syllogim_mrunal

8/20/2014 [Reasoning] Syllogism (All Cats are Dogs): Method, approach, techniques, shortcuts explained for IBPS, SSC, CSAT and CAT - Mrunal

http://mrunal.org/2013/01/reasoning-syllogism-all-cats-dogs-approach-shortcut-technique-explained-ibps-ssc-csat-cat.html 1/65

Mrunal

Aptitude | 541 2 years ago[Reasoning] Syllogism

(All Cats are Dogs):

Method, approach, techniques, shortcuts

explained for IBPS, SSC, CSAT and CAT

CSAT क�ल क� सबुह

1. Introduction to Syllogism

2. Basics

3. Subject vs Predicate

4. Classification of statement

5. Standard format: conversion

6. No conclusion Combos

7. Conclusive-Combos

8. DemoQ: Crazy men and Women

9. DemoQ: Intelligent Poets and singers

10. CAT-level

DemoQ: Sweet Testing Apples (CAT)

days

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DemoQ: Working mother nurses

(CAT)

DemoQ: 4 questions in 1!

11. Special Conversions

12. Complimentary pairs

13. Tricky Situations: Priority order

14. Tricky Situations: 1-Statement

Conclusion

15. Summary

Introduction to Syllogism

There are two main types of Syllogism question

2-Statements 3-Statements

Question Statement:

I. All cats are dogs

II. All dogs are

birdsConclusion:

I. Some cats are birds

II. Some birds are cats.

Question Statement

A. All cats are dogs

B. some pigs are cats

C. no dogs are

birdsConclusion

I. some cats are dogs

II. no birds are cats

III. some pigs are birds

IV. some pigs are not birds

2 Statement Syllogism questions are usually

found in IBPS (Bank) and SSC exams.

UPSC CSAT 2012 exam had quite a few questions

on 3 Statement Syllogism.

In CAT exams, they ask 2 Statement Syllogism

but they pack 3-4 such “2-statement” syllogism

questions inside one question to make it very

water...;) } – [Economy]

WTO: Bali Summit,

Trade Facilitation

Agreement...

RUKMINI { Can

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[RESULT] SSC CGL 2013

Tier-1 Re-exam result...

MANN24BY4 { thanks...

} – [Economic Survey]

Ch8: Agriculture

Minimum Support

prices...

TINKUSRINIVAS {

Strickly speaking it is not

perennial....but generally in

some books they refer it as

a perennial as it gets rain

during two seasons...one

during south... } –

[Economy] WTO: Bali

Summit, Trade

Facilitation

Agreement...

AMARJIT { wait for 1

week } – [RESULT] SSC

CGL 2013 Tier-1 Re-

exam result...

AMARJIT { Cleared the

exam...have 2 try best in

tier 2.. } – [RESULT] SSC

CGL 2013 Tier-1 Re-

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time-consuming process.

In this article, you will learn how to solve the 2

Statement syllogism questions.

3 Statement syllogism syllogism is explained in

separate article (CLICK ME). (They’re mere

an extension of the concepts explained in this

article, so first master the 2-statement technique

here.)

There are three methods to solve 2-statement

Syllogism questions.

1. Venn

Diagram

In the exam, Have to think of all

possible “Venn-Diagram” situation

and draw them to check every

statement.= time consuming in the

exam hall.

2. AEIO

(analytical

Method)

Have to mugup some rules, and

spend some hours @home to

master the “AEIO” conversion in

your head. But once done, it is

easy as a walk in the park.

3. Distribution

of terms

(Tick

method)

Usually taught in CAT coaching

classes and study material.

Technique is very fast but It

excludes the concept of

“Conversion” and “Complementary

cases”, hence sometimes makes it

difficult to solve non-CAT

questions.

exam result...

ANKIT { mrunal.org for

the guys who are doing self

prep. and its the step to

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prepare efficiently NOT for

coaching institutes... } –

[Economic Survey] Ch8:

Agriculture Fertilizer,

Nutrient Based...

RITU { Hi Gayathri, I can

explain what I understood.

Actually 10% limit is based

on 1986-88 but inflation

rate increased manifold

since then in India. As... } –

[Economy] WTO: Bali

Summit, Trade

Facilitation

Agreement...

V { There are 34 biological

hotspots. India has 3: 1.

Eastern Himalaya 2. Indo-

Burma 3. Western Ghats

and Sri Lanka. } –

[Economy] WTO: Bali

Summit, Trade

Facilitation

Agreement...

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Mrunal Sir!! a request to

you SAP stands for (State

Advised Price) as the PRS

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http://www.prsindia.org/th

eprsblog/?tag=fair-and-

Top

http://mrunal.org/2013/01/reasoning-statement-syllogism-technique-method-shortcuts-for-ibps-ssc-csat-cat-cmat-gmat.html


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The technique explained in this article, is a modified

version of AEIO method combined with the Tick

Method. Let’s call it U.P.-U.N. method.

Basics

Subject vs Predicate

Consider this question statement

1. All cats are dogs

2. Some dogs are birds

3. No bird is a pig

4. Some pigs are not birds.

In all such statements, first-term is called subject

and second is called predicate.

It doesn’t matter what word is given: Table, Chair,

Raja, Kalmadi, Kanimozhi or Madhu Koda – first term

is subject and second term is predicate.

Let’s relook at those question statements

Subject Predicate

1. All cats are dogs Cats Dogs

2. Some dogs are birds Dogs Birds

3. No bird is a pig Bird Pig

4. Some pigs are not birds. Pigs Birds

I hope the Subject vs. Predicate is clear now. Let’s

move to second thing

Classification of statement

In syllogism, each statement usually has following

remunerative-price } –


Agriculture Minimum

Support prices...

MALLIKARJUNA {

Thanks for ur reply. I

understood the concept-it

is within 5% & 10%, but

under the subheading

"Amber box: De Minimus

limits" of the article... } –

[Economy] WTO: Bali

Summit, Trade

Facilitation

Agreement...

SHIKHA { thanks alot

sir........................... } –


Agriculture Minimum

Support prices...

SHAILESH { dear due to

backlog year vacancy for

last three year } –

[RESULT] SSC CGL 2013

Tier-1 Re-exam result...

MANISHA { Thanx a lot

vk... } – [Economy] WTO:

Bali Summit, Trade

Facilitation

Agreement...

MANISHA { Thanx

Ritu...for making it clear } –

[Economy] WTO: Bali

Summit, Trade

Facilitation

Agreement...









format

“xyz subject is/are (not) predicate.”

For example,

Xyz Subject Is/are (+/-not) Predicate

All Cats Are Dogs

Some Pigs Are not birds

Based on “xyz” and “not”, we classify the statements

as following

Statement Type Codename

1. All cats are dogs Universal Positive UP

2. Some dogs are birdsParticular

PositivePP

3. No bird is a pigUniversal

NegativeUN

4. Some pigs are not

birds.

Particular

NegativePN

Please remember following words. Whenever they

come, you classify the statement accordingly.

All, every, any, none, not a single, only etc.

Universal

(positive or

negative)

Some, many, a few, quite a few, not many,

very little, most of, almost, generally,

often, freqently, etc.

Particular

(positive or

negative)

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CGL 2013 Tier-1 Re-

exam result...

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Standard format: conversion

The standard 2-statement syllogism question format

is following:

1. (xyz) “A” is/are (+/- not) “B”

2. (xyz) “B” is/are (+/- not) “C”

So basically it is

1. A—>B

2. B—>C

(read as “A to B then B to C”)

What does this tell us?

Question statements must have ONLY three terms.

(A, B and C).

In the exam, if they give you two question

statements with four terms then your time is saved!

Just tick the answer “no conclusion can be drawn”.

