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Table of Contents Background Information ……………………………………………………………5 Current Market ……………………………………………………………………..…6 Wheel Loop Rack ………….…….……………………………………………...6 Loop Bike Rack ……………………………………………………………….…7 Stand-up Rack ……….…………………………………………………….…….8 Product Design …………………………………………………………………….... 9 Components of Bike Jawz ………………………………………………………10 Theory of Operation ……………………………………………………………12 Design Options ……………………………………………………………………...14 Student I.D. Card ..…………………………………………………………….14 Capacitance scanner …………………………………………………………..14 Multiple Units …………………………………………………………………...14 Implementation ……………………………………………………………………...15 Production ……………………………………………………………………...15 Marketing …………………………………………………………………....…16 Budget ………………………………………………………………………….16 Qualifications and Expertise ……………………………………………………16 Conclusion ........................................................................................................18 References …………………………………………………………………………...19 Appendix A: Resumes …………………………………………………………….20 Appendix B: Survey Results ……………………………………………………...25

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List of Figures Figure 1: Wheel Loop Rack ……………………………………………………………………6 Figure 2: Loop Bike Rack ……………………………………………………………………...7 Figure 3: Stand-up Rack ……………………………………………………………………….8 Figure 4: Bicycle in Bike Jawz ……………………………………………………………….. 9 Figure 5: Components of Bike Jawz ……………………………………………………..…10 Figure 6: Main Box ……………………………………………………………………………10 Figure 7: The Mechanical Arms ……………………………………………………………..11 Figure 8: Thumb-printing Scanner …………………………………………………………..11 Figure 9: Measurements of Bike Jawz ……………………………………………………...12

List of Tables Table 1: Estimation of Costs …………………………………………………………………16

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Executive Summary For students attending a university such as U.C.S.B, where the location of one class could mean traveling across campus within ten minutes to get to the next one, having a bicycle is one of the essential ways of getting around campus. Most of the students that live on or near the campus own a bicycle and some type of locking mechanism to secure it. Yet bike theft is common even when students properly lock their bicycles to the rack. The lock used by students is not the problem, but the design of the bike rack does nothing to secure the bike. Our product, Bike Jawz, fixes the flaw in the design of a conventional bike rack, decreasing the chances of a successful bike theft. Today’s bicycle racks serve merely to hold bicycles in place. Since there is such a large population of students who own bicycles, the closely spaced design of the bike-racks does not give the students the room needed to place their bikes properly. K.J.A.M.’s Bike Jawz solves the overcrowding problem and is more secure. Bike Jawz is 3.5 feet high and 15 inches wide box with a slot in the middle to place the front tire of the bicycle. Where the Bike Jawz becomes unique from any bike racking system is on the sides of the box: two adjustable arms lock both the wheel and the bike’s bottom tube. The system is locked by a thumb-print scanning system. The real advantage to Bike Jawz is that it can secure any bicycle, from a regular sized road bicycle to a BMX bicycle. Bike Jawz can be lined up together since it has small dimensions with enough space between each other for students to place their bicycles properly. At K.J.A.M. Inc. we came up with several other options for the design of Bike Jawz, including switching from optical to a capacitance scanners, using student I.D. cards instead of thumbprints to identify a bicycle owner, and using one scanner for multiple locks. The advantage of capacitance scanner is that it is more difficult to “trick” from an optical scanner, but the capacitance scanner costs significantly more. A card-swiping device would be cheaper than either, but would not solve the problem of students losing their access to their bicycles. Finally, it might be less expensive to have only one scanner for multiple locks, although the cost of having a more sophisticated computer that is capable of storing more information could negate this. The thumb-print scanner and the locking mechanism are to be bought from outside manufacturers. We plan to purchase the rest of the materials- steel, washers, screws, bolts, wiring-in bulk from a wholesale vendor. First we will build a prototype with our own money, since it won’t be extremely expensive. Hopefully this single prototype will be enough to earn us a commission to build more from UCSB. After our business expands we plan to advertise our product to interested investors in Santa Barbara. If our product is accepted, we are sure that it will become popular with the students for its simplicity and convenient way of securing bicycles. We have complete confidence that your financial backing investment will be a wise investment, greatly improving the UCSB community.

