T. M. Whitmore Today China Population Mobility History Economic geography T. M. Whitmore Last time China Scale & isolation Physical environments Agriculture T. M. Whitmore Chinese Population Issues Population growth- sizesize Revolutionary changes Mortality Mortality Fertility Fertility Ethnic composition Han Chinese Others Spatial distribution mostly in east Urbanization/transport T. M. Whitmore Chinese Mobility Shift from bicycles to carsbicycles Maoist structure small urban collectives Highway construction Highway Now #3 producer of cars Shift to suburban structuresuburban Big Box storesBig Box Population Cartogram (size on map proportional to population) John Wiley & Sons W.H. Freeman & Co. Population Pyramid of China, 2000 Note excess males John Wiley & Sons N China Plain John Wiley & Sons South China What world city since 1990 has built almost 3,000 buildings with 18 or more stories? Bret Wallach T. M. Whitmore Ng Han Guan, AP, USA Today T. M. Whitmore Chinese history (briefly!) Chinese dynasties from 200s BC to ~ 1800dynasties European trade and influence 1700s onward European trade Japanese empire Japanese Post WWII - rise of Communists T. M. Whitmore Silk and Porcelain Products Desired by Europeans - Chinese traded for silver/gold Opium Wars British push for control of trade T. M. Whitmore Japanese Empire in WW II T. M. Whitmore Post WW2 Rise of Communism Communist takeover in 1949 led by Mao Zedong Centrally planned command economy 1960s stamp out capitalism Mao died in 1976 T. M. Whitmore Chinese Economic geography Chinas North (Manchuria)Manchuria North China plain Lower Yangtze river basin (Shanghai) Industrial development Sichuan basin South coastal region Sichuan Hong Kong John Wiley & Sons T. M. Whitmore "Socialism with Chinese characteristics" Since the 1970s - market-oriented economic reforms: State-owned to private enterprises Closed economy to foreign investment Feudal agriculture to collectives to household responsibility system These have led to increased growth, inequality, rural-urban migration and pollution. inequality SEZ (Special Economic Zones) SEZ Suzhou Industrial Park in Jiangsu province (near Shanghai) Shenzhen SEZ (Special Economic Zone) - in Guangdong Province T. M. Whitmore Perspectives and problems Strong economic growthgrowth Chinese business diasporadiaspora Agriculture vs pop Pollution etc. Pollution 2002 Manfred Leiter China town in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia