THE TRIUMPHS AND TRAVAILS OF THE JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLICChapter 11

FEDERALIST / REPUBLICAN MUDSLINGERS

First 2-party election War with France Navy?

Mudslinging Hamilton attacks Adams

Pamphlet

Whisper campaigns Federalists attack Jefferson’s character

Robbed widow Sally Hemings Church V. State

Nominee Thomas Jefferson John Adams

Party Democratic Republican

Federalist

Home state Virginia Massachusetts

Running mate Aaron Burr Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, John Jay

Electoral vote 73 65

States carried 8 7

Popular vote 41,330 25,952

Percentage 61.4% 38.6%

ELECTION OF 1800

JEFFERSONIAN REVOLUTION

Jefferson is elected presidentBurr receives the same amount of votesCongress decides who will be vice

president and who will be presidentBurr = Vice President

Twelfth AmendmentElectors to cast separate ballots for

president and vice-president

JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLICANISM

People should control the governmentShrink the government

Cut costs Balance Budget / Get out of debt Excise tax Alien-Sedition Reduced size of army Halted plans to extend the navy Lowered expenses for government social functions

Took office in the new federal capitalWashington D.C.

JOHN MARSHALL

Judiciary Act of 1801 16 new federal judgeships/offices

President Adams filed paperwork while leaving office Midnight appointments Leave federalists in office

John Marshall Dominated the Supreme Court

Shaped legal tradition Federalist

MARBURY V. MADISON

Jefferson said appointments were not valid Told Madison (Secretary of State) not to deliver

appointments

Federal chief justice = John Marshall Declared that part of the Judiciary Act of 1789

unconstitutional Would have ordered Madison to hand over papers

Decision strengthened the Supreme court Established Judicial Review

Ability of Supreme Court to declare a law or act of Congress unconstitutional

JEFFERSON THE WARRIOR

Mediterranean

Pay for protection

1801 Tripoli – declared war on the U.S.

4 years Peace treaty = $60,000 Tripolitan War

“Jeff’s” = Mosquito fleets 200

LOUISIANA PURCHASE

1800 Spain ceded to France the trans-Mississippi

Region of Louisiana = includes New Orleans 1802

Spain withdraws the right of deposit = Pinckney’s Treaty of 1795

1803 James Monroe / Robert R. Livingston

Buy New Orleans + land to its east $10 Million

CONT.

Napoleon decides to sell West Indies = Haiti Malaria Fear of an alliance with US and Britain

April 30, 1803 Louisiana Purchase $15 million

3-4 cents acre 828,000 square miles

EXPLORATION

IsolationistRemoving Europe

1804Under direction of President JeffersonExplore the new territory

Meriwether LewisWilliam Clark

Sacajawea = Shoshone33 men2 ½ years

AARON BURR

Burr Dropped 2nd Term Succession of New England and NY Hamilton exposed plan

Burr / Hamilton Duel Hamilton refused to fire Burr killed Hamilton with one shot

Separate Western part of the U.S.

NEUTRALITY

1804 Jefferson reelected

Napoleon provokes war with Britain

Orders in Council British closed European ports under French control

to foreign shipping Ships had to first stop at a British port

Napoleon orders the seizure of all merchant ships entering British ports Including American

CONT.

Impressment Forcible enlistment of sailors 6,000

Chesapeake Affair Surrender of 4 alleged deserters American commander refused demand

Chesapeake fired upon Killing 3 wounding 18

EMBARGO

U.S. cut of exports

Embargo Act 1807 Forbade exports of all

goods from the U.S. “Peaceful Coercion” Rights of Neutral Nations

Docks deserted

Soup Kitchens

Commerce Hurt

Trade = Canadian Border

Enforcing legislations Reviving Federalist party

Nullification

Repealed March 1, 1809

Non Intercourse Act Opened Trade

Except Britain / France

MADISON’S GAMBLE

1808 Madison wins presidency

Macon’s Bill Britain or France repealed its commercial

restriction America would restore its embargo against the

nonrepealing nation Ally?

Napoleon maneuvers to lift orders Britain saw no need to bargain

U.S. reestablished the embargo Final step towards war

MR. MADISON’S WAR

War inevitable

America needed to protect itself

Madison = Congress to declare war June 1, 1812

2 weeks later House 79 to 49 Senate 19 to 13

Sectionalism Support = South / West Federalist = damned the

conflict New England Resented Republican

sympathy with Napoleon Opposed acquisition of

Canada Sent supplies to Canada

Refused militias to serve outside of their state