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Introduction Bicycles are a key mode of transportation for a large portion of college students. They are efficient, inexpensive to maintain, and reliable. For students who do not have cars, or for students who do not want to pay for expensive parking permits, bicycles are an obvious alternative. With a bike, a student can get across campus in less than ten minutes, and there are bicycle racks within easy walking distance of nearly every building. But there is one problem with the popularity of bikes: the popularity of bike theft. Entire bicycles, parts of bicycles, and even bicycle accessories are stolen every day on campus. To avoid having their source of transportation stolen, students must lock their bikes whenever they leave them unattended. But despite this inconvenient precaution, their bicycles can still be stolen. It is possible to saw through cables or chains, or pick locks. If students with quick-release wheels do not lock them, the wheels may be detached from the bike and stolen. There is also a danger of losing the key to a lock or forgetting the combination, both of which result in the owner of the bicycle being unable to use it. At K.J.A.M. Inc., we have come up with a solution to this problem of bicycle theft. Our Bike Jawz will be much more secure than ordinary locks, and instead of a key or combination lock, our product will use thumbprint technology to lock and unlock the bicycles. When a person wishes to lock a bike, he or she simply inserts either thumb into the scanner, and the print is stored in the scanner’s memory. When that person wishes to unlock the bike, he or she places the thumb back on the scanner, and if it matches the original print, the bicycle is unlocked, and the memory is erased to make room to store the next person’s print. With our improved bicycle-locking device, bicycle theft on campus will be eliminated, and students will no longer have to worry about losing their keys or remembering combinations to unlock their bikes. If successful on campus, our Bike Jawz can be extended to businesses with bicycle racks as well, which may encourage more people to choose this environmentally sound and cost-efficient means of transportation.

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Background Information

At the University of California, Santa Barbara, we observed the large number of bicycles present on campus. Over-crowded and messy bike racks and the risk of bicycle theft appeared to constantly be a problem. At K.J.A.M. Inc., we have designed a product to solve all of these problems: Bike Jawz. Bike Jawz is designed to prevent theft, in addition to providing an easy-to-use and organized permanent bicycle rack. Bike Jawz will eliminate the need for an additional lock since a locking mechanism is built into the rack. It will also help keep the bike racks more organized since bikes can only be inserted one way, eliminating crossed handlebars and other problems. One of the main goals that our product addresses is theft. According to UC Santa Barbara crime statistics, over 200 bicycles were reported stolen in 2001 from on-campus and surrounding locations. And while there is no official data, it is believed that many more bicycles are stolen, but are not reported to authorities. We believe that a number of things contribute to the high theft statistics on and around campus. Poorly designed bike racks make it difficult to securely lock both the bicycle frame as well as the wheel. Only locking your front (or back) wheel to a rack leaves the rest of your bike easy to steal; a thief can just leave behind the locked wheel and nothing else. We surveyed approximately 40 students on their opinions of the current racks and locks that are available and how they would like them to be improved. Over 85% of those surveyed ride their bikes on campus and use the current bike racks on a regular basis. Over 60% say they attempt to lock their bike to the racks by both the frame and the wheel. Another concern of those surveyed was being able to quickly lock their bike, almost 83% lock and unlock their bike over 3 times each day, with 38% of those locking it at least 6 times. These figures help to show the necessity of secure, easy to use bicycle racks on campus. We have also discovered that being unable to unlock your own bicycle can be a problem. Lost keys or forgotten combinations can get in the way when you need to access your bicycle. Our design utilizes thumbprint technology to lock and unlock the rack, thereby eliminating that problem. After placing the arms around your bike, a simple scan of your thumbprint will lock them in place until you return and use your thumbprint again to release the arms. In addition to the thumbprint technology, another design option available for Bike Jawz will be a card scanner linked to your identification card to lock the rack. In addition to the preferences stated earlier, we found that over 46% of students surveyed would be willing to pay a minimal fee to have a more secure bike-lock system installed on campus. Bike Jawz will not be very expensive, despite the high quality materials that will construct it, allowing either no fee or only a small student fee to cover the costs.

