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Newborn Dermatology
Patrick McMahon, MDChildren’s Hospital of Philadelphia
DISCLOSURES• No conflicts of interest
APustules/Vesicles
BPapules/Nodules
CRash
1‐2‐3 Approach to the Newborn1. Full term vs Premature
2. Congenital vs Neonatal
3. Morphology and location
Baby BumpsTransient:• Neonatal pustular melanosis• Erythema toxicum neonatorum • Miliaria• Benign Cephalic Pustulosis (‘acne’)• Subcutaneous Fat NecrosisInfectious/infestation:• Candida• HSV/VZV• Bacterial infections• ScabiesRare: • Incontinentia pigmenti• Bullous mastocytosis• Neonatal lupus• Langerhan’s Cell Histiocytosis• Blueberry Muffin Baby• Congenital Leukemia or neuroblastoma
CLUES: • Small pustules• Collarettes• Tan/brown macules
• No erythema• No crusting• No vesicles
Neonatal Pustular Melanosis
Only for the “big babies”Miliaria Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum
Both rare in premature babies
Neonatal Cephalic Pustulosis: “Neonatal Acne”
• Onset 2‐6 weeks• Monomorphouspustules on head, neck & shoulders
• Self‐resolves
NICU CALLING…• 1 day old• Born at 30 weeks• Few pustules and
papules on back• Fine scale• Erythema
SEND SWABS
VIRAL PCR
BACTERIAL CULTURE
Congenital Candida: Full‐Term
Day 1 Day 2: Pustules!
Candida
• Congenital or neonatal• Full‐term or pre‐term• History of prolonged
rupture of membranes
• Morphology: – Pustules and micropustules– Surrounding erythema– Collarettes of scale
Congenital Candida: Pre‐term
• Can disseminate in premature infants
• Consider biopsy • Treat systemically
• Morphology clue: – Candida can be nodular or erosive
Congenital Candidiasis
Photograph courtesy of Vikash Oza, MD
Can you take a look at something on my newborn?• 4 day old• Healthy, full term• Pustules in groin• Surrounding
erythema• Few papules
Staphylococcal Pustulosis• Not congenital• Full‐term or pre‐term• Spreads rapidly
• Morphology: – Moist areas (groin/folds)– Isolated larger pustules– Surrounding erythema
Staphylococcal Pustulosis• Culture• Consider HSV/VZV PCR if clustered, vesicular, punched out erosions
• Treatment:– Mupirocin ointment TID– Cephalexin BID x 10 days– Consider dilute bleach baths
Neonatal Varicella Congenital HSV
Photograph courtesy of Paul Honig, MD
Congenital Varicella• Full‐term or pre‐term• Maternal history of exposure • Morphology
– Widespread vesicles & some erosions
– Surrounding erythema– Rule out TORCH infections,
bacterial infections and HSV– Consider bullous mastocytosis if
cultures negative– Look for linear/blaschkoid pattern
to screen for IncontinentiaPigmenti
Incontinentia Pigmenti Bullous Mastocytosis
APustules/Vesicles
BPapules/Nodules
CRash
DAll of the above
Newborn Nursery Calling…• Full term newborn• Crusted papules• Some petechiae• No fever• WIDESPREAD!
SEND SWABS
VIRAL PCR
BACTERIAL CULTURE
Langerhan’s Cell Histiocytosis
Langerhan’s Cell Histiocytosis• Cultures negative• Biopsy to confirm • Blood work and skeletal survey to complete work up
• Call oncology
• Extramedullary hematopoiesis• Congenital • Sign of TORCH infection or
hematologic abnormality
• Morphology: – Blue, red or purple nodules– No surface change– Widespread
Blueberry Muffin Baby
Blueberry Muffin Baby
Neuroblastoma Congenital Leukemia
D’souza et al. Rare presentation of congenital neuroblastoma. Dermatology Online Journal Vol 15, Issue 11 2009
Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis
• Prolonged vaginal birth
• Cold‐induced after cooling
• Monitor for hypercalcemia
APustules/Vesicles
BPapules/Nodules
CRash
Outpatient appointment:• 3 week old with this
rash• Full term, healthy• Getting new lesions
daily
Neonatal Lupus
Neonatal Lupus
‐ Mimics tinea, bug bites and capillary malformations
‐ CBC, CMP, Ro, La and U1RNP
‐ EKG!
Neonatal Lupus• Treat with topical steroids
and strict photo‐protection to avoid scarring (like DLE)
• Lesions resolve in 6‐8 months
Neonatal Lupus vs. Congenital Syphilis
Congenital Syphilis
Take‐Home Points1. Uncommon in premature infants:
Miliaria, Erythema toxicum and Neonatal pustular melanosis
2. Congenital Candida – papular, pustular, nodular, erosive
3. Newborns with nodules: Fat necrosis, blueberry muffin, leukemia or neuroblastoma
• 3 week old• Pustules• Crusted papules• Nodules
Mite
Egg
Poop
Baby’s Got Scabies!
Baby’s Got Scabies!• Can present in neonatal period• Treat with permethrin 5% cream head to toe
• Morphology: – Can be pustular & nodular– Crusted papules
Bonus Case• 2 week old baby born at
34 weeks
• Under “Bili‐lights” for hyperbilirubinemia
• Sunburn‐like erythema on trunk and extremities
Erythropoetic Protoporphyria• Usually presents as
toddlers• Screen with total
serum porphyrins• Inherited enzyme
defect in hemepathway
• Burn possible from visible light
Bonus Case• 7 days old with yellow crusting around the mouth and superficial peeling in groin
• No fever
• Very irritable
Accentuation of erythema in folds
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome…check the belly button in newborns