YZ.ö'Zñ£tZ§ZÈkDïzãteZËPZ°Ý *

eZËÝxZ{y ** It is an interesting reality that the four Geneva conventions werecreated during the very same period when the world was experiencedthe destruction caused by World War II and Heroshima and Nagasakiwere destroyed by atomic bombing. The destruction and horrors ofWorld War II paved way for human friendly effort like GenevaConventions. These conventions were in fact held to ensure bettertreatment of the prisoners of war through legislation. The purpose ofthese conventions was to provide help to the war stricken people andto minimize their problems and troubles. These conventions areelaborate and comprehensive. They provide practical solutions to theproblems faced during the wars of the past. So in this context theyare very important. They are also important because they constitutetwo third of the whole laws of war1. These are four in number andthese were created in 1949. The third Convention which deals with thetreatment of prisoners of war has been introduced, critically analysedand examined in this article. This article throw light on the jointefforts of the world nations about POW rights.

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The power whose duty is to safeguard the interests of the

parties to the conflict, and of their nationals in enemy territory.13

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The basic daily food rations shall be sufficient in quantity,

quality and variety to keep prisoners of war in good health and

to prevent loss of weight or the development of nutritional

deficiencies.19

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themselves to the medical authorities for examination.31

qgz!ÑQ~étZ0ZiZ(gHäìZkÐ|xZ~É@ìû{à{]{-VÃ?ç¤Ð:Â7À)éSgzu$ËìZzg:Ñn.·äÐZ(ô$ËìX´z{Zi,Z¤Ãð

YZke~Mgç 1949 {~äzgZy»giÂÉY@ìc»xÆË~FgÉY@ìÂ.ö~zZãô@ìû{à{]»ÅÛnìûz{iÂcFg{~ã[CÙ§bÅäN 68 Zzg 54

¸wÅúªÅÛZëô}X

Z!ÄZÇg]ZzgÅÛZgY|uZ§Zykóó{-VÆÅÛZgÐ0ãä~ä*zmì 1949 LLYZ.ö

(348) YZ.ö'Zñ£tZ§ZÈkDïzãt 102Y 3 qçá ... ]ÖÏ×Ü

T~»x[ÅÛZgÅîuzäÅÛZgÅÃÒôäzZá*»x{~ÅwZZzgZkäzgZy)áâã91 Zzgäiè 42 w1VZzgw»]6wZŬ]åVÒyÅàêXqgz!Ѭ]Ãäiè

~ÒyHäìX.öBZä{-VÆhÅÛZgÃtHìXÍûZkhÃ!êZs 94@Òy7Hä1ñWîg6Zêág{¢zgñéäìTÐZ0Zi{É@ìûZq{~áâãîg6ZKZÇg]ÐÅÛZgZ(gôä»éZigÇìXZkéZiÅzé;]~ÐrZßmÆ_!]»ZÖgZzgMiZä~ÅG\êX®Zâò´ÆT~ÃeipäZK©Z¯Z`ÆZg»yÃ@Zc]Yg~

ôDêûz{Z¤LäÔÆ;ðV{~¯fYNÂz{òVpäZLfÅÛZgÅÃÒô,Ðzêäzu}ëzí{-VÆÅÛZgÅÃ@V~Qy»ÇBÌä,ÐXåVVwÆîg6

ÃYg~GYäzZáZ%OÃeMs,ñÐZ½k7HYg;ìÔT 1955 Z~ 17

~ZqZ%O¯Y³xfô@ìû:If I am captured I will continue to resist by all means

available. I will make every effort to escape and aid others to

accept. I will accept neither parole nor special favours from the

enemy. 32

Ë{~ÆÅÛZgÅÃÒÃäzZUÉVÐä¬Y@ìX{à{]ZÐÄzÇÅÜszgi~äìZzgZÏìwůY6z{Z,{~ÅwZÅpZéqÉCìZûÃÒpä{~ÆzíZ-ÅÃ~á.ÞwZx7É@Éá.Þ*öZäZxìX¸zzìû.öBZäZkÃÒÅwZ¡@äRÑ?mÅìZzgZk¿Ã°Zr»gzZðÐÞZåÛZgäcìXÍû.ö

