System Software: Operating Systems and Utility Programs Chapter 5

System Software: Operating Systems and Utility Programs

Chapter 5

2

Overview

This chapter covers: Differences between system software and

application software Functions of and differences among operating

systems Various types of operating systems Functions of and various types of utility programs A look at the possible future of operating systems

SOFTWARE

SYSTEM SOFTWAREAPPLICATION SOFTWARE

OPERATING SYSTEM

UTILITIES

The operating system and utility programs that control how a computer works and allow you to use your computer

Programs that allow you to perform specific tasks on a computer

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

System Software and Application Software

SYSTEM SOFTWARE

4

Starts and runs the computer Finds monitors, printers Displays desktop Launches applications Manages files (storage) Controls hardware

configuration Protects from

unauthorized use Backup/recovery

Word processing Playing a game Preparing taxes Surfing the Web Listening to our iPOD’s Watching movies

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

5

System Software: The Operating System

Operating system: A collection of programs that manage and coordinate the activities taking place within a computer system Acts as the

intermediary (middleman)between the user and thecomputer

Stored in theWINDOWS folder

6

Functions of an Operating System

Interfacing with users Command line vs. graphical user

interface (GUI) Too many icons on your desktop

can slow your computer down

7


Booting the computer Kernel is loaded into memory Processes are started msconfig used to control startup of processes

Configuring devices Device drivers are often needed Plug and Play devices are recognized automatically

8


Managing resources and jobs Makes resources available to devices Monitors for problems Scheduling routines

File management Keeps track of files stored

on computer Hierarchical format

Security Passwords Biometric characteristics Firewalls

9

Processing Techniques forIncreased Efficiency

The need for speed 3 M ‘s:

Multi-tasking The ability of an operating system to have more than one

program (task) open at one time Multi-threading

The ability to rotate between the steps with a task (called threads) so that processing is completed faster and more efficiently

Multi-processing The ability of the operating system to support Multiple

processors (or multiple cores) performs work more efficiently, by each core taking a task, or

each core splitting up a task

10


The need for speed Memory management: Optimizing the use of main

memory (RAM) Virtual memory: Memory-management technique that

uses hard drive space as additional RAM

11


The need for speed Buffering and spooling: Used with printers and

other peripheral devices Buffer: area in RAM or on the hard drive designated to hold

input and output on their way in or out of the system Spooling: placing items in a buffer so they can be retrieved

by the appropriate device when needed


Review 2 TYPES of software? Functions of Operating System? GUI? Buffer and Spool? What are the 3 “M”’s What is memory management? What are the main security features?

13

Operating Systems

Personal operating system Used by us Designed to be installed on a single computer In business, can connect to a Network server

Network Server operating system Used by businesses Designed to be installed on a special computer called a

network server

Mobile operating systems Used in small devices, like phones, tablets

Embedded operating systems Used in non-computing devices, like Cars, GPS

14

Server Operating Systems

15

Differences Among Operating Systems

Operating Systems are built for technology/hardware Types of CPU’s (processors) supported

Desktop, Mobile, Server, etc. Number of processors (single, multiple) 32-bit or 64-bit CPUs (64 bit is now standard) Support for other technologies

New types of buses (makes it speedy!) Power-saving features (keeps the electric bill down) Touch and gesture input (easy input)

16

Operating Systems for Personal Computers

DOS: Disk Operating System PC-DOS: Created originally for IBM

microcomputers MS-DOS: used with IBM-compatible computers DOS traditionally used a command-line interface Can enter DOS commands in Windows


GUI Operating Systems


Windows Operating Systems (Microsoft)Personal (predominate)

Windows 1.x (DOS) Windows 2.0 (DOS) Windows 3.x (DOS,GUI) Windows 95 (no DOS) Windows 98 Windows NT (32 bit) Windows ME (home networks) Windows 2000 (wireless) Windows XP Windows Vista Windows 7 Windows 8

Server

Windows 2000 Windows 2003 Windows 2008 Windows Home Server

(2011)

