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Symbolism1880-1910
Klimt,Pallas Athene, 1898•decadence, opulence•paint is the carrier of symbolic meaning •Athena usually holds figure of Nike (Victory) but this Athena holds a woman with a mirror, for modern man to see his reflection
Fin de
Siecle Styles
Art Nouveau1890-1905
What artists of the past can we think of who used symbolismto interject meaning into their artwork?
Botticelli
Durer
Fusili
Giorgione
Bosch
Wagnerian heroic symbolism also had a huge impact on many artists
Gustave Moreau1826-98
“the beauty of inertia”love of symbolism of Hindu art
The Apparition, 1874Salome viewing the head of John the Baptist
Jupiter and Semele, 1878…she dies by seeing great god
But the “New Symbolism” of the turn of the centuryrejected representations of:
virtuemoralityprogresshistoryseascapesdomestic animalsstill lifeorientalismrealismrationalism
X
What was left?
“Suggestion, that is the Dream…”
To the Symbolists, great art should be:•ideative (stating an idea)•symbolist (the idea comes in a form)•synthetic (the idea is generally recognizable)•subjective (as seen through the artist and interpreted through the viewer)•decorative (visually suggestive and interesting)
De Chevannes, The Dream, 1893
Odilon Redonlooked through the
microscope of the mindto create his images
Crying Spider, 1881Guardian Spirit of the Waters, 1874
Cyclops, 1914
Henri RousseauSleeping Gypsy, 1897
•personal fantasy•sleeping subconscious•also naïve, also fauve
Poet Rimbaud, in 1874: “To be a seer, you must be deranged”
Paul Gauguin, Vision after the Sermon, 1888
Heroes of the Symbolist movement (coming from many different “schools”) were:
Edvard MunchNorwegian
Yes, he could be called an Expressionist,but Symbolism also applies…emotion andsubject matter are intertwined
Madonna, 1902
The Cry, 1893
Paul Serusierpart of the Nabi (“prophet”) School of paintersthat included Vuillard and Denis
“I believe in a last judgement where...
(Romantics, showing sentiment, will all go
to hell)... while the faithful disciples of
Great Art will be glorified and
surrounded by…rays, perfumes and
melodious sounds…for all eternity in the
divine source of harmony.”---Wagner
Interestedin theendless,not the immediate
Talisman, 1888
Gustav Klimtan Art Nouveau artistfrom Austria --- the Secessionistswho saw beauty in the dream
The Kiss, 1907
Aubrey Beardsleyan Art Nouveau artist
from England,sometimes referred toas a “decadent artist”
who leaned on theoccult and mystical
in his graphic designs
Paganismwas experiencing a revival
now that Darwin had openedthe debate of the origin of
mankind
Peacock Skirt, 1893
Art Nouveau1890-1914
Gesamtkunstwerk!!
Unified art
Art is in everything
…furniture, clothing,
fabrics, jewelry,
buildings
Lalique’s Dragonfly Pin
Art Nouveau was a concerted attempt to create an international style based on
decoration
“The New Art”
.
Art Nouveau was a response to theIndustrial Revolution.Some artists were excited by the new materials and potential of the Industrial Age, while others feared the destruction of culture and beauty with the emergence of mass production.
Japanese art, with its beautiful,
flowing lines and focus on nature,
was inspiration for the Art Nouveau movement
Hiroshige, Plum Estate, One Hundred Famous Views of Edo, 1856Lautrec’s copy is on the right; Edo=Tokyo
Hokusai, Waterfall, 1832
The Paris Exhibition of 1900A mammoth, chaotic event, the Universal International Exhibition held in Paris in 1900 was a late celebration of nineteenth-century values, imperialism and eclecticism. It included displays of real live “natives” from African colonies compete with camels and exotic animals.
But the exhibition was also intended to look forward to the new century: an elevated electric railway surrounded the site, and it held examples of what the general public considered to be the last word in modern architecture and design, epitomized by Art Nouveau.
A true international style, Art Nouveau stretched itself around the world
Louis Tiffany (American, 1848-1933)
Louis Sullivan (American, 1856-1924)
Antonio Gaudí (Spanish, 1852-1926)
Alphonse Mucha (Czechoslovakian, 1860-1939)
Gustav Klimt (Austrian, 1862-1918)
Rene Lalique (French, 1860-1945)
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (French, 1861-1901)
Hector Guimard (French, 1867-1942)
Charles Mackintosh (Scottish, 1868-1928)
Aubrey Beardsley (English, 1872-1898)
Mucha bust, Czech
Guimard Metro sign, Paris
Mackintosh windowGlasgow
Zsolnay vase, 1899
Artists were inspired by the organic….
Galle, Dragonfly bowl, 1904
…including insects...
Tiffany Lamp
Furniture was part of the “Gestamkunstwerk” of Art Nouveau
Wallpaper, clothing and jewelry were organically designed
Louis TiffanyAmerican craftsman
stained glassjewelry
lamps, glassware
Art Nouveau posters and prints, inspired by Lautrec, displayed the elegance of the new, turn-of-the century art...
Toulouse Lautrec, 1890
Fin
Mucha,JOB cigarette paper poster, 1898