T HE C OLD W AR Click here for video clip
Cold_War.mp4Cold_War.mp4
Slide 3
I.T HE W ORLD IS DIVIDED A. After WWII, the United States and
the Soviet Union were the worlds most powerful nations. They were
superpowers. B. The Soviet Union controlled much of Eastern
Germany, Finland, and Poland. C. Korea was divided into North and
South Korea to rid it of Japanese forces.
Slide 4
II. A N EW K IND OF W AR A. Soviet Union was trying to expand
communism 1. Soviets hoped to control the whole world B. US was
committed to stopping the spread of communism C. Struggle became
known as the Cold War 1. No direct attacking of one country by
another a) Hot War 2. Fought with words, money, and the threat of
weapons D. Third World Countries- Nations that were not part of the
Free World or the Communist World
Slide 5
III. P ROPAGANDA A. Systematic effort to spread opinions or
beliefs. B. Key element of the Cold War C. Radio messages sent to
people behind the Iron Curtain telling them democracy existed D.
Soviet Union told their people Americans were poor and democracy
did not work.
Slide 6
IV. T HE U NITED N ATIONS A. Formed in 1945 because many
nations wanted to promote global peace B. Representatives from 50
nations C. FDR considered one of the main designers, died weeks
before the UN became official D. Truman appointed Eleanor Roosevelt
as representative E. Goals- to keep peace, encourage respect for
human rights, and promote justice and better standards for
living.
Slide 7
V. I RON C URTAIN A. The closing off of the Soviet Union. It
was as if a curtain of iron shut out the West. It divided the
continent of Europe into communist and noncommunist countries.
Slide 8
Slide 9
A. Soviet Union controlled by a communist government. 1.
Government owns all land and businesses 2. Little individual
personal freedom B. US and Western Europe had democratic
governments 1. Promotes personal freedom and free enterprise 2.
(people are free to own businesses and property)
Slide 10
A. Government of Moscow (capital of Soviet Union) had complete
control of Central and Eastern Europe 1. People unable to vote or
travel outside borders. B. Western Leaders were concerned. C. An
iron curtain has descended(fallen) across the continent.-Winston
Churchill-1946
Slide 11
Slide 12
Slide 13
VI. R ESPONSE TO THE I RON C URTAIN A. Secretary of State
George C. Marshalls plan The Marshall Plan 1. 1948 -1952 2. US will
provide food, shelter, materials to help European countries rebuild
and stand up to communism 3. Over $13,000,000,000 4. Promoted
democracy in Europe 5. Strengthened relationships between Europe
and US 6. Asian countries received assistance also
Slide 14
B. NATO 1. North Atlantic Treaty Organization 2. Military
alliance between the nations of Western Europe 3. Countries of NATO
promised to help each other in there was an attack by the Soviet
Union
Slide 15
Slide 16
C. B ERLIN A IRLIFT ( CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO) CLICK HERE FOR
VIDEO 1. Berlin (Germanys capital) was divided and under control of
Eastern Europe a. June 1948-Soviets stopped all air traffic into
western Berlin b. No food allowed in c. Electricity cut 2. US and
Britain organized the Berlin Airlift a. Airplanes flew in with food
and fuel b. Eastern Europe lifted blockade in May 1949
Slide 17
Slide 18
VII. C OLD W AR C ONFLICTS A. The US sought to stop the spread
of communism through NATO, The Berlin Airlift, and The Korean War.
B. The Korean War-The Cold War turned violent in 1950 (click
here)click here A. Korea divided 1. North Korea- Communist 2. South
Korea- did not want to be communist
Slide 19
Slide 20
B. North Korea invaded South Korea hoping to unite under a
communist government C. Presid e nt Truman did not want another
country to fall under communist control 1. sent forces to protect
South Korea, marking the beginning of the Korean War 2. Soldiers
from 15 nations joined American soldiers 3. Koreans were driven
back D. Korean War ended in 1953 1. Korea still divided into two
nations 2. North Korea unable to take over South Korea 3. US
guarded the border between North and South Korea into the next
century.
Slide 21
VII. T HE R ED S CARE AT H OME Red Scare was the term used to
describe the panic that Americans were feeling as the communist
party grew Red -the official color of communism Reds -term used to
describe communists China fell to communism in 1949-US worried
about a revolution and spies
Slide 22
Slide 23
IX. J OSEPH M C C ARTHY A. Wisconsin Senator B. Spread
propaganda that there were hundreds of communists inside the US
government C. Communists hunted 1. Innocent people investigated
2.Some spies arrested A. Americans lost interest hunting communists
after the Korean War and US Senate deemed McCarthys actions
inappropriate
Slide 24
Slide 25
X. T HE A RMS R ACE A. A race to build more and better weapons
than your enemy 1. US and the Soviet Union a. Atomic bomb b.
Hydrogen bomb 2. Americans built bomb shelters underground 3. US
continued building weapons hoping to scare off the Germans rather
than use the weapons
Slide 26
Slide 27
XI. C UBAN M ISSILE C RISIS ( CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO ) ( CLICK
HERE FOR VIDEO I. October 1962 American spy planes discovered the
Soviets were setting up nuclear missiles in Cuba (a communist
government) A. President Kennedy insisted that the Soviets remove
the missiles B. Sent navy ships to block Soviets from bringing in
more weapons C. Beginning to look like a nuclear war was about to
erupt D. Soviets agreed to remove missiles after 4 days
Slide 28
XII. T HE B ERLIN W ALL A. A wall, made of concrete, stone, and
barbed wire, that prevented people in East Berlin from fleeing into
West Berlin. 1. people who tried to escape were shot 2. built in
1961 3. reminder that Americans had to remain strong with both
words and weapons
Slide 29
Slide 30
Slide 31
The fall of the Berlin Wall in1989 marked the end of the Cold
War (click here)click here