Systems SoftwareSystems Software

CSC 101Unit 2

CSC 101Unit 2

SoftwareSoftware

A collection of instructions that tells the computer what

to do

A collection of instructions that tells the computer what

to do

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System Software: The OSSystem Software: The OSSystem Software: The OSSystem Software: The OS• Controls computer functions• Hardware• Processor• Memory • Devices

• Provides means for software to work with the CPU

• Responsible for management, scheduling, and interaction of tasks

• Provides user interface

• Controls computer functions• Hardware• Processor• Memory • Devices

• Provides means for software to work with the CPU

• Responsible for management, scheduling, and interaction of tasks

• Provides user interface

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System Software: UtilitiesSystem Software: UtilitiesSystem Software: UtilitiesSystem Software: Utilities

• Utilities: Programs that perform computer housekeeping tasks• Manage system resources• Improve efficiency• Virus prevention

• Utilities: Programs that perform computer housekeeping tasks• Manage system resources• Improve efficiency• Virus prevention

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Operating System Operating System CategoriesCategories

Operating System Operating System CategoriesCategories

• Four categories:• Real-time (RTOS)• Single-user, single-task• Single-user, multitask• Multiuser

• Four categories:• Real-time (RTOS)• Single-user, single-task• Single-user, multitask• Multiuser

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Real-Time Operating Real-Time Operating SystemsSystems

Real-Time Operating Real-Time Operating SystemsSystems

• Systems with a specific purpose and a certain result

• Uses include:• Industrial machines• Robotic devices• Automobiles• Video game

consoles• Home appliances

• Systems with a specific purpose and a certain result

• Uses include:• Industrial machines• Robotic devices• Automobiles• Video game

consoles• Home appliances

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Single-User Operating Single-User Operating SystemsSystems

Single-User Operating Single-User Operating SystemsSystems

Single-task systems

• Perform one task at a time• PDAs:

• Pocket PC• Palm OS• Windows Mobile

• MS-DOS

Single-task systems

• Perform one task at a time• PDAs:

• Pocket PC• Palm OS• Windows Mobile

• MS-DOS

Multitask systems

• Perform simultaneous tasks

• Windows• Mac OS• Linux

Multitask systems

• Perform simultaneous tasks

• Windows• Mac OS• Linux

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Multiuser Operating Multiuser Operating Systems Systems

Multiuser Operating Multiuser Operating Systems Systems

• Known as network operating systems• Allow access to the computer system by

more than one user• Manage user requests• Systems include:• Linux• UNIX• Unicos• Windows Server 2008• Windows Vista• Mac OS X• i5/OS• z/OS

• Known as network operating systems• Allow access to the computer system by

more than one user• Manage user requests• Systems include:• Linux• UNIX• Unicos• Windows Server 2008• Windows Vista• Mac OS X• i5/OS• z/OS

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Desktop and Notebook Desktop and Notebook Operating SystemsOperating Systems

Desktop and Notebook Desktop and Notebook Operating SystemsOperating Systems

• An operating system combined with a processor is known as a platform.• Microsoft Windows/Intel• Apple Macintosh/Motorola

• Desktop and notebook operating systems include:• Microsoft Windows• Mac OS• Linux• UNIX

• An operating system combined with a processor is known as a platform.• Microsoft Windows/Intel• Apple Macintosh/Motorola

• Desktop and notebook operating systems include:• Microsoft Windows• Mac OS• Linux• UNIX

Microsoft WindowsMicrosoft WindowsMicrosoft WindowsMicrosoft Windows

Windows Vista(2007)

• This newest version of Windows, which comes in many versions, provides tighter security and improved graphical capabilities.

