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SYMBIOSIS. How are our relationships comparable to ecology?. Interest Grabber. Fitting In. Section 4-2. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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SYMBIOSIS
How are our relationships comparable to ecology?
Fitting In
• Organisms not only live together in ecological communities, but they also constantly interact with one another. These interactions, which include predation and competition, help shape the ecosystem in which they live.
• 1. Based on your own experiences, define predation. Give one example of predation.
• 2. Based on your own experiences, define competition. Give one example of competition.
Section 4-2
Interest Grabber
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What is symbiosis?• Symbiosis: is a close ecological relationship between the
individuals of two (or more) different species. • Mutualism: cooperative relationship in which both species
derive some benefit.• Example: Pollination
• Parasitism: one individual known as the parasite, feeds on another individual, known as the host.
• Endoparasite- Internal• Ectoparasite- External• Commensalism: interaction in which one species benefits
and the other is not affected.
How do we understand Symbiosis?
• Every ecosystem has many different symbiotic relationships. Each fills a niche. All symbiotic relationships are specific to the organisms. You can’t replace one with another.
Parasites
Commensalism
1. An orchid lives on a tropical tree. It lives on the tree to reach the sunlight.
Mutualism 1. There is a bird, the Egyptian plover, which cleans
crocodile teeth by eating the left over food particles in the crocodile’s mouth.
Biotic Factors
ECOSYSTEM
Abiotic Factors
Section 4-2
Abiotic and Biotic Factors
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Habitat vs. Niche
• Habitat- place where an organism lives
• Niche- the use of its habitat and its function/ role in the community
Niche
• Fundamental niche- the entire range where an organism could survive.
• Realized niche- actual area in a community that an organism occupies due to competition.
Bay-Breasted WarblerFeeds in the middlepart of the tree
Yellow-Rumped WarblerFeeds in the lower part of the tree andat the bases of the middle branches
Cape May WarblerFeeds at the tips of branchesnear the top of the tree
Spruce tree
Section 4-2
Figure 4-5 Three Species of Warblers and Their Niches
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Biomagnification
Movement of toxin through a food chain.
Increases 10x/level
Fish-Eating BirdsMagnification ofDDT Concentration
10,000,000
100,000
10,000
1,000,000
1
1000
LargeFish
Small Fish
Zooplankton
Producers
Water
Section 6-3
Figure 6-16 Biological Magnification of DDT
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