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SYLLABUS
B.Sc. (Horticulture) Hons.
2016-17
FACULTY OF HORTICULTURE
Compiled and Edited By:
Dr. S. K. Jain
(Professor & Head, PHT)
Published by:
Dr. L.K. Dashora
Dean & Chairman
Faculty of Horticulture
AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY
KOTA- 324 001
VICE- CHANCELLOR
SECRETARIAT AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY, KOTA-
324 001 Phone:0744-2321204, Fax-0744-2321203
Email: [email protected]
Dr. G.L. Keshwa
Vice-Chancellor
FOREWORD
The course curricula of undergraduate programme have been restructured for building academic
linkages with various institution and professionals for improving quality in Horticultural
education. The present syllabus is adoption of new and restructured graduate course curricula
and syllabi in Horticulture as per guidelines of Deans’ Committee as recommended by ICAR.
The curricula are well-adopted by Agriculture University, Kota since academic session 2013-14.
The syllabi contains lecture schedule for both theory & practical classes and suggested
relevant books for reference. All the Heads/ Incharges of Departments of College of Horticulture
& Forestry, Jhalawar deserve admiration for their critical input for the compilation of syllabus. I
acknowledge their valuable co-operation and involvement. The sincere efforts of Dr. L.K.
Dashora, Dean and Faculty Chairman, College of Horticulture & Forestry, Jhalawar are worth
appreciation for publication of syllabi in the present shape on behalf of Agriculture University,
Kota. I also compliment Dr. S.K. Jain, Professor & Head, Department of Post Harvest
Technology for compiling and editing this important manuscript, which would prove befitting
for the teachers, students and the entire faculty of Horticulture of Agriculture University, Kota.
Dated: 02.07.2016 ( G.L. Keshwa)
COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE &
FORESTRY (Agriculture University, Kota)
Jhalarapatan, Jhalawar- 326001 (Raj.) Phone:07432-241155, Fax-07432-242155
Email: [email protected]
Dr. L.K. Dashora
Dean
PREFACE
The undergraduate course curricula as recommended by the IV Dean’s committee under the
aegis of Indian Council of Agricultural Research New Delhi after revision through Board of
studies and Academic Council are being implemented in the university. The present document
contains semester wise distribution of courses, syllabus, lecture schedule and suggested reference
books of the B.Sc. (Horticulture) Hons. degree programme. I convey my sincere thanks to all the
Heads/ Incharges of Departments of College of Horticulture & Forestry, Jhalawar for their
cooperation and assistance in preparation of present manuscript. Dr. S.K. Jain, Professor &
Head, Department of Post Harvest Technology deserves due appreciation who have meticulously
compiled this important manuscript, which would prove befitting for the teachers, students and
the entire faculty of Horticulture of Agriculture University, Kota.
Dated: 02.07.2016 ( L.K. Dashora)
1
B.Sc. (Horticulture) Honours
Semester wise distribution of courses
Semester I
Course No. Course Title Credit Hrs.
BAS-111 Elementary Statistics and Computer Application 3(2+1)
BAS-112 Basic Mathematics (Biology Group) (NC)* 3(3+0)
BAS-113 Introductory Botany (Math Group) (NC)* 3(2+1)
BAS-114 Structural Grammar & Spoken English (NC) 2(1+1)
BAS-115 Introductory Plant Physiology 2(1+1)
BAS-116 Principles of Genetics and Cytogenetics 3(2+1)
BAS-117 Introductory Economics 2(2+0)
BAS-118 Elementary Plant Biochemistry & Biotechnology 3(2+1)
BAS-119 Introductory Microbiology 2(1+1)
NRM-111 Fundamentals of Soil Science 3(2+1)
FRS-111 Fundamentals of Horticulture 3(2+1)
Physical Education (NC) 1(0+1)
NCC/NSS (NC) 1(0+1)
Total 21 (14+7)
NC=7
Semester –II
Course No. Course Title Credit Hrs.
FRS-121 Tropical and Subtropical Fruits 3(2+1)
FRS-122 Water Management in Horticultural Crops 2(1+1)
VEG-121 Tropical and Subtropical Vegetables 3(2+1)
FLS-121 Principles of Landscape Gardening 1(0+1)
PHT-121 Fundamentals of Food Technology 2(1+1)
BAS-121 Principles of Plant Breeding 3(2+1)
BAS-122 Growth and Development of Horticultural Crops 2(1+1)
NRM-121 Environmental Science 3(2+1)
NRM-122 Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management 2(1+1)
NCC/NSS (NC) 1(0+1)
Total 21 (12+9)
NC=1
Semester –III
Course No. Course Title Credit Hrs.
FRS-211 Temperate Fruits 2(1+1)
FRS-212 Plant Propagation and Nursery Management 2(1+1)
2
VEG-211 Temperate Vegetables 2(1+1)
FLS-211 Commercial Floriculture 3(2+1)
PPR-211 Fundamentals of Plant Pathology 3(2+1)
PPR-212 Fundamentals of Entomology 3(2+1)
FPU-213 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 3(2+1)
NRM-211 Organic Farming 2(1+1)
NCC/NSS (NC) 1(0+1)
Total 20 (12+8)
NC=1
Semester –IV
Course No. Course Title Credit Hrs..
FRS-221 Plantation Crops 3(2+1)
FRS-222 Orchard Management 2(1+1)
VEG-221 Spices and Condiments 3(2+1)
VEG-222 Potato and Tuber Crops 3(2+1)
FLS-221 Ornamental Horticulture 3(2+1)
NRM-221 Soil and Plant Analysis 2(1+1)
PPR-221 Insect Pests of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal & Aromatic Plants 3(2+1)
PPR-222 Diseases of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 3(2+1)
BAS-221 Fundamentals of Extension Education 2(1+1)
NCC/NSS (NC) 1(0+1)
Total 24 (15+9)
NC=1
Semester –V
Course No. Course Title Credit Hrs.
FRS-311 Weed Management in Horticultural Crops 3(2+1)
VEG-311 Breeding of Vegetable, Tuber and Spice Crops 3(2+1)
PHT-311 Post Harvest Management of Horticultural Crops 3(2+1)
PPR-311 Nematode Pests of Horticultural Crops and their Management 2(1+1)
PPR-312 Diseases of Vegetable, Ornamentals and Spice Crops 3(2+1)
PPR-313 Mushroom Culture 1(0+1)
NRM-311 Farm Power and Machinery 2(1+1)
NRM-315 Introduction to Major Field Crops 2(1+1)
SILV-311 Introductory Agroforestry 2(1+1)
Total 21 (12+9)
3
Semester –VI
Course No. Course Title Credit Hrs.
PPR-321 Apiculture 1(0+1)
PPR-322 Insect Pests of Vegetable, Ornamental and Spice Crops 3(2+1)
FRS-321 Breeding of Fruit and Plantation Crops 3(2+1)
VEG-321 Seed production of Vegetable, Tuber and Spice Crops 3(2+1)
FLS-321 Breeding and Seed Production of Ornamental Plants 3(2+1)
NRM-321 Horti-Business Management 2(2+0)
BAS-321 Entrepreneurship Development and Communication Skills 2(1+1)
PHT-321 Processing of Horticultural Crops 3(1+2)
Total 20 (12+8)
HANDS ON TRAINING/EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING AREAS IDENTIFIED
At a time students shall undergo hands-on-training in two specialized areas of study out
of following four, subject to availability of infrastructure at the college. The areas of
specialization are follows:
Protected cultivation of high value crops
Nursery production and management
Post harvest technology and value addition
Floriculture and landscape gardening
Final year B.Sc. (Horticulture) students have to select any two areas (given above) to undergo
specialized training in VII and VIII semester
VII Semester:
(i) Experiential learning (Professional Package-I) (14 weeks) 15
(ii) RHWEP & Placement in industries (3 weeks) 5
Total 20
VIII Semester
(i) Experiential learning (Professional Package-II) (14 weeks) 15
(ii) RHWEP & Placement in industries (3 weeks) 5
Total 20
Summary of Semester wise Credit Distribution
S. No. Activity Credit Hrs.
1 Course work upto VI semester 127 (Minimum)
2 RHWEP/Hands-on-Training in VII and VIII
semester
40
Total 167 (Minimum)
4
B.Sc. (Horticulture) Honours, Part I
I Semester
BAS-111 Elementary Statistics and Computer Application 3 (2+ 1)
Theory:
Basic concepts: Meaning of statistics, types and sources of data, classification and
tabulation of data, construction of frequency distribution, tables. Graphic representation of data:
simple, multiple components and percentage, bar diagram, pie diagram, histogram, frequency
polygon and frequency curve. Average and measures of location: Mean, mode, median,
geometric mean, harmonic mean, percentiles and quadrilles, for raw and grouped data.
Dispersion: Range, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation for raw and grouped
data. Probability: Basic concept, additive and multiplicative laws. Theoretical distributions:
Binominal, poison and normal distributions; Sampling: basic concepts, sampling vs. complete
enumeration, parameter and statistic; Sampling methods: Simple random sampling and stratified
random sampling. Tests of Significance: Basic concepts, tests for equality of means, and
independent and paired t-tests, chi-square test for application of attributes and test for goodness
of fit of mendalian ratios. Correlation: Scatter diagram, correlation co-efficient and its properties,
regression, fitting of simple linear regression, test of significance of correlation and regression
coefficient. Experimental Designs: Basic concepts, completely randomized design, randomized
block design, latin square designs; Factorial experiments: basic concepts, analysis of factorial
experiments up to 3 factors; Split plot design, strip plot design, long term experiments, plot size,
guard rows. Computer application: Introduction to computers and personal computers, basic
concepts, operating system, DOS and Windows; Introduction to programming languages, BASIC
language, concepts, basic and programming techniques, MS Office: MS-Word, Excel, Power
Point; Introduction to Multi-Media and its application. VISUAL BASIC: concepts, basic and
programming techniques; introduction to Internet.
Practical: Construction of frequency distribution table and its graphical representation, histogram,
frequency polygon, frequency curve, bar chart, simple, multiple, component and percentage bar
charts, pie chart, mean, mode for row and grouped data, percentiles, quartile, and median for row
and grouped data, coefficient of variation, ‘t’ test for independent, paired ‘t’ test, chi-square test
for contingency tables and theoretical ratios, correlation and linear regression. Studies on
computer components – BASIC language, VISUAL BASIC, programming techniques; MS
Office: Word, Excel, Power Point.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.No. Topics Tentative
Dates
1. Basic concepts: Meaning and definition of statistics, aim, scope
2. Types and sources of data
3. Classification and tabulation of data, construction of frequency distribution
4. Tables, graphic representation of data, simple, multiple component and
percentage
5. Bar diagram, pie diagram, histogram, frequency polygon and frequency curve
6. Measures of location : mean, mode, median
5
7. Geometric mean, harmonic mean and percentiles and quadrilles for raw and
grouped data
8. Dispersion: Range, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation
9. Probability: Basic concept, additive and multiplicative laws
10. Theoretical distributions: Binominal and poison distributions
11. Theoretical distributions: Normal distribution
12. Sampling, basic concepts, sampling vs. complete enumeration, parameter and
statistic
13. Sampling methods : simple random sampling and stratified random sampling
14. Tests of Significance: Basic concepts, tests for equality of means and
independent and paired t-tests
15. Chi-square test for application of attributes and test for goodness of fit of
mendalian ratios
16. Correlation: Scatter diagram, correlation co-efficient and its properties
17. Regression, fitting of simple linear regression
18. Test of significance of correlation and regression coefficient
19. Experimental Designs: Basic concepts
20. Completely randomized design
21. Randomized block design and Latin square designs
22. Factorial experiments: Basic concepts, analysis of factorial experiments up to
3 factors
23. Split plot design and
24. Strip plot design
25. Introduction to computers and personal computers
26. Basic concepts: Operating system, DOS and Windows 95
27. MS Office: MS-Word, Excel, Power Point
28. Introduction to programming languages
29. BASIC language, concepts, basic and programming techniques
30. VISUAL BASIC-concepts, basic and programming techniques
31. Introduction to Internet
32. Introduction to Multi-Media and its application.
Lecture Schedule: Practicals
S.No. Topics Tentative
Dates
1. Construction of frequency distribution table and its graphical representation
2. Histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curve, bar chart,
3. simple, multiple, component and percentage bar charts, pie chart
4. Mean, mode for row and grouped data, percentiles, quadrille
5. Median for row and grouped data
6. Coefficient of variation
7. Independent t-test
8. Paired t-test or Dependent t-test
9. Chi-square test for contingency tables and theoretical ratios
6
10. Problems related to coefficient of correlation
11. Problems related to Linear regression equation with least square method
12. Problems related to solving Linear regression equations
13. Introduction to computer components
14. MS Office, Excel, Power
15. BASIC language, VISUAL BASIC, programming techniques
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Agrawal, B.L. (1996). Programmed Statistics. New Age International Publishers.
2. Chandel, S.R.S. (2004). A Handbook of Agricultural Statistics. Achal Prakashan Mandir,
Kanpur.
3. Das, M.N. and Giri. N.C. (1986). Design and analysis of Experiments. New Age
International Publishers.
4. Rao, G.N. (1983). Statistics for Agricultural Science. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.
5. Gomez, K.A. and Gomez , A.A. (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research.
John Wiley and Sons.
6. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V.K. (2006). Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics. Sultan
Chand and Sons, New Delhi.
7. Gupta S.C. (2006). Fundamentals of Statistics. Himalaya Publishing House. New Delhi
8. Sinha, P.K. and Shinha, P. (2003) Computer Fundamentals - 4th Revised Edition. B.P.B.
Publications
9. Sukthame and C. Ashok (1984). Sampling Theories and Surveys with Application.
ICAR, New Delhi, 3rd ed.
10. Panse, V.G. and Sukhatme, P.V. (1985). Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers.
ICAR, New Delhi.
BAS-112 Basic Mathematics (NC) 3(3+0)
Theory:
Elementary idea of complex number. Arithmetic and Geometric progressions. Elementary idea
of permutation and combinations. Binomial theocrem for positive integral index, any index and
their applications, addition and substraction formulae. A, B and C, D formulae. Sine and Cosine
formulae. Inverse Trignometric functions. Introduction to matrices and determinants, special
type of matrices, addition, substraction and multiplication of matries. Inverse of a matrix
solution of system of linear equations using Cramer’s rule and matrices method. Measures of
central tendency and dispersion. Correlation and Regression. Elementary idea of probability
theory.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.No. Topics Tentative
Dates
1. Elementary idea of complex number : Introduction, Complex number in
the form of a+ib, Real and imaginary parts of complex number, Conjugate
of Complex Number
2. Modulus and argument of a complex number, Algebra of complex number
7
3. Polar representation of complex number, square root of complex number
4. Cube roots of unity
5. Problems on complex number
6. Arithmetic progression
7. Geometric progression
8. Elementary idea of permutation
9. Elementary idea of combinations
10. Binomial theorem for positive integral index, any index and their
applications
11. Problems on Binomial theorem
12. Problems on Binomial theorem
13. Addition and subtraction formulae. A, B and C, D formulae
14. Addition and subtraction formulae. A, B and C, D formulae
15. Addition and subtraction formulae. A, B and C, D formulae
16. Sine and Cosine formulae
17. Sine and Cosine formulae
18. Inverse Trigonometric functions
19. Problems based on Inverse Trigonometric functions
20. Problems based on Inverse Trigonometric functions
21. Introduction to matrices
22. Addition of matrices
23. Subtraction of matrices
24. Multiplication
25. Miscellaneous problems on matrices
26. Introduction of determinants
27. Properties of determinant
28. Miscellaneous problems on determinants
29. Inverse of a matrix solution of system of linear equations using Cramer’s
rule
30. Inverse of a matrix solution of system of linear equations using matrices
method
31. Introduction of measures of location
32. Mean
33. Mode
34. Median
35. Geometric mean, harmonic mean and percentiles and quadrilles for raw
and grouped data
36. Introduction of dispersion: Range,
37. standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation
8
38. Introduction of correlation
39. Types of correlation
40. Measures of coefficient of correlation
41. Properties of coefficient of correlation
42. Problems based on coefficient of correlation
43. Introduction of regression
44. Lines of regression equations
45. Properties of coefficient of regression
46. Problems based on regression
47. Elementary idea of probability theory
48. Properties of probability and Problems based on probability
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Veena, G.R. (2005). Comprehensive Basic Mathematics Vol. II. New Age International
Publishers.
2. Gangadharan (2003). Engineering Mathematics, Vol. I. Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd
3. Rao, Govinda, H.S.(2005). Engineering Mathematics, Vol. I. New Age International
Publishers
BAS-113 Introductory Botany (NC) 3(2+1)
THEORY
Introduction to Botany and general classification of plants. Parts of a typical flowering
plant. Morphology of root, stem, leaf and flower. Structure and types of plant tissues. Internal
structure of Dicot and Monocot Stems, Roots and a typical Leaf. Significance of life cycle with
special reference to alternation of generations in Chlamydomonas, Rhizopus, Funaria, Adiantum,
Pinus and a flowering plant. Importance of plants in relation to environments.
PRACTICAL:
Morphological studies of roots, stems, leaves and flowers. Studies of permanent slides of
histology and anatomy. Morphological studies of gametophytes and sporophytes of the plants
pertaining to the life cycle. General survey of the local vegetation. A field trip during the
semester.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.No. Topics Tentative
Dates
1. Introduction to Botany
2. General classification of plants
3. Parts of a typical flowering plant
4. Parts of a typical flowering plant continue
5. Morphology of root
6. Morphology of stem
9
7. Morphology of leaf
8. Morphology of flower
9. Structure and types of plant tissues
10. Internal structure of Dicot and Monocot stems
11. Internal structure of Dicot and Monocot Roots
12. Internal structure of Dicot and Monocot Leaf
13. Life cycle of Chlamydomonas, Rhizopus
14. Life cycle of Funaria and Adiantum
15. Life cycle of Pinus and a flowering plant
16. Importance of plants in relation to environments.
Lecture Schedule: Practicals
S.No. Topics Tentative
Dates
1. Introduction to microscopy- simple and compound microscope
2. Uses of staining technique
3. Morphological studies of roots
4. Morphological studies of stems
5. Morphological studies of leaves
6. Morphological studies of flowers
7. Studies of permanent slides of histology
8. Studies of permanent slides of anatomy
9. Morphological studies of gametophytes
10. Morphological studies of sporophytes
11. General survey of the local vegetation
12. A field trip
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Dutta, A.C (2005). A class book of Botany. Oxford University Press, New Delhi
2. Kumar, A. (2001). Botany in forestry and environment. Avichal Press(p) Ltd. Anand
3. Pandey B.P. (1978). Economic Botany. Rajendra Ravindra Printers, New delhi
4. Kumar, Bendre ( 2009). A text book of Practicle botany 2, Rastogi publications, Meerut
BAS-114 Structural Grammar and Spoken English (NC) 2(1+1)
Theory:
Structural Grammar: Introduction of Word Classes; Structure of Verb in English;
Uses of Tenses; Study of Voice; Study of Conjunctions and Prepositions; Sentence Patterns
in English. Spoken English: Conversations of different situations in everyday life; the
concept of stress; stress shift in words and sentences; silent letters in words and
pronunciation of words with silent letters, the basic intonation patterns.
Practical:
10
Structural Grammar: Exercises in word classes, identification and study of verbs in
sentences, application of tenses and voice, exercises in conjunctions and prepositions, other
structural grammar exercises, report writing, letter writing (different types of letters). Spoken
English: Conversations of everyday life, the concept of stress; stress shift. Silent letters in
words, basic intonation patterns, preparing and address.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.No. Topics Tentative
Dates
1. Introduction of Word Classes
2. Structure of Verb in English
3. Uses of Tenses
4. Tenses continue
5. Study of Voice
6. Study of Conjunctions
7. Study of Prepositions
8. Sentence Patterns
9. Conversations of different situations in everyday life
10. Conversations continue
11. the concept of stress
12. stress shift in words
13. stress shift in sentences
14. silent letters in words
15. pronunciation of words with silent letters
16. the basic intonation patterns
Lecture Schedule: Practicals
S.No. Topics Tentative
Dates
1. Exercises in word classes
2. identification and study of verbs in sentences
3. application of tenses
4. application of voice
5. exercises in conjunctions
6. exercises in prepositions
7. report writing
8. letter writing
9. Conversations of everyday life
10. the concept of stress
11. stress shift in words
12. stress shift in sentences
13. silent letters in words
11
14. pronunciation of words with silent letters
15. the basic intonation patterns
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Agarwal, N.K (2008). A Senior English grammer and composition. Goyal brothers. New
Delhi
2. Jain, B.B (2006). Learn to write correct English. Upkar Publications. New Delhi.
3. Pal, R. and Suri P. (2004) English Grammer and composition. Sultan chand and Sons.
New Delhi
4. Wren and Martin (2008). Text book of Grammer. Sultan chand and Sons. New Delhi
BAS-115 Introductory Plant Physiology 2(1+1)
Theory:
Water Relations in Plants: Role of water in plant metabolism, osmosis inhibition,
diffusion, water potential and its components, measurement of water potential in plants,
absorption of water, mechanism of absorption and ascent of sap. Stomata: Structure, distribution,
classification, mechanism of opening and closing of stomata. Osmotic pressure, guttation, stem
bleeding; transpiration methods and mechanism and factors affecting transpiration. Drought:
Different types of stresses; water, heat and cold tolerance; mechanism of tolerance. Plant
Nutrition: Essentiality, mechanism of absorption and its role in plant metabolism.
