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Newborn Dermatology Patrick McMahon, MD Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

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Page 1: SYM S062 - McMahon - 15389 12967 - aad.org S062... · • Scabies Rare: ... pathway • Burn possible from visible light. Bonus Case •7 days old with yellow crusting around the

Newborn Dermatology

Patrick McMahon, MDChildren’s Hospital of Philadelphia

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DISCLOSURES• No conflicts of interest

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APustules/Vesicles

BPapules/Nodules

CRash

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1‐2‐3 Approach to the Newborn1. Full term vs Premature

2. Congenital vs Neonatal

3. Morphology and location

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Baby BumpsTransient:• Neonatal pustular melanosis• Erythema toxicum neonatorum • Miliaria• Benign Cephalic Pustulosis (‘acne’)• Subcutaneous Fat NecrosisInfectious/infestation:• Candida• HSV/VZV• Bacterial infections• ScabiesRare: • Incontinentia pigmenti• Bullous mastocytosis• Neonatal lupus• Langerhan’s Cell Histiocytosis• Blueberry Muffin Baby• Congenital Leukemia or neuroblastoma

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CLUES: • Small pustules• Collarettes• Tan/brown macules

• No erythema• No crusting• No vesicles

Neonatal Pustular Melanosis

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Only for the “big babies”Miliaria Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum

Both rare in premature babies

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Neonatal Cephalic Pustulosis: “Neonatal Acne”

• Onset 2‐6 weeks• Monomorphouspustules on head, neck & shoulders

• Self‐resolves

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NICU CALLING…• 1 day old• Born at 30 weeks• Few pustules and 

papules on back• Fine scale• Erythema

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SEND SWABS

VIRAL PCR

BACTERIAL CULTURE

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Congenital Candida: Full‐Term

Day 1 Day 2: Pustules!

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Candida

• Congenital or neonatal• Full‐term or pre‐term• History of prolonged 

rupture of membranes

• Morphology: – Pustules and micropustules– Surrounding erythema– Collarettes of scale

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Congenital Candida: Pre‐term

• Can disseminate in premature infants

• Consider biopsy • Treat systemically

• Morphology clue: – Candida can be nodular or erosive

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Congenital Candidiasis

Photograph courtesy of Vikash Oza, MD

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Can you take a look at something on my newborn?• 4 day old• Healthy, full term• Pustules in groin• Surrounding 

erythema• Few papules

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Staphylococcal Pustulosis• Not congenital• Full‐term or pre‐term• Spreads rapidly

• Morphology: – Moist areas (groin/folds)– Isolated larger pustules– Surrounding erythema

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Staphylococcal Pustulosis• Culture• Consider HSV/VZV PCR if clustered, vesicular, punched out erosions

• Treatment:– Mupirocin ointment TID– Cephalexin BID x 10 days– Consider dilute bleach baths

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Neonatal Varicella Congenital HSV

Photograph courtesy of Paul Honig, MD

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Congenital Varicella• Full‐term or pre‐term• Maternal history of exposure • Morphology

– Widespread vesicles & some erosions

– Surrounding erythema– Rule out TORCH infections, 

bacterial infections and HSV– Consider bullous mastocytosis if 

cultures negative– Look for linear/blaschkoid pattern 

to screen for IncontinentiaPigmenti

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Incontinentia Pigmenti Bullous Mastocytosis

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APustules/Vesicles

BPapules/Nodules

CRash

DAll of the above

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Newborn Nursery Calling…• Full term newborn• Crusted papules• Some petechiae• No fever• WIDESPREAD!

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SEND SWABS

VIRAL PCR

BACTERIAL CULTURE

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Langerhan’s Cell Histiocytosis

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Langerhan’s Cell Histiocytosis• Cultures negative• Biopsy to confirm • Blood work and skeletal survey to complete work up

• Call oncology

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• Extramedullary hematopoiesis• Congenital • Sign of TORCH infection or 

hematologic abnormality 

• Morphology: – Blue, red or purple nodules– No surface change– Widespread

Blueberry Muffin Baby

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Blueberry Muffin Baby

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Neuroblastoma Congenital Leukemia

D’souza et al. Rare presentation of congenital neuroblastoma. Dermatology Online Journal Vol 15, Issue 11 2009

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Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis

• Prolonged vaginal birth

• Cold‐induced after cooling

• Monitor for hypercalcemia

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APustules/Vesicles

BPapules/Nodules

CRash

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Outpatient appointment:• 3 week old with this 

rash• Full term, healthy• Getting new lesions 

daily

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Neonatal Lupus

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Neonatal Lupus

‐ Mimics tinea, bug bites and capillary malformations

‐ CBC, CMP, Ro, La and U1RNP

‐ EKG!

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Neonatal Lupus• Treat with topical steroids 

and strict photo‐protection to avoid scarring (like DLE)

• Lesions resolve in 6‐8 months

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Neonatal Lupus  vs.  Congenital Syphilis

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Congenital Syphilis

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Take‐Home Points1. Uncommon in premature infants: 

Miliaria, Erythema toxicum and Neonatal pustular melanosis 

2. Congenital Candida – papular, pustular, nodular, erosive

3. Newborns with nodules: Fat necrosis, blueberry muffin, leukemia or neuroblastoma

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• 3 week old• Pustules• Crusted papules• Nodules

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Mite

Egg

Poop

Baby’s Got Scabies!

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Baby’s Got Scabies!• Can present in neonatal period• Treat with permethrin 5% cream head to toe

• Morphology: – Can be pustular & nodular– Crusted papules

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Bonus Case• 2 week old baby born at 

34 weeks

• Under “Bili‐lights” for hyperbilirubinemia

• Sunburn‐like erythema on trunk and extremities

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Erythropoetic Protoporphyria• Usually presents as 

toddlers• Screen with total 

serum porphyrins• Inherited enzyme 

defect in hemepathway

• Burn possible from visible light

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Bonus Case• 7 days old with yellow crusting around the mouth and superficial peeling in groin

• No fever

• Very irritable

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Accentuation of erythema in folds

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Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome…check the belly button in newborns