Systemic Thinking (for a TOC Audience) March 2013

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Systemic (Pattern) Thinking

By Gary Bartlett

http://prodsol.com|http://systemicthinking.com|http://patternthinking.com|http://prodsol-online.com

Orientation

Systemic Thinking (known in non-practitioner circles as Pattern Thinking) is a simple technique for

making sense of and transforming challenging situations, by identifying the single repeating

interaction-pattern thats hidden in plain sight within the situation and intervening at the pattern-

level, situation-wide.

Its a derivative of the TOC 3-Cloud Method in combination with key elements of other system

science and cognitive science techniques like TRIZ, Systems Thinking, NLP and Lateral Thinking.

Where it all started

I stumbled on Critical Chain in 1997. It blew my mind! I read everything I could on TOC. Did a Jonah

Programme. Applied TOC to everything. Perhaps you can relate?

I thought that TOC was the solution to everything, but felt that it was too technical for and

inaccessible to the average corporate exec. And it didnt have many ready-made solutions for

white-collar workers.

So I set about enhancing and simplifying it in order to make it more suitable and accessible to

executives and organisations in white-collar industries. In the process, I came across other way-cool

methodologies, like Systems Dynamics and Systems Thinking; TRIZ and ASIT; NLP and Tony Robbins;

Lateral Thinking and Creative Thinking and integrated the key elements of all of them into a single,

way more powerful method.

Going backwards to go forwards

However, in spite of having made each methodology more accessible and compelling and increasing

overall intervention power, the integrated method was at least as complex, technical and

inaccessible as each of the individual technologies was on its own. This was not what I was after! I

was getting exceptional results, though, and so was invited to present at the International

Conference on Thinking with the likes of Edward De Bono and Peter Senge.

My wife, Lynne, and I struggled for weeks to work out how to convey the method in an easily

accessible and memorable way within a 40-minute presentation. I wanted to do the genius of

each of the methodologies justice, but was going round in circles. It didnt help that advocates and

practitioners of each methodology were adversarial to, competitive with and dismissive of the other

technologies!

A flash of insight

I was struck with a blinding flash of insight one morning, however, as the final paper submission date

loomed closer: what if I was battling because I was trying to distinguish between the various

methods when, in reality, they were more similar, than they were different? What if they were
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actually versions of the same deeper insight? After all, they are all addressing the same things:

the interactions that drive and constrain performance. This was a shock because, until then, Id

viewed them as compatible at some level, but uniquely and distinctly brilliant. I still think that. They

are uniquely and distinctly brilliant. But perhaps this is because they are mapping slightly different

perspectives on an even deeper, simpler and more amazing reality?

The more we thought about it, the more obvious it became and the more evidence emerged to

support the idea. They were all versions of a deeper, simpler, even more powerful and accessible

insight. How could it have taken me so long to realise that they had more in common than in

difference? It was so obvious, in hindsight and yet so elusive in foresight.

Was there perhaps similarity and commonality elsewhere in the chaos of our complex world that our

civilisation is blind to, for some reason?

Confirmation

Well, it turns out that there was is. A lot of it! Moreimportantly from a scientific method point of view

we were unable to find a single case in which there

wasnt a single underlying interaction-pattern. (This

remains true todayalthough, as youd expect, some

of the interaction patterns are difficult to describe

without inventing new terms.)

Even better, these interaction patterns were easier to

find than we had thought they would be once you got

the hang of it.Not only was there commonality that had been invisible

to us before (and presumably to others and, possibly,

to the whole of our society), but this commonality

repeated throughout and across domains that had

previously been siloed in our thinking.

Was isour society so obsessed with difference that its blind to similarity and commonality?

The Fractal Phenomenon

We call the discovery, The Fractal Phenomenon and define it as:

Challenging situations are driven by a single interaction-pattern that

repeats at different levels throughout the entire situation.

(Fractals are geometric patterns that repeat at different levels of

magnification think of a fern or honeycomb.)

By the way, the popular name for the Fractal Phenomenon is The

Repeating-Pattern Phenomenon.

It seems, unsurprisingly, that repeating pattern resonates far more strongly within our brains than

Fractal Phenomenon and so makes the concept far more accessible, appealing and memorable.

Why dont we see patterns automatically?

I think its because our societys primary

thinking tool is analysis breaking

challenging things apart until we can make

sense of them.