Photosynthesis, structure and function of chloroplast, dark and light reactions, cyclic and non-
cyclic electron transfer, CO2 fixation – C3, C4 and CA metabolism, advantages of C4 pathway.
Respiration, Photorespiration and its implications, factors affecting photosynthesis.
Phytohormones, physiological role in controlling plant processes. Environmental stimuli for
plant development.
Practical:
Measurement of water potential, osmosis, root pressure, structure of the stomata,
distribution, opening and closing of the stomata, measurement, transpiration and calculation of
transpirational pull demonstration. Importance of light and chlorophyll in photosynthesis,
pigment identification in horticultural crops and studying the enzyme activity of catalase,
estimation of phenols, studying plant movements, root initiation in cuttings.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.No. Topics Tentative
Dates
1. Water relations in plants: role of water in plant metabolism.
2. Osmosis, imbibition, diffusion, Water potential and its components,
3. Absorption of water, Mechanisms of absorption, Ascent of sap.
4. Stomata, structure, distribution, Classification, mechanisms of opening
and closing of stomata, Imbibition, plasmolysis
5. Guttation, transpiration, factors affecting transpiration.
6. Different types of stresses: water, heat and cold tolerance
12
7. Mechanism of tolerance. Plant nutrition: Essentiality Mechanism of
absorption, Role in plant metabolism,
8. Photosynthesis, importance of photosynthesis
9. Structure and function of chloroplast,
10. Dark and light reactions, CO2 fixation, C3 , C4 and CAM, Advantages of
C4 pathway,
11. Photorespiration and its implications.
12. Respiration, Factors affecting the photosynthesis
13. Glycolysis, TCA cycle and Electron transport chain, ATP synthesis and
factors affecting the respiration
14. Phyotohormones
15. Physiological role in controlling plant process.
16. Environmental stimuli for plant development, growth and development
of plant
Lecture Schedule: Practicals
S.No. Topics Tentative
Dates
1. Measurement of water potential by different methods,
2. Osmosis – demonstration,
3. Plasmolysis – demonstration,
4. Root pressure – demonstration,
5. Transpiration rate,
6. Studying the structure of stomata,
7. Studying the opening and closing of stomata
8. Demonstration of importance of light in photosynthesis,
9. Separation of xanthophyll, Chlorophyll in plants,
10. Studying the activity of catalase
11. Detection of. phenols in plants,
12. Studying the plant movements
13. Root initiation in cuttings
14. Study of Growth kinetics
15. Study of Growth hormones
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Malik C.P, Srivastav A.K (2004) Text book of Plant physiology. Kalyani publishers.
New Delhi
2. Pandey S. N, Sinha B.K (2004). Plant physiology. Vikas publishing house, New Delhi.
3. Salisbury and Ross (2007). Plant physiology. CBS publishers and Distributors, New
Delhi
13
BAS-116 Principles of Genetics and Cytogenetics 3 (2+1)
Theory:
Historical background of genetics, theories and hypothesis. Physical basis of heredity,
cell reproduction, mitosis, meiosis and its significance. Gametogenesis and syngamy in plants.
Mendelian genetics–Mendel’s principles of heredity, deviation from Mendelian inheritance,
pleiotropy, threshold characters, co-dominance, penetrance and expressivity. Chromosome
theory of inheritance, gene interaction. Modification of monohybrid and dihybrid rations.
Multiple alleles, quantitative inheritance linkage and crossing over, sex linked inheritance and
characters. Cytoplasmic inheritance and maternal effects. Chemical basis of heredity, structure of
DNA and its replication. Evidence to prove DNA and RNA – as genetic material. Mutations
and their classification. Chromosomal aberrations, changes in chromosome structure and
number.
Practical:
Study of fixatives and stains. Squash and smear techniques. Demonstrations of
permanent slides and cell division, illustration in plant cells, pollen fertility and viability,
determination of gametes, Solving problems of monohybrid, dihybrid, and test cross ratios using
chi-square test, gene interactions, estimation of linkages using three point test cross from F2 data
and construction of linkage maps. Genetic variations in man.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.No. Topics Tentative
Dates
1. Introduction and History of genetics
2. Hypothesis-theories.
3. Physical basis of heredity,
4. Cell reproduction – mitosis
5. Cell reproduction - meiosis and its significance
6. Gametogenesis and syngamy in plants.
7. Mendel’s principles of heredity,
8. Deviation from Mendelian inhritance,
9. Pleiotropy,
10. Threshold characters,
11. Co-dominance pentrance and expresivity
12. Chromosome theory of inheritance
13. Gene interaction
14. Modification of monohybrid and dihybrid ratios
15. Multiple alleles
16. Quantitative inheritance
17. Linkage and crossing over
18. Sex determination - theories
19. Sex linked inheritance and characters
14
20. Cytoplasmic inheritance and maternal effects
21. Chemical basis of heredity
22. Structure of DNA
23. DNA replication
24. Evidences to prove DNA as genetic material
25. Mutation and its classification
26. Chromosomal aberrations
27. Changes in chromosome structure and number
28. Polyploidy mutation
29. Mode of pollination
30. Genetic code
Lecture Schedule: Practicals
S.No. Topics Tentative
Dates
1. To study structure of angiospermic flower
2. Floral biology study in some crops
3. Study of fixatives and stains
4. Preparation of slides showing various stages of mitosis
5. Preparation of slides showing various stages of meiosis
6. Testing the viability
7. Germination of pollen grains
8. Solving the problems on monohybrid
9. Solving the problems on dihybrid crosses
10. Estimation of linkages/chromosome mapping
11. Structure of DNA double model.
12. Chromosomal aberration
13. Determine progeny testing.
14. Study of cell organelles in plant,
15. Study of polyploidy method.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Gardner, Simmons, Snustard (2007). Principles of Genetics. Wiley India, new Delhi.
2. Gupta S.K. (2008). Plant Breeding theory and techniques. Agrobios india, Jodhpur.
3. Rastogi V.B. (2004). A text book of Genetics. Kedarnath Ramnath, Meerut
4. Singh B.D. (2008). Plant breeding Principals and methods. Kalyani publishers. New
Delhi.
5. Singh S. and Panwar I.S (2006). Genetic basis and method of plant breeding. CBS
Publisher and distributiors. New Delhi
15
BAS-117 Introductory Economics 2(2+0)
Theory:
Nature and scope of economics, definition and concepts, divisions of economics,
approaches to the study of economics. Consumption – theory of consumer behaviour, laws of
consumption, classification of goods. Wants – their characteristics and classification, utility and
its measurement, cardinal and ordinal, law of diminishing marginal utility, law of equi-marginal
utility, indifference curve and its properties, consumer equilibrium. Theory of demand, demand
schedule and curve, market demand. Price, income and cross elasticities, Engil’s law of family
expenditure – consumer’s surplus. Factors of production – land and its characteristics, labour
and division of labour, theories of population. Capital and its characteristics – classification and
capital formation. Laws of return – law of diminishing marginal return – cost concepts. Law of
supply – supply schedule. Distribution – modern theories of rent, wage, interest and profit.
Price determination under various market structures.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.No. Topics Tentative
Dates
1. Nature and scope of economics
2. Definition and concept
3. Division of economics
4. Approaches to the study of economics
5. Theory of consumer behaviour
6. Laws of consumption
7. Classification of goods
8. Wants-their characteristics and classification,
9. Utility and its measurement. Cardinal and ordinal.
10. Law of diminishing marginal utility.
11. Law of equi- marginal utility.
12. Indifference curve and its properties.
13. Consumer equilibrium. Theory of demand.
14. Demand schedule and curve market demand
15. Price, income and cross elasticities.
16. Engils law of family expenditure-consumer,s surplus .
17. Factors of production-land and its characteristics
18. labour and division of labour
19. Theories of population
20. capital and its characteristics-classification and capital formation.
21. continue
22. Laws of return-law of diminishing marginal return.
23. continue
24. Cost concepts.
25. Law of supply, supply schedule.
26. Modern theories of rent, wage, interest and profit.
27. continue
28. continue
29. continue
30. Price determination under various market structures.
16
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Bhushan Y.K (2008). Fundamental of Buisness organization and management. Sultan Chand
and sons, New Delhi
2. Lekhi R.K, Singh J. (1996). Agricultural Economics. Kalyani publishers. New Delhi
3. Reddy S.S, Ram P.R, Sastry T.V.N., Devi I. B.( 2005). Agricultural Economics. Oxford &
IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Varma J.D, Dewett K.K (2006). Elementary Economic Theroy. SChand and company. New
Delhi.
5. David K.K. (1999) Modern economic theory. Sultan Chand and company, New Delhi
BAS-118 Elementary Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 3(2+1)
Theory:
Carbohydrates: Occurrence classification and structure, physical and chemical properties
of carbohydrates, isomerism, optical activity, reducing property, reaction with acids and alkalis,
ozone formation. Lipids: Classification, important fatty acids and triglycerides, essential fatty
acids. Physical and chemical control of oils, their rancidity, phospholipids, types and
importance. Plant pigments – structure and function of chlorophyll and carotenoids, sterols,
basic structure, role of brassinosteroles in plants. Proteins: Classification, function and solubility,
amino acids – classification and structure, essential amino acids, properties of amino acids,;
structure of proteins – primary, secondary tertiary and quaternary properties and reaction of
proteins. Enzymes: Classification and mechanism of action; factors affecting enzyme action, co-
factors and co-enzymes. Vitamins and minerals as co-enzymes/co-factors. Carbohydrate
metabolism – glycolysis and TCA-cycle; metabolism of lipids, fatty acid oxidation, biosynthesis
of fatty acids, electron transport chain, bioenergetics of glucose and fatty acids. Structure and
function of nucleic acid replication, transcription and translation.
History of biotechnology. Fundamental principles, micro-propagation and scope for
commercialization. Application of micro-grafting in horticultural crops, meristem culture, anther
culture, pollen culture, embryo culture, callus culture, cell culture, somoclonal variation,
protoplast isolation, culture, fusion and applications. Cryopreservation .Genetic engineering.
Future scope and present trends. Importance of biotechnology in horticulture.
Practical:
Preparation of standard solutions and reagents. Carbohydrates – qualitative reaction,
estimation of starch, reducing and non-reducing sugars; reaction of proteins, estimation of
proteins by Lowery method. Estimation of free fatty acids; determination of iodine number of
vegetable oils. Vitamins – estimation of ascorbic acid. Paper and thin layer chromatography.
Sterilization techniques – composition and preparation of media. Isolation of DNA from plant
material, Preparation of Buffers and solutions used in molecular biology, Lab setup of good
Biotechnology and Biochemistry lab and instruments required. Callus culture, sub-culturing,
induction of rooting-techniques in hardening,
17
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.No. Topics Tentative
Dates
1. Occurrence, classification and structure, physical and chemical properties
of carbohydrates, isomerism, optical activity, reducing property, reaction
with acid and alkalis, ozone formation.
2. Occurrence, classification and structure, physical and chemical properties
of monosaccharide. Isomerism, optical activity, reducing property,
reaction with acid and alkalis, ozone formation.
3. Occurrence, classification and structure, physical and chemical properties
of disaccharides. Isomerism, optical activity, reducing property, reaction
with acid and alkalis, ozone formation.
4. Occurrence, classification and structure, physical and chemical properties
of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Isomerism, optical activity,
reducing property, reaction with acid and alkalis, ozone formation.
5. Classification of Lipids, important fatty acids and triglycerides, essential
fatty acids.
6. Physical and chemical control of oils, their rancidity, phospholipids, types
and importance.
7. Structure and function of Chlorophyll and Carotenoids (plant pigments).
8. Sterols, basic structure, role of Brassino-sterols in plants.
9. Classification and structure of Amino-aci
10. Essential amino acids, properties of amino acids.
11. Classification, function and solubility of Proteins.
12. Primary and secondary structure of proteins.
13. Tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins.
14. Properties and reaction of proteins.
15. Classification and mechanism of Enzyme action; factors affecting enzyme
action.
16. Co-factors and Co-enzymes. Vitamins and Minerals as
coenzymes/cofactors.
17. Glycolysis and TCA cycle
18. Metabolism of lipids, fatty acid oxidation.
19. Biosynthesis of fatty acids.
20. Electron transfer chain.
21. Bioenergetics of glucose and fatty acids
22. Structure and function of nucleic acids.
23. DNA replication
24. Transcription.
25. Translation.
26. History & Fundamental principles of plant biotechnology.
27. Micro-propagation and scope for commercialization.
18
28. Application of micro-grafting in horticultural crops.
29. Meristem culture, anther culture, pollen culture, embryo culture, callus
culture, cell culture.
30. Protoplast isolation, culture, fusion and applications.
31. Cryopreservation.
32. Genetic engineering. Future scope and present trends.
Importance of Biotechnology in Horticulture.
Lecture Schedule: Practicals
S.No. Topics Tentative
Dates
1. Lab setup of good Biotechnology and Biochemistry laboratory and
instruments required.
2. Study of sterilization techniques.
3. Preparation of standard solutions and reagents.
4. Qualitative analysis of Carbohydrates.
5. Quantitative estimation of Carbohydrates.
6. Qualitative analysis of reducing and non reducing sugars.
7. Quantitative estimation of Proteins by Lowery method.
8. Qualitative analysis of Lipids.
9. Quantitative estimation of Nucleic acids.
10. Determination of iodine number of vegetable oils.
11. Preparation of Buffers and solutions used in Molecular Biology.
12. Isolation of genomic DNA from plant tissue.
13. Study of commonly available antibiotics and plant growth hormones.
14. Composition and preparation of different growth media used in Plant tissue
culture laboratory.
15. Callus culture, sub-culturing and induction of rooting and shooting.
16. Paper and Thin layer Chromatography.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Agarwal P.K (2008) Biology for chemists, Pragati Prakshan, Meerut
2. Brown T.A (2005). Gene cloning and DNA analysis An introduction. Blackwell Science.
Manchester. U.K
3. Chawla, H.S. (2008). Introduction to plant biotechnology, Oxford & IBH Publishing co.
pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Gupta, P.K (2006). Biotechnology and Genomics. Rastogi publications, Meeruth
5. Moore C.T. (1989). Biochemistry and physiology of plant hormones. Narosa publishing
house, New Delhi
6. Razdan M.K (T). Introduction to plant tissue culture, Oxford & IBH Publishing co. pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi.
7. Singh B.D (2008) Biotechnology Expanding horizons. Kalyani publishers , New Delhi
8. Singh S.P (2007). A Textbook of biochemistry. CBS Publishers and distributors, New
Delhi.
19
BAS-119 INTRODUCTORY MICROBIOLOGY 2(1+ 1)
Theory:
History and Scope of Microbiology: The discovery of micro-organism, spontaneous
generation conflict, germ theory of diseases, microbial effect on organic and inorganic matter.
Development of microbiology in India and composition of microbial world. Microscopy and
Specimen Preparation: The bright field microscope, fixation, dyes and simple staining,
differential staining. Difference between prokaryotic and eucaryotic cells. Procaryotic cell
structure and functions. Types of culture media and pre-culture techniques. Microbial growth in
models of bacterial, yeast and mycelial growth curve. Measurement of bacterial growth. General
properties of viruses and brief description of bacterophages. General principle of bacterial
genetics, DNA as genetic material. Antibiosis, symbiosis, intra-microbial and extra-microbial
association.
Practical:
Examination of natural infusion and living bacteria; examination of stained cells by
simple staining and Gram staining. Methods for sterilization and nutrient agar preparation. Broth
culture, agar slopes, streak plates and pour plats, turbidometric estimation of microbial growth,
Isolation of DNA/Plasmid from micro-organism, Preparation of Buffers and solutions used in
microbiology lab, Lab setup and instruments required in microbiology lab.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.No. Topics Tentative
Dates
1. Prokaryotic cell structure and functions.
2. Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
3. History and scope of microbiology, The discovery of micro-organism.
4. Spontaneous generation conflict, germ theory of diseases.
5. Microbial effect on organic and inorganic matter.
6. Development of Microbiology in India and composition of microbial
world.
7. Microscopy and specimen preparation, The Bright field microscope.
8. Fixation, dyes and simple staining, differential staining.
9. Types of culture media and pre-culture techniques, Microbial growth of
bacteria as a model organism.
10. Measurement of bacterial growth.
11. Yeast and Mycelia growth curve.
12. General properties of viruses.
13. Brief description of Bacteriophages.
14. General principle of bacterial genetics.
15. DNA as a genetic material.
16. Antibiosis, symbiosis, intra-microbial and extra-microbial association.
20
Lecture Schedule: Practicals
S.No. Topics Tentative
Dates
1. Understanding and study of laboratory rules for Microbiology laboratory.
2. Lab set-up and instruments required in microbiology laboratory.
3. Preparation of buffers and solutions used in microbiology laboratory.
4. Methods for sterilization and nutrient agar preparation.
5. Broth culture and agar-slopes preparation.
6. Preparation of Streak plates and Pour plates.
7. Enumeration of bacteria by plate count or serial dilution or agar plate
technique.
8. Measurement of cells concentration of bacteria or fungal conidia by
counting chamber.
9. Estimation of bacterial/microbial populations by Spectrophotometer method.
10. Plasmid isolation from microorganism.
11. DNA Gel Electrophoresis.
12. Basics of Microscopy.
13. Dissection Microscope.
14. Temporary wet mount (TWM) technique for microscopic observation of
living microorganisms.
15. Simple and Gram staining.
16. Negative and Acid fast staining.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Aneja K.R (2008). Experiment in Microbiology plant pathology and biotechnology. New
Age international publishers. New Delhi
2. Patel A.H. (2004) Industrial microbiology, Macmillan India limited. New Delhi
3. Pelczar J.M. Chan J.R. E.S and Krieg W.R. (1993) Tata McGrawHill publishing
company limited, New Delhi
NRM-111 Fundamentals of Soil Science 3(2+1)
Theory:
Composition of earth’s crust, soil as a natural body – major components. Soil forming rocks
and minerals: weathering and processes of soil formation. Physical parameters: texture – definition,
methods of textural analysis, stock’s law, assumption, limitations, textural classes, use of textural
triangle; absolute specific gravity, definition, apparent specific gravity/bulk density – factors
influencing field bulk density. Relation between BD (bulk density) and AD – practical problems.
Pore space – definition, factors affecting capillary and non-capillary porosity. Soil colour –
definition, its significance, colour variable- value, hue and chroma. Munsell colour chart, factors
influencing- parent material, soil moisture, organic matter. Soil structure: definition, classification
(type, classes and grades) of soil structure, factors influencing it and genesis of soil structure. Soil
consistency, plasticity, Atterberg’s constants. Soil air: air capacity, composition, factors influencing
it, amount of air space, soil air renewal. Soil temperature, sources and distribution of heat, factors
influencing. Chemical properties: soil colloids, organic-humus, inorganic-secondary silicate clays.
Ion exchange-cation and anion exchange capacity, their importance. Soil organic matter
21
decomposition, pH and nutrient availability, soil buffering capacity. Soil water, forms- hygroscopic,
capillary and gravitational; soil moisture constants-hygroscopic coefficient, wilting point, field
capacity, moisture equivalent, maximum water holding capacity, energy concepts, PF scale; Soil
water measurement, gravimetric – electric (gypsum block), tensiometer methods – pressure plate and
pressure membrane apparatus – Neutron probe; Soil water movement-saturated & unsaturated. Soil
classification–climatic, genetic, American system, soil Taxonomy. Aerial photography–satellite
images of soil features – their interpretation. Land capability classification; soils of different eco-
systems and their properties. Problem soils and their management – soils environmental quality.
Irrigation water quality.
Practical: Collection and preparation of soil samples. Identification of rocks and minerals.