Åôñéä (Disciplinary punishment) BZ~ÅÛZgÉäzZá{-VÆ0wZÉVÔZzg 33 êXZkÆ!zéätÅÛZgÉäzZá{-VÆÜsZÌÆZEwÅj,(Ëô@ì

ZÐÜsZïð¢zg]ÆzâÜZïðZäZxÆîg6ägÑ&ìXZïðZäZxи¥xÉ@ìûÃ]Å%ЬÓxMõÃZC*e34/õ XGJXaèÑ

ÜsÅÛZgÅÃÒÃgUgz)ìé{~ÃiÂôäÅOñ!¹ävMõÆZEwÐeìXZkÑÆnM²í»ZEwZzge&}z){»ZEwÌñeôYìX;VZ¤Zk§bÅqzV»ZEwñe:ô}cQpäõFHÅZKYyÃç{ÑhÉÂZïðZäZx

(349) YZ.ö'Zñ£tZ§ZÈkDïzãt 102Y 3 qçá ... ]ÖÏ×Ü

X34 Æîg6ZÌÆZEwÅRöñéäìäzgZykäÔÆ;ðV¤ëg~¬gèÉCìx7ÉCÅ<å XEZZk»Z!xYZ.öYÆèD¯cäìX.öBZÆ_¬Ð¥xÉ@ìûZÇg]1zkòV 1949

czw6g;ðÆË~¬gèîg6ØÉCìz;VxãäzV60õßgÂV~Z!x5kÉCìXZy~ÐegäzgZy4Zqzq5kÉCêZû0v,»m4ZqÆZ!x

ÐìXÎfs~!nKäg`HYg;ì:)1('Z{gZÑzízZ3)2()YóZggc2V~ªx)3(»x[ÅÛZg

g;ðczízZ3)àZiZ!x4Zq( )4(ñ])5(aèZ§ZykÅ{»ÑZ7¡m»gzZÇV~'×hzhÐgz)É@ìX

Zkné{~ZKFg~ÅzzÐZKZ¯Z`~ËqÐmzgÉVZzgZyÆmzggÅ»¸¢ÉÂZ+ßg]~'Z{gZÑZyÅzízZ3Ã.öBZäD¯cìX

òV{à{]6tf)äZg~¬ZÅàìûz{îhFgZzgiÂ{-VÅzízZ3ÃD¯ñzê¡â¼xÆîg6zíZ-6ÑixìûZk§bÆ{-VÅäz!g{dwT~uzk

YÌäzgZy4Zq'Z{gZÑzízZ3c 1949 Yŧb.ö 1929 ~½C:HYñX.öX35 )YóZggc2V~ªxÆjZáÐpä{~Ågüq~Ããä~ÑoåÛZgäêì

äzgZy{ñ]Åßg]~?fgZùÐñ]Ť&ÅYñÏZzgñ]Åzz¥xôäÆàg7g%AÅYñÏX{~Åñ]»u"3©5½3ï HGEGGH»gHYñÇT~Ù!ÃZÆ´z{ñ]ÐÃZ»Z0gZ`ÉÇÎåV!nKäg`HYg;ìX

ñgzO*xÔfZC*xÔÇ{Ô@gõaZöÔè)MgòÔg¼ÔfZC§s»( Ù|Ð:zÃ]Å(Ô@gõzÃ]ÔzzzÃ]ÔD@Å(Ô@gõD@ÔGÅÙ|Тzg~ÃZ

ñ]Ð:

zÃ]cCZ§ZÈkÃZµZµGzV~³]zZÅZxÆÇBä®HYñÇZzgCÙG /oÉîg6¶yiä{ÉÏXèÃÜsZÏßg]~°cYñÇZZk»è<ØZkÅZYi]äêÉÇcQZkÅz¤~Z(ôäÅpZéñéäÉX

