Synthesis and Transformation

8/11/2019 Synthesis and Transformation

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Synthesis and Transformation is a VERY EASY SECTION!

Synthesishas the idea of combining things.

Transformationhas the idea of changing the form of something.

The most important rule is: the sentence which you write must bethe SAME IN MEANING to the original sentences given.

In this section, 2 sentences are joined to become one, and the forms

of expression are changed.

Adverbs, prepositions and conjunctions used to rephrase.

Common adverbs include: But, Fortunately, Therefore, In order to

Common prepositions include: So, After, Besides, By, Despite

Common conjunctions include: Because, And, Eitheror, Neithernor

One question will require you to transform a direct speech into anindirect expression. i.e. to ..(without ).

Sentences need to be sound grammatically, so use commas (,) tomake sure sentences sound ok. And if no full stops are given at theend, make sure you do not forget to put one!

The examples shown next will be easily doable with just a bit

common sense


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Some examples:

1) The child did not come home. His mother looked worried.___________________________________________ because_______________________________________________________ .

Thought:What is because used for? Its used to give the reason for somethinghappening.In this case, why did the mother look worried? Because the child didnot come home.What forms of words do I need to change to make sure grammaticallythe sentence is alright? His mother to the childs mother, and the childto her child.

Answer: The childs mother looked worried because her child did notcome home.

2) She dislikes the way Jared behaves. She dislikes the way Mikebehaves.

_______________________________________________________________________________ both ___________________________ .

____________________________________________ neither_____________ nor ______________________________________ .

3) It had not rained for days. She brought an umbrella with her.Even though

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ .

________________________________________________________________ although ______________________________________ .


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4) Make sure you dont tell a lie! Something will grow longer!,warned Bennys teacher.

Bennys teacher______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ .

Thought:What kind of expression is given? Direct speech, so I need to rewritein indirect (or reported) speech.

Any forms of words I need to change?

Warned should not be changed, as this event happened in the past.

Will needs to be changed to would.

Dont must be changed to did not.

Answer: Bennys teacher warned that he did not tell / against tellinga lie, or something would grow longer.

5) He cries like a baby. His toys are taken away from him.________________________________________________________________ therefore ______________________________________ .

6) He was late. He sneaked into the school through a hole in thefence.

__________________________________________________ so______________________________________________________ .

Despite______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ .

_________________________________________________________________________ because ______________________________ .


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Rules of thumb to follow:Make sure the sentences do not sound funny.

Put a comma when you feel that a pause should be given whilereading that portion of the sentence.

Write in the past tense if the original sentences are in the past, andpresent tense if the original sentences are in the present.

From direct to indirect speech, write the indirect expression in pasttense, and change the words in speech in present to past.

Check that a full stop is at the end of every sentence.

Check for spelling mistakes

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Synthesis and Transformation