Estimation of moisture, EC, pH and bulk density. Textural analysis of soil by Hydrometer
method, chemical analysis of soil – Fe2O3, P, K, Ca, Mg and S, total N, organic carbon and
cation exchange capacity.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Soil as a natural body and medium for plant growth
2. Composition of earth’s crust
3. Soil components and soil-plant relationship
4. Soil forming rocks-classification and their properties
5. Soil forming minerals-classification and their properties
6. Weathering and processes of soil formation
7. Physical properties of soils–texture, definition, methods of textural
analysis
8. Soil Structure- definition, classification ,factors affecting
9. Bulk density, Particle density and relationship with porosity
10. Pore space- definition, factors affecting, capillary and non-capillary
porosity
11. Soil colour, consistence and plasticity,
12. Soil air-composition and dynamics, soil air renewal
13. Soil temperature, sources and distribution of heat, factors influencing
14. Soil colloids- inorganic and organic,
15. Silicate clays: constitution and properties
16. Humic substance nature and properties
17. Ion exchange, cation –anion, importance
18. Soil organic matter and it’s decomposition
19. Soil organic matter influence on soil properties
20. Soil reaction pH and its measurement,
21. Buffering, effect of pH on nutrient availability
22. Soil water forms, soil moisture constants
23. Soil water retention, dynamics and availability
22
Lecture Schedule: Practical
S.No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Collection, processing and storage of soil samples
2. Identification and description of rocks
3. Identification and description of soil forming minerals
4. Estimation of soil moisture by Gravimetric method
5. Determination of pH in soil and irrigation water
6. Determination of Electrical conductivity in soil and irrigation water
7. Determination of Bulk Density of soil by core sampler
8. Determination of Particle Density of soil and calculation of pore space
9. Determination of soil colour by Munsell colour chart
10. Textural analysis of soil by Hydrometer method
11. Estimation of organic matter content in given soil sample
12. Determination of cation exchange capacity of soil
13. Estimation of soil iron and aluminum oxides (R2O3)
14. Chemical analysis of soil for N,P,K
15. Chemical analysis of soil for Ca, Mg
16. Chemical analysis of soil for S
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Biswas, T. D. and Mukherjee, S. K. (1994) Text book of Soil science. Tata Mcgraw-Hill
publishing company Limited, New Delhi- 110 002
2. Das, D. K. (2004) Introductory Soil Science. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana- 141 008
3. Gupta, P. K. (2007) Hand Book of Soil, Fertilizer and manure. Agrobios (India), Jodhpur
4. Mehra, R. K. (2006) Text book of Soil science. ICAR publication, New Delhi
5. Rai, M. M. (2005) Principles of Soil science. Macmillon India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi
FRS-111 Fundamentals of Horticulture 3(2+1)
Theory:
Economic importance and classification of horticultural crops and their culture and
nutritive value, area and production, exports and imports, fruit and vegetable zones of India and
of different states, nursery management practices, soil and climate, vegetable gardens, nutrition
and kitchen garden and other types of gardens – principles, planning and layout, management of
orchards, planting systems and planting densities. Production and practices for fruit, vegetable
and floriculture crops, nursery techniques and their management. Principles and methods of
24. Soil moisture measurements
25. Aerial photography-satellite of soil features-their interpretation
26. Soil classification-land capability classification
27. Soil of different agro eco-systems and their properties
28. Management of problem soils
29. Soils environmental quality
30. Irrigation water quality
23
pruning and training of fruit crops, types and use of growth regulators in horticulture, water
management, weed management, fertility management in horticultural crops, cropping systems,
intercropping, multi-tier cropping, mulching, bearing habits, factors influencing the fruitfulness
and unfruitfulness. Rejuvenation of old orchards, top working and frame working.
Practical: Features of orchard, planning and layout of orchard, tools and implements, layout of
nutrition garden, preparation of nursery beds for fruits and vegetables, digging of pits for fruit
plants, planting systems, training and pruning of orchard trees, preparation of fertilizer mixtures
and field application, preparation and application of growth regulators, layout of different
irrigation systems, identification and management of nutritional disorder in fruits and vegetables,
assessment of bearing habits, maturity standards and harvesting.
Lecture Schedule: Practical
S.No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Economic importance of horticultural crops
2. Economic importance of horticultural crops
3. Classification of horticultural crops and their culture and nutritive value,
area and production, exports and imports
4. Classification of horticultural crops and their culture and nutritive value,
area and production, exports and imports
5. Classification of horticultural crops and their culture and nutritive value,
area and production, exports and imports
6. Fruit and vegetable zones of India and of different states
7. Nursery management practices
8. Nursery management practices
9. Soil and climate
10. Vegetable gardens, nutrition and kitchen garden and other types of
gardens
11. Principles, planning and layout, management of orchards, planting
systems and planting densities
12. Principles, planning and layout, management of orchards, planting
systems and planting densities
13. Production and practices for fruit, vegetable and floriculture crops
14. Production and practices for fruit, vegetable and floriculture crops
15. Nursery techniques and their management
16. Nursery techniques and their management
17. Principles and methods of pruning and training of fruit crops
18. Principles and methods of pruning and training of fruit crops
19. Types and use of growth regulators in horticulture
20. Water management
21. Water management
22. Weed management,
23. Fertility management in horticultural crops,
24. Fertility management in horticultural crops,
24
Lecture Schedule: Practical
S.No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Features of orchard,
2. Planning and layout of orchard,
3. Tools and implements,
4. Layout of nutrition garden,
5. Preparation of nursery beds for fruits and vegetables,
6. Digging of pits for fruit plants,
7. Planting systems,
8. Training and pruning of orchard trees,
9. Preparation of fertilizer mixtures and field application,
10. Preparation and application of growth regulators,
11. Layout of different irrigation systems,
12. Identification and management of nutritional disorder in fruits and
vegetables,
13. Assessment of bearing habits,
14. Maturity standards
15. Harvesting
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Adams, C. R., Bamford, K. M. and Early, M.P.(2008) Principles of Horticulture,
Elsevier, Amsterdam.
2. Barooah, S.(1998) Modern Fruit culture, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, Kolkata.
3. Malik, Mohmood N. (2000) Horticulture, Biotech Books, Delhi.
4. Peter K.V. (2008). Basics of Horticulture, New India Publ. Agency, New Delhi.
5. Sadhu, M.K. and Chattopadhyay (2001) Introductory fruit crops, Naya Prokash,
6. Singh, Jitendra (2008) Basic Horticulture, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
25. Cropping systems, intercropping, multi-tier cropping,
26. Mulching, bearing habits
27. Rejuvenation of old orchards, top working and frame working.
28. Rejuvenation of old orchards, top working and frame working.
29. Factors influencing the fruitfulness and unfruitfulness
30. Factors influencing the fruitfulness and unfruitfulness
25
B.Sc. (Horticulture) Honours, Part I II Semester
FRS-121 TROPICAL AND SUB-TROPICAL FRUITS 3(2+1)
Theory:
Horticultural classification of fruits including genomic classification. Horticultural zones
of India, detailed study of area, production and export potential, varieties, climate and soil
requirements, propagation techniques, planting density and systems, after care, training and
pruning. Management of water, nutrient and weeds, special horticultural techniques including
plant growth regulators, their solution preparation and use in commercial orchards. Physiological
disorders. Harvest indices and harvesting methods of the following crops. Mango, banana, bael,
ber, aonla, pomegranate, date palm, grapes, citrus, papaya, sapota, guava, pineapple, jackfruit
and litchi. Bearing in mango and citrus, causes and control measures of special production
problems like alternate and irregular bearing in mango and their control measures. Seediness
and kokkan disease in banana, citrus decline, their causal factors and management. Bud
forecasting in grapes, sex expression, seed production and latex extraction in papaya, economics
of production. Rainfed horticulture, importance and scope of arid and semi-arid zones of India.
Characters and special adaptation of crops:, annona, jamun, wood apple, bael, pomegranate,
carissa, phalsa, fig, west Indian cherry, avocado, mangosteen, carambola, durian, passsion
fruit and tamarind.
Practical: Description and identification of varieties based on leaf, flower and fruit morphology in
above crops. Training and pruning of ber, pomegranate, guava and citrus. Selection of site and
planting system, pre-treatment of banana suckers, desuckering in banana and date palm, sex
forms in papaya. Use of plastics in fruit production. Visit to commercial orchards and diagnosis
of maladies. Manure and fertilizer application including bio-fertilizer in fruit crops, preparation
and application of growth regulators in banana, grapes and mango. Seed production in papaya
and latex extraction. Production economics for tropical and sub-tropical fruits. Mapping of arid
and semi-arid zones of India. Botanical description and identification of ber, fig, jamun,
pomegranate, carissa, phalsa, wood apple, tamarind, aonla, bael and annona.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Horticultural classification of fruits including genomic classification
2. Horticultural zones of India
3. Detailed study including propagation, cultural practices and post
harvest management of Mango
4. Mango continues
5. Mango continues
6. Detailed study including propagation, cultural practices and post
harvest management of Banana
7. Banana continues
8. Detailed study including propagation, cultural practices and post
26
harvest management of Bael
9. Detailed study including propagation, cultural practices and post
harvest management of Ber
10. Detailed study including propagation, cultural practices and post
harvest management of Aonla
11. Detailed study including propagation, cultural practices and post
harvest management of Pomegranate
12. Detailed study including propagation, cultural practices and post
harvest management of Date palm
13. Detailed study including propagation, cultural practices and post
harvest management of Date palm
14. Detailed study including propagation, cultural practices and post
harvest management of Grapes
15. Grapes continues
16. Detailed study including propagation, cultural practices and post
harvest management of Citrus
17. Citrus continues
18. Detailed study including propagation, cultural practices and post
harvest management of Papaya
19. Papaya continues
20. Detailed study including propagation, cultural practices and post
harvest management of Sapota
21. Detailed study including propagation, cultural practices and post
harvest management of Guava
22. Detailed study including propagation, cultural practices and post
harvest management of Pineapple
23. Detailed study including propagation, cultural practices and post
harvest management of Jackfruit
24. Detailed study including propagation, cultural practices and post
harvest management of Litchi
25. Bearing in mango and citrus
26. Causes and control measures of special production problems like
alternate and irregular bearing in mango and their control measures
27. Seediness and kokkan disease in banana, citrus decline, their causal
factors and management
28. Bud forecasting in grapes, sex expression, seed production and latex
extraction in papaya, economics of production
29. Rainfed horticulture, importance and scope of arid and semi-arid zones
of India.
30. Characters and special adaptation of crops: Annona, jamun, wood
apple, bael, pomegranate, carissa, phalsa, fig, west Indian cherry,
avocado, mangosteen, carambola, durian, passsion fruit and tamarind
31. Characters and special adaptation of crops: Avocado, mangosteen,
carambola, durian, passsion fruit and tamarind
32. Characters and special adaptation of crops: West Indian cherry,
avocado, mangosteen, carambola, durian, passsion fruit and tamarind
27
Lecture Schedule: Practical
S.No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Description and identification of varieties based on leaf, flower and fruit
morphology in above crops
2. Training and pruning of ber, pomegranate, guava and citrus
3. Selection of site and planting system, pre-treatment of banana suckers,
desuckering in banana and date palm
4. Sex forms in papaya
5. Use of plastics in fruit production
6. Visit to commercial orchards and diagnosis of maladies
7. Manure and fertilizer application including bio-fertilizer in fruit crops
8. Preparation and application of growth regulators in banana, grapes and
mango
9. Seed production in papaya and latex extraction
10. Production economics for tropical and sub-tropical fruits
11. Mapping of arid and semi-arid zones of India
12. Botanical description and identification of following crops :
13. Ber, fig and jamun
14. Pomegranate, carissa and phalsa
15. Aonla and wood apple
16. Tamarind and bael
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Bose, T. K. Mitra,S.K. and Sanyal, D. (2001) Fruits:Tropical and Subtropical, Naya
Udyog, Kolkata.
2. Chattopadhyay, P.K.(1999) A textbook of pomology, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
3. Chundawat, B.S. and Sen, N. L. (2002) Principles of fruit culture, ATPA, Udaipur.
4. Dashora, L.K., Sen, N.L. and Maurya, I.B. (2004) Production technology of under-
utilized Fruit crops, Yash Publishers, Bikaner.
5. Nath, Vishal, kumar Dinesh and Pandey, V.(2008) Fruits for the future,Vol.1, Satish
publications, Ajmer.
6. Radha T. and Mathew, L. (2007) Fruit crops, NIPA, New Delhi.
7. Sen, N.L and Dashora, L.K.(2003) Phal utpadan evam phal tatha sabji prrrakshan, Alka
serial publishing house, Delhi.
FRS-122 Water Management in Horticultural Crops 2(1+1)
Theory:
Importance of water, water resources in India with special reference to Rajasthan. Area of
different crops under irrigation, function of water for plant growth, effect of moisture stress on
crop growth. Available and unavailable soil moisture – distribution of soil moisture – water
budgeting – rooting characteristics and methods of root distribution studies in different fruit
crops. Water requirement of horticultural crops – lysimeter studies – Plant water potential
climatological approach – use of pan evaporimeter – factor for crop growth stages – critical
stages of crop growth for irrigation. Irrigation scheduling – different approaches – methods of
28
irrigation – surface and sub-surface pressurized methods viz., sprinkler and drip irrigation, their
suitability, merits and limitations, fertigation, economic use of irrigation water. Water
management problem, soils and quality of irrigation water, irrigation management practices for
different soils and crops.
Practical: Measurements of irrigation water by using water measuring devices, use of common formula in
irrigation practices, practicing of land leveling and land shaping implements, layout for different
methods of irrigation. Estimation of soil moisture constants and soil moisture by using different,
methods and instruments like zypsum block, gravimetric method, tensiometer, scheduling of
irrigation, different approaches, practicing use of instruments, estimation of irrigation efficiency
and water requirements of horticultural crops.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topics Tentative
Dates
1. Explanation of whole course content in brief
2. Irrigation Management- problems & practices for different soils and
crops
3. Water resources in India,
4. Importance of irrigation water in agriculture 5. Study of different hydrologic properties 6. Water budgeting 7. Rooting characteristics – moisture extraction pattern. 8. Water requirement-NIR & GIR, lysimeter studies 9. Plant water potential climatological approach – use of pan
evaporimeter
10. Study of different irrigation efficiencies 11. Irrigation scheduling – different approaches
12. Methods of irrigation – surface and sub-surface, their layouts,
suitability, merits and limitations,
13. Pressurized irrigation methods - sprinkler and drip irrigation their
layouts, suitability, merits and limitations, Fertigation
14. Layout of underground pipeline system.
Lecture Schedule: Practical
S. Nos. Topics Tentative
Dates
1. Measurement of irrigation water by various method
2. Practicing of land levelling and land shaping implements,
3. layout for different surface and sub-surface irrigation methods on
farm
4. layout for Pressurized irrigation methods - sprinkler and drip on farm
5. Estimation of soil moisture constants and soil moisture by using
different methods and instruments;
6. Measurement of evaporation by using Pan evaporimeter
7. Measurement of infiltration by using double cylinder infiltrometer
8. Scheduling of irrigation, different approaches
29
9. Estimation of irrigation efficiency 10. Estimation of water requirements of horticultural crops 11. Soil moisture conservation practices. 12. Use of common formula in irrigation practices,
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Majumdar, Dilip (2004) Irigation water management, principles and practices, prentice
Hall, New Delhi.
2. Michael, A. M. (2006) Irrigation theory and practice, Vikas publishing house, Pvt, Ltd,
New Delhi.
3. Michael, A.M.and Ojha, T.P.(2004) Principals of Agril Engineering, Jain Brothers, New
Delhi.
4. Murty, V.N. (2004) Land and water management engineering, Kalyani Publishers,
Ludhiana.
5. Salisburry, Frank B. and Ross Cleon, W. (2007) Plant Physiology, CBS publishers and
Distributors, New Delhi.
6. Taiz, Lincoln and Zeiger Eduaardo (2002) Plant physiology, Sinauer Associates Inc.,
USA.
VEG-121 TROPICAL AND SUB-TROPICAL VEGETABLES 3(2+1)
Theory:
Area, production, economic importance and export potential of tropical and sub-tropical
vegetable crops. Origin, climate and soil requirements, seed rate, varieties/hybrids, preparation of
field, nursery raising; transplanting and sowing, spacing, water and weed management; nutrient
management and deficiencies, use of chemicals and growth regulators, harvesting and yield,
handling, grading, storage, marketing, economics of cultivation of tomato, brinjal, chillies, okra,
cucurbits, cluster beans, cowpea, lab-lab, snap bean, moringa, amaranthus, portulaca and basella.
Practical:
Identification and description of tropical and sub-tropical vegetable seeds and crops;
nursery raising and transplanting, preparation of field and sowing, top dressing/foliar application
of nutrients and intercultural operations including staking/training. Use of herbicides and growth
regulators. Identification of nutrient deficiencies and physiological disorders. Harvest indices and
maturity standards, post-harvest handling, packaging and storage, marketing, seed
extraction,Cropping scheme and economics of cultivation.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.No. Topic Tentative
Date 1. Area, production and importance of vegetable crops(tropical and subtropical ) 2. Economic importance and export potential of vegetable crops 3. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties nursery preparation of tomato 4. Nutritional,weed ,irrigation use of pgr,s harvesting & post harvest mngt of
tomato
5. Physiological deficiencies of tomato
30
Lecture Schedule: Practical
S.No. Topic Tentative
Date 1. Identification of tropical and subtropical vegetables
2. Practice of nursery (raised and flat) preparation of vegetable crops
3. Sowing of seeds in the nursery bed
4. Transplanting of seedlingsof vegetable crops on the field
5. Calculation and formulation of herbicides in vegetable crops
6. Calculation and application of fertilisers in vegetablecrops
6. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties nursery preparation of brinjal 7. Nutritional,weed ,irrigation use of pgr,s harvesting & post harvest mngt of
brinjal
8. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties nursery preparation of chillies 9. Nutritional,weed ,irrigation use of pgr,s harvesting & post harvest mngt
ofchilliesl
10. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties nursery preparation of okra 11. Nutritional,weed ,irrigation use of pgr,s harvesting & post harvest mngt ofokra 12. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties nursery preparation of
amaranthes
13. Nutritional,weed ,irrigation use of pgr,s harvesting & post harvest mngt
ofamaranthes
14. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties nursery preparation of cluster
bean
15. Nutritional,weed ,irrigation use of pgr,s harvesting & post harvest mngt
ofcluster bean
16. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties of cow pea 17. Nutritional,weed ,irrigation use of pgr,s harvesting & post harvest mngt
ofclow pea
18. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties of lab lab bean 19. Nutritional,weed ,irrigation use of pgr,s harvesting & post harvest mngt oflab
lab bean
20. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties of snap bean 21. Nutritional,weed ,irrigation use of pgr,s harvesting & post harvest mngt ofsnap
bean
22. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties of bottle gourd 23. Nutritional,weed ,irrigation use of pgr,s harvesting & post harvest mngt of
bottle gourd
24. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties intercultural ,harvesting &ph
mng of cucumber
25. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties intercultural ,harvesting &ph
mngt of bitter gourd
26. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties intercultural ,harvesting &ph
mngt of water melon
27. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties intercultural ,harvesting &ph
mngt of musk melon
28. Climate ,soil seed rate planting system varieties intercultural ,harvesting &ph
mngt of pumpkin
31
7. Application of urea as top dressing in vegetable crops
8. Preparation and foliar application of plant growth regulators in vegetable crops
9. Identification and study of different physiological disorders of tomato
10. Identification and study of different physiological disorders of brinjal
11. Study different harvesting indices and maturity standards of vegetable crops
12. Study the post harvest handling and storage of vegetable crops
13. Study different seed extraction methods of vegetable crops
14. Study the cost of cultivation for tropical and sub tropical vegetable crps
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Bose TK & Som M G. (Eds.). 1986. Vegetable Crops in India. Naya Prokash.
2. Bose TK, Kabir J, Maity TK, Parthasarathy VA & Som MG. 2003. Vegetable Crops.
Vols. I-III. Naya Udyog.
3. Bose TK, Som MG & Kabir J. (Eds.). 2002. Vegetable Crops. Naya Prokash.
4. Chadha KL & Kalloo G. (Eds.). 1993-94. Advances in Horticulture. Vols. V-X. Malhotra
Publ. House.
5. Chadha KL. (Ed.). 2002. Hand Book of Horticulture. ICAR.
6. Chauhan DVS. (Ed.). 1986. Vegetable Production in India. Ram Prasad & Sons.
7. Fageria MS, Choudhary BR & Dhaka RS. 2000. Vegetable Crops: Production
Technology. Vol. II. Kalyani.
8. Gopalakrishanan TR. 2007. Vegetable Crops. New India Publ. Agency.
9. Hazra P & Som MG. (Eds.). 1999. Technology for Vegetable Production and
Improvement. Naya Prokash.
10. Pandey AK & Mudranalay V. (Eds.). Vegetable Production in India: Important Varieties
and Development Techniques.
11. Rana MK. 2008. Olericulture in India. Kalyani.
12. Rana MK. 2008. Scientific Cultivation of Vegetables. Kalyani.
13. Salunkhe DK & Kadam SS. (Ed.). 1998. Hand Book of Vegetable Science and
Technology: Production, Composition, Storage and Processing. Marcel Dekker.