For example

Question

statementsAnswer

1. All cats

are Dogs

2. Some

birds are

pigs

No conclusion can be drawn. Because it

has four terms (cats, dogs, birds, pigs)

A–>B

C–>D

Anyways back to the topic,

The standard format for question statements is:

1. A—>B

2. B—>C

1. First term—>Middle Term

2. Middle Term—>Third term

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But if the given question statements are not given in

this format, then we must convert them into above

format. Otherwise we cannot proceed with answer.

For example

Given question statements

are

1. A—>B

2. C—>B

This must be converted

into

1. A—>B

2. B—>C

Given question statements

are

1. B—>A

2. B—>C

This must be converted

into

1. A—>B

2. B—>C

Ok, so how to convert the statements?

Universal Positive (UP)

Given StatementValid

conversionsType

Given Statement: All

Cats are Dogs

Some Cats

are dogs

Particular

Positive (PP)

Some dogs

are cats

Particular

Positive (PP)

It means UP can be converted into PP.

Please note: if the statement is “Only Dogs are cats”,

then better convert it into “All cats are dogs”. (Only A

is B –> All B are A)

Universal Negative (UN)

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Given Statement Valid

conversions

Type

Given Statement: No

Cats are Dogs

Some dogs are

not cats

Particular

Negative (PN)

No dogs are

cats

Universal

Negative (UN)

It means UN can be converted into PN or UN.

Particular Positive (PP)

Given StatementValid

conversionsType

Some Cats are

Dogs

Some dogs are

cats

Particular Positive

(PP)

It means PP can be converted into PP only.

Particular Negative

Example: Some Cats are not Dogs. In Particular

negative statements (PN), no conversion can be

made.

So PN=can’t convert.

To sum up the conversion rules

Type Valid Conversion

Universal Positive (UP) Only PP

Universal Negative (UN) PN or UN

Particular Positive (PP) Only PP

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W a r n i n g

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Particular Negative (PN) Not possible.

Please note:

In some lower level exams, sometimes they directly

ask about conversion. For example

Q. What can be concluded from the given statement:

“Some Politicians are honest men.”

Answer choices

1. Some Honest men are not Politicians.

2. All Honest men are not politician

3. Some Honest men are politicians.

4. None of Above.

(Please donot read further, without solving above

question.)

Solution

well, the given statement “Some Politicians are

honest men.” is a particular positive statement (PP).

Hence according to our table, it can be converted

into PP only. Therefore

Given answer choice Thought process

1. Some Honest men

are not Politicians.

Particular negative (PN),

hence eliminate.

2. No Honest men are

politicians.

Universal Negative, hence

eliminate

3. Some Honest men

are politicians.

PP hence this is correct

answer.



4. None of Above. –not applicable because C is

the correct answer.

In case you are wondering,

Q. Some politicians are honest men.

In above case, can’t the answer be “A”: Some honest

men are not politicians?

Well, if you go by Venn Diagram method, it’ll lead to

two cases hence it is “doubtful”.

Case #1

Data

Subject (Politicians)

1. Sardar Patel

2. Lal Bahadur Shastri

3. Raja

4. Kalmadi

Predicate (Honest Men)

1. Sardar Patel


In above situation, can you say “Some honest men

are not politicians”?

Well you can’t say that. Because both Honest men

(Sardar and Shastri) are in politician set.

Case #2

Data

Subject (Politicians)

1. Sardar Patel


3. Raja



4. Kalmadi

Predicate (Honest Men)

1. Sardar Patel


3. Bhagat Singh

4. ChandraSekhar Azad

In above situation, can you say “Some honest

men are not politicians”?

Yes you can. Because two Honest men (Bhagat

Singh and Azad) are not in politician set.

The point is, whenever “two cases” are possible,

you cannot ‘safely’ conclude one statement.

Hence, if the statement is

Some “A” are “B”–> it doesn’t mean Some “B” are

not “A”.

The only valid conclusion in above case is :Some

“B” are “A”.

Therefore Particular Positive (PP) statement can be

converted into Particular Positive (PP) statement

only.

Similarly

Type of Statement Valid Conversion Path

Universal Positive

(UP)All cats(A) are

dogs (B)

Only PPSome Cats (A) are

dogs. (B)Some dogs (B) are

cats. (A)

A to

BB

to A

Universal Negative

PN :Some Dogs (B) are not

Cats (A). B to



(UN)No Cats(A) are

dogs (B)

A

UN: No Dogs (B) are cats.

(A)

Particular Positive

(PP)Some cats (A) are

dogs (B)

Only PP: Some dogs (B) are

cats(A)

B to

A

Particular Negative

(PN)Not possible. –

Anyways back to the topic, what are we discussing?

1. Topic of discussion is: How to solve 2 statement

syllogism question

2. Subject vs predicate

3. Type of statements (UP, UN, PP, PN)

4. Standard format and conversion.

The standard question format is

A–>B

B–>C

If the given question doesn’t have statements in

âbove standard format, then we must convert them

into standard format. Only then we can proceed

further.

So far, We constructed our shortcut table on how to

convert the statements. Now

le t ’s try some examples

Question

statementsConversion?

1. All Cats are



dogs(B)

2. Some

dogs(B) are not

pigs.

Already in standard format (A to B and

then B to C)

hence no need to convert.

1. Some

dogs(B) are not

pigs.

2. All Cats are

dogs(B)

No need to convert any statement.

Just exchange the position of first and

second statement.

1. All Cats are dogs(B)

2. Some dogs(B) are not pigs.

1. All Cats are

dogs (B)

2. All pigs are

dogs(B)

Have to convert, because not in

standard format.1.All cats(A) are

dogs(B)

2.Some dogs(B) are pigs(C). (Rule UP->

only PP)

Now coming to the heart of the matter: how to solve

the (stupid) 2 statement syllogism question?

No conclusion Combos

Here are the non-conclusion combos when two

question statements are in following format.

First statement (A

to B)

Second statement (B

to C)Answer

Universal Positive

(UP)

Particular Positive

(PP)

No

conclusion

Particular Negative

(PN)

No

conclusion

Universal Negative No



Universal Negative

(UN)

(UN) conclusion

Particular Negative

(PN)

No

conclusion

Particular Positive

(PP)

Particular Positive

(PP)

No

conclusion

Particular Negative

(PN)

No

conclusion

Particular Negative

(PN)

Any other (UP, UN,

PP, PN)

No

conclusion

^does it look difficult?

Not really. Let’s condense this table into mug-up

rules.

1. UP’s politicians hate giving particular statements

(both positive and negative). E.g. they donot

reveal their clear position on FDI in retail until

the 11th hour.

2. United Nations hates negativity. (both Universal

and particular)

3. Pritish Nandy hates everybody.

4. Two-negatives=no conclusion. (although implicit

in 2+3)

5. Two particulars=no conclusion. (although

implicit in 1+3)

Please note: in âbove

situations definite conclusion is impossible.

However, sometimes two answer choices are still

possible “either a or b”.



That concept is called “Complimentary pairs”. We’ll

learn about it at the bottom of this article.

For the moment, let’s not complicate the matters

with complimentary pairs.

Ok back to topic, when you face a “Two-statement

syllogism question”? you’ll follow these steps:

1. first, make sure it contains only three terms

(ABC) (else no conclusion.)

2. Make sure question statements are in standard

format (A to B then B to C). If not in standard

format, then re-arrange.

3. Classify the question statements. (UP, UN, PP,

PN)

4. Check if the question statements have no

conclusion combos (Âbove rules)

if above things donot yield an answer, then we’ve to

think about what will be the “conclusion(s)”?

Conclusive-Combos

If you’ve followed above steps, then question

statements in the format “A to B and then B to C.”

First statement

(A to B)

Second

statement (B to

C)

Conclusion

Universal

Positive (UP)

Universal

Positive (UP)

Universal Positive

(UP) (A to C)

Universal

Negative (UN)

Universal Negative

(UN) (A to C)



Universal

Negative (UN)

Universal

positive (UP)Particular Negative

(PN). (C to A)

Particular

Positive (PP)

Particular

Positive (PP)

Universal

Positive (UP)

Particular Positive

(PP) (A to C)

Universal

Negative (UN)

Particular Negative

(PN) (A to C)

As you can see from above table,

The answer statement is usually in the format of A

to C. with exception when first question statement is

Universal Negative (UN).

Let’s condense this table into mug-up rules as well.

Conclusive-Combos In your head, visualize

1. UP+UP=UPIf Uttar Pradesh meets Uttar

Pradesh, then its size doesn’t

increase.

2. UP+UN=UN

If Uttar Pradesh meets United

Nations then its size increases and

it becomes United Nations.

3. UN+

(UP/PP)=PN

United Nations Secretary Ban Ki

Moon is in very positive mood. But

he meets another positive person,

and his attitude is totally

reversed- he becomes particularly

negative! (reversed =C to A)

When Mr.PP observes the



4. PP+

(UP/UN)=PP/PN

universe via NASA telescope, his

mood becomes positive or

negative depending on the mood

of universe.

Try a question from SSC-CGL (Tier-I, 2010) exam,

DemoQ: Crazy men and Women

Question Statements

1. All men are women.

2. All women are crazy.

Conclusion

1. All Men are crazy

2. All the crazy are men

3. Some of the crazy are men

4. Some of the crazy are women

Answer

1. None of the conclusion follows

2. All conclusions follow

3. Only 1, 3 and 4 follow

4. Only 2 and 3 follow

(I suggest you pause here. First try to solve it on your

own, without directly reading the solution. If you’ve

difficulty, re-read rules given above)

Solution

Our standard operating procedure (SOP)

Question Statements



1. All men are women.

2. All women are crazy.

First step: make sure four terms are not given =

check. Only three terms (men, women, crazy)

Second step, make sure they’re in standard format (A

to B and then B to C): Check yes they’re.

Hence conversion is not required.

1. All men(A) are women. (B) (UP)

2. All women(B) are crazy.(C) (UP)

Third step, classify the statements.

1. All men are women. Universal Positive (UP)

2. All women are crazy. Universal Positive (UP)

Fourth step: check the combo for question

statements.

Well, since it is UP+UP= its size doesn’t increase.

Hence conclusion should be UP. (A to C)

meaning All men(A) are crazy.(C)

Check the answer statements.

1. All Men

are

crazy

Correct.

Recall that “conversion table”.Universal



2. All the

crazy

are

men

Positive (UP) can be converted only into

Particular Positive (PP).

Since All men are crazy => Some Crazy are

men.

But we cannot say All crazy are men. So this

option is false.

If you apply common sense at this stage:

well, 1st statement correct, and 2nd

statement is false, hence answer is (C): only

1, 3 and 4 follow!

3. Some

of the

crazy

are

men

Correct because of “conversion table”

4. Some

of the

crazy

are

women

Given question statement : All women are

crazy. (Universal positive). If we apply

conversion table (UP=> PP) then Some

Crazy are women. Hence this statement is

also correct.

Final answer (C): only 1, 3 and 4 follow

If you’re still staggering, I suggest you go through

those rules again, note them down in a diary in your

own words and language, revise a few times. Then

try next question

DemoQ: Intell igent Poets and singers

Question Statements (SSC-CPO exam)



1. All poets are intelligent

2. All singers are intelligent.

Conclusion

1. all singers are poets

2. some intelligent persons are not singers

Answer choices

1. only conclusion one follows

2. only conclusion two follows

3. either conclusion one or conclusion two follows

4. neither follows

solution

first step: does the question statements have only

three terms? Check: Yes. Singers, poets, intelligent.

Good, proceed with next step.

Second step: Are the question statements given in

standard format (A to B then B to C)?

Check. Nope

1. All poets (A) are intelligent (B)

2. All singers (C) are intelligent. (B)

Then we have to convert it into standard format. And

since both statements are universal positive, we

don’t need to worry about which statement to

convert first? (that “priority order”, more about it,

explained at the bottom of this article.)

Second statement is universal positive (UP),

according to our table, we can only convert it into

particular positive (PP) therefore



All singers (C) are intelligent. (B)==> Some intelligent

persons(B) are singers.(C)

Now the new question statements, in the standard

format (A to B then B to C) are

1. All poets are intelligent (B)

2. Some intelligent persons(B) are singers.

Third step, classify the question statements

question statement type

1. All poets(A) are intelligent (B)Universal positive

(UP)

2. Some intelligent persons(B) are

singers.(C)

Particular positive

(PP)

Fourth step, apply the combo rules.

Since UP’s politicians hate particular statements

(both positive and negative), hence no conclusion

can be drawn. That means we cannot connect A to C

or C to A.

Now check the Answer statements

i. all

singers(C)

are poets

(A)

False. UP+PP=no conclusion, as

explained above.

ii. some

intelligent

persons

are not

Check the second original question

statement : All singers are intelligent.

(Universal positive –UP).

According to our conversion table, UP

can be converted into particular positive

(PP) only. But this answer statement (II) is



singers a particular negative statement. Hence

this is also false.

Final answer: (D) neither follows.

CAT-level

Same UP-UN Concept but they pack 3-4 or more

syllogism questions into one question to test your

speed, not just your understanding. for example:

DemoQ: Sweet Testing Apples (CAT)

given question has five statements followed by

options containing three statements put together in

a specific order. Choose the option which indicates

a valid argument, where the third statement is a

conclusion drawn from the preceding two

statements.

Question statements (CAT 1999)

1. Apples are not sweet

2. Some apples are sweet

3. All sweets are tasty

4. Some apples are not tasty

5. No apple is tasty

answer choices

1. cea

2. bdc

3. cbd

4. eac



solution and approach

we’ve to check the given options one by one.

Option (i). CEA. Meaning we’ve to take C as our

statement (I), E as our Statement (II) and then

observe, if statement (A) can be concluded from C

and E.

C All sweets are tasty Universal positive

E No apple is tasty. Universal negative

A Apples are not sweet Universal negative

In the actual CAT exam, we cannot afford to waste

time in actually converting all statements and

checking them.

Here is the fast approach

1. three terms?= yes

2. in standard format? No. but we can convert

second (UN) into another UN and then combo rule is

UP+UN=UN.

Hence this answer choice (CEA) is correct.

Final answer (i) CEA

DemoQ: Working mother nurses (CAT)

question statement answer choices

1. No mother is a nurse.

2. Some Nurses like to work

3. No woman is prude

4. Some prude are also nurses

5. Some nurses are women

6. All women like to work

1. ABE

2. CED

3. FEB

4. BEF



Check the answer choices one by one.

i. ABE

A (Statement I) No mother is a nurse. (UN)

B (Statement II) Some Nurses like to work

E (Conclusion) Some Nurses are women.

This is invalid. Because Statement I and II have three

terms (Mother, Nurse and work) while given

conclusion statement adds fourth new term

“women”

Move to next choice.

ii. CED

Statement Type

C (Statement I)No woman is

prude

Universal

negative

E (Statement II)Some nurses are

women

Particular

positive

D (conclusion)Some prude are

also nurses

Particular

positive

Question statements have three terms? Yes (women,

prude, nurses)

Are they in standard format (A to B then B to C?)

nope.



No woman(B) is prude Universal negative

Some nurses are women(B) Particular positive

change position of first and second statement.

1. Some nurses(A) are women(B)

2. No woman(B) is prude(C)

question statement type

1. Some nurses(A) are

women(B)Particular positive (PP)

2. No woman(B) is prude(C)Universal negative

(UN)

Apply the combo rules

PP+UN=??

When Mr.PP observes the universe via NASA

telescope, his mood becomes particularly

negative or positive depending on the mood of

universe. Hence PP+UN=PN.(A to C)

So legitimate conclusion is “Some Prune arenot

nurses”.

But Check the given conclusion statement:

“Some prude are also nurses.” It is Particular

positive (PP).

But According to conversion table, PN cannot be

converted. So we cannot say that since “Some

prune are not nurses, that means some prunes

are nurses!”

Therefore given answer choice(ii) CED is false

because D cannot be concluded from C+E.



Move to the next answer choice.

Actual thought process: three terms =yes. Standard

form=no. rearrange. But PP+UN=PN, can’t be

converted to PP. Hence false.

iii.FEB

Statement Type

F (Statement I)All women like to

work

Universal

positive UP

E (Statement II)Some nurses are

women

Particular

positive PP

B (conclusion)Some nurses like

to work

Particular

positive PP

three terms =yes. Standard form=no. but no need to

convert, just exchange position of statement I and II.

Some nurses(A) are

women(B)Particular positive PP

All women(B) like to work (C) Universal positive UP

Apply combo rule, again same situation

When Mr.PP observes the universe via NASA

telescope, his mood becomes particularly positive

or negative depending on the mood of universe.

Hence PP+UP=PP.(A to C).

Some nurses(A) like to work(C). Done! This is same

as the given conclusion (B)

Therefore, final answer is (iii) FEB.



DemoQ: 4 questions in 1!

This one is from CAT-1999.

Each of the given question statement as three

segments. Choose the alternative where third

segment of the statement can be logically be used

using the both preceding two but not just from one

of them

Question statements

1. all dinosaurs are prehistoric creatures. Water

buffaloes are not dinosaurs. Water buffaloes are

not prehistoric creatures

2. all politicians are frank. No frank people are

crocodiles. No crocodiles are politicians

3. no diamond is quartz. No opal is quartz.

Diamonds are opals.

4. All monkeys like bananas. Some Joes like

bananas. Some Joes are monkeys.

Answer choice

1. Only C

2. Only B

3. Only A and D

4. Only B and C

Approach

C. Diamonds,

Quartz,

Three terms yes. Standard format

=No.Both question statements are

Universal negative. We can convert either

of them, into UN or PN. But in any case,

both question statements will remain



Opals. negative. And Two negatives=no

conclusion. So “C” is not possible. Hence

answer choice (i) and (iv) eliminated.

B. Frank

politicians

and

crocodiles

Already in three terms standard

format.UP+UN=size enlarged and

becomes UN.

So conclusion should be “No crocodile is

politician” so this statement is correct.

Hence answer choice (ii).

Final answer: (ii) only B.

The End?

No. Picture abhi baaki hai mere dost: just three

more concepts before concluding the Two-

Statement Syllogism

Special Conversions

Recall that when question statements are not in

standard format (A to B then B to C), in that case

we’ve to convert them according to conversion table.

Here are some special cases.

Given Question

statement

Conversion (all applicable to

all given question

statements)

Type

None but

Politicians are

honest.

No one else but

Politicians are

1. All honest(people) are

politicians UP

2. No non-politician is



honest.

Only politicians

are honest.

Politicians alone

are honest

honest.

3. No honest (people) are

non-politicians.

UN

4. Some politicians are

honest PP

Second concept:

Complimentary pairs

Earlier we saw there are five no-conclusion combos

1. UP’s politicians hate giving particular statements

(both positive and negative). E.g. they donot

reveal their clear position on FDI in retail until

the 11th hour.

2. United Nations hates negativity of any type.

(both Universal and particular)

3. Pritish Nandy hates everybody.

4. Two-negatives=no conclusion.

5. Two particulars=no conclusion.

For example

Question

statement

1. Some Politicians are male.2. Some

males are honest.

Conclusion1. Some Politicians are honest.2. No

Politicians are honest.

Answer choice

1. Only 1 follows



2. Only 2 follows

3. Either 1 or 2 follows

4. Neither follows

Apply the standard operating procedure:

Three terms? Check: yes

Are they in standard format? A to B then B to C?

check. Yes

Then classify the statements

1. Some Politicians(A) are males(B) Particular positive.

2. Some males(B) are honest(C) Particular positive.

From the given rules, Two particulars = No

conclusion!

But please observe one of the answer choice (C)=

Either 1 or 2 follows.

Consider these cases

Case#2

Politicians Males honest

5. Sardar

Patel

6. Lal

Bahadur

Shastri

7. Raja

8. Kalmadi

9. Sheila

1. Sardar Patel

2. Lal Bahadur

Shastri

3. Raja

4. Kalmadi

5. Bhagat Singh

6. ChandraSekhar

Azad

1. Sardar Patel

2. Lal Bahadur

Shastri

3. Bhagat Singh

4. ChandraSekhar

Azad

5. Sarojini Naidu

6. Mother Teresa

In this case#1: some politicians (Sardar and Shastri)



are honest.

So “conclusion (1) may be possible.”

Case#2

Politicians Males honest

1. Raja

2. Kalmadi

3. Sheila

1. Raja

2. Kalmadi

3. Bhagat Singh

4. ChandraSekhar

Azad

1. Bhagat Singh

2. ChandraSekhar

Azad

3. Sarojini Naidu

4. Mother Teresa

In this case, No politician is honest.

So “conclusion (2) may be possible.”

Therefore answer becomes “Either 1 or 2 follows”

Such syllogism-situations are called

“complementary”.

You’ve to check following things, before thinking

about “complementary” cases.

1. Two statements with three terms? Yes

2. Question statements are given in standard

format (A to B Then B to C). if not, then rearrange

or convert them.

3. Classify the statements (UP, UN, PP, PN)

4. Apply the rules. Get the answer.

5. If Step #4 gives “No conclusion” AND one of the

answer choice is in the format of “Either I or II

follows”, only then check for complemantary

case.

Checklist: complementary case



1. Two answer choices have same subject and

predicate.

Applicable Not applicable

1. Some Politicians are

honest.2. No Politicians

are honestBecause

both have common

subject (politician) and

common predicate

(honest)


honest.2. No Honest are

Politicians.In first statement,

subject=Politician but in

second statement, subject=

Honest. Hence complemantary

case not possible.

2). The answer choice combo must be either of

these three

Answer choice combo example

Uttar Pradesh (UP) + Pritish

Nandy (PN)

1. All Politicians are

honest.

2. Some Politicians

arenot honest

PP + Pritish Nandy (PN)


honest.

2. Some Politicians

arenot honest

PP + United Nations (UN)


honest.

2. No Politicians are

honest

When these two conditions are met, then answer

would be “Either (I) or (II) follows.”



Priority order

You know that when Question statements are not in

standard format (A to B Then B to C), we must

convert them. But here is a thing to keep in mind.

Consider these statements

Question statements:

1. All Dogs are Cats.

2. Some Dogs are Pigs.

Common term or middle term is Dogs. So that’s our

“B”.

1. All Dogs(B) are Cats.

2. Some Dogs(B) are Pigs.

We can convert it via two routes

Route #1 Route #2

Just convert the

first statement.

1. Some Cats are

dogs. (Rule: UP

to PP)

2. Some Dogs

are pigs.

We’ll re-order the statements. (that is

interchange thee position of both

statements)

1. Some dogs(B) are pigs

2. All Dogs(B) are Cats

Now we’ll convert the first statement.

1. Some pigs are Dogs (B) (Rule: PP to

PP)

2. All dogs (B) are cats.

Both routes are valid.

Now the question is, which route should be

preferred?

The priority order is:

1) Particular positive (PP) >> 2) Universal Negative



(UN) >> 3) Universal Positive (UP)

Note: we’ve not included Particular Negative (PN) in

this order because PN cannot be converted. So

according to this priority order PP>UN>UP, route #2

is the more suitable approach. (although such

complications don’t usually arise in most of the

questions).

Tricky Situations: Priority order

Consider this scenario

Question statements Conclusion

1. All women(B) are birds

2. Some women(B) are tree

1. Some birds are tree

2. All trees are bird.

As you can see, the question statements are not in

standard format (A to B then B to C).

So, which question statement to convert?

First the wrong approach.

WRON

G

Since question statements are not in standard

format (A to B then B to C), hence we’ll convert

first statement. (UP to PP)After conversion

1. Some birds(A) are women (B)


Both question statements are particular, hence

final answer=No conclusion. (please note: this

approach is wrong, because we’ve not followed

the priority order).



Now the correct approach

CORR

E

C

T

The priority order for Statement conversion is

PP>UN>UP.Meaning, if there are two question

statements, and we’ve to convert one of them to

make it a standard format=> then we’ll convert

Particular positive statement first.So in the given

case

1. All women(B) are birds


Convert second statement. (PP to PP)

1. All women(B) are birds.

2. Some trees are women(B).

Now exchange positions of question statements

1. Some trees are women(B). (PP)

2. All women(B) are birds. (UP)

Now they’re in standard format, apply combo

rule: PP+UP=PP (Nasa telescope rule!)

Hence conclusion is

Some trees are birds. (PP)

We can also say that Some birds are trees. (PP to

PP conversion). Therefore answer is (1)

Moral of the story: Conversion priority: PP>UN>UP.

Especially when you’re getting PP+PP= no



conclusion after conversion.

Tricky Situations: 1-Statement

Conclusion

Question statements Conclusion

1. All the flowers are leaves.

(B) (UP)

2. Some leaves(B) are birds

(PP)

1. Some birds are

flowers

2. Some leaves are

flowers

Question statement contains only three terms=yes.

Are they in standard format? (A To B then B to C?)

=Yes.

Apply combo rules: UP+PP=No conclusion because

Uttar Pradesh’s politicians hate particular

statements.

But here’s the catch. Observe the conclusion

statements carefully

Conclusion

statementThought process

1. Some

birds

are

flowers

Not possible because combo rule.

2. Some

first question statement says All flowers are

leaves. If you apply the conversion rule UP-

>PP, thenAll flowers are leaves=> Some



leaves

are

flowers

leaves are flowers. Hence this conclusion is

correct, although it did not employ both

question statements.

Moral of the story: Read terms (subject-predicate) of

conclusion statements.

Summary

What to do when 2-statement syllogism question is

given?

1. They must have only three terms (A, B and C)

2. Are the question statements in standard format

(A to B then B to C)? if no, then refer to following

conversion table. (important: priority order for

conversion is PP>UN>UP.)

Type Valid Conversion

Universal Positive (UP) Only PP

Universal Negative (UN) PN or UN

Particular Positive (PP) Only PP

Particular Negative (PN) Can’t do.

3. Classify the Question statement (UP, UN, PP, PN)

4. Apply the combo rules on Question statements.

No conclusion Yes conclusion

1. If Uttar Pradesh meets



1. UP’s politicians hate

giving particular

statements (both

positive and

negative). E.g. they

donot reveal their

clear position on FDI

in retail until the 11th

hour.

(UP+PP/PN=NO)

2. United Nations

hates negativity.

(both Universal and

particular)

(UN+UN/PN=NO)

3. Pritish Nandy hates

everybody. (first

statement is PN=NO,

Irrespective of

second statement.)

4. Two-negatives=no

conclusion.

5. Two particulars=no

conclusion.

Uttar Pradesh, then its

size doesn’t increase.

(UP+UP=UP)

2. If Uttar Pradesh meets

United Nations then size

increases and it becomes

United Nations.

(UP+UN=UN)

3. United Nations Secretary

Ban Ki Moon is in very

positive mood. But he

meets another positive

person, and his attitude is

totally reversed- he

becomes particularly

negative! (reversed =C to

A). (UN+UP/PP=PN)

4. When Mr.PP observes the

universe via NASA

telescope, his mood

becomes particularly

positive or negative

depending on the mood

of universe.

(PP+UP/UN=PP/PN)

5. (rarely required): if no-conclusion and “either or”

given in answer, then check for Complimentary case.

This concludes the discussion on 2 statement

Syllogism question.

In later article, we’ll see the 3-statement syllogism. It



is basically extention of the same UP-UN method

that we learned here. However, to quickly solve 3-

statements, first you must become a master of 2-

statement. So, practice as many sums as you can,

from any of the following books.

http://www.flipkart.com/modern-approach-verbal-non-verbal-reasoning-8121905516/p/itmdytg8ghhmrq75?pid=9788121905510&affid=mrunalrugm

http://www.flipkart.com/new-approach-reasoning-verbal-non-verbal-8183482740/p/itmdyuqqzarkzrrc?pid=9788183482745&affid=mrunalrugm



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Decision Making + Maths Medium &

Low priority topics, Sample Questions,

free studymaterial (part 3 of 3)


Comprehension & Reasoning, analysis,

previous papers, free studymaterial,

cutoffs (part 1 of 3)

[Reasoning] Calendar Questions:

Finding day or date, concepts,

shortcuts explained

[Trigonometry] Finding Minimum

Maximum Values for SSC CGL Made

Easy without differentiation

sanjeet chand dwivedi 29/05/2014 at 08:06

I am not able to apply UP-UN method as I got negative

marking for applying for these types of question .U have

not advised about possibility type of questions .

Could you please elaborate application of UP-UN Method

to these types of questions -

Question 1-

statements –

No memory is good .


http://mrunal.org/2013/01/reasoning-syllogism-all-cats-dogs-approach-shortcut-technique-explained-ibps-ssc-csat-cat.html/print/

http://mrunal.org/2014/06/studyplan-csat-aptitude-paper-2-decision-making-maths-medium-low-priority-topics-sample-questions-free-studymaterial-part-3-3.html

http://mrunal.org/2014/06/studyplan-csat-aptitude-paper-2-comprehension-reasoning-analysis-previous-papers-free-studymaterial-cutoffs-part-1-2.html

http://mrunal.org/2013/08/reasoning-calendar-questions-finding-day-or-date-concepts-shortcuts-explained.html

http://mrunal.org/2013/07/trigonometry-finding-minimum-maximum-values-for-ssc-cgl-made-easy-without-differentiation.html

http://mrunal.org/2013/01/reasoning-syllogism-all-cats-dogs-approach-shortcut-technique-explained-ibps-ssc-csat-cat.html/comment-page-6#comment-199920



Reply

No good is bad .

No bad is speed .

Some heart are speed and bad .

Conclusions -

a.Some bad are heart

b.Some speed are heart.

Ans . Both conclusion Follows (later I solved through

common sense by last statements still I am not able to

solve by up-un m/d )

Question 2.

Statements -

Some one are two

Some three are both one and two together

No two is four .

All four are five .

Conclusions -

1. some two are both one and three

2.Some one being both two and three is possibility

ans – Only 1 follows .sir ,U have not advised about

possibility type of questions .

Tilak 31/05/2014 at 15:17

Above describe rule on based on generic approach

of syllogism. If you know about syllogism just read

the basic rules of solving syllogism question. By the

way remember that there are solution to solve

reasoning questions you don’t add any extra logic

from your side just keep in mind the statements

always true according to conclusions.

Now about your Question 2: this question taken

from mahendra’s ST portal Speed Test for SBI PO

— remember you are not able to solve ” and, or,

both, together etc” type question using UP UN or A

I E O methods… use venn diagram and solve these

question except possibility question to get

accuracy about solving questions. If you are not

able to draw diagram

http://mrunal.org/2013/01/reasoning-syllogism-all-cats-dogs-approach-shortcut-technique-explained-ibps-ssc-csat-cat.html?replytocom=199920#respond




Reply

Vijender Sharma 02/06/2014 at 10:28

Reply

We can solve such questions using

Analytical method (UN UP or AEIO whatever

you call it) only if we know how to reduce

such statements to standard form.

in Sanjeet’s question No. 1 statement

Some hearts are speed and bad should be

rewritten as two different statements

I. Some hearts are speed.

II. Some hearts are bad.

Both the conclusions are converted forms

of the above two statements i.e.

