SWAMI RAMANAND TEERTH MARATHWADA UNIVERSITY, NANDED

M.A. FIRST YEAR SEMESTER-II PHILOSOPHY

SYLLABUS ( Faculty of Social Sciences )

( EFFECTIVE FROM JUNE 2008 ONWARDS )

( Note : Ineternal assessment and external asessment 20+80 = 100 )

Syllabus of M.A. First Year (Semester Pattern)

Philosophy with effect from June 2008

Semester - I

Paper - I Contemporary Moral Philosophy

Paper - II Gandhian Thought- Moral Philosophy

Paper -III Basic Concepts in Political Philosophy

OR

Trends in Political Philosophy

Paper -IV Inductive Logic

OR

Symbolic Logic

OR

Indian Logic

Semester -II

Paper -V Contemporary Moral Philosophy

Paper-VI Gandian Thought- Social and Political Philosophy

Paper - VII Basic Concepts in Political Philosophy

OR

Trends in Political Philosophy

Paper- VIII Deductive Logic

OR

Symbolic Logic

OR

Indian Logic

( Note : Internal assessment and external assessment 20+80 = 100 )

M.A. First Year Semester -I

Paper - I

CONTEMPORARY MORAL PHILOSOPHY

1) Chapter- I : Meta Ethics :

1) Definition

2) Nature and problems of meta - ethics

3) Normative ethics and Meta- ethics - Distinction and relation between

them

4) Moral Concepts - good, right, ought ,duty, Justice, obligation.

2) Chapter - II : Moral Language :

1) What is language

2) Different uses of language

3) Problem concerning moral language

4) Classification of meta- ethical theories :

Cognitivism and non- congnitivism, Cognitive and non- cognitive

theories

3) Chapter - III :Ethical Naturalism :

1) Naturalism : Definition ,

2) Nature of Moral judgement

3) Hedonism as an ethical naturalism

4) Types of naturalism - subjectivism and objectivism, critical

estimation of

ethical naturalism.

4) Chapter - IV : Ethical Non- Naturalism

1) Definition

2) Nature of moral judgement

3) Naturalism and non- naturalism- similarities and dissimilarities

4) G.E. Moore -

a) Nature of the notion ‘good’

b) Naturalistic fallacy

c) Open question argument d) Critical estimation of ethical non- naturalism

Reference book 1. Principia Ethica : G.E. Moore

2. Language, Truth and Logic : A.J. Ayer

3. Ethics and Language : C.L. Stevenson

4. Language of morals : R.M. Hare

5. Ethics : P.H. Nowell-smith

6. Theories of Ethics : Philippa Foot

7. The Methods of Ethics : Henry Sidgwick

8. A Mannual of Ethics : John S. Mackenzie

9. Modern Moral Philosophy : W.D. Hudson

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M.A. First Year Semester- I

GANDHIAN THOUGHTS - MORAL PHILOSOPHY ( PAPER- II )

1) Chapter- I : Mahatma Gandhi - Life and Personality

i) Major incidents in Gandhiji’s life

ii) Major qualities in Gandhiji’s personality

iii) Sources of Gandhian Thought- Eastern ( Upanishadas, Bhagavat

Geeta and Jainism)

iv) Sources of Gandhian Thought- Western (Bible, Ruskin and Tolstoy)

2) Chapter - II : Treatment to Moral Concepts

i) Concept of man and society

ii) Satya and Ahimsa (Truth and non- violence)

iii) Concept of inner voice and God

iv) Morality and Religion, Anasakti Yoga

3) Chapter - III : Gandhiji on Vows- Truth, Non- Violence

Brahmacharya, non- stealing, non- possession, fearless, bread labour,

Swadeshi,

Toleration of all region

4) Chapter - IV :Gandhiji’s Concept of Satyagraha :

i) Meaning of Satyagraha

ii) Nature of Satyagraha

iii) Various techniques of Satyagraha

iv) Characteristics of an ideal Satyagrahi

Books for reading and Reference :

1) Gandhi M.K. - Sarvodaya

2) Gandhi M.K. - In Search of the Supreme

3) Bose N.K. - Selections from Gandhi

4) Datta D.M. - The Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi

5) Tikekar Indu - Gandhian Thought

6) G.Ramchandran and

T.K. Mahadevan - Gandhi : His Relevance for our Times

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M.A. First Year Semester - I Paper –III

( Basic Concepts in Political Philosophy )

1) The concept of freedom :

a) The meaning of freedom

b) Types of freedom

c) Determinism and Indeterminism

d) Mill’s concept of liberty

2) Concept of Equality :

a) The meaning of equality

b) Various aspects of eqaulity

c) Whether liberty and equality complementary or conflicting ?

d) Relation between justice and equality.

e) Mahatma Phule and Dr. Ambedkar’s views on equality.