(350) YZ.ö'Zñ£tZ§ZÈkDïzãt 102Y 3 qçá ... ]ÖÏ×Ü

òVJg;ðZzgZkÆàzízZ3»mìÂZ!x4ZqÆÇBÑtÑixÉY@ì /ûZ§ZykÃg;ôÆQyÃzíJàäcYñXYèZ!x4ZqÆÇBÑägZÝ

X36 ÑZÇg]»ÉY@ìZzgZk»éZiZCzéäÅäêì@g]ÒpÐZ§ZÈkÅg;ðÆjZáÐÉЬzéä~MäzZàTÔ»

ìXZk~ÒyHäûZðƪx 20 YÆJgcÉ4n.ç GIEE»Mgç 1907 fôHYYìz{28 ÆàA¢eÉ{-VÅzízZ3ÃD¯cYñXqgz!Ѭxá°}Åo9Ð

YÃð0äzZáç@{zgûäÒyHû: 1919 éyThe repatriation of prisoners of war and interned civilians shall

take place as soon as possible after the coming into force of the

present Treaty and shall be carried out with the greatest

rapidly.37

mgZiY+Æn)t0|ìûÃð̤âÜcgcÑyZykÐ#³¯`ÆZÅÛZäÃ{ôh

XZkZ±gÐ(}Ç}ÆZfZyZ¤{~ 38 ÆàQkÐgZiZâZäÅpZéqÉCì0YNÂz{icä{ÆU"ÉMêYèz{¤ëg~Ь¥â]»u*ÉDêXpZk¬xßg]Æ´z{LL©àÇ}ÆäÔ¯YÌ{à{]Æn'Z'ÆÉM

êûQyÆ0kÌL¹Zë¥â]ñéäÉCêX{-VÅZkZÌÆ&4øFGILÃQyÐÎZÑ]Æfg)äÔÅZë¥â]J){à{]Åäp»!É@ìXZkÑÆ

nòVâCÙ+Å}â]qÝÅYCêz;VüäZzgZfeÐÌ»x1Y@ìXòVYZ.ö!¹jZßVÐZ§ZykÃDÅÛZëô@ìzêZke~Ì0ñäZgZzgk

ºmô@ìXZÏMgçÆ 17 ZäZâ]ôDÉñ)Æ%µÆnZqMgçèZ0gÓxï]ÒyôäØâêX

tÔ{-VÐÎZÑ]ÆjZáÐã~ZÌÅqïìXZkÔÆ_.ÃðÌ{~Üseg§bÆéZ!]ÅÛZëô䪥â]ÅÛZëôä»0ÈìXZkÆ´z{z{Ëäzu~ZÎgÂÅÅÛZb»Ëîg6Ì.öBZÅgzÐ0È76ûegTäZkjZáÐ

(351) YZ.ö'Zñ£tZ§ZÈkDïzãt 102Y 3 qçá ... ]ÖÏ×Ü

qgzfs¬ZÖp»ZN[ôDÉññì:Upon capture a prisoner is required to state only his surname,

first names and rank, date of birth, and his army or other serial

number. That is all.39

ÎZÑZòáâyòV{~úm¥â]ÅÅÛZb»0ȯ@ìzê{à{]ÃCÙ§bÆüäZzg]ÆZEwÐgzuäêìX{à{]Æn¯YÃÐÆ¥â]ÅÅÛZbÂäzgÅ!]ìZ¤{~qgz!Ñãä~ÔóZzgÑiò¥â]ÅÅÛZbÐÌZïgô}ÂQÐZk6Ì6g7HYYZzgËnÆÉzüä»ÎZwÑaZ7É@XäzgZy

){~ÃüäZzgZfe:àäÆ!g}~ÎZÑZòáây~égDy0cY@ìZkYÐ 1949 YZzgYZ.ö 1907 YÆÇBÇBÑ$iÃeÔJ.ö 1949 Å?Ï.ö

l!ÉCìXYÅ<VÆ».ÞЪCÙÉ@ìûà 1929 YZzgZkÆ7gz.ö 1949 .ö

~zéä~MäzZá.öä{-VÆÜsÉzZðZ{60È~»äZ]{zWôäcZzgZkÅZqZëzzkxäzxÆäzgZy$©54gö

GEGGúV~uZèxä~YäzZàu¤xVâX®ZåV»ÂÑZEw7HäÉZkÐYìZzgzWF|x»qïL{ "Coercion" Üs

ÉHäX "Physical or mental torture nor any other form of coercion"

