T20 WORLDCUP

7/28/2019 T20 WORLDCUP

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T20 WORLDCUP

India

Mahendra Singh Dhoni

Australia

George Bailey (captain)

Bangladesh

Mushfiqur Rahim (captain and wicketkeeper)


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England

Stuart Broad (captain)

New Zealand

Ross Taylor (captain)

Pakistan

Mohammad Hafeez (captain


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South Africa

AB de Villiers (wk and capt)

Sri Lanka

Mahela Jayawardene (captain),

West Indies

Darren Sammy (captain)


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Zimbabwe

Brendan Taylor (captain)

Ireland

William Porterfield (captain)

Afghanistan

Dawlat Zadran, Nawroz Mangal (captain)


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5 REVOLUTTIONARIES

Khudiram Bose(Bengali: Khudiram Boshu) (3 December 1889 11 August 1908) wasaBengalirevolutionary, one of the youngest revolutionaries early in theIndian independence movement.

At the time of his hanging, he was 18 years, 7 months 11 days old.

Early life[edit]

Khud i ram B osewas born in aBengali Hindufamily on 3 December 1889 in the village Habibpur near the

town of Midnapur in theMidnaporedistrict ofWest Bengal.

Revolutionary activities[edit]

In 1902 and 1903, whenSri Aurobindo(who was in the earlier stage of his life a revolutionary leader and

ideologue) andSister Niveditarespectively visited Medinipur and held a series of public lectures along

with secret planning sessions with the revolutionary groups; Khudiram was among the teenage student

community of the town which was fired up with a burning inspiration of revolution. It was from then that

Khudiram took his first steps towards choosing the path that would make him a boy-martyr. Khudiram as

a student, dared to request a teacher,Hemchandra Kanungofor a revolver.

At the young age of sixteen, Bose planted bombs near police stations and targeted government officials.

He was arrested three years later on charges of conducting a series of bomb attacks. The specific

bombing for which he was sentenced to death resulted in the deaths of 3 persons.

The Muzaffarpur killing[edit]

Khudiram was sent to the region called Motijhil inMuzaffarpur,Bihar. On reaching the town, he took up

residence in the 'dharmashala' of Kishorimohan Bandopadhyay. He took on "code names"Khudiram

adopted the name "Haren Sarkar", He gave himself a few days time to closely observe the daily routine,

activities and movements of his target, Kingsfordtaking note of his timings at the court, the club and his

house.

On the evening of 30 April 1908, he waited in front of the gate of the European Club for the carriage of

Kingsford to come. The time was around 8.30 pm. When the carriage came out, he responded quickly,

holding his pistols in one hand as back-up and throwing his bombs. The hit was a success and the
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carriage blew up and started burning. But back at the spot, his quick departure did not allow him to hear

the cries of women's voices in the burning carriage, instead of Kingsford's. The carriage was occupied not

by Kingsford but instead the wife and daughter of barrister Pringle Kennedy, a leading pleader of

Muzaffarpur Bar.

2.

Rashbehari Bose ( pronunciation(helpinfo);Bengali:Rashbihari Boshu; 25 May 1886 21January 1945) was a revolutionary leader against theBritish RajinIndiaand was one of the key

organisers of theGhadar conspiracyand later, theIndian National Army.

Bose was born in Subaldaha village, Burdwan, in the province ofBengal. He was educated in

Chandannagar, where his father, Vinodebehari Bose, was stationed. He later earned degrees in the

medical sciences as well as in Engineering from France and Germany.

Contents

[hide]

1 Revolutionary activities

2 Indian National Army

3 See also

4 External links

5 References

Revolutionary activities[edit]Main articles:Delhi-Lahore ConspiracyandGhadar Conspiracy

Though interested in revolutionary activities from early on in his life, he left Bengal to shun theAlipore

bomb casetrailsof (1908). AtDehradunhe worked as a head clerk at the Forest Research Institute.

