ASTAP-26/TMP-xx

APT REPORT

on

INTEGRATION OF RADIO OVER FIBER WITH WDM PON FOR SEAMLESS ACCESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

No. APT/ASTAP/REPT-19

Edition: September 2015

Source Document: ASTAP-26/OUT-13

Adopted by

The 26th APT Standardization Program Forum (ASTAP-26)

9 12 September 2015, Bangkok, Thailand

APT REPORT ON INTEGRATION OF RADIO OVER FIBER WITH WDM PON FOR SEAMLESS ACCESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

CONTENTS

1. Introduction

2. Scope

3. References

4. Abbreviations and acronyms

5. Problem statement

6. System Architecture

6.1 Overall system architecture

6.2 Downlink system architecture

6.3 Uplink system architecture

6.4 Radio-collaborating optical distribution network (ODN)

6.5 Transmission system architectures

6.6 Modulation-symbol-format (MSF) maintaining transmission scheme

7. Example of proof of concept

7.1 Downlink System

7.1.1 Downlink Demonstration Setup

7.2 Uplink System

7.2.1 Uplink Demonstration Setup

7.3 Network Integration Setup

7.4 Implementation of RoF WDM-PON

8. Results and discussion

8.1 Downlink system

8.2 Uplink system

8.3 Integration Uplink and Downlink System

8.4 Implementation of RoF WDM-PON System

9. Conclusion

1. Introduction

An appearance of Radio over Fiber (RoF) technique has introduced a new ways of communication. With high bandwidth capability of fiber optic, it can solve traffic problems and spreading the coverage of the system. By manipulating the advantages of optical fiber, it is believed that the RoF system is able to reach over 60GHz of RF carrier for data transmission with small attenuation. Based on the concept, the RoF system can increases spur free dynamic range (SPDR), reduces noise figure and improves bandwidth [1] of communication system. Currently, there are many variations of RoF system that were introduced with each one offers different specifications and application for different purposes. In some published papers and journals, RoF system is dubbed as microwave over fiber (MMoF), RF over fiber (RFoF), fiber-wireless (FiWi) and Fiber-to-the-air. Although there are many variation names of the RoF system, it still offers a cost economic solution from the aspect of installation and maintenance of central base station unit which functioned as data processing and distributor [2].

The millimeter-wave (mm-wave) RoF downlink and uplink system has been developed, which the signal for RoF downlink is transmitted from central station (CS) to remote antenna unit (RAU) before extending it wirelessly to the customer premise unit (CPE) with millimeter-wave capability. While, the signal of the RoF uplink from the CPE to RAU wirelessly and then the base-band signal is transmitted to the CS. There are many techniques to generate millimeter-wave signal for downlink system, to name a few, the optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) [3], optical-injection phase-locked loop (OIPLL) [4], dual sideband (DSB) modulation [5], using stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) [6-8] and the dual-sideband optical carrier suppression (DSB-OCS) [9-11]. The DSB-OCS and SBS techniques have been used in this project for carrier generation. For uplink system, there are no special topology has been used because the base-band signal is transmitted directly from RAU to the CS.

In addition, a life high definition (HD) video transmission has been demonstrated for RoF downlink and uplink system. The RoF downlink system was demonstrated using dual-sideband OCS technique in conjunction with the minimum transmission bias (MiTB) to generate optical millimetre-wave signal by utilizing a dual electrode Mach Zehnder modulator (DE-MZM). A baseband HD video signal is modulated into the system and then the signal is distributed to a RAU using 20km optical fiber. After that, the signal is transmitted wirelessly to the CPE. Whereas, the RoF uplink system was demonstrated from CPE to RAU through 25km fiber and the base-band signal is transmitted directly to CS. The HD video is successfully transmitted over the error free.

2. Scope

In this document, architecture of RoF-WDM PON system has been proposed, which the RF signal is transmitted from central station (CS) to remote antenna unit (RAU) before extending it wirelessly to the customer premise unit (CPE) with millimeter-wave capability. This RoF system is riding on existing PON system with WDM technology.

3. References

[1] Charles H. Cox, Analog Optical Links: Theory and Practice, Cambridge University Press, 2004.

[2]Nobuo Nakajima, RoF Technologies Applied for Cellular and Wireless Systems, Microwave Photonics 2005 International Topical Meeting, Oct. 2005, pp. 11-14.

[3]L. N. Langley, M. D. Elkin, C. Edge, M. J. Wale, X. Gliese, X. Huang, and A.J. Seeds, Packaged Semiconductor Laser Optical Phase-Locked Loop (OPLL)for Photonic Generation, Processing and Transmission of Microwave Signals, IEEE Trans. On Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 47, NO. 7, 1257 -1264, (1999).

