate "Hundred Caves stewards and protectors" among local residents who will look after the cave, ensure its security, and perform regular cave inspection and clean up

1) Local residents trained in cave safety, exploration skills, basic first aid training, and basic life support training

1) Training of cave stewards and protectors

- Trained cave stewards and protectors

ECAN Board, Community, Barangay LGU, Cave Stewards and Protectors, TNTA

2) Local residents deputized as "Hundred Caves stewards and protectors"

1) Deputation of cave stewards and protectors

- Trained and deputized cave stewards and protectors

PPCC, Community, Barangay LGU, Cave Stewards and Protectors

B4. To attend national and regional cave conferences, seminars, trainings, and workshops***

1) Attendance to national/regional cave conventions and capacity building activities

1) Attend cave conventions - No. of participants to cave conferences

PPCC, LGU, PCSDS, Cave Stewards and Protectors

B5. To visit existing cave systems under sustainable management (e.g., Sagada, PPSRNP, Tabon Cave)***

1) Visit to model cave management system within or outside Palawan

1) Lakbay-Aral - No. of visitors to model cave areas

LGU, PCSDS, Cave Stewards and Protectors

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OUTCOMES COMPONENT OBJECTIVES TARGETS ACTION OUTPUT / INDICATORS RESPONSIBILITY B6. To procure caving

equipment for use by cave guides, cave stewards and protectors, and CPEOs

1) Purchase of caving equipment

1) Canvass and buying of caving equipment

- No. of equipment acquired LGU, CPEO, TNTA, Cave Stewards and Protectors

B7. To purchase enforcement devices and equipments for CPEOs

1) Purchase of cave enforcement devices and equipments

1) Canvass and buying of cave enforcement devices and equipments

- No. of devices and equipments acquired

PPCC, LGU, CPEO

C. Research and Development

C1. To improve basic knowledge on Hundred Caves ecosystem including its socioeconomic setting

1) Interdisciplinary field surveys and research on Hundred Caves undertaken by authorities and specialists. Topics include, but are not limited to, the following: (a) baseline plant and animal population surveys and biodiversity assessment, (b) assessment of vulnerability of cave and surrounding vegetation to potential climate change impacts, (c) ecotourism carrying capacity studies, and (d) socioeconomic study of Hundred Caves and its setting

1) Conduct of cave research in various disciplines

- Outputs of scientific researches undertaken in Hundred Cave

Specialists and Researchers from the Academe (Geologists, Geographers, Biologists, Architects, Sociologists, Economists), Research Institutions, NM, NHCP, PCSDS, NGOs, NGAs

2) Presentation of research findings to ECAN Board and local residents

- Presentations held Researchers, PPCC, LGU, PCSD/S

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OUTCOMES COMPONENT OBJECTIVES TARGETS ACTION OUTPUT / INDICATORS RESPONSIBILITY

D. IEC and Advocacy

D1. To implement an IEC and Advocacy Plan for Hundred Caves protection, protection, and management

1) Hundred Caves IEC and Advocacy Plan formulated

1) Data gathering and conduct of workshops to prepare an IEC and Advocacy Plan

- Data gathered and workshops held

PPCC, LGU, PCSDS, Community

2) Writing of the IEC and Advocacy Plan

- Hundred Caves IEC and Advocacy Plan drafted

PPCC, LGU, PCSDS, Community

2) Photography and video documentation of Hundred Caves

1) Documentation of the cave through photography and video

- Photographs and videos taken of Hundred Caves

PPCC, LGU, PCSDS, TNTA

3) IEC and advocacy materials for various media (print, radio, television, brochures, flyers, streamers, posters, online/website, social networking sites) designed

1) Preparation of Hundred Caves IEC materials

- No. of IEC materials PPCC, LGU, PCSDS, Community

4) Dissemination of IEC materials

1) Publication, broadcast, and distribution of Hundred Caves IEC materials

- No. of communities/individuals reached by IEC and advocacy activities

DENR, PPCC, LGU, PCSDS, Community

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OUTCOMES COMPONENT OBJECTIVES TARGETS ACTION OUTPUT / INDICATORS RESPONSIBILITY 6) Cave protection and

conservation integrated in elementary grade curriculum***

1) Teaching of cave protection and conservation in class***

- Cave protection and conservation integrated in the teachers' lesson plans

DepEd, PPCC

E. Cave Protection and Management

E1. To enter into MOA (between and among PCSD, city and barangay LGUs, and land claimant/TNTA) on cave ecosystem conservation, protection, and resource use of Hundred Caves

1) MOA on cave protection, conservation, and management specifying controls on the regulation of agricultural expansion around the cave, and administration of the HCMP

1) Dialogues/roundtable discussions with all land owner/claimant of Hundred Caves location and resolution of any land use conflicts

- Land owner/claimant consulted and conflicts resolved - Rules and responsibilities of the TNTA, PPCC, and PCSD identified - Management agreement settled

PCSD, LGUs, Community, Land Claimant/TNTA

2) Preparation of draft MOA specifying responsibilities and expected output of each stakeholder, roundtable discussions on MOA contents, and MOA signing

- MOA signed PCSD, LGUs, Community, Land Claimant/TNTA

E2. To enhance vegetative cover of the area surrounding the cave (tied to the National Greening Program convergence initiative)

1) Suitable indigenous forest trees planted around the cave

1) Enrichment planting of cave environs

- No. of seedlings planted DENR, PPCC, LGU, Community

2) Monitoring of trees planted - Survival rate of planted trees

DENR, PPCC, LGU, Community

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OUTCOMES COMPONENT OBJECTIVES TARGETS ACTION OUTPUT / INDICATORS RESPONSIBILITY 2) Incentive system

established for locals who planted trees within the cave management area

1) Development of a scheme where planters of trees will be given incentives (e.g., a certain amount for a surviving planted tree)

- Incentives given to locals who planted and maintained trees

PPCC, LGU

3) Local nursery established for production and maintenance of seedlings***

1) Nursery establishment and maintenance***

- Established tree nursery manned with staff and provided with necessary equipments


4) Seedlings produced*** 1) Seedling production*** - No. of seedlings produced DENR, PPCC, LGU, Community

2. To reduce cave threats and enhance cave ecosystem security

E3. To deputize Cave Protection Enforcement Officer (CPEO)***

1) CPEOs deputized 1) Design of training module for CPEOs

- CPEO training design, materials, and kits

PCSDS

2) Recruitment and training of CPEOs from barangay and city LGUs, local NGOs, community organizations, IPs, volunteers, and law enforcement agencies (PNP, AFP, NBI)

- Training held PCSDS, PPCC, LGUs, NGOs, Community, PNP, AFP, NBI

3) Deputation of CPEOs - CPEOs formally deputized PCSD, PCSDS, PPCC, CPEO

E4. To classify Hundred Caves as Class III cave

1) Hundred Caves classified as Class III Cave

1) Submission of technical recommendations to PCSD for cave classification

- PCSD resolution classifying Hundred Caves as Class III cave

PCSD/S, PCMPCC

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OUTCOMES COMPONENT OBJECTIVES TARGETS ACTION OUTPUT / INDICATORS RESPONSIBILITY 2) Submission of PCSD resolution to

DENR MIMAROPA for inclusion of Hundred Caves in the national list of assessed and classified caves

- Hundred Caves included in the national list of caves

PCSD/S, PCMPCC, DENR MIMAROPA, NCC

3) Information drive about the classification of the cave and its specific chambers/passages

- Information about cave classification and prohibition of entry in certain chambers and mazes shared to stakeholders


E5. To evaluate and monitor the implementation of the HCMP and assess cave management effectiveness

1) Assessment of outputs and indicators contained in the HCMP

1) Semestral evaluation and monitoring of HCMP accomplishments

- Report on HCMP monitoring and evaluation

PPCC, PCSDS, Monitoring and Evaluation Team (to be created), Academe

2) Assessment of cave management effectiveness

1) Annual assessment of cave management effectiveness

- Report on cave management effectiveness

PPCC, PCSDS, Monitoring and Evaluation Team (to be created), Academe

F. Waste Management

F1. To clean up the cave and surrounding areas regularly and restore the cave's aesthetics

1) Cleaning of plastic wastes, bottles, and wood debris in and around the cave, as well as graffiti and vandals inside the cave

1) Mobilization and clean up of cave wastes, graffiti, and vandals

- Volume of waste collected/cleaned up

PPCC, LGU, Community, DepEd, NGOs

- Cave features cleaned up PPCC, LGU, Community

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OUTCOMES COMPONENT OBJECTIVES TARGETS ACTION OUTPUT / INDICATORS RESPONSIBILITY F2. To characterize

the wastes produced in Hundred Caves and plan for their management or disposal

1) Cave waste analyzed and characterized

1) Inventory and classification of wastes

- Waste analysis and characterization (WAC) report - Waste management plan developed