3) Concept of Justice :

a) Meaning of Justice

b) Nature of Justice

c) J. Rowel’s concept of Justice

d) Nozick’s views on justice

e) Plato’s concept of justice .

4) The concept of right :

a) Need and nature of Human rights.

b) Various aspects of right.

c) The theory of natural rights.

d) Nature of moral rights.

e) Fundamental Human rights : Nature, types and justification :

5) The concept of duty and obligation :

a) The meaning of duty

b) Nature of obligation

c) Relation between duty and obligation

d) The concept of political obligation

e) Duty and responsibility

f) Fundamental duties under the Indian Constitution - a critical study. g) The relation between right and duty.

Books for reading and reference :

1) Problems of political philosopy : D.D. Raphael

2) An introduction to political philosophy : Alan Ryan

3) Political philosophy : Anthony Quinton

4) Political Philosophy : Verma V.P.

5) Capitalism, Socialism and democracy : Schumpetore J.A.

6) Principles of social and political theory : Barker E.

7) Theory of Justice : Rawls J.A.

8) Theories of Right : Weldon J. (ed)

9) Poverty, Power, Progress, Panchsheel : S.S. Barlingay

10) Constitution of India : Published by Govt. of India, Ministry of Law

11) Political Theory : G.C.Field

12) Poilitical Theory : Brecht

13) A History of Political Theory : Sabine G.H.

14) Republic : Plato

15) On Liberty : J.S. Mill

16) Equality : F.H. Tawn

17) Political ideals : C.D. Bruns

18) Communist manifesto : Karl Marx

19) Philosophy of right : Hegel

20) Thinkers of the Indian Renaissance - Bishop

21) Law of Press : Durgadas Basu (Relavant Pages Particularly for need for

right to privacy)

22) Readings in political philosophy : Coker F.W.

23) Recent Political thought : V.D. Mahajan

24) The essentials of democracy : Lindsay A.D.

25) English Political Philosophy : Gratlam

26) Social Principles and democractic state : Benn S.I. and Peters R.S.

27) Open Society and Enemies : Karl Popper

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OR M.A. First Year

Semester- I TRENDS IN POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

( PAPER- III )

1) Chapter- I : Liberalism - Nature and Basic Principles

2) Chapter - II : Liberalism and J.S. Mill

i) Mill’s concepts of Liberty

ii) Mill’s concepts of Man and Society

iii) Mill’s views on representative Government

iv) Mill’s views on subjection of women.

3) Chapter - III : Marxism - Origin, Development and Basic principles.

4) Chapter - IV : Marxism and Karl Marx

i) Marx on Man and Society

ii) Marx concept of Dialectical Materialism

iii) Marx concept of Alienation

iv) Marx on class struggle and revolution.

v) Marx’s concept of communism.

5) Chapter - V : Fascism

1) Origin and definition of Fascism.

2) Fascist Philosophy in general

3) Fascism and imperialism

4) Fascism and Communism 5) Criticism of Fascism.

Books for reading and Reference :

1) On Liberty - Mill

2) Communist Manifesto - Karl Marx

3) Hind Swaraj- M.K. Gandhi

4) Thinkers of the Indian Renaissance - Bishop

5) Recent Political Thought- V.D. Mahajan

6) History of Western Philosophy - Russell Bertrand

7) German Philosophy and Politics - Dewey J.

8) Social Principles and Democratic State - Ben and Peter

9) The essentials of Democracy - Lindsay A.D.

10) Critical Examination of Socialism - Mallock W.H.

11) Readings in Political Philosophy - Coker F.W.

12) History of Political Thought - Doyle

13) English Political Philosophy - Graham

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M.A. First Year Semister- I

Paper No. IV INDUCTIVE LOGIC

1) Chapter- I : Inductive inference : Nature and types

a) Nature and types of reasoning (Inference).

b) Nature of induction.

c) Distinction between inductive and deductive reasoning

d) Problem of induction.

e) Types of induction : Simple enumerative induction, scientific

induction and Analogy.

f) Perfect induction as induction improper.