[4]L. A. Johansson, and A. J. Seeds, 36 GHz 140-Mb/s Radio-Over-Fiber Transmission Using an Optical Injection Phase-Lock Loop Source, IEEE Photonics Tech. Letters Vol. 13, NO. 8, 893 - 895, (2001).

[5]Laurncio, P., Vargues, H., Av, R., & Medeiros, M. C. R. (2010), Generation and Transmission of Millimeter Wave Signals Employing Optical Frequency Quadrupling, 2010 12th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, ICTON 2010.

[6]R. Mohamad, A.K. Zamzuri, S. Yaakob, S.M. Idrus, A.S. Supaat, Internally Generated 21.6-GHz Millimeter Wave based on Brillouin Fiber Laser, 3rd International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICEEI 2011), Bandung, Indonesia, Paper ID: I3 4, July 17-19, 2011.

[7]Y. G. Shee, M. A. Mahdi, M. H. Al-Mansoori, S. Yaakob, R. Mohamed, A. K. Zamzuri, A. Man, A. Ismail, S. Hitam, All-Optical Generation of 21 GHz Microwave by Incorporating a Double Brillouin Frequency Shifter, Optics Letters, Vol. 35, No. 9, pp. 1461 - 1463, 2010.

[8]Shee Yu Gang, M. A. Mahdi, M. H. Al-Mansoori, Nor Azura Ahmad Hambali, M. Z. Abdul Kadir, Romli Mohamad, Syamsuri Yaakob, Threshold Reduction of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Photonic Crystal Fiber, Laser Physic Journal, Vol. 19, No. 12, pp. 21942196, 2009.

[9]Hsueh, Y. -., Jia, Z., Chien, H. -., Yu, J., & Chang, G. -. (2009), A Novel Bidirectional 60-GHz Radio-over-Fiber Scheme with Multiband Signal Generation using a Single Intensity Modulator, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 21(18), 1338-1340.

[10]Park, C. S., Yeo, Y. -., & Ong, L. C. (2010), Demonstration of the GbE Service in the Converged Radio-over-Fiber/Optical Networks, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 28(16), 2307-2314.

[11]Seo, J. -., Choi, C. -., Kang, Y. -., Chung, Y. -., Kim, J., & Choi, W. -. (2006), SOA-EAM Frequency Up/Down-Converters for 60-GHz Bi-Directional Radio-on-Fiber Systems, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 54(2), 959-966.

[12]Cao, Z., Yu, J., Zhou, H., Wang, W., Xia, M., Wang, J., et al. (2010), WDM-ROF-PON Architecture for Flexible Wireless and Wire-Line Layout,Journal of Optical Communications and Networking,2(1-3), 117-121.

4. Abbreviations and acronyms

ASKAmplitude-Shift Keying

BBABaseband Amplifier

BEP/FEPBack-End Processor and Front-End Processor

CPECustomer Premise Equipment

CSCentral Station

CWContinuous Wave

DEDual Electrode

DEMUXDemultiplexer

DPDistribution Point

DSBDual Sideband

EDFAErbium-doped Fiber Amplifier

FCPFrequency Conversion Processor

FiWiFiber Wireless

FTTHFiber to the Home

GPONGigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks

HDHigh Definition

HDMIHigh-Definition Multimedia Interface

IF-band Intermediate-Frequency-band

LDLaser Diode

LNALow Noise Amplifier

LOSLine-of-sight

M/dMPModulation and demodulation processor

MiTB Minimum Transmission Bias

MMoF Microwave over Fiber

MUXMultiplexer

MSFModulation Symbol Format

MZMMach-Zehnder Modulator

OCSOptical Carrier Suppression

ODFOptical Distribution Frame

OIPLLOptical-injection Phase-locked Loop

OLTOptical Line Terminal

ONUOptical Network Unit

OOKOn-Off Keying

OSUOptical Subscriber Unit

PAPower Amplifier

PDPhotodetector

PONPassive Optical Network

PRBSPseudo-random Bit Sequence

RAURemote Antenna Unit

RFRadio Frequency

RF-bandRadio-Frequency-band

RoFRadio over Fiber

RxReceiver

SBS Stimulated Brillouin Scattering

SDISerial Digital Interface

SMASubMiniature Version A

SOASemiconductor Optical Amplifier

SPDRSpur Free Dynamic Range

TxTransmitter

TCLPTransmission Convergence Layer Processor

WDMWavelength Division Multiplexing

5. Problem statement

Figure 5.1Architecture of current FTTH installation obstacles.

Typical access to high speed broadband internet access is through Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) network. This conventional network requires fiber to be installed from the exchange (from the service provider) to the customer's premises equipment (to the user). Figure 5.1 is shows the architecture of current FTTH installation obstacles. In certain area, regulation from the local authority requires the fiber to be deployed underground. Problem occurs when there are obstacles either from man-made obstacles (e.g. buildings) or from natural geographical surroundings (e.g. river) that prevent fiber to be instal