I. Some speed are hearts.

II. Some bad are hearts.

and in question No. 2 Statement


has following implication

I. Some one are two.

II. Some three are two which are one also.

So conclusion I clearly follows and II is

rejected because it is not possibility but it is

definitely true.

Venn Diagram representation of the above

statement would be three intersecting

circles having all the three elements

common.


Reply

Thanks a lot ,Tilak .These are the questions

of Mahenra’s STor SBI PO .This is true .

According to you,I should mix venn

diagram method with my favorite “UP UN”

method .

Tilak 03/06/2014 at 10:25

No! you must know about yourself,

how many questions(types) you









Reply

can solve using above rule.

As I have followed above rule I am

able to solve 60% question

correctly but not whole some

places “UP UN” failed to solve

question. As I discussed previous

year on same topic on same blog I

found “this method is more

difficult on solving non standard

format questions using conversion

rule.”

Only on thing you must able to

solve these questions with minimal

time with accuracy for this which

method you choose depending

only you.

richa 29/05/2014 at 21:12

Reply

could you please provide solution to this question from

SBI PO exam:

all songs are poems.

all poems are rhymes.

no rhyme is a paragraph.

Conclusion: 1-no song is a paragraph.

2-no poem is a paragraph.

Conclusion: 1-all rhymes are poems.

2-all songs are rhymes.

Both the conclusions are two separate questions.

thank you.


Stmt. 1 . UP (so-po)

2.UP (po-rh)

3.UN (rh-pa)

question -1

1+2=UP(so-rh) —— > 4

4+3 =UN(so-pa) conclusion 1 is true

2+3=UN(po-pa) conclusion 2 is true







Reply

question -2

stmt .2 (UP —— > PP ) RH PO

So conclusion 1 is wrong .

conclusion 2 is true as per solution of conclusion 1

of question 1 i.e equation 4 .

Hemen 30/05/2014 at 02:18

Reply

1).Some pups are cows

no kitten are pups

and

2).All lotus are flowers

no lily is a lotus.

i have got different different answers from various

books…..i totally followed your rules but just a little

confusion in here…….so i hope u would focus

ASAP……….thank you


Reply

complete question ?

karthik 01/06/2014 at 10:29

Reply

Hai mrunal i tried your techniques for syllogism in sbi po

previous question papers but out of five only one is

getting correct pls give some sbi po previous yer

questions with solutions.

Tilak 03/06/2014 at 10:30

Reply

Read Analyticay Reasoning by M . K . Pandey and

use Practice book on analytical reasoning by M.

Tyra by BSC Publication

to download pdf version visit easystudy.cu.cc make

a/c and download this syllogism part from

analytical reasoning 107MB pdf

Tilak 29/06/2014 at 06:44

Read Analyticay Reasoning by M . K .













Reply

Pandey and use Practice book on analytical

reasoning by M. Tyra by BSC Publication

to download pdf version visit

easystudy.co.in make a/c and download

this syllogism part from analytical

reasoning 107MB pdf


Reply

What if the given statement are mutually inconsistent as in

the example given below.

A. All verbals are logics.

B. No syllogisms are logics.

C. Some verbals are syllogisms.

Conclusion

I Some syllogisms are logics

II. Some logics are not syllogisms.

III. No logics are syllogisms

IV. Some syllogisms are verbals.

Here the given statements are mutually inconsistent as

A+C = Some syllogisms are logics, but the statement

B say No Syllogisms are logics. So Taking two different

statement will lead to two different inconsistent

conclusions.

SASIKANTH B 23/06/2014 at 20:52

Reply

IV and III are absolutely true, and the ans can be IV

& II and III or IV & iii or None of the above

Check the options for such questions and answer


Another problem in solving syllogistic reasoning questions

by analytical method is the specific cases of syllogisms (

Subsets) e. g.

Statements

A. Some dogs Bark.

B. All Dogs Bite.

C. All Lions bite.

D. Those Animals who bite are not dangerous.









Reply

Conclusions

I. Even those dogs who don’t bark bite.

II. Those dogs who don’t bark, don’t necessarily bite.

III. All those dogs which are of white colour, bite.

IV. Some dogs are lions.

Here I, II are specific conclusion. Statement B says All dogs

bite, so it does not matter whether they bark or don’t. So

Barking dogs and non barking dogs are subset of the term

dogs and therefore I follows.

II does not follow as it goes against what statement B says.

All dogs bite means all dogs necessarily bite,

Sai Grace 05/06/2014 at 13:54

Reply

Sir, I got doubts in the following type of syllogisms.Can u

please explain using our UP-UN method.

1) Statements : No gas is liqiud.

Some liquids are solids.

Conclusions : 1. Some solids being gases is a possibility.

2. Atleast some gases are solids.

(1)Only 1 (2)Only 2 (3)Both 1 and 2 (4)None follows (5)None

of these

3) Statements : Some lines are circles.

All circles are balls.

Conclusions : 1. All ball being lines is a possibility.

2. There is a possibility that some balls are neither circles

nor lines.

(1)only 1 (2)only 2 (3)Both 1 and 2 (4)None follows (5)None

of these

Thank you..

Tilak 25/06/2014 at 10:29

Reply

Try to solve using commonsense else download

reference chart of UP UN Method from

easystudy.co.in after creating account. Thanks

Tilak 26/06/2014 at 18:09









Reply

Possibility question are mostly easy using UP-UN

method. Find the rules and logic and download it

from easystudy.co.in and if any help required then

just drop a request using easystudy.co.in contact

us

Narasimha 29/07/2014 at 17:49

Reply

Use this method http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=fAl0-nIj5VI

Ankur Jain 09/06/2014 at 10:59

Reply

Hi!

Hats off to your method .

yesterday night i was trying solving some practice

questions from Arihant Publication for SBI PO.

atleast in 3 question out of first 10 he has use a single

statement conversion as PP –> PN and choose the

conclusion .. i am confused whether examiner will consider

PP–> PP only or PP –> PP/PN valid… please guide..

Akash 10/07/2014 at 12:09

Reply

Did you get the answer to that ?

Statement 1 – All informative things are useful.

Statement 2 – Some websites are not useful.

Also, could you help me with ^ !?

Deepti 10/06/2014 at 22:58

Hello Sir, could you please provide solution to this

question:

A. All cats,dogs and elephants are rats

B.No elephant is a cat or dog and some cats are dogs.

Conclusion:

1. No rat is cat,dog as well as elephant.

2.Some rats are cats as well as dogs

as per rules two statement syllogism have only three




http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAl0-nIj5VI








Reply

terms, if 4th term given we simply tick ‘no conclusion can

be drawn’. but as per book answer is ‘b’ i.e, some rats are

cats as well as dogs

please guide me.

SASIKANTH B 23/06/2014 at 20:41

Reply

Yes the answer is (b), because you just need to

coverse the statements given to you

A) All cats are rats, all dogs are rats and all

elephants are rats

The above Universal Positive Statement can be

converted to PP statement

Some rats are cats, some rats are dogs and some

rats are elephants

These would be enough to derive at an answer

Ratool Mukherjee 12/06/2014 at 16:05

Reply

Hello,

Your method is wonderful. But i have a doubt here.

For question like:

Some dogs are cats

Some cats are parrots

Conclusion:

1. Some cats are dogs

2. Some parrots are cats

3. All

4. No Conclusion

Here, no syllogism conclusion can be formed since two

particulars are present. But, the conclusions are direct

conversions of the statements. Hence “3. All” should be

the correct answer according to me. But in all the books

“4. No conclusion” is given as the answer.

Please help.

SASIKANTH B 23/06/2014 at 20:44

These conclusions are absolute true based on the

Conversion method of the Immediate Deduction









Reply

Method. You are absolutely right

सकं�प 26/06/2014 at 21:04

Reply

Both r true..