PPCC, LGU, Community, Cave Stewards and Protectors

2) Waste Management Plan developed

1) Identification of applicable and appropriate ways to manage wastes

- Waste management plan developed

PPCC, LGU, Community, Cave Stewards and Protectors

G. Zoning of Cave and Cave Periphery

G1. To clearly define the boundaries/limits of Hundred Caves management area, taking into consideration the direct and indirect effects of human activities in the cave system

1) Boundary of Hundred Caves management area delineated

1) Survey and mapping of the vicinity, inside the Hundred Caves and "impact zones" around it

- Draft map of Hundred Caves management area

PPCC, LGU, Community, PCSDS, PCMPCC

2) Presentation of Hundred Caves management boundary to stakeholders

- Presentation of map and finalization of map

PPCC, LGU, Community, PCSDS, PCMPCC

3) Printing of cave location maps and posting of the map in the locality

- Map reproduced and displayed in strategic areas

PPCC, LGU, Community, PCSDS

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OUTCOMES COMPONENT OBJECTIVES TARGETS ACTION OUTPUT / INDICATORS RESPONSIBILITY 4) Boundary demarcation using

suitable natural monuments (bio-fencing) or non-destructive concrete monuments AFTER seeking advice from experts

- Monuments planted around the cave


G2. To prepare existing land use/land cover (LU-LC) map around the cave

1) LU-LC mapping around Hundred Caves

1) Data gathering, field work, ground truthing, map production, social ground truthing

- LU-LC map of Hundred Caves


G3. To gather demographic data and conduct cultural mapping of the area

1) Census survey and cultural mapping undertaken

1) Gathering of demographic and cultural data of Hundred Caves area

- Demographic and cultural information gathered

PPCC, LGU, PCSDS

G4. To classify management zones around the cave using available information (LU-LC map) and through participatory cave management zoning

1) Identified zones, which may include: restoration and rehabilitation zone, agroforestry zone, ecotourism zone, strict protection zone, cave buffer zone

1) Participatory cave system zoning - Hundred Caves management zones map


G5. To prescribe allowable and prohibited uses in each cave management zone

1) Identified uses of the cave (can be an input to the Cave Visitor Management Plan)

1) Participatory zones use prescription - Well-defined uses for each management zone


G6. To pass a local resolution or ordinance prescribing

1) Resolution on Hundred Caves system management zone map and prescribed

1) SP deliberations, reconnaissance, and preparation of draft cave management zones map and

- Draft cave management zones map (with cave buffer zone) prepared

SP, PPCC, LGU, Community, PCSDS, NM

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OUTCOMES COMPONENT OBJECTIVES TARGETS ACTION OUTPUT / INDICATORS RESPONSIBILITY the zones and uses of Hundred Caves management area

uses for each zone adopted (specifically delineating cave core and buffer zones where land use conversion from forest to other uses will not be allowed)

resolution

2) Public hearing on cave management zones map

- Stakeholder issues on cave management zones map heard, discussed, and addressed


3) Passage of a local ordinance delineating cave management zones and prescribing uses per zone

- City resolution adopting Hundred Caves management zones map and allowable/prohibited uses per zone (specifically ordering cessation of land use conversion in cave core and buffer zones)


3. To establish a "green tourism" program for cave

H. Green Tourism and Cave Visitor Management

H1. To enter into a joint MOA on cave ecotourism development among cave and ecotourism authorities and stakeholders

1) Cave ecotourism development study undertaken as basis of MOA (the study investigates potential cave ecotourism nature products, strategy, mechanisms, leadership, inputs, participation and partnership, and institutional arrangements)

1) Conduct a comprehensive study of Hundred Caves exploration ecotourism product

- Hundred Caves ecotourism study prepared

PPCC, PCSD, NM, DENR, LGU, DOT, NHCP, Consultant

2) MOA drafted and signed 1) Develop a MOA governing Hundred Caves ecotourism program

- MOA signed and entered into

PPCC, PCSD, NM, DENR, LGU, DOT,

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OUTCOMES COMPONENT OBJECTIVES TARGETS ACTION OUTPUT / INDICATORS RESPONSIBILITY NHCP

H2. To identify and capacitate personnel that will manage and ensure that the “green tourism” program for cave is implemented

1) Designate a management body, its structure and personnel

1) Identify personnel needs and qualifications who will manage the cave 2) Interview and hire qualified personnel

- List of Qualifications for personnel identified - Hiring of personnel

PPCC, LGU

1) Knowledge on cave green tourism program increased

1) Conduct seminars and trainings, moral value formation, and team building activities

- Increased knowledge on cave green tourism program implementation

- Relationship, trust and camaraderie among personnel established

PPCC, LGU

H3. To formulate a code of conduct for visitors of Hundred Caves (can be used as input in the Cave Visitor Management Plan (CVMP) )and publication of the same in conspicuous places

1) Code of conduct drafted (with assistance from DOT)

1) Formulate code of conduct for cave visitors in accordance with existing policies

Transparency among community members/conduct of regular meeting

NM, PPCC, LGU, PCSDS, DOT, City Tourism Office, Provincial Tourism Office

2) Code of conduct discussed among stakeholders

1) Presentation of code of conduct for cave visitors to stakeholders

Spiritual counseling among members

NM, PPCC, LGU, PCSDS, CTO, PTO, DOT

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OUTCOMES COMPONENT OBJECTIVES TARGETS ACTION OUTPUT / INDICATORS RESPONSIBILITY 3) Code of conduct finalized

and adopted 1) Code of conduct for cave visitors finalized and adopted by LGU

- Finalized code of conduct on cave visitation

PPCC, LGU

H4. To ensure legal operation of the Hundred Caves Ecotourism Project

1) Secure necessary permits from the LGU, PCSD and other permitting agency

1) Coordination with permitting agencies about their requirements 2) Submission of complete documents/requirements

- Issuance of Permits TNTA

H5. To develop a cave guide checklist and appropriate itinerary for Hundred Caves visitors

1) Cave guide checklist and itinerary for guided tour of the cave (with appropriate field tour routes within and around the cave) developed

1) Formulate (a) checklist of do’s and don’ts for cave guides and (b) tour itinerary for cave visitors

- Cave guide checklist and cave tour itinerary

NM, PPCC, LGU, Cave Guides, Tourism Officers, CTO, PTO, DOT

H6. To develop a cave field guide with maps and photographs

1) Cave field guide produced

1) Design and production of cave field guide

Cave field guide with photographs and maps

PCSDS, PPCC, LGUs, NGOs, Community

H7. To train cave guides and local tourism officers on cave guiding skills, first aid training, hospitality management, and

1) Cave guides and tourism officers trained on various facets of green tourism in caves

1) Training of cave guides and tourism officers

- No. of cave guides and tourism officers trained

PPCC, LGU, Cave Guides, Tourism Officers, CTO, PTO, DOT

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OUTCOMES COMPONENT OBJECTIVES TARGETS ACTION OUTPUT / INDICATORS RESPONSIBILITY good practices on cave ecotourism

H8. To establish a Cave Information and Education Center (CIEC) for briefing of visitors/tourists and promotion of Hundred Caves tourism products (Note: cave stewards and protectors and cave guides can double as staff of CIEC)

1) Cave Information and Education Center (CIEC) established, staffed, and provided with educational and promotional materials and equipments

1) Scout for possible location of CIEC building

- Building location map/survey plan

PPCC, LGU, Tourism Officers, CTO, PTO, DOT

2) Design building of CIEC - Building design PPCC, LGU, Tourism Officers, CTO, PTO, DOT

3) Recruit staff of CIEC and establish compensation scheme

- Staffing pattern PPCC, LGU, Tourism Officers, CTO, PTO, DOT, Cave Guides, Cave Stewards and Protectors

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OUTCOMES COMPONENT OBJECTIVES TARGETS ACTION OUTPUT / INDICATORS RESPONSIBILITY 4) Design interior of CIEC and

acquire educational and promotional materials

- Interior design of CIEC PPCC, LGU, Tourism Officers, CTO

5) Training of CIEC staff on handling visitors

- Trained CIEC staff CIEC Staff

H9. To ensure safety of cave guides and visitors while exploring the cave system

1) Construct appropriate access safety measures inside the cave and in trails going to the cave

1) Identify hazard areas where access safety measures can be established and determine appropriate kind/material to be used

- Access safety measures installed

2) Designate areas to be utilized in the tour

1) Delineate and demarcate areas which will not be allowed to be utilized in the tour 2) Install warning signs

- Hazard and risky areas demarcated

PPCC, LGU, TNTA

3). Develop Cave Visitor Management Plan integrating Disaster Risk Reduction Management strategies

1) Coordinate with DOT and CTO on the requirements for the development of the CVMP

2) Identify cave visitors’ need and requirements

3) Integrate appropriate disaster risk

- Cave Visitor Management Plan developed including activities to be offered, tour routes, no. of persons and duration per tour, etc as well as strategies measures to reduce disaster risk such as determination of closed and

PPCC, LGU, TNTA

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OUTCOMES COMPONENT OBJECTIVES TARGETS ACTION OUTPUT / INDICATORS RESPONSIBILITY reduction strategies open access portions of cave