YÆQ~'×hYö 1949 kxäzxÐ}òqÝôDÉñYZ»Ð÷ä.öaZôä~X

»ãtzZãô@ìûm{~PóZzgãä~¥â]ÅÛZëôä»Z¤p 17 Mgç0Èì1Zk0È~ÐZûZsÅßg]~òVQkÆÜsËüäZzgZfeÆZk*]Ã{g`ôäcäìz;VQkÆnZk»â:ÌñéäìXtâ:ËwZc'Åßg]~

X40. 7ìÉ¡%Z¬]ÐøzòÅßg]~ì

{-VÐ'×äzg~äzgZyk{GâZÅÛZäÆ!g}~äÔÔãzc¤ëgî{»¦gÂfÇ~¬xÑ

Z½M@ì1Åg'×äzgZy»¦gfÇ~¬xîg67Z½@Xp|tìûäzgZyk¤ëg

(352) YZ.ö'Zñ£tZ§ZÈkDïzãt 102Y 3 qçá ... ]ÖÏ×Ü

î{ZÅÛZäлxh»gDyú-V6Z*ìXTÅzé;]~ÐZqZëzztìûäzgZy{i0ÏÃ'åÛZgZzg!¹gp6éZyZY]Z0êz{{à{]ÆnZqZü°1úÉDêXÅ<å XEZZyZyZY]Åà°Å{§Z§ZykÐ'×äzg~ôZðYCìX@gõÆZzgZtZcÐt|MDgÉCìûOW+kÆZk6Ðúh»gzZ`gzòäzgÐ

ÑzqÉZXgzòѸMVäÉЬm{-VÃOôäÅOñZyÅçÙägz7ÃT*ZzgZ7Zk{§i0{gpÑ6ûe-eäñì:

The romans were the first to perceive the economic value of

captives taken in war by reducing them to slavery. 41

Íc@g]Z±gÐZ§ZykÅú'×äzg~Å&¢Ñz{øuìéZyÅi07VÅõÉìX{à{':ÜsZ7ZkÑÆni0{gBêÉZyÅZkZ¦ZäÃ

X42 'åÛZggpZzg(JäÆnQyÐZY'@ÉÌôCêÍûZ§ZykÐúh»gzZ`¹6Z*ìpZÞ,ú~ÆMy6«!g

YÅJ 1899 Z§ZykÅZÅÛZä~¸]Ã!á°{îg6EôäÅ»x[ÃÒÅàX»Ð÷Æäzu}.ö~{~Æ%¥Ô»xÅâÎÔ»xÅZ]ZzgZ]~ÐZyZY]

YÆÑ$ÃeÔ 1863 ůY6¶âZUÉV6áâyÇi~¿~MðXÍûZkЬYÆMxgeùwäÌZkñçq6¼ô%AX1 1880 YÅ'©»Ð÷Zzg 1874

YÆa¸J 1907 YÆà 1899 !á°{îg6ÎZÑZòáây»ägzqÝ:ôÃX@ë.ö~Zkñçq6äg}©àp´Vgz/¿ÑDÉñicä{FZbZYÃäCÙZäcäZzgQ

YÆä}YZ.ö~Zïð 1949 YÆYZ.ö~'×hzüsôä~àXZû 1929

ëwgz×ìwZzgYìôäZ4ÅàêXtôäÔÆå~ñéäZ§ZykÐàYäzZàúÐ0)bZzgZëÎZÑ]»iÅÛZëôCêX

HÆZ0gZzg!CÙäzâV»V6ZEwHY@g;ìX @g]îg6Z§ZykÅzÃÅ<å XEZZÞ,ú~Ð!á°{îg6zéä~MäzZáZ§ZykÐ0¸Z2ZyäzâV§b