2) Chapter II : Formal Grounds of induction .

a) Principle of uniformity of Nature and principle of causality as formal

grounds of induction.

b) Principle of uniformity of nature : Statement and justification,

Paradox of induction.

c) Principle of causality : Statement and justification.

d) The notion of cause : Aristotle, Hume and Mill

e) Pupular notion of cause, Logical fallacies in causation.

f) Scientific notion of cause.

g) Notion of functional dependence.

3) Chapter III : Material grounds of induction

a) Observation, experiment and testimony as material grounds of

induction

b) Observation : Meaning, Definition, General Conditions and Logical

fallacies in observation

c) Nature of experiment.

d) Distinction between observation and experiment.

e) Relative advantageous and disadvantageous of observation and

experiment.

f) Testimony : Need, nature and types, valid condition of testimony,

g) Importance of testimony.

4) Chapter IV :Hypothesis and Mill’s inductive methods :

a) Nature of Hypothesis.

b) Origin of Hypothesis.

c) Various types of Hypothesis

d) Conditions of legitimate Hypothesis.

e) Verification as proof of Hypothesis.

f) Mill’s methods : Method of agreement and method of difference.

5) Chapter V : Method of probable reasoning and statistical inference :

a) Method of probable reasoning : Its nature and grounds

b) Methods of measuring probabilities : Addition thereom and product

theorem.

c) Nature and stages of statistical method.

d) Measurements of central tendencies : Mean, median and mode.

e) Coefficient of correlation : It’s Nature and Rank correlation (spear

man’s ethod) f) Exercises in calculating coefficient of rank correlation.

-: BOOKS FOR READING AND REFERENCE :-

1) Introduction to Logic : I.M. Copi and Carl Cotlen.

2) Modern Introduction to logic: L.S. Stebbing

3) Introduction to logic and scientific methods : Cohe and Nagel

4) Text Book of Logic : A. Wolf

5) Philosophy of Science : Carl Hemple

6) Introduction to Philosophy of Sciecne : R. Carnap

7) Structure of Science : Ernest Nagel

8) Induction and Hypothesis : S.F. Barker

9) Probability and inductive Logic: H.E. Kyberg

10) The Logical Problems of Induction : G.H. Von right (Relevant chapter

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OR M.A. First Year

Semister - I Paper No. IV

( Symbolic Logic)

PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC

1) Chapter- I : Decision Procedure : Normal Forms.

a) Normal forms as decision procedure.

b) Boolean rule of expansion : its nature and use in normal forms.

c) Conjunctive normal forms : Its nature and technique, practical

examples in CNF

d) Disjunctive normal forms : Its natue and technique, exercises in CNF

e) Perfect normal forms : Perfect CNF and perfect DNF.

2) Chapter II : Horn clause method as a decision procedure

a) Horn clause method (Resolution method) : A new invention, its

nature and technique.

b) Resolution method as a decision procedure.

c) Testing validity of an argument by Horn clause method.

d) Exercises in Horn clause method for deciding whether propositional

forms tautologies or not.

3) Chapter III : Methods of deduction

a) Incompleteness of 19 rules.

b) Method of conditional proof : Nature and technique.

c) Strengthened rule of conditional proof.

d) Method of indirect proof.

4) Chapter IV : Proof of tautologies

a) Proof of tautologies by C.P.

b) Proof of tautologies by I.P.

5) Chapter V : Axiomatic system

a) Nature of an aximoatic system.

b) Elements of deductive system and their role.

c) Evaluation of deductive system in terms of consistency

completeness and independence.

d) Russell’s P.M.system : Its nature and elements.

e) Proof of first 15 theorems in P.M. system .

-: BOOKS FOR READING AND REFERENCE :-

1) Symbolic Logic : I.M. Copi and Carl Cohen.

2) Introduction to Logic : I.M. Copi and Carl Cohen.

3) Elements of formal logic : Hughes and londey

4) Elements of Logic : Stephen Barker

5) Introduction to symbolic logic : Basson A.H. and O. Connor D.J.

6) A Modern Introduction to logic : L.S. Stebbing

7) Method of Logic : Quine W.V.O.