There, throughAmarendra Chatterjeeof theJugantarled byJatin Mukherjee(Bagha Jatin), he secretly got

involved with the revolutionaries ofBengaland, thanks toJatindra Nath BanerjeealiasNiralamba Swami,
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r_Bose.ogghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rasbihar_Bose.ogg


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the earliest political disciple ofSri Aurobindo, he came across eminent revolutionary members of theArya

Samajin the United Provinces (currentlyUttar Pradesh) and thePunjab.[1]

Following the attemptto assassinate Lord Hardinge, Rash Behari was forced to go into hiding. The

attempt was made on 12 December 1911 after Lord Hardinge was returning form the Delhi Darbar of King

George V. HE was attacked by VAsant Kumar Vishwas a deciple of Amrendar Chattarjee, but he missed

the target and failed. Ras bihari Bose was hunted by the colonial police due to his active participation in

the failed assassination attempt (actually Bose's aim was to prove to the world that Indians do not accept

the subjection of his country to foreign rule by consent, but by force of military power, which was

successful. Otherwise he had no personal enmity with Lord Hardinge) directed at theGovernor

GeneralandViceroyLordCharles HardingeinDelhi. He returned to Dehra Dun by the night train and

joined the office the next day as though nothing had happened. Further, he organised a meeting of loyal

citizens of Dehradun to condemn the dastardly attack on the Viceroy.

Lord Hardinge, in his My Indian Years, described the whole incident in an interesting way. During the

flood relief work in Bengal in 1913, he came in contact with Jatin Mukherjeein whom he "discovered a

real leader of men," who "added a new impulse" to Rash Behari's failing zeal .[2]

Thus duringWorld War

Ihe became extensively involved as one of the leading figures of the Ghadar Conspiracythat attempted

to trigger a mutiny in India in February 1915. Trusted and tried Ghadrites were sent to several

cantonments to infiltrate into the army. The idea of theJugantarleaders was that with the war raging in

Europe most of the soldiers had gone out of India and the rest could be easily won over. The revolution

failed and most of the revolutionaries were arrested. But Rash Behari managed to escape British

intelligence and reachedJapanin 1915.

3.

Bhagat Singh (IPA: ( listen); 28 September 1907 23 March 1931) was an Indian socialist

considered to be one of the most influential revolutionaries of theIndian independence movement. He is

often referred to asShaheedBhagat Singh, the word "Shaheed" meaning "martyr" in a number of Indianlanguages. Born into aSikhfamily which had earlier been involved in revolutionary activities against

theBritish Raj, as a teenager Bhagat Singh studied European revolutionary movements and was

attracted toanarchistandMarxistideologies. He became involved in numerous revolutionary

organisations, and quickly rose through the ranks of the Hindustan Republican Association(HRA) to

become one of its main leaders, eventually changing its name to the Hindustan Socialist Republican

Association(HSRA) in 1928.
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royhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_Generalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_Generalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi-Lahore_Conspiracyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rash_Behari_Bose#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_regionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arya_Samajhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arya_Samajhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Aurobindohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hi-BhagatSingh.ogg


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Seeking revenge for the death ofLala Lajpat Raiat the hands of the police, Bhagat Singh was involved in

the murder of British police officer John Saunders. He eluded efforts by the police to capture him.

Together withBatukeshwar Dutt, he undertook a successful effort to throw two bombs and leaflets inside

theCentral Legislative Assemblywhile shouting slogans ofInquilab Zindabad. Subsequently they

volunteered to surrender and be arrested. Held on this charge, he gained widespread national support

when he underwent a 116 day fast in jail, demanding equal rights for British and Indian political prisoners.During this time, sufficient evidence was brought against him for a conviction in the Saunders case, after

trial by a Special Tribunal and appeal at thePrivy Councilin England. He was convicted and

subsequently hanged for his participation in the murder, aged 23. His legacy prompted youth in India to

begin fighting for Indian independence and he continues to be a youth idol in modern India, as well as the

inspiration for several films. He is commemorated with a large bronze statue in theParliament of India, as

well as a range of other memorials.

Early life[edit]

This picture is of the ancestral home at Khatkar Kalan which preserved as museum due to its historical importance of

establishing the principle on which the four generations contributed to freedom struggle. (Shaheed Bhagat Singh

Nagar,Punjab).

Bhagat Singh, aSandhuJat,[1]

was born on 28 September 1907 to Kishan Singh and Vidyavati at Chak

No. 105, GB, Banga village, Jaranwala Tehsil in theLyallpur districtof thePunjab ProvinceofBritish India.

