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Systems Engineering In Aerospace
Theodora Saunders
February 20 2009
AUTOMATION IN MANUFACTURING Leading-Edge Technologies and Application
Fairfield University
Systems Engineering In Aerospace
• Topics– Engineering– Systems Engineering– Work Motivation – Challenges
Engineering
“…the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgement to develop ways to utilize, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.”
Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology
Problem
Technology
Solution
In Celebration Of Engineering Week
We design solutions to problems
However
We Design Solutions With Constraints
• Engineering solutions must satisfy a set of constraints– Size– Weight– Safety– Reliability– Maintainability– Manufacturability– Cost– Schedule
We narrow all options to a Solution; “Convergent Thinking”
Systems Engineering
Focuses on defining customer needs and required functionality early in the development cycle,
documenting requirements, then proceeding with design
synthesis and system validation while considering the complete
problem
Integrates all the disciplines and specialty groups into a team effort forming a structured development process that proceeds from concept to production to operation.
Considers both the business and the technical needs of all customers with the goal of providing a quality product that meets the user needs
Systems Engineering
Considers both the business and the technical needs of all customers with the goal of providing a quality product that meets the user needs
Integrates all the disciplines and specialty groups into a team effort forming
a structured development process that proceeds
from concept to production to operation
Systems Engineering
Focuses on defining customer needs and required functionality early in the development cycle,
documenting requirements, then proceeding with design
synthesis and system validation while considering the complete
problem
Considers A Full Spectrum Of Solutions; “Divergent Thinking”
Systems Engineering In AerospaceProcess Across the System Life Cycle
Project Phases Concept Definition
System Development
Production Support
Process
Project Planning ● ● ● ●Risk Management ● ● ● ●
Project Management ● ● ● ●Supply Chain Management ● ● ● ●Requirements Development ● ● ○ ○Requirements Management ● ● ● ●
Design ○ ● ● ○Product Integration ○ ● ○ ○
Verification/Validation ○ ● ○ ○Quantitative Process Management ● ● ● ●
Configuration Management ● ● ● ●Quality Assurance ● ● ● ●
Decision Analysis and Resolution ● ● ● ●
● = Major Emphasis○ = Reduced Emphasis
Process Breadth
Application Through the Project's Defined Process
Proc
ess D
epth
Systems Engineering In Aerospace Current DoD Product Life Cycle
Compressed Product Life Cycles Impact Process, Product, People
• It is not only about the process• It is not only about the tools
– It is the application of the process
»It is the creation of products
–It is the people who create»It is the art of creating
Systems Engineering In Aerospace
Engineering ChallengesIn US Aerospace
• Emerging anxiety with respect to the supply of qualified scientific and engineering workforce within the aerospace industry and in particular within the defense sector
• Anticipated engineering labor shortage has far more implications and goes beyond the financial viability concerns in the defense sector
• The United States of America economic stability and competitiveness, as well as the national security depend on the availability of capable engineering workforce
Aerospace Industry Association newsletter headline “Aerospace Industry Faces Coming Worker Shortage” (posted on 4 March 2008)
Evolving Nature of Systems Engineering
• Systems requirements are increasingly based on assessment of gaps in user capabilities and in priority areas
• Increasing focus on integration across systems to enable capabilities
• Increased emphasis on networking• Effective end-to-end performance of system of
systems (SoS) to meet user needs
The role of systems engineering (SE) is expanding to the engineering of SoS that provide user capabilities
Systems Engineering In Aerospace Increased SoS Focus
SoS Types SoS Key Characteristics Component Systems Examples
Virtual Global
Information Grid (GIG)
CollaborativeVolunteer Interaction among
component systems to satisfy agreed-upon central purpose
Collectively decide on standards and how to provide or deny
services; no power to enforce standards
Internet; other communities of
interest
AcknowledgedRecognized objectives with a
designated manager and resources to meet the SoS
Retain their independent objectives; changes in the
systems are based on collaboration among SoS and the
system
Future Combat Systems (FCS)
Directed
Integrated system of systems is centrally managed to meet specific
objectives during a long term operation
Retain an ability to operate independently;
however their normal operational mode is subordinate to the
centally managed objectives
Aircraft Avionics Federated
Architecture with Mission
Computer
Lack of central management authority and centrally agreed-upon purpose of the system os systems
Opportunities
The value added by the system as a whole, beyond that contributed independently by the parts, is
primarily created by the relationship among the parts; that is, how they are interconnected
(Rechtin, 2000)
Suggested Systems Engineering Competency Model And Corresponding
Recent data analyses indicate that higher systems engineering capability results in more successful projects, thus leading to higher effectiveness of systems engineering
(Carnegie Mellon and National Defense Industry Association report, 2007)
Enterprise (Products, Process, People) Management
Enterprise (Products, Process, People) Multi-Framework Assessment
Structure Roles
& Responsibilities
Vision &
Goals
Knowledge &
Learning
Business Process TSE Process ESE Process
System RequirementsSystem Planning
System Management &
Control
Acquisition & Supply
System DesignProduct Integration
System Technical Evaluation
Capability Needs/GapsCapability Planning
Strategic Technical Plan
Enterprise Architecture
Technology Planning
Enterprise Technical Evaluation
ESE Requires Creative Thinking
Addressing The Human Side of
Systems Engineering
We must shift our thinking by becoming more interested in the creative process, the creative attitude, the creative person, rather than the
creative product alone
(Maslow, 1971)
Closing Remarks
• Systems engineering is a proven process that enables the creation of products, while human motivation provides the fuel for technological innovation
• The challenging question then is:
– Weather the systems engineering practitioners, industry leaders, and academia, are ready to actively participate in an open dialogue based on mutual respect, to resolve the growing disparity between business and humanity