YZïð]hÔYìZzg»x[ç@{ 1949 ÅzÐ0êXZkZ±gÐäZYZ.öìXtç@{!¹&azZVç@Z]ÅÚicä{-ìXZ§ZykÆzÐ0£tz

(353) YZ.ö'Zñ£tZ§ZÈkDïzãt 102Y 3 qçá ... ]ÖÏ×Ü

~0ðYCêXäZ III ÅÛZøZzgpäZyÆZLDÆ0ôä}YZ.öÆvYZ.öòVåîg6Z§ZykÆ£tzÅÛZøÐcô@ìz;VZk»Zq(Zz{mîg6Z§ZykÅzÐÐ0ìX

Àòîg6Òyô@ìûâÎZñòMWiÓxZ§Zykûx 49 .öBZ»Mgçôä66gHYYìXãä~îg6ZkMgçÅZíZY~{à{]ÆZkZütÃÒyHäìûz{Z§Zykлxá$Ëì@ëtZüt)æzo7ìXÜsZy{-Vûx66gHYYìéKãîg6Zk»xÆnñizVêXKãîg6ñiz+Ð%Zä:ÜstìûMcË{~ûx6ÎcYñc:ÎcYñÉZkÐtÌ%ZäìûMct{mn»»xË{~Ð1Yñc:1YñXZkñi+ÆeâV~/Ô½ZzgKã¸]z&¢á.ÞfôêX}1hñZÅÛZäÃJúÔ»ñV66g7HYYXZk§bpZ&Ã1úZVäÆ»ñV67ÎcYYXZ¤/Zzg½ÆZ±gÐÃð»xñizVÉVÂKã¸]z

&¢ÌZk»xÐ_ìÅqïÉãe34/õ XGJX¢zg~7ûZqéZV/%äCÙ§b»»x»jZ!ÌÆÉÇûZk~ÁZiÁCÙâ{é{-VÆ? 55 ôäÆá.ÞÉXåVMgç

çÍÅÔñéäìZk»mÌZyÅË»xÆnñiz+ÐêZzZôgÇìXZkjZáÐäzu~kx~Z%Mäé§i¿Z(gHXz{ÌVwìÆá.Þìû{-V

X43 ûxÆZ±gÐ&Zlx~ËHäXQZyÅnÆZ±gÐÑZ7»xÎxY@{-VÆÇzVÆZ±gлxÅâÎůY6ZqZzgZë=ôÔX.öBZÆ

»ìXtZòb*yòMWi "Supervisory work" ~ZEwî{Zòb 49 MgçÆ»xÅâÎÃözäôCìXZkZòbÅÃð=ôpä.öBZÆQ~ñéä7@ëZkQÆêágb82.ç EGEE&½3ïFHHäZkZÃiôDÉññì:

The term "supervisory work" is generally recognized as

denoting administrative tasks which usually consist of directing

the other ranks; it obviously excludes all manual labour.44

Z§ZÈkо§bÆ»xfYMê?Zk!g}~t¦gZVgz,ú~ÐñéäìûZ§ZÈkÐàYäzZàúZkÆzíZ-Æ¢äZ]Ð'Z{gZÑ

(354) YZ.ö'Zñ£tZ§ZÈkDïzãt 102Y 3 qçá ... ]ÖÏ×Ü

X45 Éäx7Éãe34/õ XGJ

~ÅÛZëô 50 YZ.öäZ§ZÈkÅ!"X»ñVÃàgHQyÅzÑMgçrZäØâêXMgçBZ (Classes) ä~àìXZkzÑ~ägZÝ»ñVÆägY]

ЪCÙÉ@ìûZyägY]ÔZlxZzg4]Æ´z{}ZzgZ§ZykÅzÃÜs7HYYXQÆZ0gtZlxcägY]bÅ®Zä~rZñâêX@ë!¹Mg<Zzg.öÆ

îVÃêáïôDÉñCkät®ZääkCðì&fs~äg`HYg;ì:1.Camp Administration, Installation or Maintenance;

2. Agriculture;

3. Production or Extraction of Raw Materials;

4. Manufacturing Industries (except Metallurgical, Machinery, and

Chemical);

5. Public Works and Building Operations, with no Military

Character or Purpose;

6. Transportation and Handling of Stores, with no Military in

Character or Purpose;

7. Commercial Business, and Arts and Crafts;

8. Domestic Services;

9.Public utility;

10. Unhealthy Dangerous or Humiliating Labour (with the

voluntary consent of the POW in accordance with Article 52)46.