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Current Market Offerings

There are a variety of designs of permanent bike racks currently on the market. Some are designed primarily for looks while others are designed for economy usage. One of the main problems with the current designs is the ease in which the front wheel can be bent. With the front wheel poorly secured, a simple push on the bike frame can carry a lot of leverage causing the wheel to become deformed making it difficult or even impossible to ride. We will focus on those designed for economy bicycle parking because of the large amount of bicycles on campus. The designs shown are either exactly like, or very similar to, bike racks available at U.C. Santa Barbara. There are three main designs of bicycle racks located around campus.

• Wheel Loop Rack • Loop Bike Rack • The Stand-up Rack

Wheel Loop Rack (See Figure 1)

Figure 1: Wheel Loop Rack ( double capacity – left; single capacity – right)

[Transportation Alternatives, n.d.]

Wheel Loop Rack Bike Jawz

• Can bend the front wheel. • Secures the front wheel with the arms to prevent bending

• Can lock a U-lock to the frame only if bicycle is facing the correct direction.

• No need for a lock, arms lock bike frame to wheel to rack every time.

• Indicated direction, but not always followed by users.

• Rack is easily damaged, preventing further proper use

• Indicated direction, guaranteed to be followed.

• Rack is made of a strong metal and will withstand most abuse.

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Loop Bike Rack (See Figure 2)

Figure 2: Loop Bike Rack [Transportation Alternatives, n.d.]

Loop Bike Rack Bike Jawz • No support, bike can easily fall

over. • Secures the wheel and frame with

the arms and case.

• No indicated direction. • Indicated direction, guaranteed to be followed.

• Bikes can become tangled, hard to remove when other bikes are parked.

• Bikes are separated and will not become entangled.

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Stand-up Rack (See Figure 3)

Figure 3: Stand-up Rack [Transportation Alternatives, n.d.]

Stand-up Rack Bike Jawz • Can bend the front wheel. • Secures the front wheel with the

arms to prevent bending • Difficult to lock a U-lock to bike

frame, wheel and rack. • No need for a lock, arms lock bike

frame to wheel to rack every time. • No indicated direction for the bikes

to be placed, can become disorganized.

• Indicated direction, guaranteed to be followed

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Product Design Bike Jawz is a safer, more practical alternative to other permanent bicycle racks. It is a bike rack that can automatically lock a bike without using a portable lock. As shown in Figure 4, it is formed of a metal box with two iron arms. Once the front bike tire is placed inside the box, the arms will lock the tire and the main frame. The design of Bike Jawz makes bike theft almost impossible. Bike Jawz is designed to be easily installed on college campuses and any other place where there are already bicycle racks in place. This section describes the main components of Bike Jawz, how the bicycle is locked, and how the bike can be released.

Figure 4: Bicycle in Bike Jawz

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Components of Bike Jaws As shown in Figure 5, Bike Jawz consists of three main parts: Main Box, Mechanical Arms and Finger Printing Scanner.

Main Box The main box is a rectangular iron box that contains the opening where the front tire is inserted, as shown in Figure 6. A sensor is located in the opening to detect when the bicycle is in place. All the other three parts of the design are attached to the main box. The back of the main box contains the mechanism that disables the movement of the arms, effectively locking the bike in place. It also contains the wires that connect the finger printing scanner to the locking mechanism. Figure 6: Main Box

Mechanical Arms

Metallic Teeth

Tire Sensor

Finger Printing Scanner

Main Box

Figure 5: Components of Bike Jawz

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Mechanical Arms The mechanical arms are attached to the sides of the box. As shown in Figure 7, they are connected to the box by metallic squares. The metallic squares allow the arms to move freely sideways and up and down. The free movement of the arms will make it easier for the user to fit his bike between them. When not in use, the arms will slide vertically downward. Each arm has two metal rods (teeth) that protrude out of it. When the arms are attached together, the teeth surround the front wheel and the frame of the bike, locking it in place. Figure 7: The Mechanical Arms

Thumb-printing Scanner

The thumb-printing scanner (Figure 8) is located on the top of the box. When a thumbprint is scanned the machine locks the movement of the arms so that the bike is surrounded by two unmovable metal arms. When the same thumbprint is scanned again, the machine unlocks the arms, so the user can move the arms sideways to take his or her bike.