Were taught to analyse everything from an

early age. From kindergarten days were

focused on difference, not similarity: Were

often asked Whats the difference between

2 and 3?but never, Whats the same

about 2 and 3?

This makes the interaction patterns even

more invisible to us.

(I think that there are deeper, physiological

reasons, but I wont speculate on that in this

article!)


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Systemic Thinking

The next step in our journey was to create a simple, step-by-step method for finding the single

interaction-pattern driving a particular situation. We called the method Systemic Thinking (meaning

situation-wide repeating pattern thinking). Its quite simple, really:

1. List the elements problems, solutions,options or any other interaction type or

element youre looking for.

2. Surface the common themes across theelements and

3. Find the repeating pattern across thethemes.

This method is applied both to diagnosis (determining

what interaction-pattern is driving the situation) and intervention (working out how to change the

interaction-pattern to change the situation as required). The general case is problem-pattern then

solution-pattern, as depicted below:

The popular free Smartphone App, 4 Pics 1 Word, illustrates the concept beautifully. Check it out!

It may be a simple technique, but dont expect it to be easy at first! Sometimes it takes hours and

even days or weeks to find the single repeating pattern. In most situations, however, it takes

under an hour to come up with your first satisfactory version of the single repeating interaction- and

intervention-patterns, once youve got the hang of it.

The trick is to suspend your disbelief that there is a single pattern. Until you do that, you wont be

able to bring yourself to really look for one. Looking for patterns is different from looking for other

things because, with patterns, you only know what youre looking for, once youve found it.

The human brain is really a pattern recognition and application engine Systemic Thinking merely

provides a simple framework and process for turbo-charging our natural capability to see patterns

and use them to intervene effectively, at the pattern level.

By the way, we gave Systemic thinking a popular name as well: Pattern Thinking for the same

reasons as with the Fractal Phenomenon: to make the concept more accessible, appealing and

memorable. I suggest you do the same! Ill use these terms for the rest of the article to make it

easier for you to remember them, too.


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The GPS (Goal|Problem|Solution) Interaction Pattern

Goal|Problem|Solution (GPS) is a universal strategy framework (fractal). It's a simple but very

powerful way of creating strategic focus and alignment in challenging situations and in achieving

challenging objectives.

The GPS Model

Goal Pattern: The Goal element of the

GPS articulates the ultimate state sought

for all parties in the challenging

situation we're seeking to address.

The Goal Pattern is the repeating pattern

across all of the outcomes sought for all

of the parties concerned, immediately and into the future.

Problem Pattern: The Problem element of the GPS articulates the fundamental problem that all

parties face in achieving the ultimate state sought. The Problem Pattern is the repeating pattern

across all of the challenges and issues each party faces in achieving the Goal Pattern immediately

and into the future.

Solution Pattern: The Solution element of the GPS defines the universal breakthrough solution that

will solve the fundamental problem we're facing and secure the ultimate state we're seeking. The

Solution Pattern is the repeating pattern across all of the solution ideas for overcoming the Problem

Pattern (and local instances of it) and achieving the Goal Pattern.

GPS Origins

GPS is a simplified version of the repeating pattern across the primary intervention patterns in

dynamically-complex adaptive systems. (Seehttp://systemicthinking.com/strategy-fractals.html for

enhanced versions of the GPS Strategy Pattern.)

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See

http://systemicthinking.com/interaction-

types.htmlfor the pattern-finding

methods for each of these intervention-

pattern fractals.
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Functional Area GPS Examples

One of the best ways to grow pattern-finding capability is to get familiar with existing patterns:

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General GPS Examples

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Using Pattern Thinking with other models

Pattern Thinking can be used with nearly

every model you can think of, like SWOT,

4P, 5S and 7S you name it.

It sometimes takes a little thought to work

out what the elements need to be and

some of the more complex analytical

models arent easy to find patterns across,

but it often turns out to be easier than you thought it would be.

Limitations of Pattern Thinking

Please understand that Pattern Thinking merely generates significantly deeper insights into

situations. It doesnt guarantee ultimate insight.

Insight is fundamentally physiological and we all start at different places, so its unreasonable to

expect a novice to arrive at the same level of insight as an expert or seasoned professional. There is,

in any event, probably no limit to the mastery one can gain over truly challenging situations, so

expecting an ultimate insight is perhaps nave!

