SYLLABUS M.Tech. Hydraulics Engineering 2014-2015€¦ · SYLLABUS M.Tech. Hydraulics Engineering 2014-2015 . THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING . AUTONOMOUS UNDER VTU . Accredited

SYLLABUS

M.Tech.

Hydraulics Engineering

2014-2015

THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

AUTONOMOUS UNDER VTU Accredited by National Bureau of Accreditation (NBA) New Delhi

Approved by AICTE, New Delhi

MYSORE – 570 008, INDIA

0

M.Tech.

Hydraulics Engineering

2014-2015

SYLLABUS

SCHEME OF TEACHING AND EXAMINATION

Department of Civil Engineering

1

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

VISION OF THE COLLEGE NIE will be a globally acknowledged institution providing value based technological and educational services through best-in-class people and infrastructure

VISION OF THE DEPARTMENT The department will be an internationally recognized centre for value based learning, research and consultancy services in Civil Engineering.

MISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT • Consistently imparting value based education through competent faculty and

facilities. • Engaging in research and development activities including collaborative and

sponsored endeavors. • Actively contributing to societal needs by providing quality consultancy services

with special emphasis on sustainable development.

GRADUATES ATTRIBUTES

1. Scholarship of knowledge Acquire in depth knowledge of specific discipline or professional area, including wider and global perspective, with an ability to discriminate, evaluate, analyse and synthesize existing and new knowledge and integration of the same for enhancement of knowledge. 2. Critical thinking

Analyze complex engineering problems critically; apply independent judgment for synthesizing information to make intellectual and/or creative advances for conducting research in a wider theoretical, practical and policy context. 3. Problem solving Think laterally and originally, conceptualize and solve engineering problems, evaluate a wide range of potential solutions for those problems and arrive at feasible, optimal solutions after considering public health and safety, cultural, societal and environmental factors in the core areas of expertise.

4. Research skill Extract information pertinent to unfamiliar problems through literature survey and experiments, apply appropriate research methodologies, techniques and tools, design, conduct experiments, analyze and interpret data, demonstrate higher order skill and view things in a broader perspective, contribute individually/in group to the development of scientific/technological knowledge in one or more domains of engineering. 5. Usage of modern tools Create, select, learn and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools, including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations. 6. Collaborative and multidisciplinary work Possess knowledge and understanding of group dynamic, recognize opportunities and contribute positively ton collaborative- multidisciplinary scientific research, demonstrate a capacity a capacity for self-management and teamwork, decision making based on open-

2

mindedness, objectivity and rational analysis in order to achieve common goals and further the learning of themselves as well as others. 7. Project management and finance Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of engineering and management principles and apply the same to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, manage projects efficiently in respective disciplines and multidisciplinary environments after consideration of economical; and financial factors. 8. Communication Communicate with the engineering community, and with society at large, regarding complex engineering activities confidently and effectively such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation by adhering to appropriate standards, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions. 9. Life – long learning Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in life – long learning independently, with a high level of enthusiasm and commitment to improve knowledge and competence continuously. 10. Ethical practices and social responsibility Acquire professional and intellectual integrity, professional code of conduct, ethics of research and scholarship, consideration of the impact of research outcomes on professional practices and an understanding of responsibility to contribute to the community for sustainable development of society. 11. Independent and reflective learning Observe and examine critically the outcomes of one’s actions and make corrective measures subsequently, and learn from mistakes without depending on external feedback. Programme Educational Objectives Civil Engineering graduates are expected to attain the following program educational objectives (PEOs) 3-5 years after Post-Graduation. Our Post Graduates will be professionals who will be able to

• Deliver competent services in the field of Hydraulics, with a knowledge of the principles of engineering and the theories of science that underlie them;

• Continue their professional development, nurture research attitude, and life-long learning with scientific temperament;

• Exercise leadership quality and professional integrity, with a commitment to the societal needs and sustainable development.

3

PROGRAM OUTCOMES for PG (Hydraulics) M.Tech. Graduates from the Department of Civil Engineering will be able to:

1. Acquire sound knowledge, both fundamental and contemporary, in the area of Civil

Engineering, Water Resources in particular, and will have expertise in the chosen

field;

2. Have a good understanding of the principles of Applied Mathematics and will be

capable of using them to solve Engineering problems;

3. Use statistical methodologies and art of the day computing techniques to analyze data

and draw inferences;

4. Have inclination for research and abilities to design and plan research programmes;

5. Have the ability to model system behaviour and study external influences on it;

6. Design and oversee execution of infrastructure and resource development projects;

7. Understand the importance and impact of engineering solutions in global and societal contexts;

8. Posses abilities to prepare reports, write papers and present ideas and research findings;

9. Have good communications skills, deliver lectures and impart knowledge and convey

concepts;

10. Have an aspiration for pursuing higher studies, life-long learning and consistent

growth;

11. Involve in team work and have a wish to develop leadership qualities;

4

SCHEME OF STUDY

M.Tech. Hydraulics (2014 – 2015)

5

II SEMESTER- M.Tech. (Hydraulics) Scheme of Teaching and Examination

(Autonomous Scheme)

Sl.No Subject Code Subject

Teaching Hours/ Week Credits

L T P 1 MHY0504 Hydrological Modeling 4 -- 2 5

2 MHY0505 Pipe Net work Analysis 4 2 -- 5

3 MHY0506 Real Fluid Flows 4 2 -- 5

4 MHY0401 Design of Hydraulic Structures 3 2 -- 4

4 ... Elective - III 4 2 -- 5

5 ... Elective - IV 4 - 2 5

Total Credits 29

Teaching Hrs /Week 35

I SEMESTER- M.Tech. (Hydraulics) Scheme of Teaching and Examination

(Autonomous Scheme)



L T P 1 AMA0401 Applied Engineering Mathematics 4 _ _ 4

2 MHY0501 Surface Water Hydrology 4 2 -- 5

3 MHY0502 Ideal Fluid Flows 4 2 _ 5

4 MHY0503 Open Channel Hydraulics 4 2 _ 5

5 MHY0507 Elective - I 4 -- 2 5

6 MHY0511 Elective - II 4 2 _ 5

Total Credits 29

Teaching Hrs /Week 34

6

III SEMESTER- M. Tech. (Hydraulics) Scheme of Teaching and Examination

(Autonomous Scheme)



