T3 B4 Hurley Reading Material 4 of 4 Fdr- 1st Pgs of All Reading Material in Folder (for Reference- Fair Use) 998

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Copyright 1999 The New York Times CompanyThe New York TimesView Related Topics

April 13, 1999, Tuesday, Late Edition - FinalSECTION: Section A; Page 1; Column 1; Foreign DeskLENGTH: 2424 wordsHEADLINE: U.S. Hard Put to Find Proof Bin Laden Directed AttacksBYLINE: ByTI MWEI NERBODY:American commandos are poised near the Afghan border, hoping to capture Osamabin Laden, the man charged with blowing up two American embassies in Africa eightmonths ago, senior American officials say.But they still do not know how to find him. They are depending on his protectors inAfghanistan to betray him a slim reed of hope for one of the biggest and mostcomplicated international criminal investigations in American history.Capturing Mr. bin Laden alive could deepen the complications. American officials saythat so far, firsthand evidence that could be used in court to prove that hecommanded the bombings has proven difficult to obtain. According to the publicrecord, none of the informants involved in the case have direct knowledge of Mr. binLaden's involvement.For now, officials say, Federal prosecutors appear to be building a case that hisviolent words and ideas, broadcast from an Afghan cave, incited terrorist actsthousands of miles away.In their war against Mr. bin Laden, American officials portray him as the world's mostdangerous terrorist. But reporters for The New York Times and the PBS program"Frontline," working in cooperation, have found him to be less a commander ofterrorists than an inspiration for them.Enemies and supporters, from members of the Saudi opposition to present andformer American intelligence officials, say he may not be as globally powerful assome American officials have asserted. But his message and aims have moreresonance among Muslims around the world than has been understood here."You can kill Osama bin Laden today or tomorrow; you can arrest him and put himon trial in New York or in Washington," said Ahmed Sattar, an aide to Sheik OmarAbdel Rahman, the blind Egyptian cleric convicted of inspiring the bombing of theWorld Trade Center in 1993. "If this will end the problem no. Tomorrow you willget somebody else."Interviews with senior American officials and knowledgeable observers of Mr. binLaden in Pakistan, Sudan and elsewhere suggest that there is widespread supportamong ordinary people in the Muslim world for his central political argument: that


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The New Y orker: Fact Page 1 o f 7

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December 31, 2003 i homePROFILESTHE MAN BEHIND BIN LADENby LAWRENCE WRIGHTHow an Egyptian doctor became a m aster of terror.Issue of 2002-09-16Posted 2002-09-09IITHE MARTYR

In 1950, the year before A yman al-Zawahiriwas born, Sayyid Qutb, a well-known literarycritic in Cairo, returned hom e after spendingtwo years at Colorado S tate College ofEducation, in Greeley. He had left Cairo as asecular writer who en joyed a sinecure in theMinistry of Education. One of his earlydiscoveries was a young w riter named NaguibMahfouz, who won the 1988 Nobel Prize inLiterature. "Qutb was our friend," Mahfouzrecalled recently in Cairo. "W hen I wasgrowing up, he was the first critic to recognizeme." Mahfouz, who has been unable to w ritesince 1994, when he was stabbed and nearlykilled by Islamic fundam entalists, told me thatbefore Qutb went to A merica he was at oddswith many of the sheikhs, who he thoughtwere "outof date." According to M ahfouz,Qutb saw himself as part of the modern age,and he wore his religion lightly. His greatpassion was Egyptian nationalism, and,perhaps because of his strident opposition tothe British occupation, the Ministry ofEducation decided that he would be safer inAmerica.Qutb had studied American literature andpopu lar culture; the United States, in contrastwith the European powers, seemed to him andother Egyptian nationalists to be a friendly

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http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/7020916fa_fact2b 12/31/2003


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10/8/99: Michael Sheehan, Secretary A lbright's Designation of Foreign Terrorist Organiz... Page 1 of 9

Terrorism Resources

Ambassador Michael SheehanCoordinator for the Office of CounterterrorismBriefing, Secretary Albright's Designation of Foreign TerroristOrganizationsWashington, DC,October 8,1999