8) Logic by way of set theory : Ehlers.

9) Introduction to Logic : P. Suppees (Chapter on set theory)

10) An Introduction to Mathematical Logic : Dr. Surendra Gaidhane

(Pragatshil Sahitya Kendra Nagpur)

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OR M.A. First Year

Semester- I INDIAN LOGIC

( PAPER- IV ) 1) Chapter- I : A Historical Introduction

2) Chapter - II : Knowledge and Language

i) Pramana or Means of Knowledge

ii) Prelinguistic Knowledge and Judgement

iii) Language- The Formal factors- Akanksa, Yogyata-

Sannidhi- Tatparya- Saktigraha and Laksana.

iv) The use of symbols in Panini’s methodology of grammar.

3) Chapter - III : Judgements, Propositions and Functions

1) Metaphysical basis.

2) Varieties of Functions in the Nyaya logic.

3) Tannistha...... Tadvat...... and Tadavacchinna- Anuyogi- Pratiyogi.

4) Sabdabodha.

5) Propositions and descriptions.

6) Types of propositions.

4) Chapter - IV : Truth Functions, Definitions and Upadhi

i) Truth functions- And or conjunction- ‘‘Or’’ or alternation-

Disjunction- If- then- Not - Equivalence.

ii) Definitions.

iii) Upathi

5) Chapter - V : The Theory of Negation, Non- existence and

Contradiction

1) The theory of Negation

2) The nature of Non- existence

3) A note on Viraha- pratiyogi.

Books for reading and Reference : 1) ³ÖÖ¸üŸÖßµÖ ŸÖ�Ôú¿ÖÖáÖÖ“Öß ¹ý¯Ö êü�ÖÖ - ›üÖò. ÃÖã Óüê¦ü ²ÖÖ¸üØ»Ö�Öê,›üÖò. �ÎúÖÓŸÖ߯ÖϳÖÖ ¯ÖÖÓ›êü 2) A Modern Introduction to Indian Logic- Dr. S.S. Barlinge

SWAMI RAMANAND TEERTH MARATHWADA UNIVERSITY, NANDED

M.A. FIRST YEAR SEMESTER-II PHILOSOPHY

SYLLABUS ( Faculty of Social Sciences )

( EFFECTIVE FROM JUNE 2008 ONWARDS )

( Note : Ineternal assessment and external asessment 20+80 = 100 )

M.A. First Year Semester -II Paper No. V

CONTEMPORARY MORAL PHILOSOPHY

1) Chapter -I : Ethical Emotivism

1) Definition, Nature of moral judgement, Types of emotivism

2) A.J. Ayer’s account of moral language, Nature of moral language,

Ayer’s

criticism of other ethical theories, Critical estimation of A.J. Ayer’s

view.

3) C.L. Stevenson : Emotive and descriptive meaning, nature of moral

language, nature of moral disagreement, analysis of value

judgement, critical estimation

of C.L. stevenson.

2) Chapter -II : Prescriptivism :

1) Definition, nature of moral language,

2) Hare’s criticism against naturalism , meaning and criteria of ‘‘good’’

description and evaluation.

3) Critical evaluation of prescriptivism.

4) Nowell smith-Nature of moral judgement, Janus- word ‘‘good’’

3) Chapter -III : Neo- naturalism

1) Definition, nature of moral language, presuppositions of neo-

naturalism

2) P.T. Geach - predicative adjective and attributive adjective, nature of

moral judgment

3) Philippi foot - Nature of moral judgment, philippic foot against

prescriptivism

4) Chapter - IV : Theory of Comparison :

1) Nature of Value- judgment,

2) Quality and relation words, ‘good’ as relational term showing

comparison. Analysis of value judgment.