L T P 1 MHY0402 Group Project 4

2 MHY0403 Industrial training

3 MHY0801 Project - I Phase + Seminar 8

4 MHY0201 Seminar 0 0 4 2

Total Credits 14

IV SEMESTER- M.Tech. (Hydraulics) Scheme of Teaching and Examination

(Autonomous Scheme)



L T P 1 MHY2801 Project Work 0 0 28

Total Credits 28

7

ELECTIVE COURSES

Sl.No

Subject Code Subject


L T P

1 MHY0507 Remote Sensing and GIS - Applications to Water Resources 4 0 2 5

2 MHY0508 Water Resources Systems 4 2 0 5

3 MHY0509

Hydro Power Engineering 4 2 0 5

4 MHY0510 Environmental Management of

Water Resources 4 0 2 5

5 MHY0511

Ground Water Hydrology 4 2 0 5

6 MHY0512 Environmental Hydraulics 4 0 2 5

7 MHY0513 River Hydraulics and Watershed

Management 4 2 0 5

8 MHY0514 Programming in JAVA 4 0 2 5

9 MHY0515 Data Base management Systems 4 0 2 5

Core Courses 38

Elective Courses 20

Seminars/ Group Project 14

Major Project 28

T O T A L 100

8

SYLLABUS I Semester

9

I Semester M.Tech [4-0-0] (Common to Hydraulics, Structures, Power Systems, CAID)

Applied Mathematics

Sub Code : AEM0401 CIE : 50% Marks Hrs/Week : 04 SEE : 50% Marks SEE Hrs : 03 Total : 52 hrs Max. : 100 Marks

COURSE OUTCOMES

1. Obtain the externals of functions expressed in the form of integrals and solve standard variational problems.

2. Solve linear homogeneous partial differential equations with constant coefficients. 3. Obtain the numerical solution of a partial differential equation. 4. Optimize the function under some constraints by different methods. 5. Establish the homomorphism between vector spaces using Linear transform and

obtain orthonormal basis for a vector space using inner product space. 6. Evaluate complex line integrals.

Objective: Mathematics course content is designed to cater to the needs of several subjects at the PG level. Unit-I: Calculus of Variation

Variation of a function and a functional. Extremal of a functional, variation problems, Euler’s equation, Standard variational problems including geodesics, minimal surface of revolution, (SLE:hanging chain problem), Brachistochrone problems, Isoperimetric problems. Functionals of second order derivatives

- 9Hrs Unit-II: Partial Differential Equations - I

Solution of linear homogeneous PDE with constant and variable coefficients.(SLE : Cauchy’s type partial differential equation)

- 9 Hrs Unit –III: Partial Differential Equations - II

Numerical solution of PDE – Parabolic, Elliptic (SLE: Hyperbolic) equations. - 8 Hrs Unit-IV: Linear Programming Standard form of LPP, Graphical method. Simplex method, (SLE: Degeneracy in simplex method), Big-M method, Duality.

- 9Hrs Unit-V: Linear Algebra

Vectors & vector spaces. Inner product, Length/Norm. Orthogonality, orthogonal projections, orthogonal bases, Gram-Schmidt process. Least square problems. Linear transformations, Kernel, Range. Matrix of linear transformation, Inverse linear transformation (SLE: Applications).

- 9 Hrs 10

Unit-VI: Complex Integration

Basic concepts of analytical functions, Complex line integral, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s

integral formula. Laurent series expansion (SLE: Problems on Laurent series expansion),

poles and residues, Cauchy’s residues theorem.

- 8 Hrs Books for Reference:

1. Higher Engineering Mathematics – Dr. B.S. Grewal, 40th edition, Khanna publication.

2. Advance Engineering Mathematics – H. K. Dass, 17th edition, Chand publication.

3. Higher Engineering Mathematics – Dr. B.V. Ramana, 5th edition, Tata Mc Graw-Hill.

4. Linear Algebra – Larson & Falvo (Cengage learning),6th edition

11

SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY (4:2:0)

Sub Code : MHY0501 CIE : 50% Marks Hrs/week : 4+2+0 SEE : 50% Marks SEE Hrs : 3 Hrs Max. Marks : 100

COURSE OUTCOME

Upon successful completion of this course, students will

1. Posses a thorough knowledge of the hydrological processes associated with surface water; 2. Be abreast with recent developments in the field of theoretical hydrology and have access to

literature pertaining to the area. 3. Be able to recognize the association between the hydrological phenomena and other earth

related processes; 4. Be able to use statistical methods for analyzing data, and arrive at decisions necessary in

preliminary design of water resources development 5. Be able to plan water resources development and gather relevant data;

Unit -I: Introduction: Hydrologic Cycle - the global phenomenon, the hydrologic model on a watershed scale, water balance, water resources of India and Karnataka in particular; Self Learning Exercise: Water resources of India and Karnataka in particular Unit -II: Precipitation: Earth's revolution, seasons, and atmospheric circulation; Introduction to Meteorology; Formulation, types and distribution; Presentation and processing of data – depth, duration and area mean rainfall – Isohyetal and Trend surface methods; Confidence limits and comparison of averages; Frequency analysis – Normal and Lognormal distributions, frequency plotting, goodness of fit; Global climate classification; Snow and snowmelt; Self Learning Exercise: Global climate classification; Snow and snowmelt Unit -III: Vadose Zone Water :Unsaturated flow - moisture flux; soil water - measurement, relationships and models; Infiltration - rates, capacity, measurement; Horton's and Philiph's equations; Green-Ampt method, Ponding time, surface runoff and infiltration indices. Self Learning Exercise: Surface runoff and infiltration indices.