H10. To construct tourism facilities in the area (road/trail, visitor wash area, comfort rooms, potable water system) (Note: wash area and comfort rooms can be constructed inside the CIEC)

1) Construction and improvement of tourism facilities

1) Find suitable location of tourism facilities

- Location map/survey plan of tourism facilities

PPCC, LGU, DOT, DPWH, PCSDS

2) Construct facilities - Built tourism facilities PPCC, LGU, DOT, DPWH, PCSDS

3) Survey of potential homestays in the cave area and training of homestay operators

- Potential homestays surveyed and their operators training on visitor and hospitality management

PPCC, LGU, DOT, Community

H11. To promote the tourism products of Hundred Caves

1) Include Hundred Caves in the tourism hub of Puerto Princesa City (including PPSRNP and Ugong Rock)

1) Lobby to the City Tourism Council to include Hundred Caves in the tourism loop 2) Discussion among tourism establishments

- inclusion of Hundred Caves in the tourism hub of Puerto Princesa and tourism packages of establishments

PPCC, LGU, TNTA

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OUTCOMES COMPONENT OBJECTIVES TARGETS ACTION OUTPUT / INDICATORS RESPONSIBILITY

1) Cave tourism promotional materials designed for various media like print, radio, television, brochures, streamers, posters, online/website, social networking sites

1) Design and drafting of promotional materials for Hundred Caves green tourism

- Produced tourism promotional materials

Provincial Tourism Office, DOT, City Tourism Office

2) Cave tourism promotional materials disseminated

1) Print, broadcast, distribute, publish, and post cave tourism promotional materials

- Distributed tourism promotional materials and no. of individuals/communities reached by promotional materials

PTO, CTO, DOT, Tourism establishments in Palawan (including resorts, hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, and tour operators)

3) Promotional signage built and installed in strategic places within the province, in Puerto Princesa City, and near the cave

1) Production and installation of a sturdy signage advertising the features of Hundred Caves

- Signage produced and installed in strategic sites

Provincial Tourism Office, DOT, City Tourism Office

H12. To study and make an inventory of cave-associated archaeological, anthropological, geological, ecological, historical, and cultural features

1) Study of Hundred Caves features (archaeological, cultural, anthropological, ecological, historical) which has strong potential for being marketed as tourism products

1) Research on cave-associated and other cultural site-specific features

- Cave features identified and marketed for green tourism

NM, PPCC, LGU, DOT, NHCP, Academe

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OUTCOMES COMPONENT OBJECTIVES TARGETS ACTION OUTPUT / INDICATORS RESPONSIBILITY (including legends and myths) which can be promoted as tourism products

H13. To study and make an inventory of other potential tourism products in Barangay Tagabinet and Puerto Princesa which can be tied up to terrestrial cave exploration***

1) Study of potential tourism products in Tagabinet and surrounding area which may include: island-hopping, snorkeling, resort development, scuba diving, technical diving, dolphin watching, and game fishing

1) Research on tourism products and their viability

- High potential tourism products around Hundred Caves identified

PPCC, LGU, DOT, NGOs, Academe

H14. To conduct a willingness to pay (WTP) study for potential visitors of Hundred Caves which can serve as basis of a visitor/user fee

1) WTP for visiting Hundred Caves determined

1) Contingent valuation study of "non-use/existence value" of Hundred Caves

- WTP study conducted Academe, Specialists, Researchers, Research Institutions, NM, PCSDS

H15. To enact an ordinance imposing a reasonable cave visitor/user's fee (using WTP study as basis)

1) City ordinance on cave user's fee enacted

1) SP deliberations and public hearing on proposed user's fee ordinance

- Minutes of SP session and public hearing


2) Passage of an ordinance on the imposition of Hundred Caves user's fee

- City ordinance on Hundred Caves user's fee

PPCC, LGU, DOT

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OUTCOMES COMPONENT OBJECTIVES TARGETS ACTION OUTPUT / INDICATORS RESPONSIBILITY H16. To establish a

transparent system of collection, financial accounting/auditing, and income sharing from the use of Hundred Caves (consistent with provisions of RA 7160 and RA 9593)

1) A fair and equitable income sharing and financial accounting system for Hundred Caves institutionalized

1) Roundtable discussions and deliberations leading to a signed MOA among LGU (through PPCC/ECAN Board), Community, DOT/TIEZA, PCSD, and NM establishing income sharing and collection and auditing system for the proceeds of the use of Hundred Caves

- MOA on income sharing signed

LGU, PPCC/ECAN Board, City Treasurer's Office, PCSD/S, NM, DOT/TIEZA

I. Livelihood Development

I1. To identify (a) livelihood project options (compatible with cave protection, conservation, and soft impact ecotourism such as tourism services/souvenir making and organic farming) and (b) beneficiaries of livelihood project around Hundred Caves

1) Sustainable livelihood program compatible with sustainable cave use implemented

1) Livelihood needs assessment and selection of potential beneficiaries

- Livelihood development plan for Hundred Caves

LGU, PPCC/ECAN Board, PCSDS, Community, DSWD, NGOs, TESDA, DTI

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OUTCOMES COMPONENT OBJECTIVES TARGETS ACTION OUTPUT / INDICATORS RESPONSIBILITY I2. To provide

financial and material support to livelihood beneficiaries

1) Livelihood development plan funded and implemented on the ground

1) Fund sourcing for livelihood project implementation

- Financial and material support secured for livelihood project

City LGU, Provincial LGU, Funding Agencies and Institutions (e.g., USAID, ADB, World Bank, GIZ), DTI

2) Monitoring and evaluation of livelihood implementation

- Monitoring report on livelihood implementation

PPCC

I3. To train livelihood beneficiaries on financial management***

1) Beneficiaries trained on financial management

1) Training on financial management for livelihood beneficiaries

- Financial management training for livelihood beneficiaries held

POs, DTI, PPCC, Community

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CHAPTER 7: IMPLEMENTATION SCHEME

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

The suggested organization structure of Hundred Cave (Figure24) is composed of members from municipal, provincial, and national government agencies as well as other stakeholders and community leaders. The main actor will be the Puerto Princesa Cave Committee (PPCC) which is supported by four committees, namely: the (1) Scientific, (2) Development, (3) Promotion, and (4) Protection and Conservation Committees. The PCMPCC and the PCSD will act as oversight body over the PPCC. The Barangay and City LGU as well as Tagabinet Neighborhood Tourism Association (TNTA) are attached to the PPCC as co-implementer of cave management program.

Figure 29. Organization chart of Hundred Caves management structure

(adopted from Mohd Shafeea Leman et al. 2007) 16

The PPCC will be the lead management and coordinative body providing direction and logistic support to cave management. It will have the same management level with the PCMPCC and overseen by the PCSD. The PCSD, through its District Management Staff, will monitor and provide necessary advice on overall sustainable development of the cave.

16

Mohd Shafeea Leman, Kamarulzaman Abdul Ghani, Ibrahim Komoo, and Norhayati Ahmad (eds.). 2007. Langkawi Geopark. Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI) and Langkawi Development Authority (LADA).

Palawan Council for Sustainable Development

Palawan Caves Management, Protection and Conservation Committee

Puerto Prinesa Cave

Committee

Scientific

Committee

Development

Committee

Promotion Committee

Protection and Conservation Committee

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The PPCC will develop and maintain the cave’s infrastructures, facilities, and activities. Its composition will include professionals from various fields including archaeologists, administrative, and enforcement officers. It will be led by the city mayor of Puerto Princesa or his representative. Several institutions will play key roles as members of PPCC. They include the National Museum, the Department of Tourism, and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. The Scientific Committee is responsible for the conduct of researches. The NM will lead any archaeological and anthropological researches about the cave. The DOT, on the other hand, will lead the tourism development of the cave under the Development Committee and Promotion Committee. The NHCP will lead the research into the historical background of the cave. The DENR will be a member of the Conservation and Protection Committee. NGOs and members of the private sector will also play key roles in cave management as part of the PPCC. The four committees may be expanded to include individuals and advocates in the field of environmental resource management, socioeconomics, community development, history, education, and culture. The following are the roles of the four committees:

The Scientific Committee is responsible for providing technical advice and suggestions on scientific aspects in cave development and conservation. It may include members from the NM, PCSD, academe (e.g., representatives from Department of Education, Palawan State University, Western Philippines University, and Holy Trinity University), and other research institutions.

The Development Committee is responsible for planning the development of the cave. Its members may include representatives from the PCSD, city and barangay LGUs, DOT, City Engineering Office, City Planning and Development Office, City Tourism Office, Provincial Tourism Office, and community leaders.

The Protection and Conservation Committee is responsible for

recommending areas for conservation within and outside the cave and for planning, prescribing, and enforcing measures to conserve and protect the cave. Its members may include representatives from the DENR, City Environment and Natural Resource Office, PCSD, law enforcement agencies, and other local environmental organizations.

The Promotion Committee is responsible for promoting the cave as a

tourism product at the local, national, and international levels. It is headed by the DOT and may have members coming from local tourism offices, City Information Office, Philippine Information Agency, hotel associations, tour guides, and tour operators.