Expect to be surprised, thoughwhether youre a novice or an expert at how Systemic thinking

deepens your insight.

Implications of the Repeating-Pattern Phenomenon & Pattern Thinking

1. The ability to develop simple, counter-intuitive breakthrough solutions on-demandBecause interaction-patterns repeat at all levels within the situation and solutions are

merely instances of a deeper, simpler and more profound solution any solution idea, no

matter how inadequate, is really an instance of the deeper solution.

This means that the deeper solution can be surfaced by repeatedly finding the pattern

across solution ideas. (Think 12-Cloud applied repeatedly to the solution domain). Every

solution idea no matter how inadequate contains an essence of merit, or it wouldnt

have even been thought of in the first place. Combine and find the repeating pattern across

three or more inadequate solutions, and youre triangulating on a deeper solution that is

currently invisible to you.

Do this a few times in succession and youre in breakthrough territory relative to your

starting intuition, at least!

2. The potential for Pattern-level (Systemic) InterventionPattern-Level Intervention is intervening in the challenging situation at the pattern-level

(throughout the entire situation at once), rather than at only a single point. It enables one

to effect change massively throughout the entire situation by making small changes to the

interaction-pattern thats driving the situation, wherever that interaction-pattern occurs

within the situation.

Think of it as changing the DNA of the situation.


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3. Quicker, easier and more reliable validation of the Intervention SolutionChecking an intervention solution for sufficiency is far easier than with non-systemic

intervention, because any interactions or patterns that dont follow the interaction-pattern

youve identified are indicators that you havent found the universal pattern for the

situation, yet. Once every interaction and interaction-pattern fits the universal interaction-pattern, you can be confident that the intervention will be effective.

But there is an even more telling test of solution-power and effectiveness: The Serendipity

Test. The Serendipity Test is merely looking for evidence that the intervention-pattern

youve designed addresses additional issues and challenges that you hadnt previously

identified or targeted. The level of serendipity you encounter is an indicator of solution-

power: the more serendipity, the deeper the pattern-insight and the more powerful the

intervention solution because it is obviously at a deep enough level to address an even

broader range of elements than it was designed against.

4. Quicker and easier enhancement of insightsPattern Thinking allows insights whether diagnostic insights into the current interaction-

pattern or intervention-insights into what is needed to change the interaction-pattern to

be upgraded and enhanced very quickly and easily. Merely add the new elements to the

elements list and follow the same steps as before, in order to refine the universal

interaction-pattern and intervention-pattern to reflect the newly identified elements that

either hadnt exhibited before or were missed for some reason.

Intervention insights are really a continuum (in that todays solutions are tomorrows

diagnostics), so its an ongoing process but, as you can see, is hardly laborious at all, incomparison with most other techniques.

5. The potential for Pattern-Level CollaborationIt is way easier to orchestrate the collaboration people, independently and collectively, once

they understand the instance of the single interaction-pattern driving their part of the

situation.

This enables diverse and dispersed groups of people to bring about quick and massive

situational change because it enables them to work in concert to change the

asymmetry/bias of the system/situation, without a high level of direct coordination or

even a high level of precision. This happens almost automatically.

6. A widening of the Intervention WindowThe intervention window for systemic intervention is way larger than for non-systemic

intervention, because pattern-level intervention doesnt require the level of precision,

timing, coordination and synchronisation that non-systemic interventions require.

Better precision, timing, coordination and synchronisation do translate to faster and truer

situation transformation, but pattern-level intervention is far more fault-tolerant and self-

healing than single-point, non-systemic intervention, because the intervention-pattern is

effective pre-emptively, responsively and reparatively.


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Tribute to TOC

Neither the Repeating-Pattern Phenomenon nor the Pattern Thinking technique would have been

discovered if it wasnt for the Theory of Constraints: both the fundamental TOC concept, which Im

sure is evident to you throughout this article and the 3-Cloud Method, which Im sure you can see is

fundamental to the Pattern Thinking Process. The standard solutions, are, of course interventionpatterns and they all follow the fundamental TOC concept and the 5 Step Method.

In a real sense, none of the many dozens of solutions weve developed over the last 12 years using

Systemic Thinking and the tools and techniques weve developed using it, would exist without the

starting platform TOC gave us.

Standing on the shoulders of the giants who are standing on the shoulders of giants

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Systemic Thinking (for a TOC Audience) March 2013