Unit -IV: Evaporation, Theory of; methods of calculation – energy balance, aerodynamic methods; spatial and temporal variations; Evapotranspiration - potential and actual; Consumptive use, water requirement of crops; Self Learning Exercise: Consumptive use, water requirement of crops; Unit -V: Runoff Hydrology: Watershed processes; new concepts; surface runoff- Horton’s flow, variable source area theory; subsurface flow – flow through matrix and pipes; Self Learning Exercise: Unit -VI: Yield estimation – Curve Number Method;., prediction in ungauged basins. Stream flow components - hydrographs and separation; flow recession; design aspects - dependability and flow duration curves. Self Learning Exercise: Design aspects - dependability and flow duration curves.

12

TEXT BOOKS

1. Chow, V.T. and others “Applied Hydrology”- McGraw Hill, 1989.

2. Linsely, R.K and others, “Hydrology for Engineers”- McGraw Hill, 1952.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Putty, M.R.Y., “Principles of Hydrology” - IK International Pub., New Delhi.2010

2. Mutreja, K.N., “Applied Hydrology” - Tata McGraw Hill, 1986.

3. Weissman (J) W. and others, “Introduction to Hydrology”- Harper, and Row.

4. Chow, V.T. (ed.), “Hand book of Hydrology”- McGraw Hill, 1988.

5. Subramanya, K., “Engineering Hydrology”- Tata McGraw Hill, 1998.

6. Linsely, R.K. and others, “Applied Hydrology”- McGraw Hill, 1949.

7. Strahler, A.N. and Strahler, A.H. “Modern Physical Geography”. John Wiley Pub.

13

IDEAL FLUID FLOWS (4:2:0)


COURSE OUTCOME

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

1. Appreciate the physics of flow of fluids associated with engineering problems; 2. Apply fundamental laws of Physics to different types of fluid flow cases; 3. Represent the flow of Ideal fluids in terms of mathematics and estimate quantities

necessary in design applications; 4. Use principles of Hydrodynamics for mapping flow fields; 5. Equipped to pursue advanced courses on fluid dynamics.

Unit -I : Kinematics

Introduction, Kinematics of fluid flow, scalar, vector and tensor quantities, classification of fluid flow, methods of describing fluid motion- Lagrangean and Eulerian methods, fundamentals of flow visualization-path line, streak line, stream line, discharge or rate of flow, one-dimensional continuity equation, three-dimensional continuity equation in Cartesian coordinate, continuity equation in polar coordinate, continuity equation in cylindrical polar coordinate, continuity equation in spherical coordinate, boundary surface, intensive and extensive properties, system verses control volume approach, control volume transformation equation, continuity equation for control volume, circulation, rotation and vorticity, stream line, potential function, stream function, C-R equation, orthogonality of streamlines and potential lines. Self Learning Exercise: Continuity equation in spherical coordinate Unit -II:

Potential Flow Introduction, uniform flow- uniform flow parallel to x-axis, uniform flow parallel to y-axis, source flow, sink flow, free vortex flow, super imposed flow- source sink pair, source near a wall, flow past a half body, doublet, flow past a Rankine’s oval shape, doublet in a uniform flow, flow past a circular cylinder with circulation, Complex potential function of irrotational flow: Introduction, conformal transformation, derivatives of complex potential, Self Learning Exercise: continuity equation in spherical coordinate Milne Thomson method to determine complex function. TEXT BOOKS

1. B.R. Munson, D.F. Young, and T.H. Okishi. 5th edition, John Wiley &Son (Asia) Pte Ltd.

2. Y.A. Cengal and J.M.Cimbala. Fluid mechanics, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company limited, 2006.

3. R.K. Bansal, “Fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines”, Laxmi Publishing (P) Ltd., India.

4. J.B. Evett, and C. Liu, “Fluid mechanics and Hydraulics”, McGraw-Hill Book Company.

14

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. C.S.P. Ojha, R. Berndtsson, and P.N. Chandramouli, “Fluid Mechanics and

Machinery”, Oxford University Publication, 2010.

2. K.R. Arora, Fluid mechanics, Hydraulics and Hydraulic machines, 5th edition,

standard publisher distributors, 2005.

3. K. Subramanya, Fluid mechanics, Tata McGraw-Hill publishing company limited.

4. F.M. White. Fluid mechanics, 5th edition New York McGraw-Hill, 2003.

15

OPEN CHANNEL HYDRAULICS (4:2:0)


COURSE OUTCOME Upon successful completion of this course, students will:

1. Posses a knowledge of the principles of mechanics of open surface flow of fluids , and be able to express these in terms of mathematics;

2. Be able to analyze problems associated with flow of water in streams and canals; 3. Be able to design canals and associated structures; 4. Be ready to pursue research in the field.

Unit -I: Definition, comparison with pressure flow; discussion on pressure and velocity distributions – Pressure and velocity distribution coefficients, Flow Classification. Self Learning Exercise: Flow Classification. Unit -II: Energy principles for prismatic and non-prismatic channels – Specific energy; Critical flow Computations and applications; controls, Transitions., Depth variation in different transitions. Self Learning Exercise: Depth variation in different transitions. Unit -III: Uniform flow – computation of, applications; best hydraulic sections. Design of irrigation canals. Self Learning Exercise: Design of irrigation canals. Unit -IV: Gradually varied flow – theory, the basic equation, various forms; profiles, combination of slopes and sections; computation of gradually varied flow- Direct step method and direct integration methods. softwares for. Self Learning Exercise: Direct step method & software’s for. Unit -V: Introduction to Rapidly varied flows- Momentum principle; Hydraulic Jump in prismatic channels; uses of hydraulic jump – Energy dissipation and stilling basins. Basic Introduction to spatially varied flows and unsteady flows. Self Learning Exercise: Energy dissipation and stilling basins. Basic Introduction to spatially varied flows and unsteady flows.

16

Unit VI: Flow measurement in open channels – Flumes and Weirs; Proportional weirs and End - depth measurements. Self Learning Exercise: Proportional weirs and End - depth measurements.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Subramanya, K., “Flow in open channels” – TMGH, 1986.