6Ìc (Conditions) .öBZ{-VÐaYäzZá»ñVÆqÑ]zÑZ_ô@ìXtZyqÑ]zÑZ_Æ0ZqåüÇ»qïìXZyÀòqÑ]zÑZ_Æn

úmHäìX 51 Mgç{-VÆ»xÆZzá]Ðcô@ìpkxäzx 30 Y»Mgç 1929 YZ.ö

qgz!Ñ0âCVÃÇtgnÉñYZ.ö X47 ÆäzgZyZkÅ<VÃ'~§b0âwHä~{-VÆ»xÆZzá]ÆjZáÐåüÇÅÛZëôäcìX 53 Æ!{3¨4è EE

GEäMgçgziZ:ZzgßzZgãäzV6zs»g{-VÃMgZxZzg%ÅúªÅÅÛZbÆÇB

.öBZZqÇwÐiZZ{~gÅzZáZÅÛZäÃÇÑ:ÚMJgziÅu]ÅúªÌÅÛZëô@ìZzgZkúªÐÃZ{ZVäzZá{~u]ÆZcxÅ9Z{Ðøzx7G

(355) YZ.ö'Zñ£tZ§ZÈkDïzãt 102Y 3 qçá ... ]ÖÏ×Ü

ÃD¯@ìXtÔZK (Working pay) YNÐÉ.öBZZy{-VÃäzgZy%9Z{ðÆZ±gÐ!Ç5ìX

9Z{Zzgçz£Y]Y~ÜsZqZ+äiìé'Z{gZÑ{-VÆâàfgZùzzÇbÐ 1929 YZ.ö

ìX@ëZkÆ´z{xîg6¼äväd]~!ßZôîg6Zk 34 0ìXtäiè~24 Zzg 23, 22, 6 ñçqÐ0ôñéäêéô!ßZôîg60êz{äiè

0ðYCêXèÃg{!Ñ.öä^zs»g{-VÅ9Z{ðôäÆn§gc2VÃ!bç@Z]ôä»0ȯc1kxäzxÆäzgZyZkÔÅ0È~¿~7MmXZkäzgZy

§gc2VÆägxyÃðç@{ð7ÉZZzgíz½»g{-VÅZ]åîg6{à{YÅ 1929 XkxäzxÆàZZkÆ}òÅgzÝ~.ö 48 gcÑÆg3zôx6¶

<VÅ'×h4~ÆnÍgZÝFÅ»Ð÷ÂÉðÂZ·tHäû{-VÆâàzÇbzfgZùÐ0ôMÒ{.öÆZqv~Ѧôä~YNX®ZZqZcÉ

wZk¾nЯðàZzgZÐqgzfs&ZßßVÅgzÝ~\gêá]»gôä»@säcX49ä

1. The amounts paid out to prisoners of war by the Detaining

Power shall be limited so that a maximum sum may be available

for the next of kin of prisoners of war.

2. The amounts paid shall be determined by rank or status.

3. Credit balances shall be made easily transferable to the next of

kin of prisoners of war.