14. Shanmugavelu KG. 1989. Production Technology of Vegetable Crops. Oxford & IBH.
15. Singh DK. 2007. Modern Vegetable Varieties and Production Technology. International
Book Distributing Co.
16. Singh NP, Bharadwaj AK, Kumar A & Singh KM. 2004. Modern Technology on
Vegetable Production. International Book Distributing Co.
17. Singh SP. (Ed.). 1989. Production Technology of Vegetable Crops. Agril. Comm. Res.
Centre.
18. Thompson HC & Kelly WC. (Eds.). 1978. Vegetable Crops. Tata Mc Graw Hill.
FLS-121 Principles of Landscape Gardening 1 (0+1)
Practical:
Principles and elements of landscape design, plant material for landscaping, symbols,
tools and implements used in landscape design, layout of formal gardens, informal gardens,
special type of gardens (bog garden, sunken garden, terrace garden, rock garden) and designing
of conservatory and lathe house. Landscape design for specific areas.
32
Lecture Schedule: Practical
S.No. Topic Tentative
date
1. Identification of important floricultural crops
2. Principles of landscape design
3. Elements of landscape garden
4. Symbols used in landscape design
5. Tools and implements used in landscape design
6. Layout plan of home garden
7. Layout plan for a large building in formal style
8. Layout plan for a large building in informal style
9. Layout plan for a school building
10. Layout plan for a sunken garden
11. Identification of important floricultural crops
12. Principles of landscape design
13. Elements of landscape garden
14. Symbols used in landscape design
15. Tools and implements used in landscape design
16. Layout plan of home garden
SUGGESTED READING
Arora, J.(2001)Introductory Ornamental Horticulture. Kalyani Publishers,B-1 / 1292 , Rajinder
Nagar, Ludhiana
Bhanu L. and Desai (1979) Planning and Planting Designs of Home Garden. lCAR, New Delhi
Bose, T.K.; Maiti, R.G.; Dhua, R.S. and Das, P. (1999) Floriculture and Landscaping. Naya
Udyog, 206, Bidhan Sarani, Kolkata - 700006.
Randhawa,G.S.and Mukhopadhyay,A.(2001) Floriculture in India. Allied publishers Limited,A-
104 Mayapuri, New Delhi-110064
PHT- 121 Fundamentals of Food Nutrition 2(1+1)
Theory:
Food and its function, physico-chemical properties of foods, food preparation techniques,
nutrition, relation of nutrition of good health. Characteristics of well and malnourished
population. Food value of fruits & vegetables. Energy: definition, determination of energy
requirements, food energy and total energy needs of the body. Carbohydrates: functions, source,
requirements, digestion, absorption and utilization. Protein: functions, sources, requirements,
digestion, absorption, essential and non-essential amino acids, quality of proteins,
PER/NPR/NPU, supplementary value of proteins and deficiency. Lapids: functions, sources,
requirements, digestion, absorption and utilization, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids,
deficiency, rancidity, refining of fats. Mineral nutrition: macro and micro-minerals (Ca, Fe and
P), function, utilization, requirements, sources, effects of deficiency. Vitamins: functions,
sources, effects of deficiency, requirements of water soluble and fat-soluble vitamins. Balanced
diet: recommended dietary allowances for various age groups, assessment of nutritional status of
the population.
33
Practical:
Acquaintance with equipments used in food technology, Methods of measuring food
ingredients, effect of cooking on volume and weight, determination of percentage of edible
portion. Browning reactions of fruits and vegetables. Microscopic examination of starches,
estimation of energy and fats of foods. Planning diet for various age groups. Survey of
population for nutritional status.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Food and its function: physiological, social and psychological
2. physico properties of foods
3. Chemical properties of food
4. food preparation techniques
5. nutrition, relation of nutrition of good health
6. Characteristics of well and malnourished population
7. Energy, definition, determination of energy requirements, food energy,
and total energy needs of the body.
8. Carbohydrates: functions, source, requirements, digestion, absorption
and utilization
9. Protein: functions, sources, requirements, digestion, absorption, essential
and non-essential amino acids,
10. Quality of proteins, PER/NPR/NPU, supplementary value of proteins and
deficiency.
11. Lipids: functions, sources, requirements, digestion, absorption and
utilization
12. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, deficiency, rancidity, refining of
fats.
13. Mineral nutrition: macro and micro-minerals (Ca, Fe and P), function,
utilization, requirements, sources, effects of deficiency.
14. Functions, sources, effects of deficiency, requirements of water soluble
vitamins
15. Functions, sources, effects of deficiency, requirements of fat-soluble
vitamins.
16. Balanced diet: recommended dietary allowances for various age groups,
assessment of nutritional status of the population.
Lecture Schedule: Practical
S.No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Identification and application of equipments in laboratory
2. Identification and uses of chemicals in laboratory
3. Methods of measuring solid food ingredients
4. Methods of measuring liquid food ingredients
5. Effect of cooking on volume and weight
6. Determination of percentage of edible portion of different types of food.
34
7. Qualitative estimation of browning in vegetables by enzyme test
8. Microscopic examination of starches
9. Numerical exercise on estimation of food energy
10. Numerical exercise on energy need of the body
11. Numerical exercise on the estimation of biological value, PER, NPR and
NPU of protein food
12. Planning diet for adult male and female
13. Planning diet for pregnant women and nursing mother
14. Survey of school going children for finding out their diet pattern
15. Trip to nearby village for identifying types of malnutrition and educating
the population for balanced diet
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Sumati R. Mudambi & M.V. Rajagopal. Fundamentals of Foods & Nutrition, Third
Edition, New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, New Delhi.
2. N. Shakuntala Manay & M Shadaksharaswamy. Foods: Facts & Principles, New Age
International (P) Limited Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Norman N. Potter & Joseph H. Hotchkiss. Food Science, Fifth Edition, CBS Publishers &
Distributors, New Delhi.
BAS-121 Principles of Plant Breeding 3 (2+1)
Theory:
Plant breeding as a dynamic science, genetic basis of Plant Breeding – classical,
quantitative and molecular, Plant Breeding in India – limitations, major achievements, goal
setting for future. Sexual reproduction (cross and self pollination), asexual reproduction,
pollination control mechanism (incompatibility and sterility and implications of reproductive
systems on population structure). Genetic components of polygenic variation and breeding
strategies, selection as a basis of crop breeding. Hybridization and selection – goals of
hybridization, selection of plants; population developed by hybridization – simple crosses, bulk
crosses and complex crosses. Polyploidy and mutation breeding. General and special breeding
techniques. Heterosis – concepts, estimation and its genetic basis.
Practical: Breeding objectives and techniques in major field crop plants. Floral biology – its
measurement, emasculation, crossing and selfing techniques in major crops. Determination of
mode of reproduction in crop plants, handling of breeding material and maintenance of
experimental records in self and cross pollinated crops. Demonstration of hybrid variation and
production techniques.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. NO. Lecture Topics Tentative
date
1. Definition, aim, objectives and scope of plant breeding
2. History and development of plant breeding – scientific contributions of
35
eminent scientists
3. Floral biology – its measurement, emasculation, crossing and selfing
techniques in major crops.
4. Modes of reproduction – asexual reproduction (vegetative reproduction
and apomixis) and sexual reproduction
5. Modes of pollination, (cross and self-pollination), self -pollination –
genetic consequences of self-pollination & cross-pollination – genetic
consequences of crosspollination– often cross-pollinated crops
6. Handling of segregating generations – pedigree method – procedure –
modifications of pedigree method – merits, demerits and achievements,
applications
7. Handling of segregating generations – bulk method – procedure –
merits, demerits and achievements of bulk method – comparison
between pedigree and bulk method – single .seed descent method
8. Backcross method of breeding – its requirements and
applications – procedure for transfer of single dominant gene and
procedure for transfer of single recessive gene
9. Backcross method – applications of back cross method –
transfer of a dominant gene – transfer of a recessive gene – transfer of
two or more characters, merits, demerits and achievements –
comparison between pedigree and backcross method;
10. Multiline variety – definition – characteristics of a good multilane –
development of multilane varieties – achievements
11. Self-incompatibility – classification – heteromorphic, homomorphic,
gametophytic and sporophytic systems of incompatibility – mechanisms
of self-incompatibility
12. Self-incompatibility – relevance of self-incompatibility – methods to
over come selfincompatibility – advantages and disadvantages –
utilization in crop improvement
13. Mutation breeding – spontaneous and induced mutations – characteristic
features of mutations – procedure of mutation breeding – applications –
advantages, limitations and achievements
14. Polyploidy – autopolyploids – origin and production – morphological
and cytological features of autopolyploids – applications of
autopolyploidy in crop improvement – limitations of autopolyploidy –
segregation in autotetraploids
15. allopolyploidy – morphological and cytological features of
allopolyploids – applications of allopolyploidy in crop improvement –
limitations of allopolyploidy
16. Pureline & Mass selection – procedure – merits, demerits and
achievements of pureline – comparison between Mass selection and
pureline selection.
17. Hardy Weinberg Law – factors affecting equilibrium frequencies in
random mating populations
18. Heterosis – concepts, estimation and its genetic basis.
19. General and special breeding techniques
36
20. Hybridization- aims and objectives – types of hybridization – pre-
requisites for hybridization –procedure / steps involved in hybridization
21. Genetic components of polygenic variation and breeding strategies,
22. Emesculation: definition, procedure, techniques
23. Male sterility – different types – genetic, cytoplasmic and cytoplasmic
genetic male sterility – inheritance and maintenance
24. Male sterility – utilization of male sterile lines in hybrid seed production
– their limitations, advantages and disadvantages
25. Inbreeding depression – brief history – effects of inbreeding – degrees
of inbreeding depression
26. Procedure for development of inbred lines and their evaluation
27. Recurrent selection – different types – detailed procedure of simple
recurrent selection and brief description of other recurrent selection
methods – conclusion on the efficiency of different selection schemes
28. Population improvement – selection without progeny testing – selection
with progeny testing –progeny selection – merits and demerits of
progeny selection – line breeding – achievements
29. Comparison between dominance and overdomiance hypotesis
30. Pollination control mechanisms,
Lecture Schedule: Practical
S. NO. Lecture Topics Tentative
date
1. To study structure of angiospermic flower
2. Floral biology study in major crops.
3. Describe various modes of reproduction in crop plants.
4. Describe various mechanisms that promote self-and cross-
pollination.
5. Breeder kit and its component.
6. Crossing and selfing techniques in major crops
7. Emasculation and its different methods.
8. Study of emasculation process in major crop plant
9. Hybridization, its types and describe various steps involved in
hybridization
10. Heterosis and describe various methods of estimating heterosis.
11. Determination of the mode of pollination and describe the procedure
for determining the amount of cross-pollination.
12. Estimation of genetic advance under selection.
13. Hybrids, its types and various operations for the production of hybrid
varieties.
14. Hybrid seed production using male sterility.
15. Plant tissue culture, its basic requirements and describe different
techniques of plant tissue culture in brief.
37
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Gupta S.K (2008). Plant Breeding theory and techniques. Agrobios india, Jodhpur.
2. Rastogi V.B (2004). A text book of Genetics. Kedarnath Ramnath, Meerut
3. Singh B.D (2008). Plant breeding Principals and methods. Kalyani publishers. New
Delhi.
4. Singh S., Panwar I.S (2006). Genetic basis and method of plant breeding. CBS Publisher
and distributiors. New Delhi
BAS-122 Growth and Development of Horticultural Crops 2(1+1)
Theory:
Growth and development-definitions, components, photosynthetic productivity, leaf area
index (LAI) - optimum LAI in horticultural crops, canopy development; different stages of
growth, growth curves, growth analysis in horticultural crops. Plant bioregulators- auxin,
gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene inhibitors and retardants, basic functions, biosynthesis, role in
crop growth and development, propagation, flowering, fruit setting, fruit thinning, fruit
development, fruit drop, and fruit ripening. Flowering-factors affecting flowering, physiology of
flowering, photoperiodism-long day, short day and day neutral plants, vernalisation and its
application in horticulture, pruning and training physiological basis of training and pruning-
source and sink relationship, translocation of assimilates. Physiology of seed development and
maturation, seed dormancy and bud dormancy, causes and breaking methods in horticultural
crops. Physiology of fruit growth and development, fruit setting, factors affecting fruit set and
development, physiology of ripening of fruits-climatic and non-climacteric fruits.
Practical:
Estimation of photosynthetic potential of horticultural crops, leaf area index, growth
analysis parameters including harvest index, bioassay of plant hormones, identification of
synthetic plant hormones and growth retardants, preparations of hormonal solution and induction
of rooting in cuttings, ripening of fruits and control of flower and fruit drop. Important
physiological disorders and their remedial measures in fruits and vegetables, rapid tissue test,
seed dormancy, seed viability by tetrazolium test, seed germination and breaking seed dormancy
with chemicals and growth regulators.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Theory Tentative
Date
1. Growth and Development- Definitions
2. Stages of growth, growth curves
3. Growth components and factors affecting growth in plants
4. Photosynthetic productivity ,Optimum LAI(Leaf area index) in horticultural crops
,
5. Growth analysis indices- Crop growth rate, Relative growth rate
6. Plant bioregulators- Classification , gibberellins, cytokinins, abscissic acid
7. Basic function of auxins
8. Basic function of giberellins
9. Basic function of cytokinins
10. Basic functions of abscissic acid
38
11. Biosynthesis of plant bioregulators
12. Role of Plant bioregulators in growth and development
13. Senescence and role of plant growth regulators
14 Plant Propagation- Classification
15. Sexual and asexual methods of propagation
16 Flowering-Physiology of flowering ,
17 Factors affecting flowering
18 Photoperiodism- Long day, Short day and day neutral plants
19 Vernalisation and its application in horticulture
20 Pruning and Training ,
21 Physiological basis of training and pruning
22 Source and sink relationship Translocation of assimilates
23 Physiology of seed development and maturation ,Seed dormancy and bud
dormancy
24 Causes of seed dormancy and breaking methods in horticultural crops
25 Physiology of fruit growth and development
26 Fruit setting ,Factors affecting fruit setting
27 Fruit thinning ,Fruit development,Fruit ripening -Physiology
28 Climacteric and non climacteric type of fruits
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S. No. Exercise Dates
1 Identification of horticultural crops at Fruit Instructional Farm
2. Important Physiological disorders and their remedial measures in fruits
3. Estimation of photosynthetic potential of horticultural crops
4. Identification of synthetic plant hormones and growth retardants
5. Preparation of hormonal solutions and induction of rooting in cuttings
6. Ripening of fruits and control of flower and fruit drop
7. Seed viability test by tetrazolium test
8. Seed germination and breaking seed dormancy with chemicals and growth
regulators
9. Measurement of leaf area
10. Rapid tissue test
Total
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Singh, Amar. 2009. Fruit Physiology and Production, Kalyani Publishers.
2. Srivastava, H.S. 2004. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Rastogi Publications, Meerut.
3. Chadha, K.L. (2003). Hand Book of Horticulture, ICAR Publication.
4. Hartman and Kester (2011). Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices of Horticulture
8th Edition, Prentice Hall of India, Publications
39
NRM-121 Environmental Science 3(2+1)
Theory:
Environment: introduction, definition and importance. Components of environment -
interactions with organisms. Global and Indian environment - past and present status.
Environmental pollution and pollutants. Air, water, food, soil, noise pollution - sources, causes
and types. Smog, acid rain, global warming, ozone hole, eutrophication, sewage and hazardous
waste management. Impact of different pollutions on humans, organisms and environment.
Introduction to biological magnification of toxins. Deforestation - forms and causes, relation to
environment. Prevention and control of pollution - technological and sociological measures and
solutions - Indian and global efforts. India, international and voluntary agencies for
environmental conservation - mandates and activities. International conferences, conventions and
summits - major achievements. Environmental policy and legislation in India. Introduction to
environmental impact assessment. Causes of environmental degradation - socio-economic
factors. Human population growth and lifestyle.
Practical:
Visit to local areas-river/forest/grassland/horticulture farm/catchment etc. to document
components of ecosystem. Study of common plants, insects, birds and animals. Visit to
industries to study pollution abatement techniques. Soil and water pollution study adjoining to
industry.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Theory Tentative
Date
1. Introduction, definition and importance of environment.
2. Components of environment and its interactions with organisms.
3. Global and Indian environment- past and present status
4. Environmental pollution and pollutants
5. Air pollution -sources, causes and types.
6. Water pollution -sources, causes and types
7. Food pollution -sources, causes and types
8. Soil pollution -sources, causes and types.
9. Noise pollution -sources, causes and types.
10. Smog and Acid rain.
11. Global warming
12. Ozone hole
13. Eutrophication.
14. Sewage and hazardous waste-management
15. Introduction to biological magnification of toxins (DDT).
16. Impact of different pollutions on the humans, organisms and
environment.
17. Deforestation -forms and causes relation to environment
18. Prevention and control of pollution -technological and sociological measures and
solutions -Indian efforts.
19. Prevention and control of pollution -technological and sociological measures and
solutions -Global efforts.
20. Indian agencies for environmental conservation
21. International agencies for environmental conservationmandates
40
and activities.
22. Voluntary agencies for environmental conservationmandates
and activities.
23. International conferences, conventions and summits–their
major achievements.
24. Environmental policy and legislation in India
25. Environmental policy and legislation in India
26. Introduction to environmental impact assessment.
27. Introduction to environmental impact assessment.
28. Environmental degradation and socio-economic factors
29. Human population growth and lifestyle
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S. No. Exercise Dates
1. Study of flora enlisting in college campus.
2. Study of fauna enlisting in college campus.
3. Visit to local river to document components of ecosystem.
4. Visit to horticulture farm to document components of ecosystem.
5. Study of grassland ecosystem
6. Study of soil pollution in college campus
7. Study of water pollution in college campus.
8. Estimation of dissolved oxygen content of Gomati Sagar pond water
9. Analysis of temporary and total hardness of effluent sample
by titration
10. Determination of total dissolved solids (tds) in effluent Samples
11. Study of dry deciduous forest ecosystem
12. Study of flora and fauna at Gandhi-Sager Wild Life Sanctuary.
13. Visit to stone polishing industry
14. Visit to stone crushing industry
15. Study the structure of mines area
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Bharucha Erach (2005). Text book of Environmental Studies. Universities press (India) Pvt.
Ltd. Hydearbad.
2. Deswal, S. & Deswal, A (2005). An introduction to Environmental Studies. Dhanpat rai & co.
Pvt Ltd. Delhi.
3. Joshi, P.C. & Joshi, Nimita (2005) A text book of Ecology & Environment. Himalaya Pub.
House Mumbai.
4. Rana, SVS (2007) Environmental Studies. Rastogi Pub. Meerut.
5. Sharma, P. D. (2006) Ecology & Environment. Rastogi Pub. Meerut.
41
NRM-122 Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management 2 (1+1)
Theory:
Introduction to soil fertility and productivity- factors affecting. Essential plant nutrient
elements- functions, deficiency symptoms, transformations and availability. Acid, calcareous and
salt affected soils –characteristics and management. Role of microorganisms in organic matter-
decomposition – humus formation. Importance of C:N ratio and pH in plant nutrition. Integrated
plant nutrient management. Soil fertility evaluation methods, critical limits of plant nutrient
elements and hunger signs. NPK fertilizers: composition and application methodology. Luxury
consumption, nutrient interactions, deficiency symptoms, visual diagnosis.