2. Chow, V.T., “Open channel Hydraulics” –McGraw Hill, Kogakusha, 1959.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Henderson, K.M. , “Open Channel Flow”- Mecmillan, 1966

2. Ranga Raju, K.G., “Flow through open channels” –TMH 1981.

17

SYLLABUS II Semester

18

II SEMESTER

HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING (4:0:2)


COURSE OUTCOME Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

1. Have an ability to access hydrological data from various sources and organize it for use in planning and research;

2. Apply principles of statistics, regression and probability in particular, for analyzing data and extracting information;

3. Design simple models to suit the kind of data available and extract knowledge from model results;

4. Use commonly available computing tools for analysis of data presentation and information; and

5. Apply Statistical principles in hydrological design, necessary in water resources development.

Unit -I: Watershed and Data: The catchment, water availability, data collection – rainfall, stream flow, evaporation, water table; catchment characteristics- land use and soil data; Self Learning Exercise: Land use and soil data; Unit -II: Runoff Relationships: Runoff components; correlation coefficient - significance of; linear regression- least square’s method, coefficient of determination; curvilinear relations; API & multi-linear regression models, hypothesis testing t-and F-tests, confidence limits; Self Learning Exercise: Confidence limits Unit -III: Watershed Modeling: Runoff processes and theories; Concepts of modeling,; modifications to the Curve Number Method – continuously varying CN, Conceptual Models – parametric models with one example; Tests of performance – graphical tests, analytical tests – coefficient of efficiency, tests of random errors, parameter optimization – trial and error procedure; example for a quasi-physically based model; recent trends in modeling- introduction to ANN’s; inferring from a model, catchment response; Low flows. Self Learning Exercise: Recent trends in modeling- introduction to ANN’s & Low flows. Unit – IV: The Unit Hydrograph Model: Unit hydrograph theory, derivation, S-curve and applications, travel time; Catchment response, factors influencing; Synthetic UHG, Instantaneous UHG; Self Learning Exercise: Instantaneous UHG;

Unit -V: Design Flood: Definition; Methods of calculation and probability studies, extreme value distributions and confidence limits; tests of goodness of fit; rational formula, unit hydrographs, correlation models; reliability studies, flood forecasting, regional analysis; rainfall frequencies, PMP, PMF, flood formulae. Self Learning Exercise: PMP, PMF, flood formulae

19

Unit -VI: Stochastic Modeling: Time series, stochastic analysis- components, trend analysis, periodicity and its modeling; stochastic generation – random number generation, Autoregressive models, periodic models, Calibration, validation and applications; reservoir capacity. Self Learning Exercise: Reservoir capacity. Unit -VII: Flood Routing: Definition, methods of reservoir, channel and watershed routing. Self Learning Exercise: Channel and watershed routing Unit -VIII: Geomorphology – channel network, order, length and relief aspects, Horton’s Laws. Self Learning Exercise: Horton’s Laws. TEXT BOOKS

1. Weissman, (J) W. and others, “Introduction to Hydrology”- Harper, and Row.

2. Hann, C.T., “Statistical methods in Hydrology”- A.E.W. Press, 1977.

3. Jayarami Reddy, “Stochastic Hydrology”- Lakshmi Publications.

4. Mutreja, K.M., “Applied Hydrology”- Tata McGraw Hill Publications.

REFFERENCE BOOKS

1. Putty, M.R.Y., “Principles of Hydrology” IK International Pub., New Delhi, 2010.

2. Chow, V.T. and others. “Applied Hydrology”-, McGraw Hill.198-

3. Chow, V.T. “Handbook of Hydrology”-, McGraw Hill, 1988.

4. Rao, K.L. “Water Wealth of India”-

5. Subramanya, K. “Engineering Hydrology”-, Tata McGraw Hill.1998.

6. Strahler, A.N. and Strahler, A.H. “Modern Physical Geography”. John Wiley Pub.

20

PIPE NETWORK ANALYSIS (4:2:0)


COURSE OUTCOME Upon successful completion of this course, students will:

• Gain knowledge of Urban Water Distribution Systems and a sound overall understanding of processes that are necessary for analysis and planning of urban water systems.

• gain knowledge about Hydraulic concepts and their relationship to water transport in distribution networks;

• Understand the processes that are necessary for modelling, analysis and planning of water distribution systems.

• Be able to analyse configure a pipe network and analyze a branched or looped network.

• Be able conduct simulation studies for a designed pipe network.

Unit-I: URBAN WATER TRANSPORT AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS System Purpose; Water Demand; Pipe Systems and Piping Materials; Water Storage; Pumps and Pumping Stations. Self Learning Exercise: Valves and Fire Hydrants; Instrumentation and Control. Unit-II: FRICTIONAL HEAD LOSS IN PIPES Introduction; Properties of fluids, Principles of fluids; continuity , energy & impulse – momentum., Darcy-Weisbach Formula; Nikuradse's Experiments on Artificially Roughened Pipes ;Moody Diagram; Friction Coefficient Relationships; Explicit Relationships for Friction Coefficient; Empirical Formulas-Hazen –Williams Formula, Modified Hazen-Williams Formula, Manning Formula; Comparison of Head Loss Formulas; General Head Loss Formula; Simple Pipe Flow Problems – Determination of Head Loss, Determination of Discharge, Determination of Diameter; Head Loss Due to Uniformly Decreasing Discharge. Self Learning Exercise: Reduction of Carrying Capacity with Age MINOR HEAD LOSS IN PIPES Sudden Enlargement; Gradual Enlargement; Exit ; Sudden Contraction; Gradual Contraction; Entrance; Bends and Elbows; Tees ;Obstructions; Flow Meters; Valves. EQUIVALENT PIPES Introduction; Pipes in Series; Pipes in Parallel Self Learning Exercise: Pipes in Series-Parallel; Minor Loss Elements -Datzy-Weisbach Formula, Hazen-Williams Formula, Manning Formula, Equivalent Pipe Lengths.