Secretary Albright's Designation of Foreign Terrorist OrganizationsMR. RUBIN: No w, if we could turn to the Secretary's designations on terrorism, there isa statement that I am going to briefly summarize under the Secretary's name that we willprovide you after the briefing.The Secretary designated 28 groups today. This is the second biannual designation un derthe Act. Ambassador Sheehan will go through the various groups that this applies to.These designations have three main consequences, ensuring tha t it is a crime to providefunds, weapons or other types of tangible support to the designated organizations. Second,members and representatives of these organizations are ineligible for visas and are subjectto exclusion from the United States. And, third, any funds that these organizations have inour country will be frozen.Through the good work of our counterterrorism coordinator, Michael Sheehan, the StateDepartment plays a key role in this effort to stop terrorism. That is why Secretary Albrightbelieves it is alarming that Congress has just voted to slash our funding forcounterterrorism programs at a time of increased public concern about the terrorist threatand clear evidence that terrorists continue to target Americans, this action is directlycontrary to the interest of our country and is one of the reasons the President has said hewould veto the Foreign O perations A ppropriation B ill.With those general comments, let me introduce you again to a regular briefer here in thebriefing room, Ambassador M ichael Sheehan. Thank you.

AMBASSADOR SHEEHAN: Thank you, Jamie. Let me expound upon Jamie's openingremarks and say a few words about the Secretary's designation of the foreign terroristorganizations, FTOs as we know them, and then review a few other aspects of ourcounterterrorism policy.As a member of the S tate Department, our role isn't always as glamorous as those of mycounterparts in other agencies, FBI, CIA, the military, apprehending criminals, bringingthem back on airplanes late at night. B ut we are, rather, the steady and the political,diplomatic fight against terrorism. Often unseen, slow grind, diplomatic slog that I believereally pay s dividends in the long term.

http://www.fas.org/irp/threat/991008_sheehan_fto.html 12/10/2003


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ic New Yorker Page 1 of 33

December 31, 2003 homeTHE NEW YORKERFACTPROFILESTHE MAN BEHIND BIN LADENby LAWRENCE WRIGHTHow an Egyptian doctor became a master of terror.Issue of 2002-09-16Posted 2002-09-09

.Last March, a band of horsemen journeyed through the province of Paktika, in Afghanistan, nearthe Pakistan border. Predator drones were circling the skies and American troopswere sweepingthrough the mountains. The war had begun six months earlier, and by now the fighting hadnarrowed down to the ragged eastern edge of the country. Regional warlords had been bought off,the borders supposedly sealed. For twelve days, American and coalition forces had been bombingthe nearby Shah-e-Kot Valley and systematically destroying the cave complexes in the Al Qaedastronghold. And yet the horsemen were riding unhindered toward Pakistan.They came to the village of a local militia commander named Gula Jan, whose long beard andblack turban might have signalled that he was a Taliban sympathizer. "I saw a heavy, older man,an Arab, who wore dark glasses and had a white turban," Jan told Ilene Prusher, of the ChristianScience Monitor, four days later. "He was dressed like an Afghan, but he had a beautiful coat, andhe was with two other Arabs who had masks on." The man in the beautiful coat dismounted andbegan talking in a polite and humorous manner. He asked Jan and an Afghan companion aboutthe location of American and Northern Alliance troops. "We are afraid we will encounter them,"he said. "Show us the right way."While the men were talking, Jan slipped away to examine a poster that had been dropped into thearea by American airplanes. It showed a photograph of a man in a white turban and glasses. Hisface wasbroad and meaty, with a strong, prominent nose and full lips. His untrimmed beard wasgray at the temples and ran in milky streaks below his chin. On his high forehead, framed by theswaths of his turban, was a darkened callus formed by many hours of prayerful prostration. Hiseyes reflected the sort of decisiveness one might expect in a medical man, but they also showed ameasure of serenity that seemed oddly out of place. Jan was looking at a wanted poster for a mannamed Dr. Ayman al-Zawahiri, who had a price of twenty-five million dollars on his head.Jan returned to the conversation. The man he now believed to be Zawahiri said to him, "May Godbless you and keep you from the enemies of Islam. Try not to tell them where we came from andwhere we are going."There was a telephone number on the wanted poster, but Gula Jan did not have a phone. Zawahiriand the masked Arabs disappeared into the mountains.ITHE SPORTING CLUB