His birth coincided with the release from jail of his father and two uncles, Ajit Singh and Swaran

Singh.[2]

His family were Sikhs, some of whom had been active in Indian independence movements, and

others having served inMaharaja Ranjit Singh's army. His ancestral village wasKhatkar Kalan, near the

town ofBangainNawanshahrdistrict (now renamedShaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar) ofPunjab.[1]

His grandfather, Arjun Singh, was a follower ofSwami Dayananda Saraswati's Hindu reformist

movement,Arya Samaj,[3]

which had a considerable influence on the young Bhagat.[1]

His father and

uncles were members of theGhadar Party, led byKartar Singh SarabhaandHar Dayal. Ajit Singh was

forced to flee toPersiadue to pending court cases against him, while Swaran Singh died at home in 1910

following his release from Borstal Jail in Lahore.[4]
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arabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghadar_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagat_Singh#cite_note-Gaur2008-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagat_Singh#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arya_Samajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Dayananda_Saraswatihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagat_Singh#cite_note-Gaur2008-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_regionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahid_Bhagat_Singh_Nagar_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawanshahrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banga,_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatkar_Kalanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_(Punjab)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagat_Singh#cite_note-SinghHooja2007p12-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_Province_(British_India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faisalabad_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagat_Singh#cite_note-Gaur2008-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandhuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_regionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahid_Bhagat_Singh_Nagar_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahid_Bhagat_Singh_Nagar_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhagat_Singh&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Hindu_Law#Privy_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inquilab_Zindabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Legislative_Assemblyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batukeshwar_Dutthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Rai


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4.

Sukhdev Thaparwas anIndianActivistandRevolutionarywho lived from 15 May 1907 to March 23,

1931.

Early life[edit]

Sukhdev was born inLudhiana,Punjab.

Revolutionary Activities[edit]

Sukhdev was a famous Indian revolutionary who played a major role in the India's struggle for

Independence. Sukhdev Thapar was a member of theHindustan Socialist Republican

Association(HSRA), and organized revolutionary cells inPunjaband other areas of North India. A

devoted leader, he even went on to educate the youth at the National College in Lahore. He along with

other renowned revolutionaries started the 'Naujawan Bharat Sabha' at Lahore that was an organization

involved in various activities, mainly gearing the youth for the struggle for independence and putting an

end to communalism.

Sukhdev himself took active part in several revolutionary activities like the 'Prison hunger strike' in 1929;

however, he would always be remembered in the chronicles of the Indian Freedom Movement for his

attacks in theLahore Conspiracy Case(18 December 1928). Sukhdev was the accomplice ofBhagatSingh, andShivaram Rajguruwho were involved in the assassination of Deputy Superintendent of Police,

J.P. Saunders in 1928 in response to the death of veteran leader, Lala Lajpat Raiowing to excessive

police beating in the Conspiracy case. After the Central Assembly Hall bombings in New Delhi (8 April

1929), Sukhdev and his accomplices were arrested and convicted of their crime, facing the death

sentence as verdict.

Special Tribunal[edit]

To speed up the slow trial, the Viceroy, Lord Irwin, declared an emergency on 1 May 1930, and

promulgated an ordinance setting up a special tribunal composed of three high court judges for this case.

The ordinance cut short the normal process of justice as the only appeal after the tribunal was at thePrivy

Councillocated in England The Tribunal was authorised to function without the presence of any of theaccused in court, and to accept death of the persons giving evidence as a concession to the defence.

Consequent to Lahore Conspiracy Case Ordinance No.3 of 1930, the trial was transferred from Rai Sahib

Pandit Sri Kishan's court to the tribunal composed of Justice J. Coldstream (president), Justice G. C.

Hilton and Justice Agha Hyder (members).[1]

The case commenced on 5 May 1930 in Poonch House, Lahore against 18 accused.[2]

On 20 June 1930,

the constitution of the Special Tribunal was changed to Justice G.C. Hilton (president), Justice J.K. Tapp
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and Justice Sir Abdul Qadir.[2]

On 2 July 1930, ahabeas corpuspetition was filed in the High Court

challenging the ordinance and said that it was ultra vires and therefore illegal, stating that the Viceroy had

no powers to shorten the customary process of determining justice.The petition argued that theAct,

allowed the Viceroy to introduce an ordinance and set up such a tribunal only under conditions of break

down of law-and-order, whereas there had been no such breakdown. However, the petition was

dismissed as 'premature'.[3]

Carden-Noad presented the government's grievous charges of conductingdacoities, bank-robbery, and illegal acquisition of arms and ammunition amongst others. The evidence of

G.T.H. Hamilton Harding, the Lahore superintendent of police, shocked the court, when he stated that he

had filed the First Information Report against the accused under specific orders from the chief secretary

(D.J. Boyd[4]

) to the governor of Punjab (Sir Geoffrey Montmorency[4]