21

Unit-III: RESERVOIRS, PUMPS, AND SPECIAL VALVES Reservoirs-Impounding Reservoirs, Service and Balancing Reservoirs, Three-Reservoir System, Multiple-Reservoir System; Pumps - System Head-Discharge Curve, Pump Head-Discharge Curve, Head-Discharge Relationship, Characteristic Curves, Pump Combinations; Self Learning Exercise: Special Valves - Check Valves, Pressure Reducing Valves

TYPES AND PARAMETERS Types of Networks - Serial Network, Branching Network, Looped Network. Parameters – Configuration, Pipe Lengths, Pipe Diameters, Pipe Roughness Coefficients, Minor Appurtenances, Demand Pattern, Source Supply Pattern , Hydraulic Gradient Levels at Demand Nodes, Hydraulic Gradient Levels at Source Nodes; Labelling Network Elements - Branching Networks, Looped Networks, Parameter Interrelationships , Pipe Head Loss Relationship, Node Flow Continuity Relationship, Loop Head Loss Relationship; Self Learning Exercise: Rules for Solvability of Pipe Networks - Rules Proposed by Shamir and Howard, Rules Proposed by Gofinan and Rodeh, Rules Proposed by Bhave, Comparison of Rules; Unit-IV: FORMULATION OF EQUATIONS Single-Source Networks with Known Pipe Resistances; Multisource Networks with Known Pipe Resistances; Networks with Unknown Pipe Resistances Self Learning Exercise: Inclusion of Pumps; Inclusion of Check Valves; Inclusion of Pressure Reducing Valves Unit-V HARDY CROSS METHOD Method of Balancing Heads - Single-Source Networks with Known Pipe Resistances, Multisource Networks with Known Pipe Resistances, Networks with PumpsandValves; Method of Balancing Flows - Networks with Known Pipe Resistances, Networks with Unknown Pipe Resistances, Networks with Pumps and Valves; Self Learning Exercise: Modified Hardy Cross Method - Method of Balancing Heads, Method of Balancing Flows, Convergence Problems; NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD Basic Concepts - Single-Variable Function, Multiple-Variable Function; Head Equations - Networks with Known Pipe Resistances , Networks with Unknown Pipe Resistances, Networks with Pumps and Valves; Self Learning Exercise: Loop Equations - Networks with Known Pipe Resistances, Networks with Unknown Pipe Resistances, Networks with Pumps and Valves; Unit-VI: EXTENDED-PERIOD SIMULATION Introduction; Iterative Method; Direct Method; Input Data for Hydraulic EPS Modeling; Extended-Period Simulation Setup; Self Learning Exercise: Extended-Period Model Calibration; Types of Extended-Period Simulation Analyses

22

HYDRAULIC CALIBRATION Introduction; Steady-State Calibration; EPS Calibration TEXT BOOKS

1. Analysis of Water Distribution Networks by Pramod Bhave, R Gupta. Publisher: Narosa Publishing House

2. Design of Water Supply Pipe Networks by Prabhata K. Swamee, Ashok K. Sharma. Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Water Transmission and Distribution: Principles and Practices of Water Supply Operations by Larry Mays. Publisher: American Water Works Association.

2. Introduction to Urban Water Distribution by NemanjaTrifunovic. Publisher: Taylor and Francis

3. Computer Modeling of Water Distribution Systems. AWWA MANUAL M32Third Edition. Publisher: American Water Works Association.

4. Problems in WATER DISTRIBUTION-Solved, Explained, and Applied by Y. Koby Cohen. Publisher: CRC PRESS

23

REAL FLUID FLOWS (4:2:0) Sub Code : MHY0506 CIE : 50% Marks Hrs/week : 4+2+0 SEE : 50% Marks SEE Hrs : 3 Hrs Max. Marks : 100

COURSE OUTCOME

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

• Appreciate the physics of flow of fluids associated with engineering problems; • Represent the phenomena of fluid resistance in terms of mathematics and estimate

quantities necessary in design applications; • Recognize problems associated with flow past immersed bodies and find solutions in

terms of streamlining • Equipped to pursue advanced courses on fluid dynamics, including CFE

Unit -I : Introduction, fluids, fundamental properties, Viscosity and classification Self Learning Exercise: fundamental properties Unit – II: Viscous Flow – Classification of viscous flow, relation between shear and pressure gradient in laminar flow, flow of viscous fluid between two parallel stationary plates, Couette flow, flow between parallel pipes, flow through pipes, Hagen- Poiseoille theory, losses in pipes. Self Learning Exercise: losses in pipes Unit – III: Navier- Stokes equation: Stresses acting on fluid elements, derivation of N-S equations, exact solutions of Navier Stokes equation-, laminar flow near a suddenly accelerated plane surface, flow between two concentric rotating cylinders, bearings, slipper bearing, hydrodynamic lubrications- viscosity measurements- co-axial cylinder viscometer, capillary tube method. Self Learning Exercise: Viscosity measurements- co-axial cylinder viscometer, capillary tube method. Unit -IV : Boundary Layer Theory, Introduction, description of boundary layer, boundary layer thickness, displacement thickness, momentum thickness, energy thickness, Von – Karman integral momentum equation, laminar flow over a flat plate, Prandtl boundary layer equation, turbulent boundary layer over a flat plate, hydro dynamically smooth and rough boundaries. Self Learning Exercise: Hydro dynamically smooth and rough boundaries Unit – V: Laminar boundary layer in pipes, turbulent boundary layer in pipes, boundary layer separation, location of separation point, methods of controlling the boundary layer. Self Learning Exercise: Methods of controlling the boundary layer Unit – VI: Lift and drag: Pressure and friction drag , factor influencing , aerofoils, Stoke’s law and fall velocity Self Learning Exercise: Stoke’s law and fall velocity

24

TEXT BOOK 1. K. Subramanya, “ 1000 solved problems in Fluid Mechanics”, Tata McGraw-Hill

publishing company limited

REFERENCES

1. Wiley & Streeter 2. C.S.P. Ojha, R. Berndtsson, and P.N. Chandramouli, “Fluid Mechanics and

Machinery”, Oxford University Publication, 2010. 3. K.Subramanya, Fluid mechanics, Tata McGraw-Hill publishing company limited. 4. F.M. White. Fluid mechanics, 5th edition New York McGraw-Hill, 2003. 5. B.R. Munson, D.F. Young, and T.H. Okishi. 5th edition, John Wiley &Son (Asia)

Pte Ltd.

25

DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES (3:2:0)

Sub Code : MHY0401 CIE : 50% Marks Hrs/week : 3+2+0 SEE : 50% Marks SEE Hrs : 3 Hrs Max. Marks : 100 COURSE OUTCOME

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: 1. Judge suitable sites for locating different hydraulic structures; 2. Estimate forces to be considered for design of hydraulic structures; 3. Understand the recommendations made in IS Code; 4. Analyze & design different hydraulic structures.