¡{-VÆâà IV ~v III Y~qgz!ÑZäZâ]Æà0g^ 1949 .öfgZùzzÇbÆnºmôäcäXZkv~Àäg{äd]êXZk§bÐt.öZL

Å«äiÅgzÐÓxZ§ZyköZqÐi 60 7gz.öÅÃ@ëVÃ7gZôäêìXMgçÅgzÐ 23 ËÇ}Å!âÉZg9Z{Æ,ZgI}XZkÐIÇó.öÆMgç

ÜsMW{~ÑZk§bÅ9Z{Æ,ZgåYD¸Xp.öBZäÓx{-VÃZyÆÇzVÆZ±gÐ0õZlx~ÑôDÉñZyÅ!âÉZg9ZÉVÅg¶³ôä~ìX

(356) YZ.ö'Zñ£tZ§ZÈkDïzãt 102Y 3 qçá ... ]ÖÏ×Ü

»mìÂ.öBZ» (Working pay) òVJ{-VÆ»xÅ9Z{ªZ]ZkÆ0ìXZzgZkMgçÅgzÐwZÑ~gpzZàgcÑÅZågú{-V 62 Mgç

Æ»xÅZ]ðô,ÏX@ëtZqaåðÎkÅÛZ7°-xÐÁ7ÉÏXtZ]7g}äyÆ»xÅÉÏX

Dc]ZzgúÒÇÈZ§ZyYä{-V»ZKZÇg]Ð0Dc]äg`ôZä»htHìXZk 1949 .ö

hÅâÎ.öBZÆ4äqZïðãä~ìTÆnz{ZqÐicä{fgZùZEwôYìXpäZ§ZykŧsÐZKZÇg]ÆäzgZy|uÐ0Deäg`ôZä»uZrÖ¡kxZzwÆäzgZyMìX!ÖpävZkkЬ{-VÆZkhÃ

Y~{-VÅúÒÏÉZy 1907 t7HäåX¸zzìûJgcÉ4n.ç GIEEZzgYZ.öÅDc]ÆnÃðÔñéä7ìXZkhÅTy~ðZzgÅÛZ÷ÃZzq»Z³ZiqÝìYèZkjZáЬUTç@}ä{-VÆZkhÃtHz{ZyÑäzÂVÆ

X50 ägxyÂÉZåYÅgzÐqÝQkÆ£tȨ̈b0âwG 1949 Z¤Ãð{~ìwô@ìû.ö

YgìêZzgz{ËÌDÐøzxg3Yg;ìÂz{ZfgZù~ÐÃðZqcÓxZ(gôDÉñZKDeäg`ôZYìXZyfgZù~ÐõÉ]ZzgúÒÇyZ§Zy»ôäZgzZãîg

126 Zzg 81, 79, 78 6.öBZ~!hÐêOìXèÃg{!ÑäzâVfgZùÅw»fôäd]èÆúÒÇyJÌDc]àðY ICRC ~­ñéäìX@ëZqä}fg=Æîg6

X51 $ËêXpZkfg)cMÆ0.öäÜZs7Åä{-VÆhDeÃtôDÉñ{à{]Ã0ȯc 78 .öBZÆMgç

ìûz{ZyDc]âZi¢MÐàñÏXTÅzzªCÙìûCÙDe»m{mzâÜÐÉ@ìTƦgäÆàQkÅZÃäeÁc»ÉYCìXhDeÆZEwÅÃðêh.öäÒy7ÅìXYèêhУ[ÑqÝ7ÉYXª.öBZäË{~ÆaDeäg`ôZäÅÃðuHg7ÅZzg:Ñ{~Æf)Îcìûz{˧bZK

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jZ!Y]zjZÙLauterpacht, The Problem of the Revision of the Law of War, British

Year Book of International Law, 1952, P. 3601

David, Geo, B., The Prisoner of War, American Journal of InternationalLaw, July, 1913., P. 530

2

Oppenheim, International Law, Vol. II, disputes, Longmans, Green &Co., Inc. London, 1952, P. 368

3

Pictet, Jean, Commentary III Geneva convention Relative to Treatment of MÒ{ZkÂ[ÃZ"gÅ{§ Prisoners of War, ICRC, Geneva, 1960, P. 5

ñYñÇ Pictet

4

Ibid, P. 6 5

Executive Report No. 9, Retrieved on 19 January, 2012 fromwww.loc.gov/rr/frd/military.law, P. 13

6

Yingling & Ginname, The Geneva Conventions of 1949, AmericanJournal of Internaational Law, July, 1952, P. 394