In June of 2001, two terrorist organizations, Al Qaeda and Egyptian Islamic Jihad, formallymerged into one. The name of the new entityQaeda al-Jihadreflects the long andinterdependent history of these two groups. Although Osama bin Laden, the founder of Al Qaeda,hasbecome the public face of Islamic terrorism, the members of Islamic Jihad and its guiding

http://www.newyorker.com/printable/?fact/020916fa_fact2 12/31/2003


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r fPSCI-SSCI Joint Inquiry Staff Statement, Part I: Sta tement of Eleanor Hil l : September .. . Page 1 of 26

Joint Inquiry Staff Statement, Part IEleanor Hill, Staff Director, Joint Inquiry Staff

September 18, 2002Foreword

Chairman Graham, Chairman Goss, before I proceed w ith m y statement, I want to makeclear to you a nd the members of these tw o Committees that the information I am going topresent has been cleared fo r public release. As you know, much of the information the JointInquiry Staff has been examining is highly classified. Over the last tw o months, w e havebeen working with the Intelligence Community in a long and arduous process to declassifyinformation w e believe is important to the public's understanding of why the IntelligenceCommunity did not know of the September 11 attacks in advance. By late last night, wewere able to resolve all but two issues.The Director of Central Intelligence ha s declined to declassify tw o issues of particularimportance to this Inquiry:

Any references to the Intell igence Com mun ity providing information to the Presidentor White House; and The identity of and in format ion on a key al-Qa'ida leader involved in the September

11 attacks.According to the DCI, the President's kno wled ge of intelligence inform ation relevant to thisInquiry rem ains classified even w hen the substance of that intelligence inform ation ha s beendeclassified. W ith respect to the key al-Qa'ida leader involved in the Septemb er 11 attacks,the DC I declined to declassify his identity despite an enormous vo lume of m edia reportingon this individual.The Joint Inquiry Staff disagrees with th e DCI's position on both issues. W e believe th eAm erican pu blic has a com pelling interest in this informa tion and that pub lic disclosurewould not harm na tional security. H owever, w e do not have independent a uthority todeclassify intelligence information short of a lengthy procedure in the U.S.Congress. W etherefore prepa red this statement without detailed descriptions of our work in these tw oareas.

IntroductionChai rman Graham, Cha i rman Goss, mem bers of this Joint Co nunittee, good m orning . Iappreciate th e opporftunity to appear here today to advise th e Commit tees , and theAmer ican public, on the progress to date of the Joint inquiry Staf f s review of the activit ies

ht tp :/ /www.fas .o rg / i rp /congress /2002J i r /091802 hi l l.h tml 12/29/2003


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The Intelligence Community'sKnowledge of the September 11 HijackersPrior to September 11,2001

Eleanor Hill, Staff Director, Joint Inquiry StaffSeptember 20,2002


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/ashingtonpost.com: Military Split On How to Use Special Forces In Terror W ar Page 1 of 5

washingtonpost.com

M ilitary Split On How to Use Special Forces InTerror W arBy Gregory L. VisticaWashington Post Staff WriterMonday, January 5, 2004; Page A01With Defense Secretary D onald H. Rum sfeld pressuring the Pentagon to takea more aggressive role in tracking d own terrorists, m ilitary and intelligenceofficials are engaged in a fierce debate over w hen and how elite military unitsshould be deployed for maximum effectiveness.Under Rumsfeld's direction, secret commando units known as hunter-killerteams have been ordered to "kick down the doors," as the generals put it, allover the world in search of al Qaeda members and their sym pathizers.The approach has succeeded in recent months in Iraq, as Special Operationsforces have helped capture Saddam H ussein and other Baathist loyalists. Butin other parts of the world, particularly A fghanistan, these soldiers and theircivilian advocates have com plained to superiors that the P entagon'scounterterrorism policy is too inflexible in the use of Special Forces overalland about what units are allowed to chase down suspected terrorists,according to former commandos and a Defense Department official.In fact, these advocates said the U.S. military may have m issed chances tocapture two of its most-wanted fugitives Mohammad Omar, the Talibanleader, andAyman Z awahiri, d eputy to Osama binLaden - during thepasttwo years because of restrictions on Green B erets in favor of two othercomponents of the Special O perations Com mand , the Delta Force and SEALTeam Six.They said several credible sightings by CIA and military informan ts of Omarentering a mosque this spring in Kandaha r, Afghanistan, were relayed to U.S. forces at nearby F irebaseGecko, where a Green Beret team was ready to deploy. But rather than send in the Green Berets, whowere just minutes from the mosque, comm anders follow ed strict military doctrine and called on theDelta Force, the team of comm andos whose primary mission is to kill and capture targets such asHussein.