Unit I: Dams (general)

Definition, classification of dams, factors governing selection of type of dam, selection of site for dam, preliminary and final investigations of dam sites, and silent features of important dams of India, problems

Unit II: Design and Construction of Gravity Dams

Introduction, forces acting on gravity dams, load combinations design, reaction of foundation and distribution of vertical (or normal) stress at the base of dam-middle third rule, principal and shear stresses, modes of failure of dam- stability requirements, quality and strength of concrete and masonry, elementary profile of gravity dam, practical profile of gravity dams, joints, fey and water stops, openings in dams, galleries, adits, vaults and shafts, temperature control in concrete dams, foundation treatment, illustrative examples, problems Unit III:

Buttress And Arch Dams introduction, buttress dams, types of buttress dams, forces on buttress dams, design of flat slab type buttress dams, advantages and disadvantages of buttress dams, arch dams, types of arch dams, forces on an arch dams, design of arch dams, problems Unit IV:

Embankment Dams introduction, type of earth dams, foundation of earth dams, design of earth dams, causes and failure of earth dams, safety against overtopping, determination of seepage line, characteristics of seepage line, seepage line where vertical and horizontal permeability differ, flow net, stability of side slopes of earth dam—stability analysis, stability of earth dams against horizontal shear developed at the base of the dam, stability of foundation of an earth dam against horizontal shear, check for free passage of water through earth dams, safety against piping, protection of upstream slope of an earth dam, protection of downstream slope of an earth dams, measures to control seepage through earth dams and their foundations, typical cross sections of earth dams, design consideration in earthquake regions, rock fill dams, illustrative examples, problems

26

Unit V: Canals And Canal Structures

Theory and design principles, design of canal sections in alluvial soil and hard rock zones canal inlets and sluices, gates maintenance problems, design examples of regulators and canal falls. Unit VI:

Coastal Structures Coastal forces, corrosion and related issues, Design principles – onshore and offshore structures. Design storage structures – BGL, GRL Elev. TEXT BOOKS 1. Varshney “Concrete dams”— Oxford & IBH Publications, 1978 2. S. Sathyanarayana Murthy “Design of Minor Irrigation & Canal structures”- New Age Publications , 1990 REFERENCE BOOKS 1 Creager, Justin, Hinds..” Engineering for Dams (all volumes)” – Wiley India Publications. 2. S. K Garg “Irrigation Engineering” – Khanna Publications ,2005

27

ELECTIVES

28

ELECTIVES

REMOTE SENSING AND GIS - APPLICATIONS IN WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING (4:0:2)


COURSE OUTCOME Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

• Carryout spatial data and data analysis; • workout data capturing and data processing required for further applications; • Follow required procedures for applying the concepts of geoinformatics in the area of

water resource;. • Interpret remote sensing data and GIS/GPS data; • Use necessary software/tools for data processing and analysis.

Unit -I : Remote Sensing

1. Physics of Remote Sensing - Electromagnetic radiation and principle, spectral reflectance, Atmospheric windows.

2. Satellites and sensors. Indian and other remote sensing satellites Remote sensing data products and characteristics.

3. Image processing – Introduction, Remote sensing data formats, Image preprocessing and post processing, Thematic information extraction, change detection analysis.

Self Learning Exercise: Unit -II :

GIS a. Concepts, components, working of GIS, data capture and data integration, Coordinate systems and map projections, Registration. b. GIS analysis and tasks – inputs, manipulation, management, query and analysis, visualization, proximity analysis, overlay analysis, GIS and Remote sensing data integration. c. Overview of image processing software and GIS softwares. d.. Introduction to GPS and its application. Self Learning Exercise: Remote sensing data integration. Unit --III :

Applications in Water Resources Case studies on – assessment of ground water potential, flood control management, flood plain mapping, water logging and salt affected soil, soil moisture studies, watershed planning and management, water management in command areas, water quality modeling, hydrological modeling. Coastal zone management. Self Learning Exercise: Coastal zone management TEXT BOOKS 1. Thomas M Lille sand, Ralph W Kiefer, “Remote sensing and image interpretation”-

(1994) John Wiley and sons, N Y.

29

2. Gert A Schwtz and Edwin T Egman, “Remote sensing in Hydrology and water

management” (2000)

3. Chang, “Geographical Information Systems” ,McGraw Hill Book Co.,

4. Manoj K. Arora , R.C. Badjatia “ Geomatics Engineering” - Nemichand & Bro. Roorkee

India ( 2011)

REFERENCES

1. Nicholas Chrismam, “Exploring geographical information systems”- Nicholas

Chrismam(1997) John wiley and sons, N Y.

2. Peter A. Burrough & Rachel A. McDonnel “Principles of geographic information

systems”- (1998), Oxford University press, Great Britain.

3. John R Jensen, “Introductory Digital Image processing” - Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

4. Pavu J Gibson “Introductory Remote Sensing, Principles and concepts”- (2000),

Routledge, London.

30

WATER RESOURCES SYSTEMS TECHNIQUES (4:2:0) Sub Code : MHY0508 CIE : 50% Marks Hrs/week : 4+2+0 SEE : 50% Marks SEE Hrs : 3 Hrs Max. Marks : 100

COURSE OUTCOME

Upon successful completion of this course, students will

1. Have an overall view of the Water Resources of India and issues connected with them. 2. Know the steps involved in planning a Water Resources Project in an integrated way. 3. Evaluate a project for its economical and social benefits. 4. Make use of few of optimization tools and techniques to optimize water resources problems.