In addition to these committees other key actors will constitute the support personnel of the cave and will be supervised by the PPCC.

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The cave guides will assist visitors to the cave and provide educational and technical information about the cave.

The cave stewards and protectors (CSP) will be community members who will periodically clean up the cave, guard it, and be part of the IEC activities.

The CPEOs will be deputized law enforcement personnel in charge of apprehending violators of environmental laws within and outside the cave and in keeping the peace and security of the cave.

The staff of the proposed Cave Information and Education Center will maintain the cave showroom and perform services to advance the promotion of cave education and extension.

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Table 12. Detailed Work Plan

OBJECTIVES RESPONSIBILITY

TIME FRAME 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q4

A. Policy Reform and Development A1. To implement Hundred Caves Management Plan (HCMP)

1) Presentation of the HCMP before the community, barangay LGU, DOT, PCSD, and other stakeholders

LGU, PPCC/ECAN Board, PCSDS,

DOT, TNTA, Other Stakeholders

2) Adoption of the HCMP by the LGU 3) Integration of HCMP to the City CLUP 4) Implementation of the actions prescribed in the HCMP

5) Information, Education, Communication (IEC) on the HCMP

A2. To form a Puerto Princesa Cave Committee who will administer the implementation of the HCMP***

1) Study the feasibility of organizing an PPCC from the existing City ECAN Board


2) Passage of a resolution creating an PPCC, specifying its mandate, composition, powers and functions, and frequency of meetings

3) Conduct regular PPCC meeting to discuss the implementation of HCMP and other issues

B. Human Resources Development B1. To capacitate members of PPCC and ECAN Board on cave governance and ecological concepts***

1) Attend training on cave governance, planning, and management

PPCC/ECAN Board, PCSDS

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TIME FRAME 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


B2. To capacitate local residents living near Hundred Caves about the importance and benefits of Hundred Caves conservation and their role as protectors of cave

1) Attend general training on cave protection and stewardship

PPCC, Community, Barangay LGU

B3. To recruit and capacitate "cave stewards and protectors" among local residents who will look after the cave, ensure its security, and perform regular cave inspection and clean up

1) Training of cave stewards and protectors PPCC, Community, Barangay LGU,

TNTA, Cave Stewards and

Protectors

2) Deputation of cave stewards and protectors

B4. To attend national and regional cave conferences, seminars, trainings, and workshops***

1) Attend cave conventions PPCC, LGU, PCSDS, Cave Stewards and

Protectors

B5. To visit existing cave systems under sustainable management***

1) Lakbay-Aral PPCC, LGU, PCSDS, Cave Stewards and

Protectors

B6. To procure caving equipment for use by cave guides, cave stewards and protectors, and CPEOs

1) Canvass and buying of caving equipment PPCC, LGU, CPEO, Cave Stewards and

Protectors

B7. To purchase enforcement devices and equipments for CPEOs

1) Canvass and buying of cave enforcement devices and equipments PPCC, LGU, CPEO

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TIME FRAME 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


C. Research and Development C1. To improve basic knowledge on Hundred Caves ecosystem including its socioeconomic setting

1) Conduct of cave research in various disciplines

Specialists and Researchers from

the Academe, Research

Institutions, NM, NHCP, PCSD/S, NGOs, NGAs, PPCC, LGU

2) Presentation of research findings to PPCC and local residents

D. IEC and Advocacy D1. To implement an IEC and Advocacy Plan for Hundred Caves protection, protection, and management

1) Data gathering and conduct of workshops to prepare an IEC and Advocacy Plan PPCC, LGU,

PCSDS, Community

2) Writing of the IEC and Advocacy Plan 3) Documentation of the cave through photography and video

PPCC, LGU, PCSDS

4) Preparation of Hundred Caves IEC materials PPCC, LGU, PCSDS,

Community, DENR

5) Publication, broadcast, and distribution of Hundred Caves IEC materials

6) Teaching of cave protection and conservation in class***

DepEd, PPCC

E. Cave Protection and Management E1. To enter into MOA on cave ecosystem conservation, protection, and resource use of Hundred Caves

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TIME FRAME 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1) Dialogues/roundtable discussions with all land owner/claimant of Hundred Caves location and resolution of any land use conflicts PCSD, LGUs,

Community, Land Claimant

2) Preparation of draft MOA specifying responsibilities and expected output of each stakeholder, roundtable discussions on MOA contents, and MOA signing

E2. To enhance vegetative cover of the area surrounding the cave

1) Enrichment planting of cave environs


2) Monitoring of trees planted 3) Development of a scheme where planters of trees will be given incentives

4) Nursery establishment and maintenance*** 5) Seedling production*** E3. To deputize Cave Protection Enforcement Officer (CPEO)***

1) Design of training module for CPEOs PCSDS 2) Recruitment and training of CPEOs from barangay and City LGUs, local NGOs, community organizations, IPs, volunteers, and law enforcement agencies (PNP, AFP, NBI)

PCSDS, PPCC, LGUs, NGOs,

Community, PNP, AFP, NBI

3) Deputation of CPEOs PCSD, PCSDS, PPCC, CPEO

E4. To classify Hundred Caves as Class II cave

1) Submission of technical recommendations to PCSD for cave classification

PCSD/S, PCMPCC

2) Submission of PCSD resolution to DENR MIMAROPA for inclusion of Hundred Caves in

PCSD/S, PCMPCC, DENR

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TIME FRAME 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


the national list of assessed and classified caves MIMAROPA, RCC(?), NCC

3) Information drive about the classification of the cave and its specific chambers/passages


E5. To evaluate and monitor the implementation of the HCMP and assess cave management effectiveness

1) Semestral evaluation and monitoring of HCMP accomplishments

PPCC, PCSDS, Monitoring and

Evaluation Team (to be created), Academe

2) Annual assessment of cave management effectiveness

F. Waste Management F1. To clean up the cave and surrounding areas regularly and restore the cave's aesthetics

1) Mobilization and clean up of cave wastes, graffiti, and vandals

PPCC, LGU, Community, DepEd,

NGOs

2) Inventory and classification of wastes

3) Identification of applicable and appropriate ways to manage wastes

G. Zoning of Cave and Cave Periphery G1. To clearly define the boundaries/limits of Hundred Caves management area

1) Survey and mapping of the vicinity of Hundred Caves and "impact zones" around it

PPCC, LGU, Community,

PCSDS, PCMPCC

2) Presentation of Hundred Caves management boundary to stakeholders

3) Printing of cave location maps and posting of the map in the locality

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TIME FRAME 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


4) Boundary demarcation using suitable natural monuments or non-destructive concrete monuments AFTER seeking advice from experts

G2. To prepare existing land use/land cover (LU-LC) map around the cave

1) Data gathering, field work, ground truthing, map production, social ground truthing


G3. To gather demographic and cultural data of the area

1) Gathering of demographic and cultural data of Hundred Caves area

PPCC, LGU, PCSDS

G4. To classify management zones around the cave using available information (LU-LC map) and through participatory cave management zoning

1) Participatory cave system zoning PPCC, LGU,

Community, PCSDS

G5. To prescribe allowable and prohibited uses in each cave management zone

1) Participatory zones use prescription PPCC, LGU,

Community, PCSDS

G6. To pass a local resolution prescribing the zones and uses of Hundred Caves management area

1) SB deliberations, reconnaissance, and preparation of draft cave management zones map and resolution

SB, PPCC, LGU, Community, PCSDS

2) Public hearing on cave management zones map

3) Passage of a local ordinance delineating cave management zones and prescribing uses per zone

H. Green Tourism and Cave Visitor Management

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TIME FRAME 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


H1. To enter into a joint MOA on cave ecotourism development among cave and ecotourism authorities and stakeholders

1) Conduct a comprehensive study of Hundred Caves exploration ecotourism product PPCC, PCSD, NM,

DENR, LGU, DOT, NHCP, Consultant

2) Develop a MOA governing Hundred Caves ecotourism program

H2. To identify and capacitate personnel that will manage and ensure that the “green tourism” program for cave is implemented

1) Identify personnel needs and qualifications who will manage the cave

2) Interview and hire qualified personnel

3) Conduct seminars and trainings, moral value formation, and team building activities

H3. To formulate a code of conduct for visitors of Hundred Caves and publication of the same in conspicuous places

1) Formulate code of conduct for cave visitors in accordance with existing policies (with assistance from DOT)

NM, PPCC, LGU, PCSDS, DOT, City

Tourism Office (CTO), Provincial

Tourism Office (PTO)

2) Presentation of code of conduct for cave visitors to stakeholders

3) Code of conduct for cave visitors finalized and adopted by LGU

H4. To ensure legal operation of the Hundred Caves Ecotourism Project

1) Coordination with permitting agencies about their requirements

TNTA, PPCC

2) Submission of complete documents/requirements

H5. To develop a cave guide checklist and appropriate itinerary for Hundred Caves visitors

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TIME FRAME 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


1) Formulate (a) checklist of do’s and don’ts for cave guides and (b) tour itinerary for cave visitors