7

Final Record of the diplomatic Conference of Geneva of 1949,Vol. IIB,P. 108 , Retrieved on 12 January, 2012, from

http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/RC-Fin-Rec_Dipl-Conf-1949.html

8

Pictet, P. 34 9

The Geneva Conventions of 1949, P. 395 10

(358) YZ.ö'Zñ£tZ§ZÈkDïzãt 102Y 3 qçá ... ]ÖÏ×Ü

Geneva Convention for the Treatment of Prisoners of War, 1949, Art 7.Retrieved on 03 January, 2012 from

http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/geneva03.asp

ñYñÇX "GCPW 1949" MÒ{Z"gžnÐZÐ

11

Final Record, Vol. II B, P. 17, 18, 56, 110 12

Pietro Verri, Dictionary of the International Law of the Armed Conflict,ICRC, Geneva, 1992, P. 91

13

Kurtha, A. Nomi, Prisoners of War and War Crimes, Pakistan HeraldPress, 1973, P. 17.

14

The Red Cross Conventions, P. 55-56 15

Nasim Hassan Shah, Justice Dr., Geneva Conventions and the PakistaniPrisoners of War, Progressive Publishers, Lahore, 1973, P. 6

16

GCPW 1949, Art 25 17

Pictet, P. 195 18

GCPW 1949, Art 26 19

Ibid, Art 15 20

Final Record, Vol. IIA, P. 257 21

Flory, W.E.F., Prisoners of War, American Council on Public Affairs,Washington, D.C., 1942, P. 67-68.

22

GCPW 1949, Art 26 23

Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross on its activitiesMÒ{Z"gžnÐZÐ during the Second World War, Vol.I, P.258-263

ñYñÇX Report of ICRC

24

Final Record, Vol. II A, P. 258 25

Pictet, P. 204 26

Report of ICRC, Vol. I, P. 263 27

Pictet, P. 208 28

GCPW 1949, Art 30 29

Report on the Work of the Conference of Government Experts, P. 148

ñYñÇX Report of Government Experts MÒ{Z"gÅ{§ZÐ30

GCPW 1949, Art 30 31

Executive Order No. 10631 32

(359) YZ.ö'Zñ£tZ§ZÈkDïzãt 102Y 3 qçá ... ]ÖÏ×Ü

GCPW 1949, Art 42 33

Pictet, P. 248 34

GCPW 1949, Art 109 35

Whiteman, Marforie, Digest of International Law, Department of StatePublication, Washington, D.C., 1968, Vol. 10, P. 213

36

Treaty of Versailles, Prt VI, Art 214, Retrieved on 25 April, 2012, from

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/audio/history/pdf/the_treaty_of_versailles.pdf

37

Robin Geib, Name, rank, date of birth, serial number and the right toremain silent, ICRC Review, Dec., 1995, P.722

38

The Red Cross Conventions, P.59 39

ÅæäлgHäìX Pictet, P.160 t]zw 40

David, Geo, B. The Prisoner of War, P. 523 41

Lewis, A.G., The Structure of the Third Geneva Convention System ofPOW Labour Law and Collective Representation and the Challenges

Presented by Modern Armed Conflicts, P. 61; Allan Rosas, The LegalStatus of Prisoners of War, Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Helsinki, 1976,

P. 136

42

Macknight, The Employment of Prisoners of War in the United States,International Labour Review, July 1944, P. 47

43

Pictet, P. 262 44

Flory, W.E.F., Prisoners of War, P. 71 45

The Structure of the Third Geneva Convention System of POW LabourLaw and Collective Representation and Challenges Presented by Modern

Armed Conflicts, P. 61

46

Report of ICRC, Vol.1, P. 329 47

Pictet, P. 313 48

Report of Government Experts, P. 157 49

Pictet, P. 382 50

Howard S. Levie, Prisoners of War and the Protecting Power, American Journal of International Law, Vol. 55, No. 2 (Apr., 1961) P. 396

51

The Red Cross Conventions, P. 61 52

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