Practical:
Analysis of soil for organic matter, available N,P,K and Micronutrients and
interpretations. Gypsum requirement of alkali soils. Lime requirement of acid soils.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.No. Topic Tentative
date
1. Introduction to soil fertility and factors affecting it
2. Introduction to soil productivity and difference between soil fertility and
productivity
3. Essential plant nutrient elements-functions, deficiency symptoms,
4. Essential plant nutrient elements- transformations and availability
5. Acid soils- characteristics and management
6. Calcareous soils- characteristics and management
7. Salt affected soils- characteristics and management
8. Role of microorganisms in organic matter decomposition-
humus formation
9. Importance of C:N ratio and pH in plant nutrition
10. Integrated plant nutrient management concept
11. Soil fertility evaluation methods
12. Critical limits of plant nutrient elements and hunger signs
13. NPK fertilizers: composition and manufacturing processes
14. NPK fertilizers: application methodology
15. Luxury consumption, nutrient interactions, deficiency symptoms, visual diagnosis
Lecture Schedule: Practical
S.No. Topic Tentative
date
1. Determination of pH in soil and irrigation water
2. Determination of Electrical conductivity in soil and irrigation water
3. Determination of organic carbon content in soils
4. Determination of available phosphorus content
5. Determination of available K content in soils
6. Evaluation of gypsum requirement of saline and alkali soils
7. Evaluation of lime requirement of acid soils
8. Preparation of solutions for micronutrient analysis and extractions
9. Determination of available micronutrient content in extracts
42
10. Identification of common manures and their composition
11. Identification of common fertilizers and their composition
12. Visual diagnosis of nutrient deficiency in different horticulture crops
13. Calculation of amount of nutrient content in fertilizers
14. Calculation of fertilizer quantity for application
15. Application methodology of fertilizers in the fields
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Basak, Ranjan Kumar (2004) Fertilizers-A Text Book. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana-
141008
2. Chundawat, B.S.(1997) Nutrient Management in Fruit Crops. Agrotech Publishing
Academy, Udaipur
3. Havlin, J.L.; Beaton,J. D.; Tisdale, S. L.and Nelson, W. L. (2004) Soil Fertility and
fertilizers. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi-110001
4. Singh,S.S. (2004) Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana-
141008
5. Yawalkar, K. S.; Agarwal, J. P. and Bokde, S.(1996) Manures and Fertilizers. Agri-
Horticultural Publishing House, Nagpur-440010
43
B.Sc. (Horticulture) Honours, Part II
I Semester
FRS-211 Temperate Fruits 2(1+1)
Theory: Classification of temperate fruits, detailed study of areas, production, varieties, climate
and soil requirements, propagation, planting density, cropping systems, after care training and
pruning, self incompatibility and pollinisers, use of growth regulators, nutrient and weed
management, harvesting, post-harvest handling and storage of apple, pear, peach, apricot, cherry,
persimmon, strawberry, kiwi, Queens land nut (Mecademia nut), almond, walnut, pecan nut,
hazel nut and chest nut. Re- plant problem, rejuvenation and special production problems like
pre-mature leaf fall, physiological disorders, important insect – pests and diseases and their
control measures.
Practical:
Nursery management practices, description and identification of varieties of above crops,
manuring and fertilization, planting systems, preparation and use of growth regulators, training
and pruning in apple, pear, plum, peach and nut crops. Visit to private orchards to diagnose
maladies. Working out economics for apple, pear, plum and peach.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Theory Tentative
Date
1. Classification of temperate fruits
2. Detailed study including Varieties, Propagation, cultural practices,
Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Apple
3. Apple continues
4. Detailed study including Varieties, Propagation, cultural practices,
Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Pear
5. Pear continues
6. Detailed study including Varieties, Propagation, cultural practices,
Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Peach,
7. Peach continues
8. Detailed study including Varieties, Propagation, cultural practices,
Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Plum
9. Plum continues
10. Detailed study including Varieties, Propagation, cultural practices,
Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Apricot
11. Apricot continues
12. Detailed study including Varieties, Propagation, cultural practices,
Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Cherry
13. Cherry continues
14. Detailed study including Varieties, Propagation, cultural practices,
Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Persimmon
15. Persimmon continues
44
16. Detailed study including Varieties, Propagation, cultural practices,
Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Strawberry
17. Strawberry continues
18. Detailed study including Varieties, Propagation, cultural practices,
Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Kiwifruit
19. Kiwifruit continues
20. Detailed study including Varieties, Propagation, cultural practices,
Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Queensland nut
21. Queensland nut continues
22. Detailed study including Varieties, Propagation, cultural practices,
Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Walnut
23. Walnut continues
24. Detailed study including Varieties, Propagation, cultural practices,
Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Pecannut
25. Pecannut continues
26. Detailed study including Varieties, Propagation, cultural practices,
Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Hazelnut
27. Hazelnut continues
28. Detailed study including Varieties, Propagation, cultural practices,
Harvesting , Post Harvest Handling and Storage of Chestnut
29. Chestnut continues
30. Re- plant problem, rejuvenation
31. Special production problems like pre-mature leaf fall, physiological
disorders
32. Important insect – pests and diseases and their control measures.
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S. No. Exercise Tentativ
eDates
1. Nomenclature of temperate fruits
2. Nursery management practices
3. Description and identification of apple varieties
4. Description and identification of peach varieties
5. Description and identification of pear varieties
6. Description and identification of plum varieties
7. Description and identification of almond varieties
8. Planting systems
9. Training in apple, pear, peach and plum
10. Preparation and use of growth regulators
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Bose TK, Mitra SK & Rathore DS. (1988.) Temperate Fruits -Horticulture. Allied Publ.
2. Jackson, D.I. And Looney, N.E. (1999) Temperate and Subtropical fruit production,
CABI Kolkata.
45
3. Nakasone HY & Paul RE. (1998) Tropical Fruits. CABI.Publishing, UK.
4. Sadhu, M.K. and Chattopadhyay (2001) Introductory fruit crops, Naya Prokash,
FRS-212 Plant Propagation and Nursery Management 2(1+1)
Theory:
Propagation: Need and potentialities for plant multiplication, sexual and asexual methods
of propagation, advantages and disadvantages. Seed dormancy (scarification & stratification)
internal and external factors, nursery techniques, apomixes – mono-embrony, polyembrony,
chimera & bud sport. Propagation Structures: Mist chamber, greenhouses, glasshouses, cold
frames, hot beds, poly-houses, nursery tools and implements, use of growth regulators in seed
and vegetative propagation, methods and techniques of cutting, layering, grafting and budding
physiological basis of rooting, factors influencing rooting of cuttings and layering, graft
incompatibility. Anatomical studies of bud union, selection and maintenance of mother trees,
collection of scion wood stick, scion-stock relationship, and their influences, bud wood
certification, techniques of propagation through specialized organs, corm, runners, suckers.
Micropropagation, hardening of plants in nurseries. Nursery registration act.
Insect/pest/disease control in nursery.
Practical: Media for propagation of plants in nursery beds, pot and mist chamber. Preparation of
nursery beds and sowing of seeds. Raising of rootstock. Seed treatments for breaking dormancy
and inducing vigorous seedling growth. Preparation of plant material for potting. Hardening
plants in the nursery. Practise of different types of different types of cuttings, layering, graftings
and buddings. Use of mist chamber in propagation and hardening of plants. Preparation of plant
growth regulators for seed germination and vegetative propagation. Visit to a tissue culture
laboratory. Digging, labeling and packing of fruit plants. Maintenance of nursery records. Use of
different types of nursery tools and implements for general nursery and virus tested plant
material in the nursery. Cost of establishment of a mist chamber, greenhouse, glasshouse,
polyhouse and their maintenance. Top working, bridge grafting and nursery management.
Nutrients and plant protection applications in nursery.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Theory Tentative
Date
1. Propagation: Need and potentialities for plant multiplication
2. Sexual and asexual methods of propagation its Advantages and disadvantages
3. Seed dormancy its internal and external factors. Methods to overcome dormancy-
scarification & stratification
4. Apomixes, mono-embrony, polyembrony, chimera & bud sport
5. Nursery Raising techniques and graft incompatibility
6. Propagation Structures: Mist chamber, greenhouses, glasshouses, cold frames,
hot beds, poly-houses,
7. Nursery tools and implements, scion-stock relationship, and their influences.,
8. Use of growth regulators in seed and vegetative propagation
9. Methods and techniques of cutting and layering
46
10. Method and Technique of grafting and budding and bud wood certification
11. Anatomical studies of bud union
12. Physiological basis and factors influencing rooting in cuttings and layering
13. selection and maintenance of mother trees and collection of scion wood stick
14. Techniques of propagation through specialized organs, corm, runners, suckers.
15. Micropropagation, hardening of plants in nurseries
16. Nursery registration act
17. Insect/pest/disease control in nursery.
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S. No. Exercise Tentative
Dates
1. Use of different types of nursery tools and implements
2. Media for propagation of plants in nursery beds, pot and mist chamber and Use
of mist chamber in propagation and hardening of plants.
3. Preparation of nursery beds and sowing of seeds and raising of rootstock
4. Seed treatments for breaking dormancy and inducing vigorous seedling growth
5. Preparation of plant growth regulators for seed germination and vegetative
propagation
6. Practice of different types of cuttings and layering,
7. Practice of different types of grafting
8. Practice of different types budding.
9. Preparation of plant material for potting
10. Visit to a tissue culture laboratory and Maintenance of nursery records
11. Digging, labeling and packing of fruit plants
12. Hardening plants in the nursery
13. Cost of establishment of a mist chamber, greenhouse, glasshouse, polyhouse and
their maintenance
14. Top working and nursery management
15. Application of nutrients and plant protection chemicals in nursery.
16. Transplanting and after care of propagated plants
17. Numerical problems based on use of PGRs
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Bose, T.K, Mitra S.K. & Sadhu M.K. (1991) Propagation of Tropical and
Subtropical Horticultural Crops. Naya Prokash.
2. Hartmann, H.T. & Kester D.E. (1989) Plant Propagation – Principles and Practices.
Prentice Hall of India.
3. Peter K.V. (2008) Basics of Horticulture. New India Publ. Agency.
4. Radha, T. & Mathew, L. (2007). Fruit Crops. New India Publ. Agency.
5. Rajan S. & Baby L.M. (2007). Propagation of Horticultural Crops. New IndiaPubl.
Agency.
6. Singh, S.P. (1989) Mist Propagation. Metropolitan Book Co.
47
VEG-211 Temperate Vegetables 2(1+1)
Theory:
Importance and scope of temperate/cool season vegetables. Origin, climate and soil,
varieties/ hybrids, seed rate, production technologies, harvest and harvest indices, seed
production, post-harvest handling and marketing. Crops- cabbage, cauliflower, knol-khol,
sprouting broccoli, brussels’ sprout, lettuce, chinese cabbage, peas, broad bean, onion, garlic,
leek, radish, carrot, turnip, beet root, spinach, rhubarb, asparagus and globe artichoke.
Practical: Identification of seed, plant parts and varieties of cool season vegetables. Nursery raising
and management; preparation of field, sowing/transplanting. Identification of physiological and
nutritional disorders and their corrections. Harvest indices, post-harvest handling and cost of
cultivation. Field visits to commercial farms.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Theory Tentative
Date 1. Importance Of Cool Season Vegetable Crops 2. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Cabbage 3. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Cauliflower 4. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Knolkhol 5. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Sprouting
Broccoli
6. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Brussels
Sprout
7. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Lettuce 8. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Palak 9. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Chinese
Cabbage
10. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Spinach 11. Introduction I,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Garlic 12. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Onion 13. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Leek 14. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Radish 15. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Carrot 16. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Beet Root 17. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Turnip 18. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Peas 19. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Broad Beans 20. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Rhubarb 21. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Asparagus 22. Introduction ,Area,Production ,Export Potential And Cultivation Of Globe
Artichoke
48
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S. No. Exercise Tentative
Date
1. Identification of cool season vegetable crops
2. Preparation of nursery bed of cool season vegetable crops
3. Sowing of seeds in nursery beds of cool season vegetable crops
4. Transplanting of seedlings in main field
5. Preparation of land and lay out of of main field for planting of crops
6. Identification of physiological disorders of cole crops
7. Identification of physiological disorders of root crops
8. Calculation of cost of cultivation of cool season vegetable crops
9. Post harvest handling of cool season vegetable crops
10. Field visit to a commercial farms
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Bose TK & Som MG. (Eds.). 1986. Vegetable Crops in India. Naya Prokash.
2. Bose TK, Som G & Kabir J. (Eds.). 2002. Vegetable Crops. Naya Prokash.
3. Bose TK, Som MG & Kabir J. (Eds.). 1993. Vegetable Crops. Naya Prokash.
4. Bose TK, Kabir J, Maity TK, Parthasarathy VA & Som MG. 2003. Vegetable Crops.
Vols. I-III. Naya Udyog.
5. Chadha KL & Kalloo G. (Eds.). 1993-94. Advances in Horticulture Vols. V-X.
Malhotra Publ. House.
6. Chadha KL. (Ed.). 2002. Hand Book of Horticulture. ICAR.
7. Chauhan DVS. (Ed.). 1986. Vegetable Production in India. Ram Prasad & Sons. 31
8. Decoteau DR. 2000. Vegetable Crops. Prentice Hall. Edmond JB, Musser AM &
Andrews FS. 1951. Fundamentals of Horticulture. Blakiston Co.
9. Fageria MS, Choudhary BR & Dhaka RS. 2000. Vegetable Crops: Production
Technology. Vol. II. Kalyani.
10. Gopalakrishanan TR. 2007. Vegetable Crops. New India Publ. Agency.
11. Hazra P & Som MG. (Eds.). 1999. Technology for Vegetable Production and
Improvement. Naya Prokash.
12. Rana MK. 2008. Olericulture in India. Kalyani Publ.
13. Rana MK. 2008. Scientific Cultivation of Vegetables. Kalyani Publ.
14. Shanmugavelu KG. 1989. Production Technology of Vegetable Crops. Oxford &
IBH.
15. Singh DK. 2007. Modern Vegetable Varieties and Production Technology.
International Book Distributing Co.
16. Singh SP. (Ed.). 1989. Production Technology of Vegetable Crops. Agril. Comm.
Res. Centre.
17. Thamburaj S & Singh N. (Eds.). 2004. Vegetables, Tuber Crops and Spices. ICAR.
18. Thompson HC & Kelly WC. (Eds.). 1978. Vegetable Crops. Tata McGraw- Hill.
49
FLS-211 Commercial Floriculture 3(2+1)
Theory:
Scope and importance of commercial floriculture in India. Production techniques of
ornamental crops like rose, marigold, chrysanthemum, gladiolus, jasmines, tuberose, gaillardia,
gerbera, China aster, dahlia, carnation, bird of paradise and orchids for domestic and export
markets. Growing of flowers under protected environments such as glass house, plastic house,
etc. Post harvest Technology of cut-flowers in respect of commercial flower crops. Dehydration
techniques for drying of flowers. Production techniques for bulbs.
Practical: Identification of commercially important floricultural crops. Propagation practices in
rose, chrysanthemum, tuberose, gladiolus, dahlia and gerbera. Sowing of seeds and raising of
seedlings of annuals. Propagation by cutting, layering, budding and grafting. Training and
pruning of roses. Use of chemicals and other compounds for prolonging vase life of cut-flowers.
Drying and preservation of flowers. Flower arrangement practices.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Theory Tentative
Date 1. Importance and scope of commercial floriculture in India
2. Production techniques of ornamental flower crops for domestic and export
markets: rose- introduction, types and classification of roses
3. Rose- varieties, soil and climate, manuring and fertilization, planting, propagation
and cultural operations
4. Rose- disorders, diseases and pests, harvesting and post harvest handling
5. Production techniques of chrysanthemum- introduction, classification and types
6. Chrysanthemum- varieties, soil and climate, manuring and fertilization, planting,
propagation, cultural operations, diseases and pests, harvesting and post harvest
handling
7. Production techniques of marigold
8. Production techniques of carnation
9. Production techniques of gladiolus
10. Production techniques of jasmines- introduction, cultivated jasmine species and
varieties, their origin and climatic requirements
11. Jasmines- manuring and fertilization, planting, propagation, cultural operations,
diseases and pests, harvesting and post harvest handling
12. Production techniques of dahlia- introduction, types and classification
13. Dahlia- varieties, soil and climate, manuring and fertilization, planting,
propagation, cultural operations, diseases and pests, harvesting and post harvest
handling
14. Production techniques of tuberose
15. Production techniques of bird of paradise
16. Production techniques of China aster
17. Production techniques of gerbera
18. Production techniques of gaillardia
19. Production techniques of Orchids- introduction, types and classification
20. Orchids- growing media, important orchids in cultivation and their varieties
21. Orchids- feeding and fertilization, planting and propagation, cultural operations,
50
diseases and pests, harvesting and post harvest handling
22. Growing of flowers under protected environmental conditions: glasshouse,
polyhouse and shade-net house, types and classification of structures
23. Protected flower cultivation: growing media and environmental conditions for
important cut-flower crops
24. Protected flower cultivation: crop planting and important varieties, fertigation,
diseases and pest management, harvesting and grading of important cut-flowers-
rose, chrysanthemum, carnation, gladiolus, gerbera, anthurium, China aster and
orchids
25. Post-harvest technology of cut-flowers in respect of commercial flower crops:
rose, chrysanthemum and gladiolus
26. Post-harvest technology of cut-flowers: gerbera, dahlia and carnation
27. Post-harvest technology of cut-flowers: Orchids, china aster and anthurium
28. Dehydration techniques for flower drying- air drying and embedded drying
29. Dehydration techniques for flower drying- oven drying and microwave oven
drying of important flowers
30. Production techniques of bulbous flower crops
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S. No. Exercise Tentative
Date
1. Identification and brief description of commercial flower crops
2. Propagation of chrysanthemum by cuttings
3. Preparation of raised nursery beds, sowing of seeds and raising of seedlings of
rainy season annuals
4. Propagation of jasmine by layering
5. Propagation of rose by budding
6. Preparation of flat nursery beds, sowing of seeds and raising of seedlings of
winter season annuals
7. Propagation of gladiolus by corms
8. Propagation of gerbera by division
9. Propagation of tuberose by bulbs
10. Practice of training and pruning in rose
11. Preparation of holding solution with use of chemicals and other compounds for
prolonging vase life of cut flowers
12. Exercise on oven drying and preservation of flowers
13. Exercise on microwave oven drying of flowers
14. Practice in flower arrangement- Ikebana
15. Practice in flower arrangement- western arrangement
SUGGESTED READING
1. Bose,T.K.,;Maiti,R.G.;Dhua, R.S.and DAS,P.(1999) Naya Prokash, 206,Bidhan
Sarani,Calcutta-700014
2. Bose,T.K.;,Yadav,L.P.;Pal LP,Das,P and,Parthsarthy,V.A.(2002) Commercial
Flowers.Vol-1& II Noya Prokash, 2Kailash Bose Street,Kolkata-700006
3. Sheela,V.L.(2008) Flowers for Trade. New India Publishing Agency101,Vikas
SuryaPlaza,CU Block, Pitampura-New Delhi-110088
4. Singh,,A.P,;Prasad K.V.;Singh,K.P,;Swaroop,K and Raju,D.V.S(1999) Division of
Floriculture & Landscaping, IARI,Pusa New Delhi
51
PPR-211 Fundamentals of Plant Pathology 3 (2+1)
Theory:
Introduction to the science of phytopathology, its objectives, scope and historical
background. Classification of plant diseases, symptoms, signs, and related terminology. Parasitic
causes of plant diseases (fungi, bacteria, viruses, phytoplasma, protozoa, algae and flowering
parasitic plants), their characteristics and classification. Non-parasitic causes of plant diseases.
Infection process. Survival and dispersal of plant pathogens. Plant disease epidemiology,
forecasting and disease assessment. Principles and methods of plant disease management.
Integrated plant disease management.
Practical:
Familiarity with general plant pathological laboratory and field equipments. Study of
disease symptoms and signs and host parasite relationship. Identification and isolation of plant
pathogens. Koch's postulates. Preparation of fungicidal solutions, slurries, pastes and their
applications.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Theory Tentative
Date
1. Introduction to the Science of Phytopathology: Its Importance, Scope and Causes
of Plant Diseases
2. History of plant pathology (early developments and role of fungi in plant
diseases)
3. History of plant pathology (role of other plant pathogens)
4. General concepts and classification of plant diseases
5. Symptoms and signs of plant diseases
6. General characteristics of fungi and fungal-like organisms causing plant diseases
7. Reproduction in fungi and fungal like organisms causing plant diseases
8. Classification of fungal plant pathogens
9. General characteristics and reproduction of bacterial plant pathogens
10. Classification of bacterial plant pathogens
11. General characteristics and classification of viral plant pathogens
12. Algae and flagellate protozoa causing plant diseases
13. Flowering parasitic plants
14. Non-parasitic causes of plant diseases
15. Infection process
16. Role of enzymes and toxins in plant disease development
17. Host parasite interaction
18. Variability in plant pathogens
19. Disease resistance and defense mechanisms in plants
20. Dissemination of plant pathogens
21. Survival of plant pathogens
22. Effect of environmental factors on disease development
23. Plant disease epidemiology
24. Plant disease forecasting
25. Measurement of plant diseases and yield loss
52
26. Principles of plant disease management
27. Physical and legislative methods of plant disease management
28. Cultural methods of plant disease management
29. Biological methods of plant disease management
30. Chemical control of plant diseases
31. Use of resistant varieties in plant disease management
32. Integrated plant disease management
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S. No. Exercise Tentative
Dates
1. General plant pathological laboratory equipments
2. Plant pathological field equipments
3. Diseases caused by plasmodiophoromycota, chytridiomycota and oomycota
4. Diseases caused by oomycota and zygomycota
5. Diseases caused by ascomycota - powdery mildews
6. Diseases caused by ascomycota - wilts and root rots
7. Diseases caused by ascomycota –stem, leaf and fruit diseases
8. Post harvest diseases of fruits and vegetables
9. Diseases caused by basidiomycota- rusts
10. Diseases caused by basidiomycota-smuts
11. Bacterial plant diseases
12. Viral diseases of horticultural plants
13. Parasitic algae and flowering plants
14. Culture media and sterilization
15. Isolation of fungal and bacterial plant pathogens
16. Fungicidal solutions, slurries and pastes, and their applications
SUGGESTED READING
1. Agrios, G.N. 2005. Plant Pathology (5th Edition). Elsevier, Academic Press, New York.pp 922.
2. Alexopoulos, C.J., C.W. Mims and M. Blackwell. 1996. Introductory Mycology (4th Edition).
John Wiley and Sons, London, 869 p.
