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Individual Level:
“All individuals are, in some respects, like no other individuals.”
Group Level:
“All individuals are, in some respects, like some other individuals.”
Universal Level:“All individuals are, in some respects, like all other individual.”
(Sue & Sue,2003)
Adjustment and adaptation
Honeymoon
Crisis / cultural shock
Adjustment / recovery
Preparation / anxiety
Reentry shock
The W-Curve of Intercultural sojourningBased on Oberg (1960)
- Preparation - Curiosity- Anxiety - Expectations- Doubts - Farewells
Adjustment and adaptation Honeymoon
Crisis /cultural shock
Adjustment / recovery
Preparation / anxiety Reentry
shock The W-Curve of Intercultural sojourning
Based on Oberg (1960)
1. Preparation (visa, paper work, flights, housing, finances, registration).
2. Information (procedures, steps, regulations, checklists).
3. Clear goals.
4. Communication.
5. Self evaluation.
6. Open-minded attitude.
- Getting settled- Fascination
- Curiosity - Anxiety
- Confusion- Change
Adjustment and adaptation Honeymoon
Crisis /cultural shock
Adjustment / recovery
Preparation / anxiety
Reentry shock
The W-Curve of Intercultural sojourningBased on Oberg (1960)
1. Language
2. Locations
3. Organization, regulations, procedures
4. Social interactions
5. Decision Making
- Homesick- Academic challenges - Confusion - Loneliness - Anxiety - Negativity
Adjustment and adaptation Honeymoon
Crisis /cultural shock
Adjustment / recovery
Preparation / anxiety Reentry
shock The W-Curve of Intercultural sojourning
Based on Oberg (1960)
1. Social support
2. Understanding
3. Guidance
4. Contact with family and friends
5. Listening and learning
6. Getting to know more about the University, places, people, culture
7. Getting involve
8. Goals setting
- Learning and better understanding of self and new
culture
- Stability – familiarity
- Satisfaction and personal growth
- More stability
- Better understanding
- More energy and focus
Adjustment and adaptation Honeymoon
Crisis /cultural shock
Adjustment / recovery
Preparation / anxiety Reentry
shock The W-Curve of Intercultural sojourning
Based on Oberg (1960)
1. Decision making2. Changes3. Paper work4. Anxiety 5. Readjustment6. Re-entry 7. Expectations
Adjustment and adaptation Honeymoon
Crisis /cultural shock
Adjustment / recovery
Preparation / anxiety Reentry
shock The W-Curve of Intercultural sojourning
Based on Oberg (1960)
1. Information
2. Evaluation
3. Goal setting
4. Readjustments
5. Decision making
6. Change and readiness
Adjustment and adaptation Honeymoon
Crisis /cultural shock
Adjustment / recovery
Preparation / anxiety Reentry
shock The W-Curve of Intercultural sojourning
Based on Oberg (1960)
Cultural Shock Language Academics Family and friends Decision making Organization – living
arrangements Social interactions Future planning Adjustment
Approachability Visibility Contact Information Resources Guidance Encouragement Support Feedback Time
Self Awareness (own biases, attitudes and believes).
Knowledge (exposure to cultures, open mind, information).
Skills (active listening, respect, acceptance). (Sue & Sue,2003)
Google images. Retrieved on April 13th 2011. http://www.google.com/imghp.
McGoldrick, M. (1998). Re-Visioning family therapy: Race, culture and gender in clinical practice. New York: The Guilford Press.
Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2003). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice (4th ed). New York: John Wiley & sons.
Torres Rivera, E. (2005). Multicultural Counseling Class, Lecture Notes.