NM, PPCC, LGU, Cave Guides,

Tourism Officers, CTO, PTO, DOT

H6. To develop a cave field guide with maps and photographs

1) Design and production of cave field guide PCSDS, PPCC, LGUs, NGOs, Community

H7. To train cave guides and local tourism officers on cave guiding skills, first aid training, hospitality management, and good practices on cave ecotourism

1) Training of cave guides and tourism officers

PPCC, LGU, Cave Guides, Tourism

Officers, CTO, PTO, DOT

H8. To establish Hundred Caves Information and Education Center or CIEC for briefing of visitors/tourists and promotion of Hundred Caves tourism products***

1) Scout for possible location of CIEC building PPCC, LGU, Tourism Officers, CTO, PTO, DOT

2) Design building of CIEC

3) Recruit staff of CIEC and establish compensation scheme

PPCC, LGU, Tourism Officers, CTO, PTO, DOT,

Cave Guides, Cave Stewards and

Protectors

4) Design interior of CIEC and acquire educational and promotional materials

PPCC, LGU, Tourism Officers,

CTO

5) Training of CIEC staff on handling visitors CIEC Staff

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TIME FRAME 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


H9. To ensure safety of cave guides and visitors while exploring the cave system 1) Identify hazard areas where access safety measures can be established and determine appropriate kind/material to be used

2) Delineate and demarcate areas which will not be allowed to be utilized in the tour

3) Install warning signs

4) Coordinate with DOT and CTO on the requirements for the development of the CVMP

5) Identify cave visitors’ need and requirements

6) Integrate appropriate disaster risk reduction strategies

H10. To construct/improve tourism facilities in the area (road/trail, visitor wash area, comfort rooms, potable water system)

1) Find suitable location of tourism facilities

PPCC, LGU, DOT, DPWH, PCSDS

2) Improve existing facilities and build/construct new facilities (road/trail, visitor wash area, comfort rooms, potable water system)

3) Survey of potential homestays in the cave area and training of homestay operators

PPCC, LGU, DOT, Community

H11. To promote the tourism products of Hundred Caves

1) Lobby to the City Tourism Council to include Hundred Caves in the tourism hub

PPCC, LGU, TNTA

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TIME FRAME 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


2) Discussion among tourism establishments

3) Design and drafting of promotional materials for Hundred Caves green tourism

Provincial Tourism Office, DOT, City

Tourism Office

4) Print, broadcast, distribute, publish, and post cave tourism promotional materials

PTO, CTO, DOT, Tourism

establishments in Palawan (including

resorts, hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, and tour

operators)

5) Building and Installation of a sturdy signage advertising the features of Hundred Caves

H12. To study and make an inventory of cave-

associated archaeological, anthropological,

geological, ecological, historical, and cultural

features which can be promoted as tourism

products

1) Research on cave-associated and other cultural site-specific features

NM, PPCC, LGU, DOT, NHCP,

Academe

H4. To study and make an inventory of other

potential tourism products in Barangay

Tagabinet and Puerto Princesa which can be

tied up to terrestrial cave exploration***

1) Research on tourism products and their viability

PPCC, LGU, DOT, NGOs, Academe

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TIME FRAME 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


H11. To conduct a willingness to pay (WTP) study for potential visitors of Hundred Caves which can serve as basis of a visitor/user fee

1) Contingent valuation study of "non-use/existence value" of Hundred Caves

Academe, Specialists,

Researchers, Research

Institutions, NM, PCSDS

H12. To enact an ordinance imposing a reasonable cave visitor/user's fee

1) SB deliberations and public hearing on proposed user's fee ordinance LGU, PPCC/ECAN

Board, DOT

2) Passage of an ordinance on the imposition of Hundred Caves user's fee

H13. To establish a transparent system of collection, financial accounting/auditing, and income sharing from the use of Hundred Caves (consistent with provisions of RA 7160 and RA

9593)

1) Roundtable discussions and deliberations leading to a signed MOA among LGU (through PPCC/ECAN Board), Community, DOT/TIEZA, PCSD, and NM establishing income sharing and collection and auditing system for the proceeds of the use of Hundred Caves

LGU, PPCC/ECAN Board, City

Treasurer's Office, PCSD/S, NM, DOT/TIEZA

I. Livelihood Development I1. To identify (a) livelihood project options (compatible with cave protection, conservation, and soft impact ecotourism such as tourism services/souvenir making and organic farming)

and (b) beneficiaries of livelihood project around Hundred Caves

1) Livelihood needs assessment and selection of potential beneficiaries

LGU, PPCC/ECAN Board, PCSDS,

Community,

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TIME FRAME 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020


DSWD, NGOs, TESDA, DTI

2) Monitoring and evaluation of livelihood implementation PPCC

I2. To provide financial and material support to livelihood beneficiaries

1) Fund sourcing for livelihood project implementation

City LGU, Provincial LGU,

Funding Agencies and Institutions

(e.g., USAID, ADB, World Bank, GIZ),

DTI

I3. To train livelihood beneficiaries on financial management

1) Training on financial management for livelihood beneficiaries***

POs, DTI, PPCC, Community

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CHAPTER 8: MONITORING AND EVALUATION AND FEEDBACK MECHANISMS

A first party monitoring and evaluation of Hundred Caves Management Plan (HCMP) accomplishments will be undertaken. The PPCC will form a multi-party Monitoring and Evaluation Team which will evaluate the output indicators contained in the HCMP and recommend measures and strategies for a more efficient management and administration of the cave. First party monitoring will be done midyear and at the end of the year. Second and third party monitoring of HCMP implementation are encouraged. The institutions who are themselves part of the cave management regime are encouraged to do their own auditing of the HCMP. Third party institutions, like those from the Academe and research institutions within or outside Palawan, are welcome to conduct their own monitoring and evaluation provided that they secure necessary clearance from concerned authorities. Evaluation at these three levels will promote transparency in cave governance, fiscal prudence, and accountability on spending decisions This Plan is designed to be flexible and adaptive; thus based on the evaluation and assessment report, necessary adjustment of the management plan will be conducted.

.

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CHAPTER 9: BUDGETARY REQUIREMENTS

a. Cost of Implementation

In most cases, plan or projects are not implemented due to lack of budget. Thus, it is crucial that the budgetary requirements will be provided. The five-year budget for the management of Hundred Caves is shown in Annex F.

b. Fund sourcing

There are several sources of funds that may be tapped for the implementation of the Cave Management Plan.

Under AO No. 8, the PCSD may establish a Special Trust Fund for the management of caves and cave resources under the Caves Act.

The cave visitor user’s fee that may be imposed based on studies on Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) and contingent valuation study of the cave’s existence value (aesthetic, cultural, archaeological, and historical value)17.

Regular budget of government agencies under the General Appropriations Act

Contributions from civil society and the private sector Income and fees from tourism establishments, homestays, and resorts

that may be built around the cave. Income from souvenir items such as postcards, cave-inspired artworks, Grant support from various organizations for projects focused on

sustainable resource development. Bilateral and multi-lateral donor institutions summarized in Table 13

which can be tapped for environment and sustainable development programs and projects.

Foreign embassies and international foundations and NGOs. Local foundations and NGOs.

The PPCC needs to devise and develop financial mechanisms to sustain the management of the cave. This may employ cooperative models, counterpart funding or fund matching, and the creation of a project development unit which will aggressively develop project proposals and undertake fund sourcing from external sources.

17

See for example Gonzales, M.R.A.A., and A. Miraflores, 2013. “The Existence Value of Tabon Caves Complex”. Paper presented to BIMP-EAGA Conference 2013. 16-17 December 2013, A & A Plaza Hotel, Puerto Princesa City.

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Table 13. Local and International possible funding sources

Local International Bilateral

International Multilateral

Other

People’s Survival Fund (National Govt.)

Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID)

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

The Ruffus Foundation (UK-based charity)

Performance Challenge Fund (National Govt.)

Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)

Global Environment Facility (GEF) (especially the Small Grants Program)

The Asia Foundation (not-for-profit)

Foundation for the Philippine Environment (NGO)

Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA)

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

Shared Earth Foundation (US- based)

Philippine Business for the Environment, Inc.

Department for International Development (DFID) (United Kingdom)

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Ford Foundation (US-based)

Philippine Development Assistance Program

German Society for International Cooperation, Ltd. (GIZ)

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD-World Bank)

Federation of Peoples’ Sustainable Development Cooperative (FPSDC)

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

International Financing Corporation (IFC)

Philippine Business for Social Progress

Japan Bank for International Cooperation

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

New Zealand Agency for International Development (NZAID)

Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA)

United States Agency for International Development (USAID)

c. Financial Sustainability Mechanism

Income generated from the operation of the Hundred Caves as an ecotourism site will be used in the management and maintenance of the cave. PPCC shall ensure transparent reporting of the revenue and operation cost.

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REFERENCES

2013 Barangay Development Plan. Barangay Tagabenit , Puerto Princesa City, Barangay Development Council

Gonzales, M.R.A.A., and A. Miraflores, 2013. “The Existence Value of Tabon Caves Complex”. Paper presented to BIMP-EAGA Conference 2013. 16-17 December 2013, A & A Plaza Hotel, Puerto Princesa City.