3. Alice, D., Jeyalaksmi, C. and Sethuraman, K (2007). Hand book on introductory Plant Pathology.
A.E. Publication Coimbatore PP 178
4. Dube, H.C. 2009. Modern Plant Pathology. Student Edition, Jodhpur. 612. P
5. H.C. Dube (2005) An Introduction to fungi. Vikas Publishing House, PP572
6. Mehrotra, R.S. and A. Agarwal. Plant Pathology (2nd Edition ) . Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Company Limited, New Delhi. 846 p.
7. Mishra, A. Bohra and A. Mishra (2005). Plant Pathology: Disease and Management.
AGROBIOS India pp 766
8. Rangaswamy, G. and A. Mahadevan. 2008. Diseases of Crop Plants in India (4th Edition). PHI
Learning Private Limited, New Delhi. 536 p.
9. Singh R.P. (2012) Plant Pathology Kalyani Publisher, New Delhi PP724
10. Singh, R.S. 1984. Introduction to the Principles of Plant Pathology.Oxford and IBH Pvt. Ltd.
New Delhi. 534 p.
11. Singh, R.S. 2009. Plant Diseases (9th Edition).Oxford and IBH Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. 700 p.
53
12. Tripathi D.P. (2009) Crop Diseases.Kalyani Publisher, New Delhi PP480
13. Vidhyasekaran, P. (2007).Concise Encyclopedia of Plant Pathology, VIVA Books, New Delhi.
14. Vishunavat, K and Kolte, S.J.( 2005) Essentials of Phytopathological Techniques. Kalyani
Publisher, New Delhi pp 217.
PPR-212 Fundamentals of Entomology 3 (2+1)
Theory:
Introduction to phylum arthropoda. Importance of class Insecta. Insect dominance.
Definition, division and scope of entomology. Comparative account of external morphonology-
types of mouth parts, antennae, legs, wings and genetallia. Anatomy of digestive, excretory,
nervous and reproductive systems. Postembryonic development-eclosion. Matamorphosis.
Types of larvae and pupa. Classification of insects upto orders and families of economic
importance and their distinguished characters.
Practical:
Insect collection and preservation. Identification of important insects. General body
organization of insects. Study on morphology of grasshopper. Preparation of permanent mounts
of mouth parts, antennae, legs and wings. Dissection of grasshopper and caterpillar for study of
internal morphology. Observations on metamorphosis of larvae and pupae.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Theory Tentative
Date
1. Definition of entomology and importance of insects.
2. Introduction to PhylumArthropoda, Class Insecta and their characteristics.
3. Insect dominance with characteristics in detail
4. Taxonomy, principles and procedures. Nomenclature and identification
5. Classification of class insecta into different orders
6. Identification of Agricultural/Horticultural important insect orders with their
important characters
7. Study of insect orders: Protura, Collembola, Diplura, Microcoryphia
8. Study of insect order: Thysanura, and it’s important families
9. Study of insect order: Orthoptera and it’s important families
10. Study of insect order: Lepidoptera and it’s important families
11. Study of insect order: Coleoptera and it’s important families
12. Study of insect order: Isoptera and it’s important families
13. Study of insect order: Diptera and it’s important families
14. Study of insect order: Hymenoptera and it’s important families
15. Study of insect order: Hemiptera and it’s important families
16. Study of insect orders: Odonata, Dictioptera and Neuroptera
17. Comparative account of insect external morphology and structure of boby wall
in detail
18. Structure of Insect head and it’ orientation
19. Study of different parts of insect antenna and it’s modifications
54
20. Study of insect mouth part and types of mouth parts
21. Insect thorax: segmentation of thorax.
22. Insect leg structure and its modifications
23. Insect wing: structure and its modifications
24. Insect abdomen: structure and its modifications
25. Male and female genetalia
26. Anatomy: Digestive system
27. Anatomy: Excretory system
28. Anatomy: Respiratory system
29. Anatomy: Nervous system & Sense organs
30. Anatomy: Reproductive system
31. Post embryonic development and it’s types
32. Metamorphosis and types of larvae
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S. No. Exercise Tentative
Date
1. Method of collection, Preservation, Pinning, Setting and Labeling of insect-
pests
2. External features of Grasshopper / Beetle
3. Identification of insect orders of Agricultural/Horticultural importance
4. Identification of beneficial insect orders: Neuroptera, Odonata and Dictyoptera
5. Study of Exoskeleton
6. Generalized structure of Insect head and it’s orientation
7. Study of mount of mouth parts and their modification
8. Preparation of permanent mount of mouth parts
9. Preparation of permanent mount of types of antenna
10. Study of appendages of thorax: Wings
11. Study of appendages of thorax: legs and their permanent mount
12. Study abdominal appendages: male and female genetalia
13. Study of Digestive system of grasshopper
14. Study of Nervous system of grasshopper
15. Study of Excretory system
SUGGESTED READING
1. Atwal, A.S. and G.S. Dhaliwal (2010): Agriculture Pests of South East Asia and Their
Management, Kalyani Publisher Ludhiana pp616
2. Awasthi, V.B. (2011) Agricultural insect and pest and their control. Scientific Publisher
Jodhpur pp267
3. Chapman, R.F. 2006Tthe Insect Structure and Function fourth edition Cambridge
University Ptress UK pp770
4. David, B.V.andAnanthakrishnan, T.N. (2006) General and Applied Entomology, Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi.pp1184
5. Kachhwaha, N. (2011) Principle of Entomology Basic and Applied AGROBIOS, Jodhpur
pp561
55
6. Mathur, Y.K. and K.D. Upadhyay (2005): A Text Book of Entomology (Fifth
Edition):Aman Publishing house, Meerut pp388
7. Rajagopal, D and Chakravarthy, A.K. (2012) Insects.Avishkar, Publishers, Distributors
Jaipur pp 100
8. Selvanarayanan, V. and Arivudainambi, S., (2005) Introductory
Entomology,Manivasagarpathippagam Chennai pp 262.
9. Tembhare, B.D.(2002): Modern entomology, Himalaya Publishing House,Mumbaipp623
10. Wilson, G.F.(2010) Horticultural pest Detection and their control , Biotech Book Delhi
pp 240.
FPU-213 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 3 (2+1)
Theory:
History, scope, opportunities and constraints in the cultivation and utilisation of
medicinal and aromatic plants in India. Importance, origin, distribution, Therapeutic and
pharmaceutical uses, Cultivation area, production, climatic and soil requirements, propagation
and nursery techniques, planting and aftercare, training and pruning, nutritional and water
requirements. Plant protection, harvesting, processing and economics of under mentioned
important medicinal and aromatic plants. Medicinal Plants : Pepper, Cardamom, Clove, Ginger,
Turmeric, Betelvine, Periwinkle, Rauvolfia, Dioscorea, Isabgol, Ammi majus, Belladona,
Cinchona, Pyrethrum and other species relevant to local conditions. Aromatic Plants : Citronella
grass, Khus grass, Sweet flag, Lavender, Geranium, Patchouli, Bursera, Mentha, Muskdana,
Ocimum, Stevia, Safed Musali, Eucalyptus citridora and other species relevant to the local
conditions.
Study of chemical composition of a few important medicinal and aromatic plants, their extraction
and use. Therapeutic and pharmaceutical uses of important species. Endangered medicinal and
aromatic plants of India and their conservation
Practical:
Morphological description and identification of various medicinal plants. Collection of
medicinal plants and plant parts from natural habitats. Survey and study of nursery techniques of
medicinal plants. Harvesting, drying, grading, storage and processing techniques and extraction
of essential oil. Visit to a nearby medicinal and aromatic plantation area /nursery / herbal
garden/MAP repository/ayurvedic pharmacies /pharmaceutical industries.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Theory Tentative
Date
1. History, scope, opportunities and constraints in the cultivation and utilization of
medicinal and aromatic plants in India.
2. History, scope, opportunities and constraints in the cultivation and utilization of
medicinal and aromatic plants in India continue
3. Opportunities and constraints in the cultivation and utilization of medicinal and
aromatic plants in India.
4. Importance, origin, distribution, therapeutic and pharmaceutical uses.
5. Cultivation area, production, climatic and soil requirements. propagation and
nursery techniques, planting and aftercare, training and pruning, nutritional and
56
water requirement Plant protection, harvesting, processing and economics of
Pepper
6. -do- Cardamom
7. -do- Clove
8. -do- Ginger & Turmeric
9. -do- Betelvine
10. -do- Periwinkle
11. -do-. Rauvolfia
12. -do-. Dioscorea
13. -do- Isabgol
14. -do- Ammi majus
15. -do- Belladona & Cinchona
16. -do Pyrethrum and other local species
17. -do- Rauvolfia,
18. -do- Isabgol
19. -do- Dioscorea
20. -do- Ammi majus, belladonna
21. -do- Citronella grass,
22. -do- khus grass
23. -do- Sweet flag (bach),
24. -do- lavender, geranium
25. -do- Patchouli, Bursera,
26. Mentha
27. muskdana (musk mallow),
28. Ocimum and other species relevant to the local conditions
29. Study of chemical composition of a few important medicinal and aromatic plants
their.
30. Extraction and use of medicinal & aromatic plants
31. Endangered medicinal and aromatic plants of India and their conservation.
32. Therapeutic and pharmaceutical uses of important species.
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S. No. Exercise Tentative
Date
1. Morphological description and identification of various medicinal plants
2. Collection of medicinal plants and plant parts from natural habitats
3. Collection of medicinal plants and plant parts from natural habitats continue
4. Survey and study of nursery techniques including training and pruning of
medicinal plants.
5. Harvesting, drying, grading, storage and processing techniques
6. Harvesting, drying, grading, storage and processing techniques continue
7. Study of plant parts used in drug making.
8. Layout and preparation of nursery beds and raising of medicinal plants in the
beds.
9. Layout and preparation of nursery beds and raising of medicinal plants in the
beds continue
10. Layout and preparation of nursery beds and raising of medicinal plants in the
57
beds continue
11. Layout and preparation of nursery beds and raising of medicinal plants in the
beds continue
12. Layout and preparation of nursery beds and raising of medicinal plants in the
beds continue
13. Visit to a nearby medicinal and aromatic plantation area /nursery /ayurvedic
pharmacies /pharmaceutical industries
14. Visit to a nearby medicinal and aromatic nursery
15. Visit to a nearby ayurvedic pharmacies
16. Visit to a nearby pharmaceutical industries
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Anon. (1986). The useful plants of India, CSIR, New Delhi
2. Anon. (1998). Wealth of India, Raw material, Vol. I-IX, CSIR, New Delhi
3. Anon. (2000). Report of the task force on conservation and sustainable use of medicinal
plants. Planning Commission (GOI), New Delhi
4. Atal, C.K. and Kapoor, B.M. 91989) .Cultivation and Utilisation of Medicinal plants.
RRL, Jammu
5. Bhattacherjee, S.K. (2001). Handbook of Medicinal Plants. Pointer Pub. Jaipur
6. Chopra , R.N., Nayyar, S.L., Chopra, I.C.(1954). Glossary of Indian medicinal
Plants,CSIR, N.Delhi
7. Farooqui, A.A., and Sreeramu, B.S. (2001). Cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic
Crops. University Press, Banglore.
8. Hussain, A (1992). Dictionary of medicnal Plants. CIMAP, LKO
9. Jain, S.K. (1968). Medicinal Plants, National book Trust, New Delhi
10. Jaryal, G.S. (1998). Suitable Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for Commercial Cultivation.
Udhamita Vikas Kendra, Bhopal
11. Karki. M.(1998). A Review of Medicinal Plants sector in India. IDRC, Cananda
12. Kaushik, P. and A.K. Dhawan (2000). Medicinal Plants and Raw drugs of India.,
Dehradun
13. Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu, B.D. (1975). Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol. I- IV, Bishan Singh
& Mahendra pal Singh, Dehradun
14. Krishna, S and Badhwar, R.L. (1952). Aromatic plants of India. Part XV CSIR, New
Delhi
15. Kumar, N. Kadir, A and Rangaswamy. (1998). Introduction to Spices, Plantation crops
and Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Oxford Press New Delhi
16. Maheswari, p. and Sigh, U. (1981). Dictionary of economic plants of India. ICAR, New
Delhi
17. Manmohan, J.R. (2007). Manual of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. CH & F, Jhalawar
18. Prajapati, N.D., Purohit, S.S.,Sharma, A.K. and Kumar.T (2003). Handbook Medicinal
Plants. Agrobios, Jodhpur
19. Sharma, R. (2003). Medicinal Plants of India- An Encyclopedia. Daya Pub. House,
N.Delhi
20. Sharma, Ravindra (2004). Agrotechniques of medicinal plants. Daya pub. House. N. Dehi
58
NRM-211 Organic Farming 2(1+1)
Theory:
Introduction, concept, relevance in present context; Organic production requirements;
Biological intensive nutrient management-organic manures (FYM and composting),
vermicomposting, green manuring, recycling of organic residues, biofertilizers; Soil
improvement and amendments; Integrated diseases and pest management– use of biocontrol
agents, biopesticides, pheromones, trap crops, bird perches; Weed management; Quality
considerations, certification, labeling and accreditation processors, marketing, exports.
Practical: Raising of vegetable crops organically through nutrient, diseases and pest management;
vermicomposting; nursery raising for vegetables, ornamental and forest trees; post harvest
management-macro quality analysis of fruits & vegetables, grading, waxing and packaging.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.
No.
Theory Tentative
Date
1. Introduction, Definitions, Concept, Principles & scope of
organic farming
2. Ill effect of green revolution, advantages & disadvantages of OF
3. Relevance of organic farming in present context
4. Organic production requirements-for nutrient management
5. Biological intensive nutrient management-organic manures (FYM)
6. Vermicomposting, vermiwash
7. Green manuring, Recycling of organic residues, Soil improvement through
amendments
8. Biofertilizers
9. Composting –methods, its advantages & disadvantages
10. Integrated diseases and pest management
11. Use of biocontrol agents-Biopesticides pheromones, Trap crops, bird
perches
12. Weed management
13. Quality considerations, certification,
14. Labeling and accreditation procedures
15. Marketing & exports of organic products
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S.
No.
Theory Tentative
Date
1. Raising of vegetable crops organically through nutrient, diseases and pest
management
2. Continue
3. Continue
4. Continue
5. Continue
59
6. Continue
7. Continue
8. Vermicomposting
9. Vermiwash Preparation
10. Use of Vermiwash in nursery and fruit orchards
11. Vegetable and ornamental nursery raising
12. Continue
13. Continue
14. Macro quality analysis, grading, packaging, post harvest management
15. Estimation of organic matter content in soil sample
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Joshi Mukund and Prabhakarasetty T. K. (2005) Sustainability through organic Farming.
Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana-141008
2. Palaniappan, S. P. and Annadurai K. (2003) Organic Farming-Theory & Practice.
Scientific Publishers (India) Jodhpur-342001
3. Purohit, S. S. and Gehlot Dushyant (2006) Trends in Organic Farming. Agrobios (India),
Jodhpur-342003
4. Singh A. K. (2007) Conversion to Organic Agriculture. International Book Distributing
Co., Lucknow-226001 U.P. India.
5. Tarafdar, J. C.; Tripathi, K. P. and Kumar Mahesh (2008) Organic Agriculture. Scientific
Publishers (India) Jodhpur-342001
60
B.Sc. (Horticulture) Honours, Part II
II Semester
FRS-221 Plantation Crops 3(2+1)
Theory:
History and development, scope and importance, area and production, export and import
potential, role in national and state economy, uses, industrial importance, by products utilization,
soil and climate, varieties, propagation: principles and practices of seed, vegetative and micro-
propagation, planting systems and method, gap filling, systems of cultivation, mulching, shade
regulation, weed and water management, training, pruning and handling, nutrition, foliar feeding,
role of growth regulators, soil management, liming practices, tipping practices, top working,
physiological disorders, harvesting, post-harvest handling and processing, packaging and
marketing, yield and economics of coconut, arecanut, oil palm, palmyrah palm, cacao, cashew
nut, coffee, tea and rubber.
Practical: Description and identification of coconut varieties, selection of coconut and arecanut
mother palm and seed nut, planting of seed nuts in nursery, layout and planting of coconut,
arecanut, oil palm, cashew nut, cacao gardens, manuring, irrigation; mulching, raising masonry
nursery for palm, nursery management in cacao. Description and identification of species and
varieties in coffee, harvesting, grading, pulping, fermenting, washing, drying and packing of
coffee, seed berry collection, seed extraction, treatment and sowing of coffee, epicotyl, softwood,
grafting and top working in cashew, working out the economics and project preparation for
coconut, arecanut, oil palm, cashew nut, cacao, etc. Mother plant selection, preparation of
cuttings and rooting of tea under specialized structure, training, centering, pruning, tipping and
harvesting of tea., tour to southern part of the country.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
History and development, scope and importance, area and production, export and import
potential, role in national and state economy, uses, industrial importance, by products
utilization, soil and climate, varieties, propagation: principles and practices of seed, vegetative
and micro-propagation, planting systems and method, gap filling, systems of cultivation,
mulching, shade regulation, weed and water management, training, pruning and handling,
nutrition, foliar feeding, role of growth regulators, soil management, liming practices, tipping
practices, top working, physiological disorders, harvesting, post-harvest handling and
processing, packaging and marketing, yield and economics of following crops :
1. Coconut
2. Coconut
3. Coconut
4. Coconut
5. Arecanut
6. Arecanut
7. Arecanut
61
8. Arecanut
9. Oil palm
10. Oil palm
11. Oil palm
12. Palmyrah palm
13. Palmyrah palm
14. Palmyrah palm
15. Cacao
16. Cacao
17. Cacao
18. Cashew nut
19. Cashew nut
20. Cashew nut
21. Cashew nut
22. Coffee
23. Coffee
24. Coffee
25. Coffee
26. Tea
27. Tea
28. Tea
29. Tea
30. Rubber
31. Rubber
32. Rubber
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Description and identification of coconut varieties
2. Selection of coconut and arecanut mother palm and seed nut, planting of seed
nuts in nursery
3. Layout and planting of coconut, arecanut, oil palm, cashew nut and cacao
gardens
4. Manuring, irrigation, mulching and raising Masonry nursery for palm
5. Nursery management in cacao
6. Description and identification of species and varieties in coffee
7. Harvesting, grading, pulping, fermentation, washing, drying and packing of
coffee
8. Seed berry collection, seed extraction, treatment and sowing of coffee
9. Epicotyl and softwood grafting in cashew
10. Top working in cashew
11. Working out the economics for coconut, arecanut, oil palm, cashew nut and
cacao
12. Project preparation for coconut, arecanut,
13. Project preparation for oil palm, cashew nut, cacao, etc
62
14. Mother plant selection, preparation of cuttings and rooting of tea under
specialized structure
15. Training, centering, pruning, and tipping in tea
16. Harvesting of tea.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Bose, T.K., Sadhu, M.K. Farooqi, and Sadhu, M.K. (1999) Tropical Horticulture, Vol., 2,
2. Chadha, K.L.(2006 ) Handbook of Horticulture, ICAR, New Delhi.
3. Dashora, L.K., Dashora, A. and Lakhawat, S.S. (2005) Production Technology of
Plantation crops, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic plant. Agrotech Publishing Academy,
Udaipur, Rajasthan.
4. Sen, N.L. and Dashora, L.K.(2003) Ropan phaslein, masale, aushadhiya evam sugandhit
paudhe (2003), Alka pubications, Ajmer.
5. Shanmugavelu, K.G. and Kumar,N. and peter, K.V. (2005) Production technology of
spices and plantation crops, Agro-bios, Jodhpur.
6. Singh, Jitendra (2008) Spices and plantation crops, Aavishkar publishers, Jaipur.
FRS-222 Orchard Management 2(1+1)
Theory:
Importance, objectives, merits and demerits of orchard management. Aspects and
problems in orchard management. Clean cultivation, sod culture and inorganic and organic
mulches. Tropical, sub-tropical and temperate horticultural systems, competitive and
complimentary effect of root and shoot systems. Biological efficiency of cropping systems in
horticulture, soil management in relation to nutrient and water uptake and their effect on soil
environment, moisture, organisms and soil properties. Integrated nutrient and pest management.
Utilization of resources constraints in existing systems. Crop model and crop regulation in
relation to cropping systems. Physiological disorders of important fruit crops and their remedial
measures.