Reference book 1. Principia Ethics : G.E. Moore

2. Language, Truth and Logic : A. J. Ayer

3. Ethics and Language : C.L. Stevenson

4. Language of morals : R.M. Hare

5. Ethics : P.H. Nowell-smith

6. Theories of Ethics : Philippa Foot

7. The Methods of Ethics : Henry Sidgwick

8. A Mannual of Ethics : John S. Mackenzie

9. Modern Moral Philosophy : W.D. Hudson

10. ü Öæ»µÖ ×­Ö¾Öê¤ü­Ö - ‹�ú †×ŸÖ­ÖßןֿÖÖáÖßµÖ ×“Ö×�úŸÃÖÖ- ›üÖò.ÃÖã Óü ê¦ü �ÖÖµÖ¬Ö­Öê

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M.A. First Year Semester- II

GANDHIAN THOUGHTS - SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

( PAPER- VI )

1) Chapter- I : Ghandiji’s Critique of Modern Civilization

i) Unemployment

ii) Exploitation

iii) Dehumanization

iv) Violence

2) Chapter - II : Ghandiji’s Concept of Sarvodaya

i) Meaning of Sarvodaya

ii) Ideal Society (Ramrajya)

iii) Implication of Concept of Ramrajya

iv) Criticism of Marxism

3) Chapter - III : Gandhiji’s Political Ideas

i) Concept of Swaraj

ii) Rights and duties

iii) Spiritualization and politics

iv) Stateless Society

4) Chapter - IV : Gandhiji’s Views Regarding Social Issues :

i) Untouchability

ii) Communal Harmony

iii) Status of Women

iv) Prohibition

v) Village Industries

vi) Basic Education

vii) National Language - Hidustani

viii) Decentralization

ix) Trusteeship

5) Relevance of Gandhiji for Today

Books for reading and Reference :

1) Gandhi M.K. - Hind Swaraj

2) Bharati K.S. - Foundations of Gandhi on Thought

3) Anderwes C.E. - Mahatma Gandhi’s Idea

4) Biswas S.C. (ed.) - Gandhi : Theory and Practice

5) Iyer Raghvan - Moral and Political Writings of Gandhi

6) Narvane V.S. - Modern Indian Thought

7) Ramchandran G. and

Mahadevan T.K. - Gandhi- His relevance for our times.

8) Radhakrishan S. - M.K. Gandhi- 100 years

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M.A. First Year Semester - II Paper –VII

BASIC CONCEPTS IN POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

1) Democracy :

a) The concept of democracy

b) Essential features of democracy

c) Foundation and justification of democratic social order

d) Pandit Nehru’s views on democracy.

2) Socialism :

a) The meaning of socialism

b) The concept of socialism

c) Foundations of socialism

d) Principles of socialist social order

e) Socialism as a response to capitalism

f) J.P. Narayan’s views on socialism

h) Nature of democratic socialism

3) Secularism :

a) The meaning of secularism

b) Nature of secularism

c) Various aspects of secularism

d) Is India a secular state ?

e) Pandit Nehru’s view on secularism

4) Liberalism :

a) The meaning of liberalism

b) Liberalism as a basic principle

c) Concpet of liberalism

d) Main features of liberalism

e) Pandit Nehru’s view on Liberty

5) Marxism :

a) Marx on man and society

b) Nature and characteristics of dialectic materialism

c) Marx on ‘alienation’

d) Marxian theory of class struggle and revolution

e) Max’s concept of communism

Books for reading and reference :

1) Problems of political philosophy : D.D. Raphael

2) An introduction to political philosophy : Alan Ryan

3) Political philosophy : Anthony Quinton

4) Political Philosophy : Verma V.P.

5) Capitalism, Socialism and democracy : Schumpeter J.A.

6) Principles of social and political theory : Barker E.

7) Theory of Justice : Rawls J.A.

8) Theories of Right : Weldon J. (ed)

9) Poverty, Power, Progress, Panchsheel : S.S. Barlingay

10) Constitution of India : Published by Govt. of India, Ministry of Law

11) Political Theory : G.C.Field

12) Poilitical Theory : Brecht

13) A History of Political Theory : Sabine G.H.

14) Republic : Plato

15) On Liberty : J.S. Mill

16) Equality : F.H. Tawn

17) Political ideals : C.D. Bruns

18) Communist manifesto : Karl Marx

19) Philosophy of right : Hegel

20) Thinkers of the Indian Renaissance - Bishop

21) Law of Press : Durgadas Basu (Relavant Pages Particularly for need for

right to privacy)

22) Readings in political philosophy : Coker F.W.

23) Recent Political thought : V.D. Mahajan

24) The essentials of democracy : Lindsay A.D.

25) English Political Philosophy : Gratlam

26) Social Principles and democratic state : Benn S.I. and Peters R.S.

