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Systems Analysis Systems Analysis StrategiesStrategies
Chapter 4Chapter 4
Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Slides by Fred NiedermanEdited by Solomon Negash
Slide 2
Key Definitions
The _______________ is the current system and may or may not be computerized
The ________________ is the new system that is based on updated requirements
Slide 3
Key Ideas
The goal of the ________________ is to truly understand the requirements of the new system and develop a system that addresses them -- or decide a new system isn’t needed.The line between systems analysis and systems design is very blurry.Analysis across areas:
Combines business and information technologyBalance expertise of users and analysts
Slide 4
The SDLC Process
Slide 5
Three Fundamental Analysis Strategies
1. _______________________
2. _______________________
3. _______________________
Slide 6
Business Process Automation (BPA)
Goal:
_____________
Slide 7
Identifying Improvements in As-Is Systems
______________________Asking users to identify problemsRarely finds significant monetary benefits
_______________________Prioritizing problemsTracing symptoms to their causes
Slide 8
Root Cause AnalysisSymptoms
ROOT CAUSES
Symptoms
Identify symptomsTrace each back to its causes
Slide 9
Root Cause Analysis Example
Slide 10
Business Process Improvement (BPI)
Introducing evolutionary changes
Slide 11
__________________(What BPI method uses the improvement
identification steps shown below?)
Calculate time needed for each process stepCalculate time needed for overall processCompare the twoDevelop process integration or parallelization
Slide 12
__________________ (What BPI method uses the improvement
identification steps shown below?)
Calculate cost of each process stepConsider both direct and indirect costsIdentify most costly steps and focus improvement efforts on them
Slide 13
__________________ (What BPI method uses the improvement
identification steps shown below?)
Studying how other organizations perform the same business processInformal benchmarking
Check with customersFormal benchmarking
Establish formal relationship with other organization
Slide 14
Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
Radical redesignof business processes
Slide 15
__________________(What BPR method uses the improvement
identification steps shown below?)
Consider desirable outcomes from customers’ perspectiveConsider what the organization could enable the customer to do
Slide 16
__________________(What BPR method uses the improvement
identification steps shown below?)
Identify fundamental business rulesSystematically break each ruleIdentify effects on the business if rule is broken
Slide 17
Technology Analysis
Analysts list important and interesting technologiesManagers list important and interesting technologiesThe group identifies how each might be applied to the business
Slide 18
Activity Elimination
Identify what would happen if each organizational activity were eliminatedUse “force-fit” to test all possibilities
Slide 19
Proxy Benchmarking
List similar industriesLook for techniques from other industries that could be applied by the organization
Slide 20
Process Simplification
Eliminate complexity from routine transactionsConcentrate separate processes on exception handling
Slide 21
Developing an Analysis Strategy
Key factors in selecting appropriate analysis strategy:
Potential business valueProject costBreadth of analysisRisk
Slide 22
Characteristics of Analysis Strategies
Business Business BusinessProcess Process ProcessAutomation Improvement Reeingineering (BPA) (BPI) (BPR)
Potential Business Low-Moderate Moderate HighValue
Project Cost Low Low-Moderate High
Breadth of Analysis Narrow Narrow-Moderate Very Broad
Risk Low-Moderate Low-Moderate Very High
Slide 23
Evaluating proposed IT systems
Methods of evaluating proposed IT systems:
cost-benefit analysisrisk analysiscapital investment analysis
Slide 24
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Slide 25
Risk Analysis
Slide 26
Disaster Recovery Spending
Slide 27
Your Turn
How do you know whether to use business process automation, business process improvement, or business process reengineering? Provide examples.What will you use for your term project?
Slide 28
Avoid Classic Analysis Mistakes
Reduced analysis timeRequirement gold-plating
User over-specification of features
Developer gold-platingToo many “cool” features
Lack of user involvement
Management
UserDevelopers
IT projects success
partnership model
Slide 29
Summary
The analysis process aims to create value for the organizationThree main analysis strategies are BPA, BPI, and BPRThese strategies vary in potential business value, but also in potential cost and riskThree main analysis techniques are root cause, informal benchmarking, and breaking assumptions