Practical: Acquaintance with wind break and shelter belts. Layout of different systems of orchard
soil management, clean, inter, cover and mixed cropping, fillers. Use of mulch materials,
organic and inorganic, moisture conservation, weed control. Diagnosis of nutrient deficiencies
and physiological disorders of important fruit crops. Soil and foliar application of nutrients and
growth regulators.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Importance, objectives, merits and demerits of orchard management
2. Aspects and problems in orchard management.
3. Clean cultivation and sod culture and its merits and demerits
4. Mulching- inorganic and organic
5. Tropical, sub-tropical and temperate horticultural systems
6. Competitive and complimentary effect of root and shoot systems.
63
7. Biological efficiency of cropping systems in horticulture
8. soil management in relation to nutrient and water uptake
9. Effect of soil management on soil environment, moisture, organisms and soil
properties
10. Integrated nutrient management
11. Integrated Pest and Disease management.
12. Utilization of resources constraints in existing systems
13. Crop model in cropping systems
14. Crop regulation in relation to cropping systems
15. Physiological disorders of important fruit crops and their remedial measures.
16. Integrated weed management
17. Methods of Training and Pruning
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Identification of plants suitable for wind break and shelter belts
2. Layout of Clean cultivation in orchard soil management
3. Layout of inter cropping
4. Cover, fillers and mixed cropping,
5. Use of organic mulch materials
6. Use of Polythene mulch materials
7. Methods of weed control in fruit orchard
8. Diagnosis of nutrient deficiencies
9. Diagnosis of diseased specimen in fruit plant
10. Diagnosis of physiological disorders of important fruit crops
11. Diagnosis of physiological disorders of important fruit crops
12. Soil application of nutrients
13. Application of growth regulators
14. Foliar application of nutrients
15. Techniques of moisture conservation
16. Techniques of moisture conservation
17. Identification of plants suitable for wind break and shelter belts
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Barooah, S. (1998) Modern Fruit culture, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
2. Chundawat, B.S. and Sen. N.L. (2002) Principles of fruit cultivation, ATPA, Udaipur.
3. Malik, Mohmood N. (2000) Horticulture, Biotech Books, Delhi.
4. Sadhu, M.K. and Chattopadhyay (2001). Introductory fruit crops, Naya Prokash, Kolkata.
5. Sharma, R. R. (2006) Fruit production, problems and solutions, IBDC, Lucnow
64
VEG-221 Spices and Condiments 2(1+1)
Theory:
History, scope, importance and classification of spices and condiments. Soil and climate,
propagation - seed, vegetative and micro-propagation, methods of planting, cropping pattern,
nutritional management, irrigation practices, weed control, mulching, cover crops, training and
pruning practices, role of growth regulators, harvesting, post-harvest technology, packaging,
storage, value addition. Methods of extraction of essential oils and oleoresins. Economics of
cultivation. Crops- coriander, fenugreek, fennel, cumin, dill, celery, bishops weed, ginger,
turmeric, cardamom, pepper, clove, nutmeg, cinnamon, all spice, curry leaf, saffron, vanilla,
thyme and rosemary. Significance of Spice Board and Pepper Board, Institutions and research
centers in R&D.
Practical: Identification of seed, plant parts and varieties; propagation; seed treatment; sowing;
layout, planting; hoeing and earthing-up; manuring and use of weedicides, training and pruning;
maturity standards, harvesting, curing, processing, grading and extraction of essential oils and
oleoresins. Field visits.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. History (pre &post independence history )and scope of spices in india
2. Importance,area,production,uses ,export and role of spices in national economy
3. Definition and classification of spices
4. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigationpgr’sshade
regulation in cardamom
5. Harvesting,pht,storage,value adde products and economics ofcultivation of
cardamom
6. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigation training &pruning
,shade regulation in pepper
7. Harvesting,pht,storage,value added product,oil,oleoresin extractionmethods of
and economics ofcultivation of pepper
8. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigationmulching ,shade
regulation in ginger
9. Harvesting,pht,storage,value added product,oil,oleoresin extraction methods and
economics ofcultivation of ginger
10. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigationmulching ,shade
regulation in turmeric
11. Harvesting,pht,storage,value added product, and economics ofcultivation of
turmeric
12. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigation harvesting and pht
of clove
13. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigation harvesting and pht
of nutmeg
14. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigation harvesting and pht
of cinnamon
15. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigation harvesting and pht
of allspice
65
16. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigation harvesting and pht
of curry leaves
17. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigation harvesting and pht
of coriander
18. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigation harvesting and pht
of fenugreek
19. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigation harvesting and pht
of fennel
20. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigation harvesting and pht
of cumin
21. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigation harvesting and pht
of dill
22. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigation harvesting and pht
of celery
23. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigation harvesting and pht
ofbishops weed
24. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigation harvesting and pht
of saffron
25. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigation management
mulching of vanilla
26. h arvesting and post harvest management of vanilla
27. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigation harvesting and pht
ofthyme
28. Climate,soil,propagation,varieties,nutritional,weed,irrigation harvesting and pht
of rosemaryl
29. Role of spice board and its function
30. Role of cardamom board and its function
31. Role of pepper export promotions council and its function
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Identification of different spice crops
2. Study of different propagation methods of spice crops
3. Prepare fungicidal solution for seed treatment of ginger
4. Field lay out of ginger
5. Use ofand preparation of herbicides in spice crops
6. Weeding and hoeing in various spice crops
7. Manuring and calculation of fertilsers in spice crops
8. Study maturity standrds and harvestig of spice crops
9. Practice of earthing up of ginger and turmeric
10. Study different processing of spice crops
11. Study different methods of extraction of essential oils and oleoresins
12. Study grading of spice crops
66
SUGGESTED READINGS: 1. Agarwal S, Sastry EVD & Sharma RK. 2001. Seed Spices: Production,Quality,
Export. Pointer Publ.
2. Arya PS. 2003. Spice Crops of India. Kalyani.
3. Bose TK, Mitra SK, Farooqi SK & Sadhu MK (Eds.). 1999. Tropical Horticulture.
Vol.I. Naya Prokash.
4. Chadha KL & Rethinam P. (Eds.). 1993. Advances in Horticulture. Vols. IX-X.
Plantation Crops and Spices. Malhotra Publ. House.
5. Gupta S. (Ed.). Hand Book of Spices and Packaging with Formulae. Engineers India
Research Institute, New Delhi.
6. Kumar NA, Khader P, Rangaswami & Irulappan I. 2000. Introduction to Spices,
Plantation Crops, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Oxford & IBH.
7. Nybe EV, Miniraj N & Peter KV. 2007. Spices. New India Publ. Agency.
8. Parthasarthy VA, Kandiannan V & Srinivasan V. 2008. Organic Spices. New India
Publ. Agency.
9. Peter KV. 2001. Hand Book of Herbs and Spices. Vols. I-III. Woodhead Publ. Co.
UK and CRC USA
10. Pruthi JS. (Ed.). 1998. Spices and Condiments. National Book Trust
11. Pruthi JS. 2001. Minor Spices and Condiments- Crop Management and Post Harvest
Technology. ICAR.
12. Purseglove JW, Brown EG, Green CL & Robbins SRJ. (Eds.). 1981. Spices. Vols. I,
II. Longman.
13. Shanmugavelu KG, Kumar N & Peter KV. 2002. Production Technology of Spices
and Plantation Crops. Agrobios.
14. Tiwari RS & Agarwal A. 2004. Production Technology of Spices. International Book
Distr. Co.
15. Varmudy V. 2001. Marketing of Spices. Daya Publ. House.
VEG-222 Potato and Tuber Crops 3(2+1)
Theory:
Origin, area, production, economic importance and export potential of potato and
tropical, sub-tropical and temperate tuber crops; Description of varieties and hybrids, climate and
soil requirement, sowing/planting season; seed rate; preparation of field; planting practices;
spacing; water, nutrient and weed management; nutrient deficiencies, use of chemicals and
growth regulators; cropping systems, harvesting, yield; post-harvest handling and storage,
marketing. Seed production, field and seed standards, Economics of cultivation, Crops – potato,
sweet potato, colocasia, Dioscorea, elephants’ foot yam, tapioca, arrow root, xanthosoma,
Jerusalem artichoke, horse radish and other under exploited tuber crops.
67
Practical: Identification and description of potato and tropical, sub-tropical and temperate tuber
crops; planting systems and practices; field preparation and sowing/planting. Top dressing of
fertilizers and intercultural operations. Use of herbicides and growth regulators. Identification of
nutrient deficiencies, physiological disorders; harvest indices and maturity standards, post-
harvest handling and storage, marketing and cost of cultivation,
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Origin, area, production, economic importance and export potential, varieties and
hybrids, climate and soil requirement, sowing/planting season; seed rate;
preparation of field; planting practices; spacing; water, nutrient and weed
management; nutrient deficiencies, use of chemicals and growth regulators;
cropping systems, harvesting, yield of potato
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. -do- of Sweet potato
7.
8. -do- of Colocasia
9.
10.
11. -do- of Dioscorea
12.
13.
14. -do- of Elephant’s foot yam
15.
16. -do- of Tapioca
17.
18. -do- of Arrow root
19. -do- of Xanthosoma
20. -do- of Jerusalem artichoke
21. -do- of Horse radish
22. -do- of Other under exploited tuber crops
23.
24. Post-harvest handling and storage, marketing of potato and tropical, sub-tropical
and temperate tuber crops
25.
26. Seed production, field and seed standards
27.
28.
29. Economics of cultivation
30.
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S. No. Topic Tentative
Dates
1. Identification and description of potatoand tropical, sub-tropical and temperate
tuber crops
2.
3. Planting systems and practices; field preparation and sowing/planting of potato
68
4. and tropical, sub-tropical and temperate tuber crops
5.
6. Top dressing of fertilizers and intercultural operations
7. Use of herbicides
8. Use of growth regulators
9.
10. Identification of nutrient deficiencies, physiological disorders
11.
12. Harvest indices and maturity standards
13. Post-harvest handling and storage, marketing
14. Cost of cultivation
15.
SUGGESTED READINGS: 1. Chadha KL & Rethinam P. (Eds.). 1993. Advances in Horticulture. Vols. VI. Potato
and Tuber Crops. Malhotra Publ. House.
2. Decoteau DR. 2000. Vegetable Crops. Prentice Hall. Edmond JB, Musser AM &
Andrews FS. 1951. Fundamentals of Horticulture. Blakiston Co.
3. Fageria MS, Choudhary BR & Dhaka RS. 2000. Vegetable Crops: Production
Technology. Vol. II. Kalyani.
4. Gopalakrishanan TR. 2007. Vegetable Crops. New India Publ. Agency.
5. Hazra P & Som MG. (Eds.). 1999. Technology for Vegetable Production and
Improvement. Naya Prokash.
6. Rana MK. 2008. Olericulture in India. Kalyani Publ.
7. Rana MK. 2008. Scientific Cultivation of Vegetables. Kalyani Publ.
8. Rubatzky VE & Yamaguchi M. (Eds.). 1997. World Vegetables: Principles,
Production and Nutritive Values. Chapman & Hall.
9. Saini GS. 2001. A Text Book of Oleri and Flori Culture. Aman Publ. House.
10. Salunkhe DK & Kadam SS. (Ed.). 1998. Hand Book of Vegetable Science and
Technology: Production, Composition, Storage and Processing. Marcel Dekker.
11. Shanmugavelu KG. 1989. Production Technology of Vegetable Crops. Oxford &
IBH.
12. Singh DK. 2007. Modern Vegetable Varieties and Production Technology.
International Book Distributing Co.
13. Singh SP. (Ed.). 1989. Production Technology of Vegetable Crops. Agril. Comm.
Res. Centre.
14. Thamburaj S & Singh N. (Eds.). 2004. Vegetables, Tuber Crops and Spices. ICAR.
15. Thompson HC & Kelly WC. (Eds.). 1978. Vegetable Crops. Tata McGraw- Hill.
FLS-221 Ornamental Horticulture 3 (2+1)
Theory:
History, scope of gardening, Famous gardens in India, types of gardens. Landscaping,
historical background, definition. Landscaping, basic principles and basic components.
Principles of gardening, garden components, adornments, lawn making and its management,
methods of designing rockery, water garden, etc. Special types of gardens, their walk-paths,
69
bridges, constructed features. Greenhouse. Trees, their design values in landscaping,
propagation, planting. Shrubs and herbaceous perennials: Importance, design values,
propagation, planting; climbers and creepers, palms, ferns, grasses and cacti succulents. Flower
arrangement and its importance, Bio-aesthetic planning: definition, need, round country
planning, urban planning , planting avenues, beautifying schools, villages, railway stations, dam
sites, hydroelectric stations, colonies, river banks, planting material for play grounds. Vertical
gardens, roof gardens. Bonsai and its culture. Parks and public gardens.
Practical:
Identification and description of annuals, herbaceous, perennials, climbers, creepers,
foliage flowering shrubs, trees, palms, ferns, ornamental grasses; cacti succulents. Planning and
designing gardens, layout of components of garden, functional uses of plants in the landscape.
Panning design of house garden, roadside planting, avenues for new colonies, traffic islands,
preparation of land for lawn and planting. Description and design of garden structures, layout of
rockery, water garden, terrace garden, and Japanese gardens, recreational and children’s corner.
Layout of terrarium, traffic islands, bottle garden, dish garden. Flower arrangement, bonsai
practicing and training. Visit to nearby gardens. Identification and description of
species/varieties of jasmine, chrysanthemum, marigold, dahlia, gladiolus, carnation, aster and
their important inter-culture practice.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. History and scope of gardening
2. Famous gardens in India
3. Styles of gardening
4. Types of gardens: Persian, Mughal, French and Italian gardens
5. Types of gardens: English and Japanese gardens
6. Landscaping: definition and historical background
7. Basic principles of landscaping- design elements
8. Basic principles of landscaping- design principles
9. Principles of gardening, garden components and adornments
10. Garden components: garden wall, fences, steps, drives & paths
11. Garden components: hedges, edging, arches and pergolas
12. Garden components: living wall, paved garden, carpet bedding and flower
beds
13. Garden components: shrubbery and herbaceous borders
14. Garden adornments: garden seats, lights, sundials, bird baths, floral clocks,
ornamental stones & lanterns, statues & fountains, plant stands, etc.
15. Lawn: land preparation, planting, care and management
16. Methods of designing rockery and water garden
17. Special types of gardens (bog garden & sunken garden): their walk-paths,
bridges and constructed features
18. Vertical and roof gardens
19. Trees: importance, design values in landscaping, propagation and planting
20. Shrubs: importance, design values, propagation and planting
70
21. Herbaceous perennials: importance, design values, propagation and planting
22. Ornamental climbers and creepers
23. Ornamental palms, ferns, grasses and cacti & succulents
24. Flower arrangement: importance, types and characteristics
25. Flower arrangement types: Japanese and western flower arrangements
26. Bio-aesthetic planning: definition, need and scope
27. Round country planning, urban planning and planting avenues, colonies,
schools, villages and planting material for play grounds
28. Beautifying by planting railway stations, dam sites, hydroelectric stations and
river banks
29. Greenhouse: definition, types and uses in gardening
30. Bonsai: definition, classification and different styles
31. Bonsai: culture and maintenance
32. Parks and public gardens
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S.
No.
Topic Tentative
Date
1. Identification and description of annuals, herbaceous perennials, creepers &
climbers, foliage & flowering shrubs, trees, palms, ferns, ornamental grasses and
cacti & succulents
2. Planning, designing and layout of components of garden
3. Functional uses of plants in the landscape
4. Planning and designing of home garden
5. Planting roadsides and avenues for new colonies
6. Layout of traffic islands
7. Preparation of land and planting of lawn
8. Description and designing of garden structures: rockery and water garden
9. Description and designing of garden structures: terrace garden
10. Description and designing of garden structures: Japanese garden
11. Description and designing of garden structures: recreational garden and
children’s corner
12. Layout of terrarium, bottle or dish garden
13. Practice in flower arrangement
14. Practice in bonsai making
15. Visit to nearby gardens and description of important garden features
SUGGESTED READING
1. Arora,J.(2001) Introductory Ornamental Horticulture. Kalyani Publishers,B-1 / 1292 ,
Rajinder Nagar, Ludhiana
2. Bhanu L. and Desai (1979) Planning and Planting Designs of Home Garden. lCAR, New
Delhi
3. Bose, T.K.; Maiti, R.G.; Dhua, R.S. and Das, P. (1999) Floriculture and Landscaping.
Naya Udyog, 206, Bidhan Sarani, Kolkata - 700006.
71
4. Randhawa,G.S.and Mukhopadhyay,A.(2001) Floriculture in India. Allied publishers
Limited,A-104 Mayapuri, New Delhi-110064
NRM-221 Soil and Plant Analysis 2 (1+1)
Theory:
Methods of soil and plant sampling and processing for analysis. Quantification of
minerals and their abundance. Soil structure and aggregate analysis. Theories and concepts of
soil moisture estimation – gravimetric, tensiometric, gypsum block, neutron probe and pressure
membrane/plate methods. Characterization of hydraulic mobility–diffusion and mass flow.
Renewal of gases in soil and their abundance. Methods of estimation of oxygen diffusion rate
and redox potential. Soil fertility evaluation methods. Use of radio tracer techniques in soil
fertility evaluation. Soil micro-organisms and their importance. Saline, alkali, acid, waterlogged
and sandy soils, their appraisal and management. Chemical and mineral composition of
horticultural crops. Leaf analysis standards, index tissue, interpretation of leaf analysis values.
Principles of working of pH meter, electrical conductivity meter, spectrophotometer, flame
photometer and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Quality of irrigation water.
Practical: Collection and preparation of soil and plant samples for analysis. Determination of water
holding capacity and hydraulic conductivity of soil. Estimation of moisture content in soils and
plants. Determination of pH, electrical conductivity in soil & water. Irrigation water quality
analysis-Determination of SAR and RSC hazard of irrigation water (Soluble cations & anions).
Enumeration of soil microbes. Estimation of available macro and micronutrient elements in soils
and their contents in plants.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S.
No.
Topic Tentative
Date
1. Methods of soil and plant sampling and processing for analysis
2. Quantification of minerals and their abundance
3. Soil structure and aggregate analysis
4. Theories and concepts of soil moisture estimation-gravimetric, tensiometric,
gypsum block, neutron probe and pressure plate methods
5. Characterization of hydraulic mobility-diffusion and mass flow
6. Renewal of gases in soil and their abundance
7. Methods of estimation of oxygen diffusion rate and redox potential
8. Soil fertility evaluation methods
9. Use of radio tracer techniques in soil fertility evaluation
10. Soil microorganisms and their importance
11. Saline, alkali, acid, waterlogged and sandy soils-their appraisal and
management
12. Chemical and mineral composition of Horticultural crops
13. Leaf analysis standards, index tissue, interpretation of
leaf analysis values.
14. Principles of working of pH meter, electrical conductivity meter
72
15. Principles of working of spectrophotometer, flame photometer and atomic
absorption spectrophotometer
16. Quality of irrigation water
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S.
No.
Topic Tentative
Date
1. Collection and preparation of soil and plant samples for analysis
2. Determination of water holding capacity of soil
3. Estimation of moisture content in soils
4. Estimation of moisture content in plant leaves
5. Determination of pH and EC.
6. Determination of organic carbon content of soils
7. Determination of available K content of soils
8. Determination of available micronutrient content in soils
9. Irrigation water quality analysis
10 Plant leaf sample preparation for analysis of nutrient contents
11. Plant leaf sample digestion for analysis of nutrient contents
12. Plant analysis for nutrient contents.
13. Microscopic examination of microorganisms
14. Collect the irrigation water sample for test the quality parameters
15. Test the quality parameters of irrigation water
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Biswas, T. D. and Mukherjee, S. K. (1994) Text book of Soil science. Tata Mcgraw-Hill
publishing company Limited, New Delhi- 110 002
2. Chopra, S. L. and Kanwar J. S. (1999) Analytical Agricultural Chemistry. Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiana-141008
3. Gupta, P. K. (2004) Soil, Plant, Water and Fertilizer analysis. Agrobios (India),
Jodhpur-342003
4. Proyogic Mrida Vighyan, By K. L. Totawat and L. L. Somani, Rajasthan Hindi Granth
Academy, Jaipur
5. Saha Arun Kumar(2006) Text Book of Soil Physics. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana-141008
6. Somani, L. L. and Totawat, K. L. (1996) Management of Salt Affected soils. Agrotech
Publishing Academy, Udaipur-313002
PPR-221 Insect Pests of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 3(2+1)
Theory:
General – economic classification of insects; ecology and insect-pest management with
reference to fruit, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops; pest surveillance. Distribution, host
range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of important insect pests affecting tropical,
sub-tropical and temperate fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops like coconut, areca
nut, oil palm, cashew, cacao, tea, coffee, cinchona, rubber, betel vine senna, neem, hemp,
belladonna, pyrethrum, camphor, costus, crotalaria, datura, dioscorea, mint, opium, Solanum
khasianum and Tephrosia.. Storage insects – distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury,
73
integrated management of important insect pests attacking stored fruits, plantation, medicinal
and aromatic crops and their processed products. Toxicology – insecticide residue problems in
fruit, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops and their tolerance limits.