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In the several hours it took the Delta unit, based hun dreds of miles aw ay near Kabu l, to review theinformation and prepare for the raid, Omar vanished, said the sources, all of wh om advise Rumsfe ld'ssenior aides.Other inform ants reported spotting Zaw ahiri in a med ical clinic in Gardez, Afg hanistan, in the spring of2002. Green Berets five minutes away w ere ordered to stand dow n so SEAL Team Six, another of thehunter-killer teams, could storm the clinic and capture or kill Zaw ahiri, according to the sources. But toomuch time elapsed during preparations, and Zawahiri escaped. The Special Operations Commanddeclined to comment on the reports.

http://w w w.w ashingtonpost.com /ac2/w p-d yn/A 546 55 -2 00 4Jan4?langu age= printe r 1/5/2004


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washingtonpost.com: Afghan Delegates A pprove Charter Page 1 o f 3

washingtonpost.comAfghan Delegates Approve CharterFollowing B itter Debate, Assembly Clears Path To D emocratic ElectionsBy Pamela ConstableWashington Post Foreign ServiceMonday, January 5,2004; Page A 01After three weeks of raw emotional debate an d intense private n egotiations,mem bers of a constitutional a ssembly in Afgh anistan agreed yesterday on anew charter for the volatile postwar nation, clearing the way for its firstdemocratic elections in 25 years.The 502 delegates accepted a political system w ith a strong president and aweaker parliament, similar to the version sought by President Ham id Karzaian d backed by the Bush administration, despite vehement objections fromethnic minority leaders and Islamic funda men talists at the historic m eeting."There is no winner or loser. . . . This is the success of the whole Afghannation," Karzai told m embers of the assembly, or loyajirga, shortly after theystood en masse to endorse the new constitution in a huge white tent on auniversity campus in Kabul, the capital.President Bush praised the outcome in a statement from Washington, sayingthe new constitution "lays the foundation for democratic institutions" inAfghanistan and will thus "help ensure that terror finds no further refuge inthat proud land."The a doption of the charter comes two years after U.S. and Afghan forcesrouted the extremist Islamic Taliban movement. It clears a major hurdle in thepolitical transition that was m and ated by the Un ited Nations in late 2001. Thegovernmen t now hopes to hold presidential elections this summer, and Karzaiis widely viewed as the favorite.

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IN G INDIRECTBu t the loya jirga, composed of delegates from across the ethnic and political spectrum, came close tocollapsing several times after it opened Dec. 14. Repeated b itter confrontations am ong delegates laidopen deep fissures in Afghan society on such issues as religion, women's rights and regional dialects.Several contentious issues were left unresolved in order to salvage the assembly.In comments yesterday, the U.N. special envoy to Afg han istan, Lakhdar Brahimi, was critical of theobstructionist role regional Islamic militia leaders had played during the assembly, and he said therewould be little point in holding elections this summer if adequate security measures were not institutedthroughout the country.As a result of comprom ises between Islamic hard-liners a nd m oderate government reformists, the finalcharter did no t include a reference to sharia, or Islamic law, saying o nly that no Afghan law "can becontrary to the beliefs and p rovisions" of Islam. But some observers said the strength of religious lawwould depend partly on w ho controls the Supreme C ourt.

http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A54653-2004Jan4?language=printer 1/5/2004


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August 8, 1998, Saturday, Late Edition - FinalCorrection Appended