Padmavathy 13/06/2014 at 21:45

Reply

sir

Statement1:Some Pens are pencils

Statement2:Some Pencils are Eraser

Conclusion1;Some Eraser are not pencils

Conclusion2;Some Pencils are pens

As per the above rules answer is no conclusion

but in the book it is given that conclusion 2 follows.

please explain me how to solve this

Tilak 26/06/2014 at 18:15

Reply

I think you must read all rules again— as the

conclusion 2: Some Pencils are pens are

conversion of Statement1: Some Pens are pencils.

hence it’s correct.

The sequence for solving 1. Is consusion from “one

statement conversion means from one line

statement”. 2. Is conclusion from “two statement

means UP UN Method” 3. If conclusions are not

true check weather any either or case holds.

For more visit easystudy.co.in

सकं�प 26/06/2014 at 20:33

My Dear friend…

Conclusion 2 is right (TRUE)

How?

Let’s see..

Statement 1-

Some pens are pencil

In this statement both subject and predicate are











Reply

not distributed

So it means in conclusion also not b distributed…

But

In conclusion 2 pencil is distributed so eliminate

this coz it is wrong conclusion..

Now come to the next statement i.e. 2

Some pencils are eraser (I type)

Again both are not distributed

So again in conclusion must not b distributed..

Let’s see

Conclusion

Some pencils are pen (I type)

Both are not distributed..

So this is the valid conclusion.

My typing is not good

Bt

Matter nt tthis

Please read analytical reasoning by mk pandey BSC

publication for more depth

SANJEET CHAND DWIVEDI 15/06/2014 at 10:08

Reply

Statements:

All bloom are spring.

Some flowers are simple.

No simple is golden.

Conclusions:

I. Only bloom being simple is a possibility.

II. Those golden, which are not simple, being bloom is

possibility.


Reply

As No simple is golden,so “Those golden, which are

not simple, being bloom is possibility.” means that

all golden being bloom is possibility. Just solved

it,by common sense .

SASIKANTH B 23/06/2014 at 21:09









Reply

The first thing you must learn is Syllogisms

are logical statement and you must not use

common sense while solving them.

Because all dogs are cats :P If u use

common sense that makes it false.

Only bloom being simple can be converted

to any of the following 4 statements:

a) All bloom is simple

b) No simple is non bloom

c) No bloom is non simple

d) Some bloom are simple

Hence both 1 and 2 are correct

karna 16/06/2014 at 03:06

Reply

A) if only conclusion I follows

B) if conclusion II follows

C) if either I or II follows

D) if neither I nor II follows

E) if both I and II follows

1. Statements: All businessmen except Bhimji are

dishonest

All dishonest people smoke

Conclusion: I. All businessmen except smoke

Bhimji smokes

2. Statements: Few takers are givers

No givers are almighty

Conclusion: I. Some takers are almighty

II. Some almighty are not takers

karna 16/06/2014 at 03:20

A) if only conclusion I follows

B) if conclusion II follows

C) if either I or II follows

D) if neither I nor II follows

E) if both I and II follows

1. Statements: All businessmen except Bhimji are

dishonest

All dishonest people smoke







Reply

Conclusion: I. All businessmen except

Bhimji smokes

II.Bhimji smokes

2. Statements: Few takers are givers

No givers are almighty

Conclusion: I. Some takers are almighty

II. Some almighty are not takers


Reply

Mrunal Sir,

could you please solve this by UP -UN method as I am

getting different answer from ven diagram as given in

mahendras ST for SBI PO ?

Question :

In each question given below four statements are followed

by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the

four statements to be true even if they seem to be at

variance from the commonly known facts. Read the

conclusions and decide which logically follows from the

given statements disregarding commonly known facts :

Statements-

No memory is good.

No good is bad.

No bad is speed.

Some heart are speed and bad.

Conclusions-

(I) Some bad are heart.

(II) Some speed are heart.

सकं�प 29/06/2014 at 01:36

@ sanjeet

1- according to Law of Distribution borh are invalid

conclusion..

But

By UN/PN method both are valid with last two

statements…

Law of Distribution more considerable in Logic..







Reply

Wts Ans?

Please share…

Narasimha 29/07/2014 at 17:58

Reply

The answer is in the last statement of the question

Some heart are speed and bad= Some heart are

speed and some heart are bad= Some speed are

heart and some bad are heart


Reply

Mrunal Sir,

could you please solve this by UP -UN method as I am

getting different answer from ven diagram as given in

mahendras ST for SBI PO ?

Question :

In each question given below four statements are followed

by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the

four statements to be true even if they seem to be at

variance from the commonly known facts. Read the

conclusions and decide which logically follows from the

given statements disregarding commonly known facts :

Statements-

Some one are two.


No two is four. All four are five.

Conclusions-

(I) Some two are both one and three.

(II) Some one being both two and three is a possibility.


Question :

Each of these questions consists of a question followed by

informations in three statements. You have to study the

question and the statements and decide that information

in which of the statement(s) is/are necessary to answer

the question.

Are some pink, yellow?









Reply

I. All pink are green.

II. Some green are yellow.

III. Some yellow are pink.

Ans – Given Only III are 1 and II together ,in my view only III

follows .As from I and II ,There can be no conclusion drwan

between Pink and Yellow .

Mrunal Sir ,Could you please clearify ?

SASIKANTH B 23/06/2014 at 20:57

Reply

Some yellow are pink can be converted to Some

pink are yellow. Only one option can give the

answer to the question of whether some pink are

yellow.

Pramaada 22/06/2014 at 15:58

Reply

sir,

I have a doubt,as i read somewhere,In special

conversions/for PP subject&predicate should be

interchanged so it must be “some honest are politicians”

please clear my doubt sir.

Sumit Srivastava 23/06/2014 at 17:29

Can somebody please explain the following two:

1) Statements: A graduate is a man

This thief is a graduate

Conclusions: I. This thief is a man

II. Some men are thief

2) Statements: Men are sinners

Saints are men

Conclusions: I. Saints are sinners

II. Sinners are saints

A) If only conclusion I follows

B) If only conclusion II follows

C) If either I or II follows

D) If neither I nor II follows

E) If both I and II follows

Thanks!









Reply

सकं�प 29/06/2014 at 11:06

Reply

Ans-A (both)

utkarsh 27/06/2014 at 20:48

Reply

Hello Sir,

pg 7 R s agarwal

S 1: All students in my class are intelligent(UP)

S 2: Rohit is not intelligent(UN)

C 1: Rohit is not a student of my class

C 2: Rohit must work hard

Answer= only C 1 follows

Acc. to priority order UN should be followed by UP,

and for std. format UP is converted to PP.

and it goes like

S1 : Rohit is not intelligent(UN)

S 2: SOME INTELLIGENT ARE STUDENTS OF MY CLASS (PP)

now, acc to you

UN + PP = PN(C->A) , so it must be like so SOME STUDENT

OF MY CLASS ARE NOT ROHIT.

so finally i got wrong myself, where am i commiting

mistake, if not what is answer,

PLS HELP ME.

सकं�प 29/06/2014 at 01:13

My Dear friend,

Here I’m trying 2 solve ur question..

Let’s see,

Firstly rewrite the question in this way..