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Mac OSMac OSMac OSMac OS• First commercially

available OS with point-and-click technology (graphical user interface)

• Excellent in:• Graphics display• Processing

capabilities• System reliability• File backup utilities• Document recovery

• Fewer software applications available than for Windows

• First commercially available OS with point-and-click technology (graphical user interface)

• Excellent in:• Graphics display• Processing

capabilities• System reliability• File backup utilities• Document recovery

• Fewer software applications available than for Windows

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LinuxLinuxLinuxLinux

• Open source operating system

• Based on UNIX• Stable system• Free• May be

downloaded from the Internet

• Open source operating system

• Based on UNIX• Stable system• Free• May be

downloaded from the Internet

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Operating Systems for Operating Systems for Servers and MainframesServers and MainframesOperating Systems for Operating Systems for Servers and MainframesServers and Mainframes

• Servers• Manage network resources

• Mainframes• Handle requests from hundreds or

thousands of users simultaneously

• Operating systems:• Windows Server• Unix

• Servers• Manage network resources

• Mainframes• Handle requests from hundreds or

thousands of users simultaneously

• Operating systems:• Windows Server• Unix

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UNIXUNIXUNIXUNIX• Multiuser, multitask operating

system• Used primarily with mainframes

• Multiuser, multitask operating system

• Used primarily with mainframes

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What the OS DoesWhat the OS DoesWhat the OS DoesWhat the OS Does

• Provides a user interface• Manages the CPU• Manages memory and

storage• Manages hardware and

peripheral devices• Coordinates application

software with the CPU

• Provides a user interface• Manages the CPU• Manages memory and

storage• Manages hardware and

peripheral devices• Coordinates application

software with the CPU

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The User InterfaceThe User InterfaceThe User InterfaceThe User Interface

• Enables you to interact with the computer

• Types of interfaces:• Command-driven

interface• Menu-driven interface• Graphical user

interface (GUI)

• Enables you to interact with the computer

• Types of interfaces:• Command-driven

interface• Menu-driven interface• Graphical user

interface (GUI)

Command-driven

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Processor ManagementProcessor ManagementProcessor ManagementProcessor Management

• Controls the timing of events the processor works on• Interrupts• Interrupt handler• Interrupt table• Stack

• Controls the timing of events the processor works on• Interrupts• Interrupt handler• Interrupt table• Stack

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Memory and Storage Memory and Storage ManagementManagement

Memory and Storage Memory and Storage ManagementManagement

• The operating system allocates space in RAM for instructions and data.

• The operating system allocates space in RAM for instructions and data.

RAM

Operating

System

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Hardware and Peripheral Hardware and Peripheral Device ManagementDevice Management

Hardware and Peripheral Hardware and Peripheral Device ManagementDevice Management

• Device drivers• Programs that enable the operating

system to communicate with peripheral devices

• Provided by the manufacturer of the device

• Plug and Play• Hardware and software standard• Facilitates the installation of new

hardware

• Device drivers• Programs that enable the operating

system to communicate with peripheral devices

• Provided by the manufacturer of the device

• Plug and Play• Hardware and software standard• Facilitates the installation of new

hardware

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Software Application Software Application CoordinationCoordination

Software Application Software Application CoordinationCoordination

• Application programming interfaces (APIs)• Blocks of code contained in the

operating system• Coordinate the operating system with

software applications– Similar toolbars and menus

• Application programming interfaces (APIs)• Blocks of code contained in the

operating system• Coordinate the operating system with

software applications– Similar toolbars and menus

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Starting the ComputerStarting the ComputerStarting the ComputerStarting the ComputerThe Boot Process

• Step 1: The basic input/output system (BIOS) is activated.

• Step 2: A power-on self-test (POST) checks attached hardware.

• Step 3: The operating system loads into RAM.

• Step 4: Configuration and customization settings are checked.

The Boot Process

• Step 1: The basic input/output system (BIOS) is activated.

• Step 2: A power-on self-test (POST) checks attached hardware.

• Step 3: The operating system loads into RAM.

• Step 4: Configuration and customization settings are checked.

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The DesktopThe DesktopThe DesktopThe Desktop

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Windows Windows Windows Windows Title bar Close button

Ribbon

Minimize button

Maximize/Restore button

Scrollbar

Document view options

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File ManagementFile ManagementFile ManagementFile Management

• The operating system provides an organizational structure for the computer’s contents.