Figure 8: Thumb-printing Scanner

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Theory of Operation The locking of any bike with Bike Jawz involves a certain technical process. This process includes two stages: the external and internal stages. The external stages include the actions that the user needs to perform in order to lock the bicycle to the rack. The internal stages consist of a series of signals and orders that occur inside the machine. A failure in any step of the process will not allow the bike to be locked. Bike Jawz contains a complicated mechanism that allows it to be simply used. There is a sensor that is located in the backboard of the main box (see Figure 9 for the dimensions of Bike Jawz). When a bike is inserted in the main box, the sensor recognizes it. The sensor then sends a message to the locking mechanism that controls the movement of the metallic arms, this message allows the mechanism to release the arms, so that they can move freely. This prevents people from “reserving” a spot among the bicycle racks by locking empty Bike Jawz, because the arms only work when a bicycle is present. The next two steps are left up to the user. The user needs to fit the teeth around the front tire and the main frame, then he needs to insert his thumb into the thumb-printing scanner. Finally, the scanner will send another signal to the locking mechanism that will disable the movement of the arms, locking the bicycle in place. Main Box Dimensions

• Height: 40” • Width: 15” module • Depth: 20” • Weight: 17 lbs (8 kg) • Construction: Solid steel body • Capacity: One bicycle per module

Mechanical Arms Dimensions

• Length: 56.94” • Width: 5” • Weight: 3 lbs each • Construction: Steel

Figure 9: Measurements of Bike Jawz

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The Locking Steps

1. Insert the front wheel of the bike in the opening of the Main Box. Make sure that the front wheel is touching the sensor, so the machine will detect the bicycle’s presence.

2. Move the Mechanical Arms upward to be at the same level as the bike. 3. Fit the teeth between the front tire and the main frame of the bicycle. 4. Push the Mechanical arms close together, so the teeth connect. 5. Insert your thumb in the thumbprint scanner, so the machine disables the

movement of the arms. 6. The bicycle is locked.

The Releasing Steps

1. Re-insert your thumb in the scanner so that the machine can test to see if the same person is trying to release the bicycle.

2. Pull the Mechanical arms away from each other. 3. Push them down, so they hang at the sides of the Main Box. 4. Pull your bicycle away from the opening of the main frame. 5. The bicycle is now unlocked

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Design Options Although our final model of Bike Jawz does not come with options, while we were creating it we came up with a variety of other designs. We are willing to consider these alternatives to the current Bike Jawz model. These include using student I.D. cards instead of thumbprints, using capacitance scanners instead of optical scanners, and having multiple bicycle locks operated by one scanner. Student I.D. card Our initial idea for Bike Jawz involved students swiping their I.D. cards instead of using a thumbprint. We thought that this might be an easier and cheaper methodt and would ensure that only U.C.S.B. students would have access to these superior locks (some of the old racks will be left on campus for those who do not pay tuition). The downside is that instead of worrying about losing keys, students will have to worry more about losing their I.D. cards, so we will have only solved the security problem. Capacitance Scanner There are two types of fingerprint scanners: optical scanners and capacitance scanners. An optical scanner uses light to make a print of the ridges on someone’s finger. A capacitance scanner uses electric signals to detect where the ridges are. Capacitance scanners tend to be more compact than optical scanners. It is also possible to “trick” an optical scanner by using an outline of the ridges of someone’s finger, although it is doubtful that someone would go to so much trouble just to steal a bicycle. Unfortunately, capacitance scanners are significantly more expensive than optical, so we have chosen optical scanners for our design. However, it is possible to use capacitance scanners instead. Multiple Units It would be possible to set up multiple Bike Jawz that operate with just one scanner. This would save money on the scanner, but it would be much more complex because the scanner would have to store multiple thumbprints and keep track of which bicycle they belonged to. Perhaps future models can be made this way.