1- All student in my class are intelligent

2- Rohit is not intelligent or

Rohit (a student) is not intelligent

(why? Bcoz- a positive sentence with a very definite

exception is also of A type/ UP)

Now

According to conversion priority i.e. IEA

Converse the 2nd proposition n after conversion,









Reply

its look like-

2- All students are intelligent accept ROHIT (A or

UP, wtevr u say)

Now the proposition is-

1- All STUDENTs in my class are INTELLIGENT (A

type or UP)

2- all students are INTELLIGENT accept ROHIT (A

Type or UP)

n according to the conclusion rules…

A+A–A

So conclusion will b-

All r students of my class accept ROHIT

Or

Rohit is not a student of my class

सकं�प 29/06/2014 at 01:23

Reply

My typing mistakes…

Add “why? Bcoz” after with…

Now the proposition is

2- statement………

Sajid 27/06/2014 at 22:29

Reply

when to use either option

सकं�प 28/06/2014 at 01:24

Reply

AO

IO

IE

SAGAR 01/07/2014 at 16:37

can u pls solve this

some towers are lanes

some lanes are roads

some roads are rivers

some rivers are jungles

conclusion;











Reply

1 some jungles are roads

2 some roads are lanes

3 some jungles are towers

4 no jungle is road

Tilak 01/07/2014 at 19:03

Hi Sagar,

It’s too simple you are just taking a pain to solve it.

just be cool and solve with step by step…

Now lets starts…..

First you know where we start and how to

approach to answer with 100% accuracy.. for this

you need mung up some rules(available on R S

agrawal ) for faster approach reason behind this,

on competitive exam you need to solve question in

least time.

Lets starts to solve question step by step..

Conclusion 1 :- some jungles are roads .. take it and

search in statements for jungles and roads —-

weather they are from one statement or two or

more statements.— on seeing the statements we

find that it from two statements—some roads are

rivers and some rivers are jungles…. on it common

term is rivers….now we know that some + some =

no conclusion….hence this conclusion is incorrect

Conclusion 2 :- some roads are lanes .. take it and

search in statements for roads and lanes —-



find that it from one statement—some lanes are

roads…. and conclusion is conversion of this

statement….hence as per conversion rule this

conclusion is correct.

Conclusion 3 :- some jungles are towers .. take it

and search in statements for jungles and towers

—-weather they are from one statement or two or


find that it from four statements—some towers are





lanes, some lanes are roads, some roads are rivers

and some rivers are jungles…. here you may be

confuse ..but don’t worry just keep and start form

first to last –by means …just cancel all middle

terms —-now add every some or else-were mean

some+some etc…..here all statement are in

some….hence no conclusion form first to

last(remember minimum two statements

included). Hence this conclusion is incorrect.

Conclusion 4 :- no jungle is road .. take it and

search in statements for jungles and roads —-



find that no negative statement are

statement….hence this conclusion is incorrect

Now what we can do just tick the answer “only

conclusion two follow”…no it’s a wrong

practice….we have left one step which is to check

either or pair …for this take all incorrect

conclusion and search for which have subject and

predicate are same and one is negative and one is

positive and most important one statement must

be particular by mean some or some not…..after

searching in incorrect conclusions we have find

Conclusion 1 :- some jungles are roads and

Conclusion 4 :- no jungle is road have same

predicate and one is negative, one is positive and

one particular also… hence here either or case

follow by means “either 1 or 4 is follow” —-

hence correct answer is ……only 2 and either 1 or

4 follow….. for more best tricks visit my website

which is belong same rules possibility tutorial…

easystudy.co.in

May be some typing mistake or grammar or

spelling mistakes just ignore it…

Thanks to read a boring comment…but may be it’s

help you…

Any correction is mostly welcome…

Thanks…



Reply

Hema 01/07/2014 at 20:16

Reply

Good Tilak… I will definately visit your

website……

Very Good!!!!!

aditya 02/07/2014 at 12:43

Reply

Sir is thr any othr way of solvng these sums bcoz

conversion method is quite vry confusing nd lengthy

Tilak 04/07/2014 at 09:31

Reply

Where you have problem ???

Vikas Agre 11/07/2014 at 12:30

Reply

can u plz explain me check either 1 or 2, 3

or 4 type questions???

Akash 08/07/2014 at 01:12

Reply

Dude, this helped A LOT !!! You have excellent teaching

skills (and writing too) ! Way to go !

Vikas Agre 08/07/2014 at 17:16

Reply

no color is paint

no paint is a brush

conclusions 1. no color is brush 2.all brushes are color

..as per this method no conclusion because both are

negative..but ans of this question is either conclusion 1 or

2 follows..please i need help

Akash 10/07/2014 at 12:13

Reply

Would someone kindly explain PP + PN questions ! I am

getting wrong answers most of the times ! :/

pratibha 11/07/2014 at 19:31

In the above question Demoq: crazy men and



















Reply

women,conclusion 4 which is “some crazy are women”

follows.but if the same is solved by distribution method

whose one of the rule says”conclusion must not contain

middle term”,conclusion 4 should not follow as it contains

middle term.Answers are in contrast in both

methods.what to do?please help..

pratibha 11/07/2014 at 19:34

Reply

In the above question Demoq: crazy men and

women,conclusion 4 which is “some crazy are women”

follows.but if the same is solved by distribution method

whose one of the rule says”conclusion must not contain

middle term”,conclusion 4 should not follow as it contains

middle term(women)..Answers are in contrast in both

methods.what to do?please help..

pratibha 12/07/2014 at 17:52

Reply

statement-All x are y.

some x are z.

conlusion- some y are z

some z are y.

some y are not z.

some z are not y.

answer – 1,2,and 3 follows.

here we will convert pp into pp. this makes 2nd statement

as some z are x.then we will interchnge the the

statements.this gives pp+up combo.resulting into pp.so

answer should b 1 and 2 only. how 3 follows??

Diptiranjan 21/07/2014 at 13:54

Reply

Sir,

would u kindly provide any tricks for possibility questions

on sylloism by AEIO method….. Thank you

riya 21/07/2014 at 17:16

Reply

sir plz explain possibility case.. question












UJJAWAL 23/07/2014 at 17:38

Reply

please provide the solution of following :

1. STATEMENTS: A.some trains are car.

B.all cars are rivers.

C.some roads are river.

CONCLUSION: 1.some rivers are train.

2.some roads are train

3.some roads are car.

4.some rivers are road.

4 follows

only 1 and 2 follow

onlu either1 or 3 follows.

only either 2 or 3 follows.

only either 1 or 4 follows

ans : 4 follows

USMAN 25/07/2014 at 00:37

Reply

while using the UP UN method iam getting different

answer

example:

Statements: SOME AS ARE NOT BS

ALL CS ARE BS

CONCLUSION: SOME AS ARE NOT CS

As per combo rule, it is not in standard form

if we convert second up to pp we can conclude that there

is no mediate inference

bcz PN+PP – No conversion but using venn diagram i am

getting the conclusion as true

could you plz reply me

Akash 09/08/2014 at 10:38

Reply

Friend, if you find any method for this, kindly let me

know too !!! I have been trying to find a method for

PP + PN for a long time, couldn’t get it !! I’d be

highly obliged ! :

viratian 02/08/2014 at 14:58

Statements:










Reply

S1: Some states are capitals

S2: No pens are capitals

Conclusion:

1. Some statements are not pens

2. All states are pens

3. Some pens are not states

4. All pens are states

I. Only 1 follows

II. Only 3 follows

III. Either 1 or 2 follows

IV. Either 3 or 4 and 1 follows

V. 1 and 3 follow.

vikas 03/08/2014 at 15:19

Reply

all classes are lions

some birds are classes

all pens are lions

conclusion

no pen is bird

some birds are pens

from 2 and 3 statement no conclusion follows bcoz they

having 4 terms(birds classes pens lions) thats y we cant

conclude any statement from these two statements. but

conclusion 1 is negative 2 is positive and it also particular

so either 1 or 2 follows. i hope i m right. but tell me one

thing should we always consider those 2

statesments(some birds are classes and all pens are lions

to find given conlusion is following or not..? or we should

derive more conclusion with the help of first statement??

plz help me

V.T 08/08/2014 at 12:43

Thanxx MRUNAL …. for being so much helpful…

plz solve ..one question:

statement : 1. some boys are cloud.

2. Gopal is a boy.

conclusion: 1. Gopal is cloud.

2. some boys are not cloud.







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Abhi 09/08/2014 at 21:59

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@ VT neither conclusion follows

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