Mohd Shafeea Leman, Kamarulzaman Abdul Ghani, Ibrahim Komoo, and Norhayati Ahmad (eds.). 2007. Langkawi Geopark. Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI) and Langkawi Development Authority (LADA).

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ANNEXES Annex A. National legislations with significant implications on cave planning and management

Law / Title Subject Online reference Policy declaration and selected provisions relevant

to caves

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1586 (Environmental Impact Statement System)

ESTABLISHING AN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT SYSTEM, INCLUDING OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT RELATED MEASURES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

http://www.chanrobles.com/pd1586.htm#.UrZLCYXfl5U

It is hereby declared the policy of the State to attain and maintain a rational and orderly balance between socio-economic growth and environmental protection.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7160 (Local Government Code of 1991)

THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

http://www.gov.ph/downloads/1991/10oct/19911010-RA-7160-CCA.pdf

(a) It is hereby declared the policy of the State that the territorial and political subdivisions of the State shall enjoy genuine and meaningful local autonomy to enable them to attain their fullest development as self-reliant communities and make them more effective partners in the attainment of national goals. Toward this end, the State shall provide for a more responsive and accountable local government structure instituted through a system of decentralization whereby local government units shall be given more powers, authority, responsibilities, and resources. The process of decentralization shall proceed from the national government to the local government units. (b) It is also the policy of the State to ensure the accountability of local government units through the institution of effective mechanisms of recall, initiative and referendum. (c) It is likewise the policy of the State to require all national agencies and offices to conduct periodic consultations with appropriate local government units, non-governmental and people's organizations, and other concerned sectors of the community before any project or program is implemented in their respective jurisdictions.

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REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7586 (National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992)

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL INTEGRATED PROTECTED AREAS SYSTEM, DEFINING ITS SCOPE AND COVERAGE, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

http://www.gov.ph/1992/06/01/republic-act-no-7586/

Cognizant of the profound impact of man’s activities on all components of the natural environment particularly the effect of increasing population, resource exploitation and industrial advancement and recognizing the critical importance of protecting and maintaining the natural biological and physical diversities of the environment notably on areas with biologically unique features to sustain human life and development, as well as plant and animal life, it is hereby declared the policy of the State to secure for the Filipino people of present and future generations the perpetual existence of all native plants and animals through the establishment of a comprehensive system of integrated protected areas within the classification of national park as provided for in the Constitution. It is hereby recognized that these areas, although distinct in features, possess common ecological values that may be incorporated into a holistic plan representative of our natural heritage; that effective administration of this area is possible only through cooperation among national government, local government and concerned private organizations; that the use and enjoyment of these protected areas must be consistent with the principles of biological diversity and sustainable development. To this end, there is hereby established a National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS), which shall encompass outstandingly remarkable areas and biologically important public lands that are habitats of rare and endangered species of plants and animals, biogeographic zones and related ecosystems, whether terrestrial, wetland or marine, all of which shall be

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designated as ―protected areas‖.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8371 (The Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act of 1997)

AN ACT TO RECOGNIZE, PROTECT AND PROMOTE THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS CULTURAL COMMUNITIES/INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, CREATING A NATIONAL COMMISSION ON INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, ESTABLISHING IMPLEMENTING MECHANISMS, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES


The State shall recognize and promote all the rights of Indigenous Cultural Communities /Indigenous Peoples (ICCs/IPs) hereunder enumerated within the framework of the Constitution: a) The State shall recognize and promote the rights of ICCs/IPs within the framework of national unity and development; b) The State shall protect the rights of ICCs/IPs to their ancestral domains to ensure their economic, social and cultural well being and shall recognize the applicability of customary laws governing property rights or relations in determining the ownership and extent of ancestral domain; c) The State shall recognize, respect and protect the rights of ICCs/IPs to preserve and develop their cultures, traditions and institutions. It shall consider these rights in the formulation of national laws and policies; d) The State shall guarantee that members of the ICCs/IPs regardless of sex, shall equally enjoy the full measure of human rights and freedoms without distinction or discrimination; e) The State shall take measures, with the participation of the ICCs/IPs concerned, to protect their rights and guarantee respect for their cultural integrity, and to ensure that members of the ICCs/IPs benefit on an equal footing from the rights and opportunities which national laws and regulations grant to other members of the population; and

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f) The State recognizes its obligations to respond to the strong expression of the ICCs/IPs for cultural integrity by assuring maximum ICC/IP participation in the direction of education, health, as well as other services of ICCs/IPs, in order to render such services more responsive to the needs and desires of these communities. Towards these ends, the State shall institute and establish the necessary mechanisms to enforce and guarantee the realization of these rights, taking into consideration their customs, traditions, values, beliefs, interests and institutions, and to adopt and implement measures to protect their rights to their ancestral domains.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000)

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR AN ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, CREATING THE NECESSARY INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND INCENTIVES, DECLARING CERTAIN ACTS PROHIBITED AND PROVIDING PENALTIES, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

http://www.gov.ph/2001/01/26/republic-act-no-9003-s-2001/

It is hereby declared the policy of the State to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9147 (Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act)

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE CONSERVATION AND PROTECTION OF WILDLIFE RESOURCES AND THEIR HABITATS, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES


It shall be the policy of the State to conserve the country’s wildlife resources and their habitats for sustainability. In the pursuit of this policy, this Act shall have the following objectives: (a) to conserve and protect wildlife species and their habitats to promote ecological balance and enhance biological diversity; (b) to regulate the collection and trade of wildlife; (c) to pursue, with due regard to the national interest, the

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Philippine commitment to international conventions, protection of wildlife and their habitats; and (d) to initiate or support scientific studies on the conservation of biological diversity.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9593 (The Tourism Act of 2009)

AN ACT DECLARING A NATIONAL POLICY FOR TOURISM AS AN ENGINE OF INVESTMENT, EMPLOYMENT, GROWTH AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, AND STRENGTHENING THE DEPARTMENT OF TOUMSM AND ITS ATTACHED AGENCIES TO EFFECTIVELY EFFICIENTLY IMPLEMENT THAT POLICY, AND APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR

http://www.gov.ph/2009/05/12/republic-act-no-9593-s-2009/

SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy. — The State declares tourism as an indispensable element of the national economy and an industry of national interest and importance, which must be harnessed as an engine of socioeconomic growth and cultural affirmation to generate investment, foreign exchange and employment, and to continue to mold an enhanced sense of national pride for all Filipinos. SECTION 37. Local Tourism Development Planning. — LGUs, in consultation with stakeholders, are encouraged to utilize their powers under Republic Act No. 7160, otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991, to ensure the preparation and implementation of a tourism development plan, the enforcement of standards and the collection of statistical data for tourism purposes. They shall, insofar as practicable, prepare local tourism development plans that integrate zoning, land use, infrastructure development, the national system of standards for tourism enterprises, heritage and environmental protection imperatives in a manner that encourages sustainable tourism development. SECTION 39. Accreditation. — In order to encourage global competitiveness, strengthen data gathering and research on tourism, and facilitate the promotion of individual enterprises and the industry as a whole, the Department shall prescribe and regulate standards for the operation of the tourism industry.

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Primary tourism enterprises shall be periodically required to obtain accreditation from the Department as to the quality of their facilities and standard of services. Accreditation shall be voluntary for secondary tourism enterprises. The Department shall evolve a system of standards for the accreditation of these enterprises in accordance with the relevant tourism development plan. These standards shall adhere, insofar as practicable, to those recognized internationally. The Department and LGUs shall ensure strict compliance of tourism enterprises with these standards. The Department, through the Office of Tourism Standards and Regulations, shall act on complaints regarding accredited tourism enterprises, and after notice and hearing, may impose fines, or downgrade, suspend or revoke accreditation, for violation of the terms thereof.