27) Open Society and Enemies : Karl Popper

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OR M.A. First Year

Semester- II TRENDS IN POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

( PAPER- VII )

1) Chapter- I : Sarvodaya : Nature and Basic Principles.

2) Chapter - II : M. K. Gandhi

i) Gandhi on Man and Society

ii) Gandhi on Truth and Non- violence

iii) Gandhi on Means and Ends

iv) Gandhi on Morality

3) Chapter - III : Democratic Socialism Pandit Nehru

1) Nehru’s concept of Freedom

2) Nehru’s concept of Democracy

3) Nehru’s on Socialism

4) Nehru’s on Secularism

4) Chapter - IV : Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

i) Ambedkar on Social Equality

ii) Ambedkar on Freedom

iii) Ambedkar on Democracy

iv) Ambedkar on socialism

5) Chapter - V : S. Radhakrishan

1) Radhakrishnan on Freedom

2) Radhakrishnan on Democracry

3) Radhakrishnan on Internationalism

4) Radhakrishnan on Peace.

Books for reading and Reference :

1) On Liberty - Mill J.S.

2) Communist Manifesto - Karl Marx

3) Hind Swaraj- M.K. Gandhi

4) Thinkers of the Indian Renaissance - Bishop

5) Recent Political Thought- V.D. Mahajan

6) History of Western Philosophy - Russell Bertrand

7) German Philosophy and Politics - Dewey J.

8) Social Principles and Democratic State - Ben and Peter

9) The essentials of Democracy - Lindsay A.D.

10) Critical Examination of Socialism- Mallock W.H.

11) Readings in Political Philosophy- Coker F.W.

12) History of Political Thought- Doyle

13) English Political Philosophy- Graham

14) Political Thought- Wayper C.L.

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M.A. First Year Semister- II

Paper No. VIII DEDUCTIVE LOGIC

1) Chapter- I : Definition, nature and scope of Logic

a) Definition of Logic.

b) Nature and scope of Logic

c) Logic as formal science.

d) Normative nature of logic.

e) Tranditional classification of propositions.

f) Fourfold scheme of categorical propositions.

g) Doctrine of distribution of terms.

h) Relation of Logic to other sciences

i) Logic and Rehetoric ii) Logic and Languages

iii) Logic and grammar iv) Logic and mathematics.

2) Chapter II : Immediate inference

a) Nature and types of inference.

b) Immediate and mediate inference.

c) Varieties of inference based on opposition rules.

d) Square of opposition.

e) Eduction : Conversion and observation

f) Difference between opposition and eduction.

3) Chapter III : Mediate inference

a) Nature and kinds of mediates inference.

b) Categorical syllogism : Its nature, structure and general rules.

c) Modes and figures.

d) Aristotle’s dictum

e) Mixed Hypothetical syllogism.

f) Disjunctive syllogism.

g) Dilemma

h) Fallacies concerning with categorical syllogism.

4) Chapter IV : Laws of thought

a) Law of identity

b) Law of Coctradiction

c) Law of execluded middle

d) Law of sufficient reason

5) Chapter V : Logical fallacies

a) Deductive formal fallacies : Verbal and nonverbal

b) Verbal - Fallacy of equivocation, Amphiboly, Composition,

Division, Accent, figure of speech.

c) Noverbal - Fallacy of accident, converse fallacy of accident, petition

principii, Ignoration elenchi and its various forms, Fallacy of many

questions.

Books for Reading and Reference :

1) Introduction to Logic - I.M. Copi and Cohen Carl

2) Elements f Logic - Hughes and Londey

3) Modern Introduction to Logic - Stebbing L.S.

4) Introduction to deductive Logic - Lablan H

5) Elements of Logic - Stephen Barker

6) Text Book of Logic - Wolf

7) An Introduction to Logic and

Scientific method - Cohen and Nagel

8) Methods of Logic - W.V.O. Quine

9) Text Book of deductive Logic - B.N. Roy

10) A Hand Book of Logic -

(Part I and II) V.P. Patwardhan

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OR M.A. First Year

Semister II Paper - VIII

( Symbolic Logic)

ADVANCED PREDICATE LOGIC

1. Chapter - I Advanced Predicate logic

a) Indtroductory predicate logic.

b) Singly and multiply general propositons.

c) The nature and definition of multiply general propositions.