Unit -I:

Water resources and water resources projects Water resources of India; Necessities of harnessing the water resources; Water requirements- importance of irrigation, power and other projects; National Water Policy; National Water Grid; Interlinking of Rivers; Sustainability of water resources; Self Learning Exercise: Sustainability of water resources Unit -II:

Water resources planning Project plan; multipurpose projects; Objectives of resources planning and management; data requirements; project formulation; concepts of systems approach; Self Learning Exercise: Concepts of systems approach

Unit -III: Water Resources Economics

Basics of engineering economics: discount rates, amortization, sunk costs, planning horizons (economic-physical life, period of analysis, design period); Market economy: market demand and supply, aggregate demand curves; Methods of finance; Cost composition; benefit cost parameters; Determination of benefits; Selection of an alternative; Self Learning Exercise: Market economy Unit -IV:

Systems Techniques in Water Resources Optimization techniques: Graphic optimization techniques, Analytical optimization techniques; Classical optimization, Lagrange multiplier method. Linear programming, dynamic programming, simulation (and applications). Single and multi objective/purpose systems; Self Learning Exercise: Graphic optimization techniques

Unit -V: Engineering Reservoir Regulation

Purpose of regulation – single purpose and multipurpose, storage requirements- Operating procedure; operating planning operation scheduled and guides – rigid schedules semi rigid schedules long time planning schedules. Examples of reservoir operation operating organization. Self Learning Exercise: Guides – rigid schedules semi rigid schedules long time planning schedules.

31

REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Water Resources Engineering-Handbook of Essential Methods and Design- Anand

Prakash, ASCE Press

2. Economic Appraisal of Irrigation Projects in India- Basawan Sinha and Ramesh Bhatia

(WRC library)

3. Dynamics of Irrigation Water Management (Chap 3 and 4): Venkata Reddy, Ashish

Publishing House (WRC library)

4. Water Resources Systems Planning and Management- Chaturvedi, Tata McGraw Hill

5. Water Resources Engineering, Linsley and Franzini, McGraw Hill Book Company

6. Water Resources Project Economics- Edward Kuiper, Butterworths, London

7. Water resources of India- Rakesh Kumar, Current Science, Vol. 89, No. 5, 10 September

2005 India’s Water Resources- Planning and Management- Vinita Bhati (WRC library)

8. Water Resources Systems- Pramod R Bhave, Narosa Publishing House

9. Water Resources Systems- Modelling Techniques and analysis- S Vedula and PP

Mujumdar, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.

10. Economics of Water Resources Planning- Douglas James/Robert R Lee, Tata McGraw-

Hill Publishing Company Limited.

11. Operations research: an introduction, Hamdy A. Taha, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.

32

HYDRO POWER ENGINEERING (4:2:0) Sub Code : MHY0509 CIE : 50% Marks Hrs/week : 4+2+0 SEE : 50% Marks SEE Hrs : 3 Hrs Max. Marks : 100

Course Outcome Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

1. Ability to identify different power systems and grids; 2. Ability to understand the basic terms and definitions involved in hydro

power engineering; 3. Ability to assess the available hydro power 4. Ability to understand the different components of hydro power plant.

Unit -I : Comparison of hydropower and thermal power, combined power systems and grids. Unit -II: Basic terms and definitions- gross head, net head, operating head, hydraulic efficiency, of plant, overall efficiency of hydropower scheme, overall efficiency of the plant, installed capacity, capacity factor, firm power, power factor, utilization factor, diversity factor,

PART – B

Unit -III: Assessment of available hydropower, necessity of storage and pondage, essential stream flow data, flow duration curve, power duration curve, use of flow duration and power duration curves. Unit -IV: Types of hydropower plants, general arrangement of a hydropower project, intakes, types of intakes, intake gates and valves, force required to operate the gate, conveyance systems, fore-bay, surge tanks, power house, tail race, and selection of turbine REFERENCES 1. C.S.P. Ojha, R. Berndtsson, and P.N. Chandramouli, “Fluid Mechanics and Machinery”,

Oxford University Publication, 2010.

2. K.R. Arora, Fluid mechanics, Hydraulics and Hydraulic machines, 5th edition, standard

publisher distributors, 2005.

33

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES (4:2:0)


COURSE OUTCOMES: Upon successful completion of this course, students will have: 1. An ability to characterize quality and quantity issues of ponds, lakes and streams, identify sources of water pollution, effect of pollution and to estimate dissolved Oxygen deficit using water quality models; 2. An ability to manage coastal areas with the knowledge of Coastal Zone Regulations and to manage ground water sources; 3. An ability to manage water availability by planning and designing rain water harvesting and ground recharge structures with the knowledge of traditional water conservation techniques and the application of economic theories for water management.

Unit I : Introduction Sources of water – surface and ground water sources – need for Environmental Management of water sources, environmental acts. Ponds, Lakes and Tanks Inflow of sediments and nutrients – process of Eutrophication – effects of Eutrophication – preventive measures – monitoring – restoration of tanks and lakes. Self Learning Exercise: A case study on restoration of tank

8 Hrs Unit -II : Streams & Rives Seasonal and perennial streams – causes of quality deterioration – ill effects – impact on human society – self-purification of streams and rivers – water quality models- monitoring river water quality – control measures to prevent pollution – case studies. Self Learning Exercise: Ganga Action Plan.

9 Hrs Unit –III : Seas and Oceans Seas and Oceans as water sources – pollution due to domestic and industrial effluent discharges – oil spills – effects – need for effective management, coastal zone regulations. Ground Water Sources Quality and quantity aspects – pollution of ground water sources – ground water depletion & seawater intrusion – Impact on human society – Management of ground water sources. Self Learning Exercise: Ground water availability in arid and semi arid regions

9 Hrs Unit -IV : Multi- Purpose Reservoir Projects Impact assessment of reservoir projects – adverse effects on flora & fauna – water logging – salinity – comparison of small and big dams in terms of economy and effect on environment. Self Learning Exercise: Impact assessment tools and techniques

9 Hrs

34

Unit -V : Water Conservation Traditional water conservation techniques: Need for water conservation – scope for waste water recycling and reuse – Rain water Harvesting – Ground water recharge techniques – Farm ponds – Water audit, Design aspects. Self Learning Exercise: A case study of successful water conservation project

9 Hrs Unit -VI : Environmental Economics A brief introduction – externalities – the problem of social cost – measuring the benefits and costs of pollution control – Pigou and Coase theories. Self Learning Exercise: Development and Sustainability