Implementing Rules and Regulations of R. A. 9593, otherwise known as The Tourism Act of 2009

http://www.tieza.com.ph/ckfinder/userfiles/files/TEZ/IRR%20of%20RA%209593.pdf

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10066 (National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009)

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION OF THE NATIONAL CULTURAL HERITAGE, STRENGTHENING THE NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR CULTURE AND THE ARTS (NCCA) AND ITS AFFILIATED CULTURAL AGENCIES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

http://www.ncca.gov.ph/downloads/RA%2010066%20Heritage%20Law.pdf

SECTION 2. Declaration of Principles and Policies. – Sections 14, 15, 16, and 17, Article XIV of the 1987 Constitution declare that the State shall foster the preservation, enrichment, and dynamic evolution of a Filipino culture based on the principle of unity in diversity in a climate of free artistic and intellectual expression. The Constitution likewise mandates the State to conserve, develop, promote and popularize the nation’s historical and cultural heritage and resources, as well as artistic creations. It further provides that, all the country’s artistic and historic wealth constitutes the cultural treasure of the nation and shall be under the protection of

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the State, which may regulate its disposition. SECTION 7. Privileges for Cultural Property. - All cultural properties declared as National Cultural Treasures and national historical landmarks shall be entitled to the following privileges: (a) Priority government funding for protection, conservation and restoration; (b) Incentive for private support of conservation and restoration through the Commission’s Conservation Incentive Program for National Cultural treasures; (c) An official Heritage Marker placed by the cultural agency concerned indicating that the immovable cultural property has been identified as national cultural treasures; and/or national historical landmarks, sites or monuments; and, (d) In times of armed conflict, natural disasters, and other exceptional events that endanger the cultural heritage of the country, all National Cultural Treasures or national historical landmarks, sites or monuments shall be given priority protection by the Government. All cultural properties declared as Important Cultural Property may also receive government funding for its protection, conservation, and restoration. An official Heritage Marker shall likewise be placed on an immovable cultural property to identify the same as important cultural property. SECTION 20. Immovable National Cultural Treasures. - Immovable National Cultural Treasures shall not be relocated, rebuilt, defaced or otherwise changed in a

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manner, which would destroy the property's dignity and authenticity, except to save such property from destruction due to natural causes. SECTION 30. Anthropological Research and

Archaeological Exploration/Excavation. – (a) The National Museum with respect to cultural/ archaeological/ anthropological matters, and the National historical Institute, with respect to historical anthropological matters, shall regulate and control all anthropological research conducted by foreigners; and all archaeological excavation or exploration. Pursuant to the foregoing, the National Museums or the National Historical Institute shall deputize other agencies to protect archaeological and anthropological sites. It shall be guided by the following rules:

(1) All cultural property found in terrestrial and / or underwater archaeological sites belong to the State. (2) No terrestrial and/or underwater archaeological explorations and excavations for the purposes of obtaining materials and data of cultural value shall be undertaken without written authority and direct site supervision by archaeologists and/or representatives of the National Museum; (3) All anthropological researches, for the purpose of obtaining materials and data of cultural value and where the principal proponent is a foreign national shall be undertaken only with the authority, and under the supervision of the National Museum or the National Historical Institute. Anthropological research by Philippine nationals, especially members of the indigenous communities shall be encouraged;

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(4) Archaeological or anthropological materials presumed as important cultural property shall be allowed to leave the country only upon proper evaluation and written permission of the National Museum or the National Historical Institute; (5) All explorations and excavations undertaken wherein the caves, rock shelters and their vicinities may have been used in the prehistoric past by man either for habitation, religious and/or sacred and burial purposes all over the country, shall be under the direct jurisdiction and supervision of archaeologists and/or other experts of the National Museum; (6) All mining activities inside caves, rock shelters and any such other areas shall require a written permit and clearance from the National Museum. An appropriate prior inspection by representatives of the National Museum, funded by the company applying for a mining right, shall be required to ensure that no archaeological materials are present and, possibly, destroyed; (7) Excavations in caves, rock shelters and other areas by laymen are prohibited by this Act. All earth-moving activities in these areas must have the proper permit and clearance from the National Museum and monitored by their representatives; (8) All treasure hunting permits and licenses shall be issued by the National Museum, which shall formulate the rules and regulations to adequately control, regulate and monitor all applicants for such undertakings; and

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(9) The provisions of this Act on explorations and excavations of terrestrial and underwater archaeological sites shall supersede all local, city, regional and autonomous regional governments’ resolutions and ordinances.

(b) When the presence of any cultural or historical property is discovered, the National Museum or the National Historical Institute shall immediately suspend all activities that will affect the site and shall immediately notify the local government unit having jurisdiction of the place where the discovery was made. The local government shall promptly adopt measures to protect and safeguard the integrity of the cultural property so discovered and within five (5) days from the discovery shall report the same to the appropriate agency. The suspension of these activities shall be lifted only upon the written authority of the National Museum or the National Historical Institute and only after the systematic recovery of the archaeological materials. (c) The Commission, upon the recommendation of the appropriate cultural agency, shall provide incentives for persons who discover and report heretofore unknown archaeological sites, in accordance with its rules and regulations implementing the provisions of this Act. (d) Any government or non-government infrastructure project or architectural site development shall include anthropological, archaeological, and historical and heritage site conservation concerns in their Environmental Impact Assessment System. SECTION 33. Incorporation of Cultural Property

Programs in Local Government Units Budgets - The local government units are encourage to incorporate

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programs and budgets for the conservation and preservation of Cultural Property in their environmental, educational and cultural activities.

Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 10066 otherwise known as the National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009

http://www.ncca.gov.ph/downloads/IRR-heritage.pdf

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10086 (Strengthening Peoples’ Nationalism Through Philippine History Act)

AN ACT STRENGTHENING PEOPLES’ NATIONALISM THROUGH PHILIPPINE HISTORY BY CHANGING THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL INSTITUTE INTO THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL COMMISSION OF THE PHILIPPINES, STRENGTHENING ITS POWERS AND FUNCTIONS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

http://www.senate.gov.ph/republic_acts/ra%2010086.pdf

It is hereby declared to be the policy of the State to conserve, promote and popularize the nation’s historical and cultural heritage and resources. Pursuant to the Constitution, all the country’s artistic and historic wealth constitutes the cultural treasure of the nation and shall be under the protection of the State which may regulate its disposition.

GUIDELINES ON THE IDENTIFICATION, CLASSIFICATION, AND RECOGNITION OF HISTORIC SITES AND STRUCTURES IN THE PHILIPPINES

http://nhcp.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/IDHisSS.pdf

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Annex B. Cave-related administrative orders issued by PCSD Administrative Orders Subject Online reference Coverage/Remarks

ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 6, S. 2008, AS AMENDED

REVISED GUIDELINES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SEP CLEARANCE SYSTEM, AMENDING PCSD ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 6, SERIES OF 2000, AND PCSD RESOLUTION NO. 03-2008.

http://pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/admin/admin6S2008.htm

Section 1. Scope of Application. These guidelines shall apply to all projects and undertakings being or intended to be implemented in Palawan and shall serve as guide for all government instrumentalities mandated to issue permits, licenses, contracts, or agreements and other similar instruments.

ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 8, S. 2003

IMPLEMENTING PCSD RESOLUTION NO. 03-217, ADOPTING AND REVISING THE DENR RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE NATIONAL CAVES AND CAVE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION ACT AS APPLICABLE IN THE PROVINCE OF PALAWAN

http://www.pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/admin/admin8S2003.htm

ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 8A, S. 2003

PROCEDURAL GUIDELINES FOR THE ISSUANCE OF PERMITS FOR THE COLLECTION, EXTRACTION, AND REMOVAL OF EDIBLE BIRD'S NESTS PURSUANT TO SECTION 5.6 OF PCSD ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 8, SERIES OF 2003

http://www.pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/admin/admin8AS2003.htm

Superseded by PCSD AO No. 12, s. 2011

PCSD ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 12, S. 2011

DETAILED GUIDELINES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9147 AND JOINT DENR-DA-PCSD ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 01 AS MAY BE MADE APPLICABLE IN THE PROVINCE OF PALAWAN

http://www.pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/admin/admin12S2011.htm

Section 2. Scope of Application. The provisions of this Order shall apply to all terrestrial and aquatic wildlife species found in the Province of Palawan. This Order shall be supplementary to the provisions of R.A. 9072 (National Caves and Cave Resources Management and Protection Act) and PCSD Administrative Order No. 08. Specifically, all wildlife resources found inside the caves shall be governed by this Order. In case of conflict, the provisions of this Order and subsequent issuances pursuant to R.A. 9147 shall prevail. All activities/undertakings which are governed by this Order and issued their corresponding permits/clearances hereunder shall no longer require the prior issuance of SEP Clearance by the

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Administrative Orders Subject Online reference Coverage/Remarks

PCSD, except as may hereinafter provided by the PCSD. Annex C. Cave-related resolutions issued by PCSD

Resolutions Subject Online reference Coverage/Remarks

PCSD RESOLUTION NO. 03-217

RESOLUTION ADOPTING THE DEPARTMENT ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER (DAO) 2003-29 "IMPLEMENTING THE RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE NATIONAL CAVES AND CAVE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION ACT OR RA NO. 9072" AND PROVIDING HENCEFORTH ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER FOR A REVISED IRR APPLICABLE TO THE PROVINCE OF PALAWAN

http://www.pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/licensing/res03-217.htm

Implemented by AO No. 8, s. 2003


A RESOLUTION AUTHORIZING THE PALAWAN COUNCIL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STAFF (PCSDS) TO OPEN A SPECIAL TRUST FUND FOR THE COLLECTION AND DISBURSEMENT OF FUNDS FROM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF REPUBLIC ACTS NO.9072, 9147 & 9175

http://www.pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/miscellaneous/res03-221.htm


THE REVISED GUIDELINES IN IMPLEMENTING THE ENVIRONMENTALLY CRITICAL AREAS NETWORK (ECAN), THE MAIN STRATEGY OF THE SEP FOR PALAWAN ACT (RA 7611)

http://pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/sep/res05-250.htm


A RESOLUTION ALLOWING ECOTOURISM ACTIVITIES IN CORE ZONES AND RESTRICTED-USE ZONES

http://www.pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/tourism/res06-270.htm

It is hereby RESOLVED that eco-tourism activities be allowed in appropriate core zones and restricted-use zones duly designated by the Council as eco-tourism areas;

RESOLVED FURTHER that the eco-tourism activities shall be limited to regulated botanical tours, bird watching, picture taking, trekking, mountaineering, caving, dolphin and whale watching, swimming, scuba diving, canoeing, kayaking, boardwalking and tree climbing subject to strict restriction embodied in a code of conduct to be formulated by the PCSD with the assistance

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of the Department of Tourism (DOT).