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Implementation Plan

Bike Jawz is completely different from any other form of permanent bicycle racks. Thus, it is more difficult and costly to manufacture and install on campus, although the benefits make it more than worth it. Here is the implementation plan that we have designed at K.J.A.M. Inc, including a pre-production and prototype-building plan before actual manufacturing begins. Pre- Production A workspace needs to be rented for the operation to take place. This place will be used by the engineers as a conference room to discuss and develop the design, then as a workshop to build the design and finally as a showdown place where the sponsors and buyers can see and test the product. Second, after renting the workspace, the engineers need to contact the companies that manufacture the needed machines (finger-printing scanner and locking mechanism), then order the needed amount. The engineers also need to shop for the iron sheets and the wires. Small amounts of the materials will be bought just to experience with one or two models. Prototype Before we can convince companies to invest in our product, we will need to build a prototype so that we can demonstrate how Bike Jawz works. The prototype will be full size, so that we can use a real bicycle in our demonstration. Once people are interested we can begin to produce Bike Jawz on a more massive scale. Manufacturing Production First the main box needs to be assembled. Then the sensor, mechanical arms, and scanner will be installed in it. The Main Box The box will be made out of steel. Its dimensions will be 40” x 20” x 15”, for height, width and depth respectively. Each side will be constructed from a steel sheet, giving the main box a weight of 17 lbs. Each of the two side sheets will include a square hole, where the arms need to be installed.

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The Sensor The sensor will be bought from an outside company. The sensor will be placed in the back of the opening in the main box to recognize when a bicycle is present so that no one can “reserve” a spot by inserting their thumbprint when there is no bicycle present. The Mechanical Arms The arms will also be made of steel. They will be 56.94 inch long and 4.25 wide, in the form of large metal rectangles that will each contain two metal rods (teeth). The teeth will also be made of steel and will fit into each other so that the bicycle can be locked. The arms will be installed in the two side sheets of the main box where the rectangular holes are. The arms will be able to move freely up and down. The Scanner The scanner will be installed in the top sheet of the box. The scanner will have an opening to allow the user to insert his or her thumb. After all parts have been installed in the main box they will be connected by wires. The wires will be covered by the back sheet of the box. Bike Jawz needs to be connected to a power source. Marketing We designed Bike Jawz mainly for use at UCSB, so initially our focus will be on the campus only. However, Bike Jawz is useful anywhere you can bike to, so we may expand to make them for businesses who have employees that bicycle to work. In this case, we would probably send fliers to businesses we thought might be interested, and we do have website for anyone who happens to be browsing the internet. Hopefully, the establishment of Bike Jawz on a campus like UCSB will be advertisement enough.

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Budget We have estimated the cost of installation for each individual Bike Jawz.

Table 1: Estimation of Costs

Part Quantity Cost Thumb-printing scanner 1 $30.00 Metal sheet 6 $ 6.50 Locking machine 1 $25.00 Wires 20 $ 2.00 Total Cost per Unit: $ 134.00 per unit + installation costs We expect that the cost will go down as more units are made, since materials would cost less were we buying in bulk. Our estimate for the amount of time to make a single unit is 1.25 hours. We need time to cut the metal and then weld it together. We would also need to rent some sort of warehouse in which to build the Bike Jawz and store our materials. So adding the cost of labor and land to the cost of materials, we need to charge about $200.00 per unit in order to make a profit. Qualifications and Expertise K.J.A.M is led by a group of four engineers. The group consists of Armando Marquez (mechanical engineer), Katharine Nichols-Smith (chemical engineer), Jocelyn Simon (chemical engineer), and Mohamed Tawy (chemical engineer). Their resumes are included in the Appendix. The mixture of different engineering majors helped to establish a system, where each engineer was responsible for the duty that belongs to his field. Armando was responsible for the design of the hardware, what measurements and components should be used and how the different parts are put together. Mohamed was in charge of the locking mechanism, Jocelyn was in charge of the thumb-printing scanner and Kate was in charge of the sensor. Their duties were to know how it could work, how it can be connected to the other parts and how it can be user-friendly.

