System for Monitoring and Fall Detection of Patients---IEEE2011

7/31/2019 System for Monitoring and Fall Detection of Patients---IEEE2011

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SYSTEM FOR MONITORING AND FALL DETECTION OF PATIENTS

USING MOBILE 3-AXIS ACCELEROMETERS SENSORS, IEEE – 2011.

AIM:

In this project system for monitoring and fall detection of patients using tri-axial

accelerometer together with Zigbee transceiver to detect fall of patients.

PURPOSE:

The system is composed of data acquisition, fall detection and database for analysis. Tri-axial accelerometer is used for human position movement tracking and fall detection. The system

is capable of monitoring patients in real time and on the basis of results another important

parameters of patient can be deducted: the quality of therapy, the time spent on different

activities, the joint movement, etc.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

TRANSMITTER SECTION:




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RECEVIER SECTION:

DESCRIPTION:

MICRO

CONTROLLER

LCDZIGBEE

PC POWER SUPPLY

MICRO

CONTROLLER

ACCELEROMETER ZIGBEE

LCD

POWER SUPPLY




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Falls are one of the leading health problems in the elderly community. They can occur in

home as well as in hospitals or in the long-term care institutions. Falls increase risk for serious

injuries, chronic pain, long-term disability, and loss of independence, psychological and social

limitations due to institutionalization. Nearly 50% of older adults hospitalized for fall-related

injuries are discharged to nursing homes or long-term care facilities. A fall can cause

psychological damage even if the person did not suffer a physical injury. Those who fall often

experience decrease activities of daily living and self-care due to fear of falling again. This

behavior decreases their mobility, balance and fitness and leads to reduced social interactions

and increased depression.

The mortality rate for falls increases progressively with age. Falls caused 57% of deaths

due to injuries among females and 36% of deaths among males, age 65 and older. Majority of

falls result from an interaction between multiple long-term and short-term factors in person’s

environment. Common risk factors include problems with balance and stability, arthritis, muscle

weakness, multiple medications therapy, depressive symptoms, cardiac disorders, stroke,

impairment in cognition and vision. Detection of a fall possibly leading to injury in timely

manner is crucial for providing adequate medical response and care. Present fall detection

systems can be categorized under one of the following groups:

• User activated alarm systems (wireless tags),

• Floor vibration-based fall detection,

• Wear able sensors (contact sensors and switches, sensors for heart rate and temperature,

Accelerometers, gyroscopes),

• Acoustic fall detection,

• Visual fall detection.

The most common method for fall detection is using a tri-axial accelerometers or bi-axial

gyroscopes. Accelerometer is a device for measuring acceleration, but is also used to detect free

fall and shock, movement, speed and vibration. Using the threshold algorithms while measuring




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changes in acceleration in each direction, it is possible do detect falls with very high accuracy.

Using two or more tri-axial accelerometers and combining them with gyroscopes at different

body locations it is possible to recognize several kinds of postures (sitting, standing, etc.) and

movements, thereby detecting falls with much better accuracy. An easy and simple method to

detect fall detection of patients is using accelerometer together with Zigbee transceiver to

communicate with Monitoring System through wireless network, and in this paper a system for

monitoring and fall detection of patients using mobile MEMS accelerometers will be presented.

TECHNOLOGY:

ZIGBEE:

Zigbee is new wireless technology guided by IEEE 802.15.4 Personal Area Network

standard. It is primarily designed for the wide range controlling applications and to replace the

existing non-standard technologies. It currently operates in 868 MHz band at a data rate of

20Kbps in Europe, 914MHz band at 40kbps in USA, and the 2.4GHz ISM bands Worldwide at a

maximum data-rate of 250kbps. It is used to verify whether user’s truncation is possible or not.

One of the main advantages of this ZIGBEE communication is that it provides a noise free

communication, the amount of noise added in this type of communication is very less compared

to the other wireless communications.

MEMS:

Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is the integration of mechanical elements,

sensors, actuators, and electronics on a common silicon substrate through micro fabrication

technology. While the electronics are fabricated using integrated circuit (IC) process sequences

(e.g., CMOS, Bipolar, or BICMOS processes), the micromechanical components are fabricated

using compatible "micromachining" processes that selectively etch away parts of the silicon

wafer or add new structural layers to form the mechanical and electromechanical devices.




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MEMS promises to revolutionize nearly every product category by bringing together

silicon-based microelectronics with micromachining technology, making possible the realization

of complete systems-on-a-chip. MEMS is an enabling technology allowing the development of

smart products, augmenting the computational ability of microelectronics with the perception

and control capabilities of micro sensors and micro actuators and expanding the space of possible

designs and applications.

Microelectronic integrated circuits can be thought of as the "brains" of a system and

MEMS augments this decision-making capability with "eyes" and "arms", to allow

Microsystems to sense and control the environment. Sensors gather information from the

environment through measuring mechanical, thermal, biological, chemical, optical, and magneticphenomena. The electronics then process the information derived from the sensors and through

some decision making capability direct the actuators to respond by moving, positioning,

regulating, pumping, and filtering, thereby controlling the environment for some desired

outcome or purpose. Because MEMS devices are manufactured using batch fabrication

techniques similar to those used for integrated circuits, unprecedented levels of functionality,

reliability, and sophistication can be placed on a small silicon chip at a relatively low cost.

HARDWARE:

1. Micro Controllers

2. Accelerometer

3. Zigbee

4. Power supply

SOFTWARES:

1. Embedded C




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CONTACT: +91-- 9491535690, +91-- 7842358459

2. Keil µvision

3. Flash magic

4. Express PCB

RESULT:

Hence, Experiment shows the system for monitoring and fall detection of patients using

3-axial accelerometer together with Zigbee transceiver to detect fall of patients. The system is

composed of data acquisition, fall detection.

Documents

System for Monitoring and Fall Detection of Patients---IEEE2011