) and that he was unaware of the

details of the case. The prosecution mainly depended upon the evidence of P.N. Ghosh, Hans Raj Vohra

and Jai Gopal who had been Singh's associates in the HRSA. On 10 July 1930, the tribunal decided to

press charges against only 15 of the 18 accused, and allowed their petitions to be taken up for hearing

the next day. The tribunal conducted the trial from 5 May 1930 to 10 September 1930. The three accused

against whom the case was withdrawn included Dutt, who had already been awarded a life sentence in

the Assembly bomb case.[5]

The ordinance (and the tribunal) would lapse on 31 October 1930 as it had not been passed in the

Central Assembly or the British Parliament. On 7 October 1930, the tribunal delivered its 300-page

judgement based on all the evidence and concluded that participation of

Singh,SukhdevandRajguruwas proved beyond reasonable doubt in Saunders' murder, and sentenced

them to death by hanging.[6]

The remaining 12 accused were all sentenced to rigorous life imprisonment.

The warrants for the three had a black border.

5.

Ram Manohar Lohia pronunciation(helpinfo),(23 March 1910 12 October 1967) was an activist for

theIndian independence movementand a Nationalist political leader

Early life[edit]

Lohia was born in a villageAkbarpurinAmbedkar Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh, in India to Hira Lal, a

nationalist and Chanda,a teacher. He was born to kurmi family. His mother died when he was very young.

Ram was introduced to theIndian Independence Movementat an early age by his father through the
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various protest assemblies Hira Lal took his son to. Ram made his first contribution to the freedom

struggle by organizing a smallhartalon the death ofLokmanya Tilak.

Hari Lal, an ardent follower ofMahatma Gandhi, took his son along on a meeting with the Mahatma. This

meeting deeply influenced Lohia and sustained him during trying circumstances and helped seed his

thoughts, actions and love forswaraj. Ram was so impressed by Gandhiji's spiritual power and radiant

self-control that he pledged to follow the Mahatma's footsteps. He proved his allegiance to Gandhi, and

more importantly to the movement as a whole, by joining a satyagraha march at the age of ten.

Lohia metJawaharlal Nehruin 1921. Over the years they developed a close friendship. Lohia, however,

never hesitated to censure Nehru on his political beliefs and openly expressed disagreement with Nehru

on many key issues. Lohia organized a student protest in 1928 to protest the all-whiteSimon

Commissionwhich was to consider the possibility of granting India dominion status without requiring

consultation of the Indian people.

Lohia attended theBanaras Hindu Universityto complete his intermediate course work after standing first

in his school's matriculation examinations in 1927. He then joined theVidyasagar College, under

theUniversity of Calcuttaand in 1929, earned his B.A. degree.

[2]

He decided to attendBerlin University,Germany over all prestigious educational institutes in Britain to convey his dim view of British philosophy.

He soon learned German and received financial assistance based on his outstanding academic

performance.

Freedom Fighter[edit]

While in Europe, Lohia attended theLeague of Nationsassembly inGeneva. India was represented by

theMaharaja of Bikaner, an ally of the British Raj. Lohia took exception to this and launched a protest

then and there from the visitors gallery. He fired several letters to editors of newspapers and magazines

to clarify the reasons for his protest. The whole incident made Lohia a recognized figure in India

overnight. Lohia helped organize theAssociation of European Indiansand became secretary of the club.

The main focus of the organization was to preserve and expand Indian nationalism outside of India

Lohia wrote his PhD thesis paper on the topic ofSalt Satyagraha, focusing on Gandhiji's socio-economic

theory.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokmanya_Tilakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokmanya_Tilakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokmanya_Tilakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banaras_Hindu_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banaras_Hindu_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banaras_Hindu_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidyasagar_Collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidyasagar_Collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidyasagar_Collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Calcuttahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Calcuttahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Calcuttahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Manohar_Lohia#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Manohar_Lohia#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ram_Manohar_Lohia&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ram_Manohar_Lohia&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ram_Manohar_Lohia&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genevahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genevahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genevahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maharaja_of_Bikaner&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maharaja_of_Bikaner&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maharaja_of_Bikaner&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Association_of_European_Indians&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Association_of_European_Indians&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Association_of_European_Indians&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_Satyagrahahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_Satyagrahahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_Satyagrahahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_Satyagrahahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Association_of_European_Indians&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maharaja_of_Bikaner&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genevahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ram_Manohar_Lohia&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Manohar_Lohia#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Calcuttahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidyasagar_Collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banaras_Hindu_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokmanya_Tilakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartal

Documents

T20 WORLDCUP