SECTION: Section A; Page 1; Column 5; Foreign DeskLENGTH: 1757 wordsHEADLINE: BOMBINGS IN EAST AFRICA: THE OVERVIEW;BOMBS RIP APART 2 U.S. EMBASSIES IN AFRICA; SCORES KILLED; NO FIRMMOTIVE OR SUSPECTSBYLINE: By JAMES C. McKINLEY Jr.DATELINE: NAIROBI, Kenya, Aug. 7BODY:Two powerful bombs exploded minutes apart outside the United States Embassies inKenya and Tanzania this morning, killing at least 80 people, 8 of them Americans,in what officials said were coordinated terrorist attacks.In Nairobi, an enormous explosion ripped through downtown shortly after 10:30A.M., turning the busy Haile Selassie Avenue into a scene of carnage and destructionthat left more than 1,600 people wounded and dozens still missing long after nightfell. The blast, which leveled a three-story building containing a secretarial schooland gutted the rear half of the embassy next door, dismembered more than a dozenpeople passing on foot and incinerated dozens of others in their seats in three nearbybuses.Just minutes before, a bomb apparently planted in a gasoline tanker detonated nearthe front entrance of the United States Embassy in the Tanzanian capital, Dar esSalaam, about 400 miles to the south. The blast destroyed the front of the buildingand toppled a side wall, throwing charred debris down the street, setting cars on fireand toppling trees. At least 7 people were killed and 72 wounded, none of themAmerican, officials said.In Washington, President Clinton condemned the attacks as abhorrent and inhumanacts of cowardice. He vowed to bring those responsible to justice "no matter what orhow long it takes." Transcript, page A8.The bombings underscored how vulnerable American officials and diplomats remainin an age of global terrorism, particularly in some third-world capitals where bordersare porous and security is not as tight as in the industrial world.The blasts seemed to be coordinated attacks against the United States, andappeared to be unconnected to any local grievances or political currents in the twocapitals, American officials said.At least eight Americans, one a child, and an unknown number of Kenyan employees


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August 21, 1998, Friday, Late Edition - FinalSECTION: Section A; Page 1; Column 6; Foreign DeskLENGTH: 1438 wordsHEADLINE: U.S. FURY ON 2 CONTINENTS:THE OVERVIEW;U.S. CRUISE MISSILES STRIKE SUDAN AND AFGHAN TARGETS TIED TOTERRORIST NETWORKBYLINE: By JAMES BENNETDATELINE: WASHINGTON, Aug. 20BODY:Dozens of American cruise missiles struck targets in Afghanistan and the Sudantoday in what President Clinton described as an act of self-defense against imminentterrorist plots and of retribution for the bombings of American Embassies in EastAfr ica tw o weeks ago.The strikes were launched from ships in the Arabian and Red Seas at dusk. It wasnot immediately clear whether the raids were a military success. Pentagon officialssaid that no Americans died but that they had no immediate estimate of othercasualt ies o r damage.With about 75 missiles timed to explode simultaneously in unsuspecting countrieson two continents, the operation was the most formidable American military assaultever against a private sponsor of terrorism.The targets were identified by Pentagon officials as an extensive terrorism trainingcomplex in Afghanistan, 94 miles south of Kabul, and a factory for the buildingblocks of chemical weapons near Khartoum, the Sudan.M r. Clinton and his national security team linked both sites to Osama bin Laden,the exiled Saudi millionaire tied by American intelligence to the twin bombings onAug. 7 in Kenya and Tanzania. The bombings killed 12 Americans and nearly 300Africans.M r. bin Laden, who is in Afghanistan, apparently survived the attack, which officialsinsisted was not aimed at him."Let our actions today send this message loud and clear," Mr. Clinton said in anaddress from the Oval Office. "There are no expendable American targets. There willbe no sanctuary for terrorists."The President made no apologies for ordering the strikes without permission fromAfghanistan or the Sudan, saying, "Countries that persistently host terrorists have noright to be safe havens."M r. Clinton's stone-faced appearance marked his emergence from two days ofshelter from a howling political storm. He returned to the White House this afternoonfrom vacation on Martha's Vineyard, where he was trying to repair family ties