Two Varieties i) Truth functionally compound

ii) One general proposition containing another

general proposition within it.

d) Exercises in symbolizing both kinds of multiply general

propositions.

e) Revised rules of quantification : UI UG, EI and EG.

f) Exercises in proving validity of arguments involving multiply

general

propositions, using revised rules.

g) Rule of quantifier negation.

2) Chapter -II : Proving logical Truth involving quantifiers.

a) Examples on proving logical truth involving quantifiers.

3) Chapter III : Proving invalidity of invalid arguments.

a) The basis of demonstration of invalidity of arguments.

b) Method of demonstrating invalidity of arguments in predicate

logic(Through assumptions of increasing universe of discourse.)

c) Exercises in demonstrating the invalidity of arguments in predicate

logic.

4) Chapter IV : Relational logic

a) Relational logic as an extension of predicate logic.

b) Nature, logical structure and kinds of relational propositions.

c) Symbolizing relational propositions, exercises in symbolization of

relational propositions.

d) Properties of dyadic relations :

Symmetry/ Asymmetry/ Non- symmetry/ Transitivity/ intransitivity/

Non- intransitivity, Reflexivity/ Irreflexivity/ Non- reflexivity

e) Proving validity of relational arguments by direct and conditional

proof.

f) Enthymem : Its nature, proving validity of relations enthymic

argument.

g) Study of identify as relations (symbolizations) only, no examples for

proving validity of the arguments.

5) Chapter - V : Elements of set theory

a) Definitions : set, element of set, sub-set, proper, null set and

universal set.

b) Modes of specifying a set : listing and defining.

c) Basic operations on set : Union, intersection and complementary.

d) Practical examples on set operations.

e) Rule of commutation, Association, Distribution and Demorgans laws

in terms of set theory. f) Interpreting A.E.I. and O. propositions in terms of set theory.

-: BOOKS FOR READING AND REFERENCE :-

1) Symbolic Logic : I.M. Copi and Carl Cohen.

2) Introduction to Logic : I.M. Copi and Carl Cothen.

3) Elements of formal logic : Hughes and londey

4) Elements of Logic : Stephen Barker

5) Introduction to symbolic logic : Basson A.H. and O. Connor D.J.

6) A Modern Introduction to logic : L.S. Stebbing

7) Method of Logic : Quine W.V.O.

8) Logic by way of set theory : Ehlers.

9) Introduction to Logic : P. Suppees (Chapter on set theory)

10) An Introduction Mathematical Logic : Dr. Surendra Gaidhane

(Pragatishil Sahitya Kendra Nagpur)

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OR M.A. First Year

Semester- II INDIAN LOGIC

( PAPER- VIII )

1) Chapter- I : The Theory of Samanya or Jati 2) Chapter - II : Functions in Nyaya Logic i) The Theory of Relation ii) A note on Nirupya- nirupakabhava 3) Chapter - III : Inference 1) The development of the theory of inference 2) The Nature of Paramarsa- Paramarsa and Anumiti 3) Significance of Tarka- Stronger implication and its basis 4) Three laws of implications as the basis of inference 5) Vyapti 6) Definitions of Vyapti 7) Drstanta 8) Fallacies 9) Purvavat and Sesavat inference 10) Indian and Greek syllogism 4) Chapter - IV : Inductive Elements in Indian Logic i) Knowledge - empirical and probable. ii) The problem of Vyaptigrahopaya- Bhuyo- Darsana Sahacaragraha - Semistar - Vyabhicaragraha - Tarka- Doubt about

Knowledge expressed by Carvakas - The Nyaya solution. iii) The faculty of knowing universals. iv) Jnana - Laksna - Pratyasti - analogical knowledge. v) Upamana. vi) Elements in causal process - Arambhavada- Cause- Different causes. 5) Chapter - V : Symbols, Formalized Language and Meta- language Books for reading and Reference : 1) ³ÖÖ¸üŸÖßµÖ ŸÖ�Ôú¿ÖÖáÖÖ“Öß ¹ý¯Ö êü�ÖÖ - ›üÖò. ÃÖã ëü¦ü ²ÖÖ¸üØ»Ö�Öê, ›üÖò. �ÎúÖÓŸÖ߯ÖϳÖÖ ¯ÖÖÓ›êü 2) A Modern Introduction to Indian Logic - Dr. S.S. Barlingay