A RESOLUTION ADOPTING THE PROVISIONS OF THE "REVISED IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE PHILIPPINE MINING ACT OF 1995" RELATED TO THE ISSUANCE OF PERMIT FOR THE COLLECTION, EXTRACTION AND REMOVAL OF GUANO IN THE PROVINCE OF PALAWAN

http://www.pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/forestry/res06-275.htm



A RESOLUTION AMENDING PCSD ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER No. 03-08, SERIES OF 2003 ("Implementing PCSD Resolution No. 03-217, Adopting and Revising the DENR Rules and Regulations of the National Caves and Cave Resources Management and Protection Act as Applicable in the Province of Palawan")

http://www.pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/forestry/res06-276.htm

Amendment of PCSD AO No. 8, s. 2003


A RESOLUTION AMENDING PCSD ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER No. 08-A, SERIES OF 2003 ("Procedural Guidelines for the Issuance of Permits for the Collection/Extraction and Removal of Edible Bird's Nests Pursuant to Section 5.6 of PCSD Administrative Order No. 8, Series of 2003")

http://www.pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/licensing/res06-277.htm



RESOLUTION FURTHER AMENDING THE REVISED RULES OF PROCEDURE IN THE ADJUDICATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE CASES FILED BEFORE THE PAB

http://www.pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/miscellaneous/res10-396.htm

Section 4. Coverage. - These Rules shall apply to administrative cases or proceedings for violations of Administrative Orders duly adopted by the PCSD, such as, but not limited to, the following: Joint DENR-DA-PCSD Administrative Order No. 01 (Wildlife), PCSD Administrative Order No. 05, as amended (Live Fish), PCSD Administrative Order No. 06, as amended (SEP Clearance System), PCSD Administrative Order No. 07, as amended (Chainsaw), PCSD Administrative Order No. 08 (Caves) and PCSD Administrative Order No. 11 (Mangrove).

PCSD RESOLUTION NO. APPROVING THE 2010 UPDATED LIST OF TERRESTRIAL AND MARINE WILDLIFE IN PALAWAN AND THEIR

http://pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolu The updated list of threatened terrestrial and marine wildlife in Palawan and their categories is

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10-413 CATEGORIES PURSUANT TO REPUBLIC ACT 9147, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE WILDLIFE RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND PROTECTION ACT

tions/wildlife/res10-413.HTM found here:

http://pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/wildlife/updated%20list%20of%20threatened%20terrestrial%20and%20marine%20wildlife%20series%20of%202010-web.pdf


RESOLUTION DECLARING SEC. 7 OF PCSD ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 08 AS NULL AND VOID FOR BEING CONTRARY TO THE INTENTS AND PURPOSES OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9072

http://www.pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/admin/PCSD%20Resolution%20No.12-433.htm



DIRECTING THE ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES COMMITTEE TO PERFORM THE FUNCTIONS OF PALAWAN WILDLIFE MANAGMEMENT COMMITTEE AND PALAWAN CAVES MANAGEMENT, PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION COMMITTEE AMENDING SECTION 4 OF PCSD ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 12, SERIES OF 2011

http://www.pcsd.ph/resolutions/resolutions/wildlife/PCSD%20Resolution%20no.%2013-484.pdf


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Annex D. Mandate of agencies in the implementation of RA 9072 Agency/Entity Role Powers and Functions

PCSD Lead implementing agency

Conduct province wide planning, technical assistance to other agencies, and evaluation of activities in collaboration with other concerned agencies/entities as mentioned in Section 4 herein, in the implementation of this Order [PCSD Resolution No. 06-276];

Enter into a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with any local government unit, other government agencies, non-government organization, people's organization, academe and other concerned entities for the conservation, protection, development, and management of caves and cave resources;

Shall lead the team/group composed of the DENR, LGU, NM, NHI, non-government organizations, Indigenous Peoples, peoples organizations, academe and other concerned agencies in the conduct of researches on the identification, assessment and classification of caves and cave resources assessment and monitoring activities;

Tap the cooperation of non-government organizations, people's organization and other stakeholders as active partners in the conservation and protection of caves and cave resources;

Disseminate information and conduct educational campaign on the need to conserve, protect and manage caves and cave resources, with other partner agencies;

Issue SEP clearance/accreditation for the collection and removal of guano and other cave resources prior to LGU issuance of mayor's/business permit;

Conduct compliance monitoring of the SEP Clearance given to permittees as part of its oversight function;

Determine, in collaboration with concerned entities, the appropriate bonds and fees for the issuance of SEP clearance /accreditation;

Call on any government unit, bureau, agency, state university and/or other instrumentality of the government for assistance as the need arises in the discharge of its functions; and

Exercise other powers and perform other functions as may be necessary to implement the provisions of Republic Act No. 9072.

Local Government Units (LGUs)

Management and protection of caves pursuant to Republic Act 7160 (Local Government Code of 1991) and its implementing rules and regulations

Enter into a memorandum of agreement with the PCSDS for the preservation, protection, development and management of caves and cave resources;

Facilitate the organization, accreditation and issuance of permits to nest and other cave resources gatherers in the city;

Implement the IRR formulated by the PCSDS through local ordinances and/or other legal instrumentalities;

Tap the cooperation of local communities, institutions and organizations as partners in the conservation and protection

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Agency/Entity Role Powers and Functions

of caves and cave resources;

Issue visitor permits for caves classified for ecotourism by the appropriate tourism office;

Collect fees/royalties, fines and bonds from the utilization of cave resources and deposit the same to the Special Trust Fund created for the purpose and;

Assist the PCSDS in the filing of cases for violation of the Caves Act.

National Museum (NM)

Management and protection of caves in Palawan assessed with cultural, paleontological and archaeological values pursuant to Republic Act 4846 (An Act Providing for the Protection and Preservation of Philippine Cultural Properties) and its implementing rules and regulations

Manage and protect caves in Palawan assessed with cultural, paleontological and archaeological values;

With other agencies, participate in the conduct of studies or researches on the identification, assessment and classification of caves and cave resources which is to be led by the PCSDS and;

Participate in the conduct of Information and Education Campaign regarding caves and cave resources led by the PCSDS.

National Historical Institute (NHI) [now the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP)]

Management and protection of caves assessed with historical value pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1505-78 (Amending Presidential Decree No. 26, as amended, Prohibiting the Unauthorized Modification, Alteration, Repair and Destruction of Original Features of All National Shrines, Monuments, Landmarks and Other Important Historic Edifices)

Manage and protect caves assessed with historical value;

With other agencies, participate in the conduct of studies or researches on the identification, assessment and classification of caves and cave resources which is to be led by the PCSDS and;

Participate in the conduct of Information and Education Campaign regarding caves and cave resources led by the PCSDS.

Department of Tourism (DOT)

Promotion of caves classified for ecotourism and in the cave visitor management in

Promote caves classified for tourism

Manage cave visitors in cooperation with the LGUs;

Participate in the conduct of studies or researches on the identification, assessment and classification of caves and

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Agency/Entity Role Powers and Functions

accordance with Executive Order No. Ill (Establishing the Guidelines for Ecotourism Development in the Philippines) and Joint DENR-DOT Memorandum Circular No. 98-02 (Guidelines for Ecotourism Development in the Philippines)

cave resources which is to be led by the PCSDS and;

With other agencies, assist the PCSDS in assessing the value of a cave.

Department of Environment and Natural Resources

Protection of caves Protect and manage caves within protected areas;

Assist the PCSDS in the conduct of studies or researches on the identification, assessment and classification of caves and cave resources;

Assist the PCSD in conducting IEC regarding caves and cave resources;

Act as resource persons during training in cave management and caving skills and;

Provide assistance to the PCSDS and LGUs in the monitoring of caves and cave resources.

Indigenous Peoples

Manage and protect caves within ancestral lands

Manage and protect caves within ancestral lands/domains;

Assist technical personnel from different agencies during the conduct of studies or researches on the identification, assessment and classification of caves after they have obtained the FPIC [Note: The PCSD may no longer secure FPIC under PCSD Resolution No. 12-433] and;

Be deputized as Cave Enforcement Officers for the protection of caves and cave resources found inside CADTs/CADCs.

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Documents

Table of Contents Caves Management Plan 2016-2020.pdfand around the cave system. Hundred Caves is located in Barangay Tagabinet, Puerto Princesa City and has geographic coordinates