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Others were more critical. Accusing Mr. Clinton of "lies and deceit and manipulationsand deceptions," Senator Dan Coats, Republican of Indiana, said that the President'srecord "raises into doubt everything he does and everything he says, and maybeeven everything he doesn't do and doesn't say."Administration officials dismissed such skepticism. Mr. Cohen said: "The onlymotivation driving this action today was our absolute obligation to protect theAmerican people from terrorist activities. That is the sole motivation. No otherconsideration has been involved."After the strikes Mr. Cohen ordered all military bases to increase their states of alert.The United States today issued a new worldwide warning to Americans anddiplomatic personnel "to exercise much greater caution than usual."In his speech Mr. Clinton warned Americans that the strike would by no means putan end to terrorism."This will be a long, ongoing struggle," he said. "America is and will remain a targetof terrorists."

Copyright 1998 The Washington PostThe Washington PostView Related Topics

August 21, 1998, Friday, Final EditionSECTION: A SECTION; Pg. A01LENGTH: 2546 wordsHEADLINE: U.S. Strikes Terrorist-Linked Sites In Afghanistan, Factory in SudanBYLINE: Barton Gellman; Dana Priest, Washington Post Staff WritersBODY:American cruise missiles struck without warning yesterday at paramilitary trainingcamps in Afghanistan and a Sudanese pharmaceutical plant that U.S. intelligenceidentified as a chemical weapons facility. President Clinton described thesynchronized blows as retaliation for the twin bombings this month of U.S.embassies in Africa and an effort to preempt further terrorist attacks."Today, we have struck back," Clinton said in a surprise announcement at theMassachusetts island resort of Martha's Vineyard, where he cut short his vacationand returned to Washington for a late afternoon conference with his national securityteam in the White House situation room.Clinton described the training complex in Khost, Afghanistan -- 94 miles southeast ofKabul and just inside the border with Pakistan -- as "one of the most active terroristbases in the world." He said it was "operated by groups affiliated with Osama binLaden," a Saudi expatriate whose public declarations and shadowy history haveplaced him at the center of suspicion since the Aug. 7 destruction of U.S. embassies


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Administration officials were cautious about the results of the attack and declined todiscuss whether all missiles reached their targets.Preliminary reports are "that it was a successful attack," said a senior Pentagonofficial. "It's still nighttime over there. We will just have to wait and see."At the Pentagon news conference and in later interviews, Pentagon officials madeclear that their anti-terrorist mission is murkier and more uncertain than a traditionalwar. As a result, they offered no impressive video footage of the bombing or any ofthe operational details that commonly follow successful military operations."The issue is, we don't know what we don't know," said one military official withknowledge of the attack. "We need every edge we can get, so in 24 hours if you areall still confused, the guy sitting in the rubble in Afghanistan will also be confused.This is different than fighting Iraq."A Pakistan-based Afghan news service, Afghan Islamic Press, reported that at least15 people were killed by the missile strike in Afghanistan, Reuters said last night.U.S. forces in the region braced for retaliation. There are about 20,000 U.S. militarypersonnel in the Persian Gulf area, and U.S. officials said all military installationshave taken fresh measures to secure themselves from attack.In the District yesterday, Executive Assistant Chief of Police Terrance W. Gainer saidthe police department had "increased security around our own buildings" and wasproviding additional support to "embassy and office areas where foreign nationalsmight be.""Clearly we are on a heightened state of alert," he said. "We have no specificintelligence that indicates there is any increased actual threat, but we are sensitiveto the possibility. These are pretty tense times around the world, and Washington isa potential target."


August 22, 1998, Saturday, Late Edition - FinalSECTION: Section A; Page 1; Column 3; Foreign DeskLENGTH: 1463 wordsHEADLINE: AFTER THE ATTACKS: THE PRESIDENT;Clinton, Dogged by Scandal, Juggled Politics and BombingBYLINE: By JAMES BENNETDATELINE: WASHINGTON, Aug. 21BODY:


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August 22, 1998, Saturday, Final EditionSECTION: A SECTION; Pg. A01LENGTH: 1878 wordsHEADLINE: Reports of U.S. Strikes' Destruction Vary; Afghanistan Damage'Moderate to Heavy1; Sudan Plant LeveledBYLINE: Eugene Robinson; Dana Priest, Washington Post Staff WritersBODY:Th e barrage of 79 cruise missiles fired by U.S. forces at suspected terrorist-linkedinstallations effectively destroyed a factory in Sudan and inflicted "moderate toheavy" damage on paramilitary camps in Afghanistan, Clinton administration officialssaid yesterday in the first assessment of the damage caused by Thursday's surpriseattack.Reports from Afghanistan indicated that at least 21 people were killed and more than50 wounded in the strike on a group of training camps around Khost, near thePakistan border. Pakistani journalists who visited two of the targeted camps saidthey saw widespread damage and at least 20 craters from cruise missile impacts.One camp, completely destroyed, "gave the look of a big dump," a witness wasquoted as saying.President Clinton, who had interrupted his vacation to meet in Washington with hisnational security team and address the nation about the air strikes, returned toMartha's Vineyard yesterday without further public comment. Top administrationofficials, meanwhile, spent the day explaining to Congress and the public the reasonsfor the attack and the nature of a new kind of conflict that Secretary of StateMadeleine K. Albright called "the unfortunate war of the future.""I think it's very important for the American people to understand that we areinvolved here in a long-term struggle," Albright said on Capitol Hill after a briefingwith key members of Congress. Terrorism, she said, "is not any form of politicalexpression; it is not a sense of religious freedom. It is murder, plain and simple."Defense Secretary William S. Cohen indicated that Thursday's strikes aimed atfacilities linked to Osama bin Laden, a Saudi-born millionaire whom officials nowcall the major terrorist threat to U.S. interests might not be the last. "We havecontingency plans that we are developing, and there may be more in the future," hesaid.International reaction to the unilateral U.S. military action was generally positive,although Russian President Boris Yeltsin was sharply critical. Afghanistan's leadersdeplored the action, as did Sudan's. In Khartoum, the Sudanese capital, an angrymob stormed the vacant U.S. Embassy and ripped down the American flag.Cloud cover prevented U.S. intelligence monitors from obtaining a more completepicture of the damage in Afghanistan, said national security adviser Samuel R."Sandy" Berger.


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FBI Director Louis J. Freeh yesterday cut short his trip to Africa, canceling plans tolay a wreath on the site of the devastated U.S. Embassy in Nairobi in order to returnto Washington.The agency also dispatched a SWAT team to Africa to help protectthe 250-plus FBIemployees stationed there.The FBI also issued a nationwide security alert to local law enforcement agencies, aroutine measure in the wake of military action abroad. Although U.S. officials havereported a surge in threats against American installations around the world in thelast week, FBI officials said they were unaware of any specific threats againstdomestic targets.Pentagon security was increased to Threatcon Alpha, meaning officials perceived ageneral threat of attack but no specific indications of one. Black-suited, machine-gun-carrying special police, fondly called "Ninjas" by military personnel who work atthe building, were visible on the roof and at all entrances of the building.

Copyright 1998 The Washington PostThe Washington PostView Related Topics

August 22, 1998, Saturday, Final EditionSECTION: A SECTION; Pg. A01LENGTH: 1154 wordsHEADLINE: A War in W hich Success Is ElusiveBYLINE: Barton Gellman, Washington Post Staff WriterBODY:If Thursday's missile strikes were aimed at the vital underpinnings of Osama binLaden's paramilitary power, as one Clinton administration explanation maintains,they demonstrated the paucity of such targets available to those who aim America'sconventional weapons of war.Strictly in terms of materiel exchange, the United States expended $ 79 million insatellite-guided cruise missiles to destroy thousands of dollars worth of obstaclecourses, field barracks and tents. But even as what strategists call "centers ofgravity," the main sources of an enemy's strength, neither the Sudanese factory northe Afghani training camp pounded by the missiles has that kind of vital importanceto bin Laden, according to senior military officers interviewed yesterday.The measures of success for the missile strikes ~ like many of the engagements inwhat Secretary of State Madeleine K. Albright yesterday called "unfortunately thewar of the future" may continue to seem as diffuse and elusive as theconfederation of extremist groups led by bin Laden.

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T3 B4 Hurley Reading Material 4 of 4 Fdr- 1st Pgs of All Reading Material in Folder (for Reference- Fair Use) 998