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Conclusion For college students at UCSB, many of whom use bicycles as a main source of transportation, bicycle theft is a major problem. Out of fear that their bikes may be stolen if left alone, students have to go through the major inconvenience of locking their bicycles every time they go somewhere, even though the bike may still be stolen. If students have quick-release wheels and do not lock them, people will steel just the wheel. Sometimes there are not enough racks to which students can lock their bikes. And even if a student has locked his or her bicycle securely, it is possible to saw through chains or cables or break the locks so that the bike can be stolen. Another problem exists; most students use a key to lock and unlock their bicycle, and many report having lost their key at one time, making it impossible for them to use their bike. Students with combination locks instead of keys, especially those who do not use their bicycles on a daily basis, are in danger of forgetting their combinations; also enabling them from using their bicycles. With K.J.A.M.’s new Bike Jawz, these problems are solved. With our locking device, students’ bicycles will be locked much more securely. Since students won’t have to wrap a coil around their bicycles, through their wheels, and then through the racks, they will save a lot of time with Bike Jawz. And finally, since instead of keys or combinations Bike Jawz uses thumbprint technology to lock and unlock the rack, students do not have to worry about losing their keys or forgetting their combination. We realize that Bike Jawz is much more expensive than other permanent bicycle racks, but we believe that the cost is more than worth it. Bike Jawz requires little maintenance, so besides the initial cost there is not much to pay, and students will no longer have to worry about their bicycles being stolen.

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References City of Portland, Office of Transportation (2003) Bicycle Parking Information, Retrieved

May 1, 2004. http://www.trans.ci.portland.or.us/bicycles/parkguide.htm#Rack

Harris, Tom. (n.d.). How Fingerprint Scanning Works. Retrieved on April 8, 2004 from

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/fingerprint-scanner.htm Home Depot, The. (2004). Master Flow. Retrieved on May 5, 2004 from

http://www.homedepot.com National Bike Registry (n.d) Bicycle Theft, Retrieved May 1, 2004.

http://www.nationalbikeregistry.com/college.html Outdoor Fun Store Co. (2004). Commercial Bicycle Racks. Retrieved April 11, 2004

from http://www.outdoorfunstore.com/commercial-bicycleracks.asp Transportation Alternatives. (2004). On-Street Bicycle Parking. Retrieved on April 11,

2004 from www.transalt.org/blueprint/chapter12/chapter12c.html UCSB Student Affairs (October 2, 2002) Crime Statistics at UCSB and in the

Surrounding Community, Retrieved May 1, 2004. http://www.sa.ucsb.edu/policies/crimestatistics.htm

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Appendix A This Appendix includes the resumes of K.J.A.M. Inc’s top executives: Armando Marquez, Katharine Nichols-Smith, Jocelyn Simon, and Mohamed Tawy.

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Appendix B This is a sample of the survey we conducted (for results see the following page):

SURVEY OF STUDENT BICYCLE SECURITY PRACTICES

Please answer the following questions by circling the appropriate choice or writing in your response. Do you bike on campus? Yes No Do you use the bike racks? Yes No What type of lock system do you use? U-lock Chain Coil What type of lock do you have? Key Combination How expensive was your bike lock? Under $10 $10-$20 $20+ How do you lock your bike? Wheel to frame Wheel to rack Both Other Do you ever leave your bike unlocked? Yes No On average, how many times a day do you lock and unlock your bike?

1-2 3-5 6+

Do you carry your access card with you? Yes No Have you ever lost your access card? Yes No Have you ever lost your keys? Yes No Would you prefer a more secure security system for bicycles? Yes No How would you improve the current campus bike racks? Would you be willing to pay a minimal fee to have a more secure bike-lock system on campus? Yes No What year are you?

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Survey Results Do you bike on campus? Yes [38] No [4] Do you use the bike racks? Yes [37] No [5]

What type of lock system do you use? U-lock [21] Chain [8] Coil [13] What type of lock do you have? Key [39] Combination [3] How expensive was your bike lock? Under $10 [6] $10-$20 [14] $20+ [21] How do you lock your bike? Wheel to frame Wheel to rack Both Other Do you ever leave your bike unlocked? Yes [2] No [40] On average, how many times a day do you lock and unlock your bike?

1-2 [3] 3-5 [19] 6+ [16]

Do you carry your access card with you? Yes [34] No [8] Have you ever lost your access card? Yes [11] No [31] Have you ever lost your keys? Yes [13] No [29] Would you prefer a more secure security system for bicycles? Yes[26] No[16] How would you improve the current campus bike racks? [various responses; most people wanted more racks or racks that are easier to use] Would you be willing to pay a minimal fee to have a more secure bike-lock system on campus? Yes [19] No [23] What year are you? [our survey included about 30 1st-year and 10 3rd-year students]