geography

country state empire nation

SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT

Anarchy ['ænəki] Capitalist ['kæpitəlist] Communist ['kɔmjunist] Democracy [di'mɔkrəsi] Dictatorship [dik'teitə∫ip] Federal government ['fedərəl] ['gʌvnmənt] Monarchy ['mɔnəki] Regional ['ri:dʒənl] or local ['loukəl] Republic [ri'pʌblik] Revolutionary government [,revə'lu:∫nəri] ['gʌvnmənt] Totalitarian state [,toutæli'teəriən] [steit] Transitional [træn'zi∫ənl]

BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT

The

governmentThe

government

A

coalition

government

A

coalition

government

The

oppositionThe

opposition

Political partyPolitical party

Political organization

Political organization

THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM

Left wing

Right wing

In the centre

the part of a political party whose members are most in favour of social change.

the part of a political party whose members are least in favour of social change.

political position or party, between the extremes of left-wing and right-wing parties

Centre-left / left of centre

Centre-right / right of centre

ELECTIONS

1. Vote(n) a formal choice that you make in an election or at

a meeting in order to choose sb or decide sth (v) (for / against sb) to show formally by marking a

paper or raising your hand which person you want to win an election, or which plan or idea you support.

e.g. Did you vote for or against her? Voter (n) a person who votes or has the right to vote,

especially in a political election Floating voter: (BrE) (AmE swing voter) noun a person

who does not always vote for the same political party and who has not decided which party to vote for in an election

2. To elect (sb): to choose sb to do a particular job by voting for them

e.g. She became the first black woman to be elected to the Senate.

election (n) the process of choosing a person or a group of people for a position, especially a political position, by voting

general election: an election in which all the people of a country vote to choose a government

local electionto hold an election

3. Campaign (n) a series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a particular social, commercial or political aim

campaign slogan

campaign for a party / candidate

4. Referendum (n) [,refə'rendəm]

~ (on sth) an occasion when all the people of a country can vote on an important issue

to hold a referendum

• 5. Poll (n) the process of voting at an election; the process of counting the votes

e.g. Thursday is traditionally the day when Britain goes to the polls (= when elections are held).

opinion poll: the process of questioning people who are representative of a larger group in order to get information about the general opinion

6. Constituency (n) [kən'stitjuənsi]

a particular group of people in society who are likely to support a person, an idea or a product.

e.g. There is a strong constituency of support for his proposal.