Windows 2012

16 bit, ran on 186, 286,386, Pentium 1,11 III CPU’s

32 bit, Pentium IV CPU’s

64 bit, I3,I5,I7 CPU’s


Unix Operating Systems

UNIX

MAC OS (Apple machines) Based on the UNIX operating

system Originally set the standard for

graphical user interfaces Most recent personal version

Mac OS X Mavericks Traditionally code names based

on big cats (cheetah, puma, jaguar, panther, tiger, leopard, snow leopard and lion)

New features like Time Machine, Stacks, Quick Look, Boot Camp

MAC

Unix late 1960s for midrange

servers Bell Laboratories

Linux Much less expensive

than Windows or Mac OS Open Source Linus Torvald


Mobile Operating Systems

Windows Mobile Designed for mobile phones

Look and feel of desktop versions Windows Embedded

Designed for consumer and industrial devices that are not personal computers Cash register, GPS devices, ATMs,

medical devices and robots. Windows Automotive and Microsoft

Auto for cars Ford Sync

Android Linux based OS developed by

Open Handset Alliance (including Google)

Code names based on deserts!(froyo, gingerbread, honeycomb, ice cream sandwich, Jelly bean, KitKat)

iPhone OS Designed for Apple Mobile

phones and mobile devices. BlackBerry Operating System

Designed for BlackBerry devices Palm OS and Palm webOS

Designed for Palm devices Symbian OS

Designed for use with smart phones like Nokia

Other mobile devices Use Embedded Linux

GPS devices, appliances

21

Larger Computer Operating Systems

Larger computers sometimes use operating systems designed solely for that type of computer IBM’s z/OS and i/5OS run on IBM mainframes UniSys OS-2200 run on UniSys mainframes

Windows, UNIX, and Linux are also used with both mainframes and supercomputers Sun Solaris, HP UX, IBM AIX FYI: Linux computers can be linked together to

form a supercomputing cluster


Review What are the two forms of DOS? What are the 3 main PC operating systems? What is the name of the file management utility in

a Windows operating system? What are the two main types of software? S___ and

A__ The first type has two categories: O___ and U___

Which of the above performs “back-ups”? Which one protects the PC from illegal use?

The need for speed: What are the “3 M’s” What is virtual memory? Where is it? What is buffering and spooling?

23

Utility Programs

Utility program Software that performs a specific task, related to

managing or maintaining the computer system Many utilities are built into operating systems

File Management Search Diagnostic Disk Management Backup

Utilities are also available as stand-alone products and as suites

24

File Management Programs

File management Utilities: Enable the user to perform file management tasks, such as: Looking at the contents of a storage medium Copying, moving, and renaming files and folders Deleting files and folders File management program in Windows is Windows

Explorer (Computer)

25

Utility Programs

Search tools: Designed to search for files on the user’s hard drive

Diagnostic programs: Evaluate your system and make recommendations for

fixing any errors found Disk management programs:

Diagnose and repair problems related to your hard drive

Uninstall utilities: Remove programs from your hard drive without

leaving bits and pieces behind

Clean up utilities: Delete temporary files

26

Utility Programs

Backup and recovery utilities: Make the backup and restoration process easier Backup: Duplicate copy of data or other

computer content Good backup procedures are critical for

businesses Individuals should back up important

documents, e-mail, photos, home video, etc.

Store backup data on a CD or DVD, second hard drive, flash memory drive, or upload to the Internet

Back up your entire computer once all programs have been installed, so your system can be restored to that configuration.

27

The Future of Operating Systems

Will continue to become more user-friendly Will eventually be driven primarily by a voice

interface Likely to continue to become more stable and

self-healing Will likely continue to include improved

security features and to support multiple processors and other technological improvements

May be used primarily to access software available through the Internet or other networks


Review What was the very first operating system for a

personal computer called? Are operating systems today text-based? What does the term “user interface” mean? How many versions of Microsoft Windows are

there? What are the 2 most recent versions of

Windows? What are some of the things utility programs do? Are utility programs built into the operating

system? Are utility programs sold separately?

Documents

System Software: Operating Systems and Utility Programs Chapter 5