• Hierarchical structure of directories:• Drives• Folders

Subfolders• Files

• The operating system provides an organizational structure for the computer’s contents.

• Hierarchical structure of directories:• Drives• Folders

Subfolders• Files

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File ManagementFile ManagementFile ManagementFile Management

Files and folders inside MGT 111 Spring folder

Navigation pane with links to favorite folders

Folders presented in a hierarchical structure

Click to display the Searches Folder

MGT 111 Spring folder selected

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Viewing and Sorting Viewing and Sorting Files and FoldersFiles and Folders

Viewing and Sorting Viewing and Sorting Files and FoldersFiles and Folders

• Details view • Details view

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Naming FilesNaming FilesNaming FilesNaming Files• Filename: Name

assigned plus filename extension

• Characters not legal in Windows filenames: “ / \ * ? < > | :

• Character not legal in Mac filenames:

:

• Filename: Name assigned plus filename extension

• Characters not legal in Windows filenames: “ / \ * ? < > | :

• Character not legal in Mac filenames:

:

Bioreport.docx

or

Bio report.docx

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Filename ExtensionsFilename ExtensionsFilename ExtensionsFilename ExtensionsExtension Type of Document Application

.doc Word-processing document Microsoft Word 2003

.docx Word-processing documentMicrosoft Word 2007 document

.wpd Word-processing document Corel WordPerfect

.xlsx SpreadsheetMicrosoft Excel 2007 workbook

.accdb Database Microsoft Access 2007

.pptx PowerPoint presentationMicrosoft PowerPoint 2007 presentation

.pdf Portable Document FormatAdobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader

.rtf TextAny program that can read text documents

.txt TextAny program that can read text documents

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Filename Extensions Filename Extensions (cont.)(cont.)

Filename Extensions Filename Extensions (cont.)(cont.)

Extension Type of Document Application

.htm or .html Web pageAny program that can read HTML

.jpgJoint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) image

Most programs capable of displaying images

.gifGraphic Interchange Format (GIF) image

Most programs capable of displaying images

.bmp Bitmap image Windows

.zip Compressed file WinZip

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File PathFile PathFile PathFile Path

• File path: Location of the file

C:\My Documents\CSC 101\Study Guide 1.docx

• File path: Location of the file

C:\My Documents\CSC 101\Study Guide 1.docx

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Working with FilesWorking with FilesWorking with FilesWorking with Files

• File management actions:• Open• Copy• Move• Rename• Delete

• Recycle Bin

• File management actions:• Open• Copy• Move• Rename• Delete

• Recycle Bin

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Utility ProgramsUtility ProgramsUtility ProgramsUtility Programs

• Small programs that perform special functions:• Manage system resources• Create a pleasant environment• Improve efficiency

• Small programs that perform special functions:• Manage system resources• Create a pleasant environment• Improve efficiency

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Display UtilitiesDisplay UtilitiesDisplay UtilitiesDisplay Utilities

• Change the appearance of:• Desktop• Windows colors• Font sizes

• Include:• Screen savers• Screen resolution• Clear Type

• Change the appearance of:• Desktop• Windows colors• Font sizes

• Include:• Screen savers• Screen resolution• Clear Type

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System Maintenance System Maintenance UtilitiesUtilities

System Maintenance System Maintenance UtilitiesUtilities

• Disk defragmenter• ScanDisk:• Error checker

• Disk Cleanup • Task Manager

• Disk defragmenter• ScanDisk:• Error checker

• Disk Cleanup • Task Manager

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System RestoreSystem RestoreSystem RestoreSystem Restore

• Restores system settings to a specific date

• Restores system settings to a specific date

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System BackupSystem BackupSystem BackupSystem Backup• Backup• Creates a copy of a hard drive to

another storage device

• Task Scheduler• Runs selected utilities automatically

• Backup• Creates a copy of a hard drive to

another storage device

• Task Scheduler• Runs selected utilities automatically