8 Hrs TEXT BOOKS: 1. Gilbert M Masters, “Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Sciences” -

Prentice– Hall Publication 2. Sincero and Sincero, “Environmental Engineering”- Prentice – Hall Publication 3. Metcelf & Eddy, “Waste water Engineering” - Tata Mc- Graw Hill Publication REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Ulaganathan Sankar, “Environmental Economics” - Oxford University Press 2. Edward J Kormondy, “Concepts of Ecology” - Prentice – Hall Publication 3. S.K.Garg, “Water Resources Engineering” - Khanna Publishers. 4. David Keith Todd, “Ground Water Hydrology” -

35

GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY (4:2:0)

Sub Code : MHY0511 CIE : 50% Marks Hrs/week : 4+2+0 SEE : 50% Marks SEE Hrs : 3 Hrs Max. Marks : 100 COURSE OUTCOME

Upon successful completion of this course, students will:

• Have knowledge of the hydrogeological characteristics of the groundwater system such as types of aquifers, formation properties etc.

• be able to make calculations with regard to local and regional movement of groundwater

• Be able to determine groundwater balances. • Have knowledge of Governing equations and the mathematical models for the

Groundwater System along with aspects of modeling the system for budget calculations and scenario generation.

Unit-I: Aquifer Properties Porosity.Specific yield.Storage coefficient. Hydraulic conductivity and its determination (Laboratory Methods, Tracer Tests, Auger hole tests, Pumping Tests of Wells). Specific retention.Transmissivity.Compressibility of rocks and land subsidence due to ground water withdrawals.Homogeneity and Anisotropy. Self Learning Exercise: Mechanical energy and Hydraulic head; Unit -II: Aquifer systems Distribution of subsurface water- Zone of aeration and saturation.Types of aquifers- Aquiclude, aquitard, aquifuge, unconfined confined aquifer and leaky aquifer.Partially penetrated aquifers. Recharge and discharge areas. Regional flow system.Base flow.Fluctuation of water table and piezometric surface. Self Learning Exercise: Groundwater balance. Unit -III: Groundwater movement Groundwater potential, head and head distribution. Measuring Hydraulic Head with Wells and Piezometers.Darcy’s law.Validity of Darcy’s law. Water table contours. Flow lines and equipotential lines. Flow net analysis. Self Learning Exercise: Flow in Fractured Rock. Unit -IV: Governing equations Derivation of general differential equations for groundwater flow- steady state without recharge and with uniform recharge; Governing equations for Transient flow; Derivation of Regional Groundwater Flow equations in unconfined and confined aquifers without recharge and with uniform recharge in steady state and transient state; Boundary conditions; Analytical solutions to simple cases: one dimensional steady state flow in a confined aquifer of constant

36

thickness, one dimensional steady state flow in an unconfined aquifer with and without recharge. Self Learning Exercise: Analytical solutions to simple cases: one dimensional steady state flow in a confined aquifer of constant thickness, one dimensional steady state flow in an unconfined aquifer with and without recharge. Unit -V: Well hydraulics and determination of parameters Steady state well hydraulics- analysis of steady radial flow towards a well in confined aquifer, Analysis of unsteady radial flow in wells- unconfined and confined aquifers; pumping tests. Self Learning Exercise: Dupuit Forcheimmer theory and steady radial flow towards a well in an unconfined aquifer. Unit -VI: Salt water intrusion Ghyben-Herzberg theory.Locating the actual interface for a confined aquifer. Prevention and control of sea water intrusion. Modeling groundwater flow Introductory ideas about Numerical models, calibration and validation; Sofware for groundwater modeling. Self Learning Exercise: PMWIN; Interactive Groundwater TEXT BOOKS 1. Ground Water, H.M. Raghunath, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi.

2. Numerical Ground Water Hydrology- A.K. Rastogi, - Penram, International Publishing

(India), Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai.

3. Applied Hydrogeology, C.W.Fetter, Prentice Hall.

4. Hydrogeology and Groundwater Modeling, NevenKresic, CRC Press.

REFERENCE BOOKS 1. R.J.M. De Wiest, “Geohydrology”- John Wiley, 1967

2. A. Vermjit, “ Theory of Groundwater Flow” - MacMillan, 1970

3. M.E.Harr, “ Groundwater and Seepage” - McGraw Hill

4. Raghunath, K.M. “Ground Water”- Wiley Eastern,

5. H. Boluwer, “ Ground water Hydrology” - McGraw Hill, Kogakusha, 1979

6. Ground Water Assessment Development and Management, K.R. Karanth, Tata McGraw

Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi

7. Ground Water Hydrology, David Keith Todd, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.

37

CLOSED CONDUIT FLOW (4:2:0)


COURSE OUTCOME

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to : 1. Solve simple and varied hydraulic problems related to flow through conduits. 2. Analyze a water distribution network for hydraulic inputs; 3. Design the pipe networks – branched , looped single source and multisource; 4. Simulate the designed system for different scenarios

Pipes – Hydraulic of pressure flow. Steady state Darcy’s equation for flow thro’ pipes. Analysis and design of pipe systems like pipes in series and parallel. Design of pipes. Pipe networks - Analysis and design using various methods. Use of softwares in design. Practical examples, difficulties and solutions. Flow measurements. Concepts of unsteady flow - Basic differential equations of unsteady flow in closed conduits – Solutions by method of characteristics – Algebraic and graphical water hammer. Additional boundary conditions and systems elements. Methods for controlling transients in closed conduits. Application in Lift Irrigation, Hydropower, Urban and Rural water supply – Plant Hydraulics. TEXT BOOKS: 1. RW Fox & McDonald AT, “Introduction to Fluid Mechanics”– John Wiley, 1978 2. SW Yuan, “Foundations of Fluid Mechanics”- Prentice-Hall (India), 1969 REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. “Fluid Mechanics” –Feathertone and Nallulri 2. “Hydraulic transients” – Streeter 3. “Fluid Mechanics” – Wiley & Streeter

38

39

Documents

SYLLABUS M.Tech. Hydraulics Engineering 2014-2015€¦ · SYLLABUS M.Tech. Hydraulics Engineering 2014-2015 . THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING . AUTONOMOUS UNDER VTU . Accredited