Practical:
Study of symptoms of damage, collection, identification, preservation, assessment of
damage and population of important insect – pests affecting fruits, plantation, medicinal and
aromatic crops in field and storage
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. General — economic classification of insects; ecology and pest surveillance with
reference to fruit, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops
2. IPM :Definition and concept : Definition and terminology of entomological
words and causes for insect assuming pests status
3. Polyphagous pests and their management of fruit, plantation, medicinal and
aromatic crops
4. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of Banana
5. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of Grape
6. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of Citrus
7. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of Mango
8. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of Guava
9. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of Sapota& papaya
10. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of jack fruit & pineapple
11. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of pomegranate and ber
12. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of apple
13. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of pear, peach & plum
14. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of almond & walnut
15. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of strawberry
16. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of areca nut
17. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of coconut & oil palm
18. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of tea
19. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
74
pest of coffee & cocoa
20. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of cashew rubber
21. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of betel vine &senna
22. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of neem
23. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of belladonna & hemp,
24. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of camphor & pyrethrum
25. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of crotalaria &costus
26. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of dioscorea&datura
27. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of mint & opium
28. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of Solanumkhasianum and Tephrosia
29. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, management of important insect
pests attacking stored product of fruit and plantation crops
30. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, management of important insect
pests attacking stored product of medicinal and aromatic crops
31. Find out tolerance limits of insecticide in fruit crops
32. Find out tolerance limits limit of insecticide in plantation, medicinal and aromatic
crops
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Collection, Identification and preservation of important insect-pests of
fruit crops
2. Collection, Identification and preservation of important insect-pests of
Plantation crops
3. Collection, Identification and preservation of important insect-pests
medicinal & aromatic crops
4. Collection & study of damage symptoms caused by insect-pests of fruit
crop & plantation crops
5. Collection & study of damage symptoms caused by insect-pests of
medicinal & aromatic crops
6. Study of important predators & parasites of important insect-pests of fruit
crops
7. Study of important predators & parasites of important insect-pests of
plantation crops
8. Study of life cycle of important insect-pests of fruit crops
9. Study of life cycle of important insect-pests of plantation crops
10. Study of life cycle of important insect-pests of medicinal and aromatic
crops
11. Study of damage caused by stored product insect-pests of fruit, plantation,
medicinal and aromatic crops
75
12. Calculation of spray formulations of insecticides solution
13. Calculation of Dust formulations of insecticides
14. Study of spraying and dusting Equipments
SUGGESTED READING
1. Atwal, A.S. and G.S. Dhaliwal (2010): Agriculture Pests of South East Asia and Their
Management,Kalyani Publisher Ludhiana pp616
2. Awasthi, V.B. (2011) Agricultural insect and pest and their control. Scientific Publisher
Jodhpur pp267
3. David V. Alford (2007) Pests of fruit crops A Colour Hand Book. Manson Publishing
house London UK pp461
4. Mathur, Y.K. and K.D. Upadhyay (2005): A Text Book of Entomology (Fifth Edition):
Aman Publishing house, Meerut pp388
5. Panwar,V.P.S.(2006) agriculture insect pest of crops and their control. Kalyani Publisher
Ludhiana pp402
6. Reddy,P.P.,(2009): Insect, mite and Vertebrate pests and their management in
Horticultural Crops. Scientific Publisher pp384
PPR-222 Diseases of Fruits, Plantation and Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 3 (2+1)
Theory:
Etiology, symptoms, mode of spread, epidemiology and integrated management of the
diseases of fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops viz mango, banana, grape, citrus,
guava, sapota, papaya, jack fruit, pineapple, pomegranate, ber, apple, pear, peach, plum, almond,
walnut, strawberry, areca nut, coconut, oil palm, coffee, tea, cocoa, cashew, rubber, betel vine
senna, neem, hemp, belladonna, pyrethrum, camphor, costus, crotalaria, datura, dioscorea, mint,
opium, Solanum khasianum and Tephrosia. Important post-harvest diseases of fruit, plantation
and medicinal and aromatic crops and their management.
Practical: Observations of disease symptoms, identification of casual organisms and host parasite
relationship of important diseases. Examination of scrapings and cultures of important pathogens
of fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Etiology, symptoms, mode of spread, epidemiology and integrated
management of diseases in fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic
plants
2. Diseases of Mango
3. Diseases of Citrus
4. Diseases of Grape
5. Diseases of Banana
6. Diseases of Guava
7. Diseases of Sapota
8. Diseases of papaya
9. Diseases of Jack fruit
76
10. Diseases of pineapple
11. Diseases of pomegranate
12. Diseases of ber
13. Diseases of apple
14. Diseases of pear and peach
15. Diseases of plum
16. Diseases of almond and walnut
17. Diseases of strawberry
18. Diseases of areca nut
19. Diseases of coconut and oil palm
20. Diseases of tea and coffee
21. Diseases of cocoa
22. Diseases of cashew
23. Diseases of rubber
24. Diseases of betel vine and senna
25. Diseases of neem
26. Diseases of belladonna and hemp
27. Diseases of camphor and pyrethrum
28. Diseases of crotalaria and costus
29. Diseases of dioscorea anddatura
30. Diseases of mint and opium
31. Diseases of Solanumkhasianum and Tephrosia
32. Important post—harvest diseases of fruit, plantation and medicinal and
aromatic plants and their management
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Diseases caused by Pythium and Phytophthorainfruits, plantation,
medicinal and aromatic plants
2. Diseases of fruits, plantation, medicinal and plants caused by downy and
Powdery mildew fungi
3. Rust and scab disease of fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic
plants
4. Diseases of fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic plants caused by
Botryodiplodia/Botryotis / Capnodium
5. Diseases of fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromaticplants caused by
Cercosporaand Mycosphaerella
6. Diseases of fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic plants caused by
Colletotrichum
7. Diseases of fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic plants caused by
Fusarium
8. Diseases of fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic plants caused by
Phoma and Phomopsis
9. Diseases caused by Rhizoctonia infruits, plantation, medicinal and
aromatic plants
10. Diseases of fruit, plantation, medicinal and aromatic plants caused by
Pestalotiopsis
77
11. Diseases of fruit, plantation, medicinal and aromatic plants caused by
Alternaria, Armillaria, and Pellicularia
12. Diseases of fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic plants caused by
Algae, Nematode and Flowering parasite
13. Diseases of fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic plants caused by
Bacteria
14. Diseases of fruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic plants caused by
Virus, Viroids, Phytoplasma
15. Fruit disease controlled by Fungicide
16. Post-harvest diseases of infruits, plantation, medicinal and aromatic
plants
SUGGESTED READING
1. Agrios, G.N. 2005. Plant Pathology (5th Edition). Elsevier, Academic Press, New York.
922 p.
2. Mehrotra, R.S. and A. Agarwal. Plant Pathology (2nd Edition). Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi. 846 p.
3. Singh, R.S. 2009. Plant Diseases (9th Edition).Oxford and IBH Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. 700
p.
4. Rangaswamy, G. and A. Mahadevan. 2008. Diseases of Crop Plants in India (4th
Edition). PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi. 536 p.
5. Singh, R.S. (1984). Diseases of Fruit Crops, Oxfords and IBH Publishing co. Pvt. Ltd.
New Delhi pp 310
6. Tripathi D.P. (2009) Crop Diseases, Kalyani Publisher, New Delhi pp 480
7. Saha, L.R. (2008) Hand Book of Plant Diseases. Kalyani Publisher, New Delhi pp 457
8. T.S. Thind (2005). Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables and Their Management.Kalyani
Publisher, New Delhi pp 474
A. Mishra, A. Bohra and A. Mishra (2005). Plant Pathology: Disease and
Management. AGROBIOS India pp 766
9. Mukerji, K.G. 2004 Fruit and Vegetable Diseases. Kluwer Academic Publisher Dordrecht
pp554
10. Indra, N., Aruna, P., and Ponnuswami, V (2012) Disease Management of horticultural
crops under protected cultivation. Pointer Publisher Jaipur pp180.
BAS-221 Fundamentals of Extension Education 2(1+1)
Theory:
Extension education: meaning, definition, nature, scope, objectives, principles,
approaches and history. Forestry extension: process, principles and selected programmes of
leading national and international forest institutes. People’s participation in forestry programmes.
Motivation of women community, children, youth and voluntary organizations for forestry
78
extension work. Rural Development: meaning, definition, objectives and genesis. Transfer of
technology programmes like lab to land programme (LLP) national demonstration (ND), front
line demonstration (FLD) Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVK), Technology Assessment and
Refinement Programme (TARP) etc. of ICAR. Communication: meaning, definition, elements
and selected models. Audio – visual aids: importance, classification and selection.
Programming planning process – meaning, scope, principles and steps. Evaluation: meaning,
importance and methods. Scope and importance of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) & Rapid
Rural Appraisal (RRA). Management and administration: meaning, definition, principles and
functions. Concepts of human resource development (HRD), rural leadership.
Practical:
Visits to study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes of ICFRE
institutes/voluntary organizations/Mahila Mandal, Village Panchayat, State Deptt. of Forests/All
India Radio (AIR). Exercises on distortion of message, script writing for farm broadcasts and
telecasts, planning, preparation & use of NPVA like poster, chart, flash cards, folders etc. and
AVA like OHP & 35 mm slide projector transparencies. Identification of local leaders to study
their role in extension work. Evaluation of some selected case studies of forestry extension
programmes. Preparation of Village Agricultural productions plan.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Extension education: Meaning, Definition, Nature
2. Extension education: Scope, Objectives, Principles, Approaches, History
3. Forestry extension: Process, Principles, Selected programmes of leading national
and international forest institutes
4. People’s participation in forestry programmes
Motivation of women community, children, youth and voluntary organizations
for forestry extension work
5. Communication: Meaning, Definition, Elements, Selected models
6. Rural development: Meaning, Definition, Objectives, Genesis
7. Transfer of technology programme of ICAR: (All programmes): Lab to land
programme (LLP),National demonstration (ND), Front line demonstration (FLD),
Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Technology Assessment and Refinement
Programme (TARP)
8. Transfer of technology programme of ICAR: (All programmes): Technology
Assessment and Refinement Programme (TARP)
9. Audio – visual aids: Importance, Classification, Selection
10. Programme planning process: Meaning, Scope, Principles, Steps
11. Evaluation: Meaning, Importance, Methods
12. Participatory rural appraisal (PRA): Meaning, Scope. Rapid rural appraisal
(RRA): Meaning, Scope
13. Management and administration: Meaning, Definition, Principles, Function
14. Human resource development (HRD): Concepts
15. Rural leadership
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S. No. Topic Tentative
79
Date
1. To study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes of Village
panchayat
2. To study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes of Krishi
Vigyan Kendra
3. To study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes of ICFRE
institutes
4. To study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes of Voluntary
organisations
5. To study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes of Mahila
mandals
6. To exercise on script writing for farm broadcasts and telecasts
7. To exercise on planning, preparation & use of poster
8. To exercise on planning, preparation & use of chart & flash cards
9. To exercise on planning, preparation & use of AVA like OHP & 35 mm like
projector transparencies
10. Identification of local leaders to study their role in extension work
11. To study structure, functions, linkages and extension programmes of State
Department of forests/ All India Radio (AIR)
12. To exercise on distortion of message, script writing for farm broadcasts and
telecasts
13. To exercise on planning, preparation & use of folders
14. Evaluation of some selected case studies of forestry extension programmes
15. Preparation of village agricultural productions plan
SUGGESTED READING
1. Dahama, O.P. and Bhatnagar, O.P. 2009. Education and Communication for
Development. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Govind, Santha, Tamilselvi, G. and Menambigai, J. 2011. Extension Education and Rural
Development. AGROBIOS (INDIA) Publisher, Jodhpur.
3. Kumar, B. And Hansra, B.S. 2000. Extension Education for Human Resource
Development. Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi.
4. Ray, G.L. 1981. Extension, Communication and Management. Naya Prokash, Calcutta.
5. Reddy, A.A. 1993. Extension Education. Sree Laxmi Press, Bapatla.
6. Rogers, E.M. 1983. Diffusion of Innovations. The Free Press, New York.
7. Sandhu, A.s. 1993. Textbook on Agricultural Communication: Profess and Mithods.
Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
8. Supe, S.V. 1990. An Introduction to Extension Education. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
9. Van den Ban, A.W. and Hawkins, H.S. 1998. Agricultural Extension. CBS Publishers &
Distributors, New Delhi.
B.Sc. (Horticulture) Honours, Part III
I Semester
FRS-311 Weed Management in Horticultural Crops 3 (2+1)
Theory:
80
Weeds: Introduction, harmful and beneficial effects, classification, propagation and
dissemination; Weed biology and ecology, crop weed association, crop weed competition and
allelopathy Concepts of weed prevention, control and eradication; Methods of weed control:
physical, cultural, chemical and biological methods. Integrated weed management; Herbicides:
advantages and limitation of herbicide usage in India, Herbicide classification, formulations,
methods of application; Introduction to Adjuvants and their use in herbicides; Introduction to
selectivity of herbicides; Compatibility of herbicides with other agro chemicals; Weed
management in major horticultural crops, shift of weed flora in cropping systems, aquatic and
problematic weeds and their control.
Practical: Identification of weeds; Survey of weeds in orchards and other habitats; Preparation of
herbarium of weeds; Calculations on weed control efficiency and weed index; Herbicide label
information; Computation of herbicide doses; Study of herbicide application equipment and
calibration; Demonstration of methods of herbicide application; Preparation of list of commonly
available herbicides; Study of phytotoxicity symptoms of herbicides in different crops; Biology
of nut sedge, bermuda grass, parthenium and celosia; Economics of weed control practices;
Tours and visits of problem areas.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Weeds: Introduction, harmful and beneficial effects
2. Weeds: Introduction, harmful and beneficial effects
3. Classification of weeds
4. Weeds: Introduction, harmful and beneficial effects
Classification of weeds
5. Propagation and dissemination of weeds
6. Propagation and dissemination of weeds
7. Weed biology and ecology, crop weed association
8. Weed biology and ecology, crop weed association
9. Crop weed competition and allelopathy
10. Concepts of weed prevention, control and eradication
11. Methods of weed control: physical, cultural, chemical and biological methods
12. Methods of weed control: physical, cultural, chemical and biological methods
13. Methods of weed control: physical, cultural, chemical and biological methods
14. Methods of weed control: physical, cultural, chemical and biological methods
15. Integrated weed management
16. Integrated weed management
17. Herbicides: advantages and limitation of herbicide usage in India
18. Herbicides: advantages and limitation of herbicide usage in India
19. Herbicide classification, formulations,
20. Herbicide classification, formulations,
21. Methods of application of herbicides
22. Introduction to Adjuvants and their use in herbicides
23. Introduction to Adjuvants and their use in herbicides
24. Introduction to selectivity of herbicides; Compatibility of herbicides with other
agro chemicals
81
25. Introduction to selectivity of herbicides; Compatibility of herbicides with other
agro chemicals
26. Weed management in major horticultural crops
27. Weed management in major horticultural crops
28. Shift of weed flora in cropping systems
29. Shift of weed flora in cropping systems
30. Aquatic and problematic weeds and their control
31. Aquatic and problematic weeds and their control
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Identification of weeds
2. Survey of weeds in orchards and other habitats
3. Preparation of herbarium of weeds
4. Calculations on weed control efficiency and weed index
5. Herbicide label information
6. Computation of herbicide doses
7. Study of herbicide application equipment and calibration
8. Demonstration of methods of herbicide application
9. Preparation of list of commonly available herbicides
10. Study of phytotoxicity symptoms of herbicides in different crops
11. Biology of nut sedge
12. Biology of bermuda grass
13. Biology of parthenium
14. Biology of parthenium
15. Economics of weed control practices; Tours and visits of problem areas
16. Economics of weed control practices; Tours and visits of problem areas
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Gupta,O.P. (2003) Weed management Principles and practices, Agro-Bios, Jodhpur.
2. Panda, S. C. (2005) Agronomy, Agro-Bios, Jodhpur.
3. Rao,V.S. (2000) Principles of weed science, Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.
4. Saraswat,V.N. Bhan, V.M.and Yaduraju, T.N.(2003) Weed management, ICAR, New
Delhi.
VEG-311 Breeding of Vegetable, Tuber and Spice Crops 3(2+1)
Theory:
Centers of origin, plant bio-diversity and its conservation. Modes of reproduction,
pollination systems and genetics of important vegetable, tuber and spice crops. Self-
incompatibility and male sterility, its classification and application in crop improvement.
82
Principles of breeding of self-pollinated crops- pure line selection, mass selection, heterosis
breeding, hybridization, pedigree method, mass pedigree method, bulk method, modified bulk
method, single seed descent method and back cross method. Polyploidy breeding. Mutation
breeding. Principles of breeding of cross pollinated crops- mass selection, recurrent selection,
heterosis breeding, synthetics and composites. Application of biotechnology in crop
improvement. Crops: Solanaceous vegetables- tomato, brinjal, chilli; cole crops- cauliflower and
cabbage; cucurbits- melons and gourds; bulb crops, root crops, okra, pea, french bean, coriander,
fenugreek.
Practical:
Floral biology and pollination mechanisms in self and cross pollinated vegetables, tuber
crops and spices. Working out phenotypic and genotypic variance, heritability and genetic
advance. Preparation and use of chemical and physical mutagens. Polyploidy breeding and
chromosomal studies. Techniques of F1 hybrid seed production. Maintenance of breeding
records.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Centres of origin of vegetable crops
2. Plant bio-diversity and its conservation
3. Modes of reproduction, pollination systems
4. Genetics of important vegetable, tuber and spice crops
5. Self-incompatibility and male sterility, its classification and application in crop
improvement
6.
7.
8. Principles of breeding self and cross-pollinated crops:
9. Pure line and mass selection
10. Heterosis breeding
11.
12. Pedigree method & mass pedigree method
13. Bulk method & Modified bulk method
14. Single seed descent method
15. Back cross method
16. Polyploidy breeding
17. Mutation breeding
18. Mass selection
19. Recurrent selection
20.
21. Synthetics and composites
22. Application of biotechnology in crop improvement
23.
24. Crop improvement of :
25. Solanaceous vegetables- tomato, brinjal, chilli
26.
27.
28. Cole crops-cauliflower and cabbage
29.
83
30. Cucurbits- muskmelon, watermelon, cucumber, bottlegourd and bittergourd
31.
32.
33. Bulb crops-Onion, root crops- radish and carrot
34.
35. Okra, pea, French bean, potato, sweet potato, colocasia, coriander and fenugreek
36.
37.
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Floral biology and pollination mechanism in self and cross pollinated vegetables
(tomato, brinjal, chilli, okra, onion, watermelon, cucumber, bottle gourd, radish,
pea,frenchbean)
4
2.
3.
4.
5. Floral biology and pollination mechanism in tuber and spice crops(colocasia,
potato, sweet potato, coriander, fenugreek)
2
6.
7. Hybridization and pollination techniques used in vegetables 1
8. Working out phenotypic and genotypic variance, heritability and genetic advance 2
9.
10. Preparation and uses of chemical and physical mutagens 2
11.
12. Polyploidy breeding and chromosomal studies 2
13.
14. Techniques of F1 hybrid seed production 1
15. Maintenance of breeding records 1
SUGGESTED READINGS 1. Allard, R.W. (1960). Principles of Plant Breeding. John Wiley and Sons. Inc., New York.
2. Bose TK, Som MG & Kabir J. (Eds.). 2002. Vegetable Crops. Naya Prokash.
3. Fageria, M.S., Arya, P.S. and Choudhary, A.K. (2001).Vegetable Crops: Breeding and
Seed Production. Vol. I. Kalyani Publishers.
4. Hazra P & Som MG. (Eds.). 1999. Technology for Vegetable Production and
Improvement. Naya Prokash.
5. Kallo, G. (1994). Vegetable Breeding Vol 1-3. Panama Educational Book Agency, New
Delhi.
6. Peter, K.V. Genetics and Breeding of Vegetable Crops. ICAR Publications.
7. Rai, M. (2004). Heterosis Breeding of Vegetable Crops. Kalyani Publishers.
8. Ram, H.H. (1997). Vegetable Breeding- Principles and Practices. Kalyani Publishers.
9. Singh, B.D. (2005 Revised). Plant Breeding-Principles and Methods. Kalyani Publishers.
10. Swarup, Vishnu (2006). Vegetable Science and Technology in India. Kalyani Publishers.
PHT-311 Post Harvest Management of Horticultural crops 3(2+1)
Theory:
Importance & scope of post-harvest management of horticultural crops in India. Maturity
indices, harvesting, pre cooling, grading of fruit, vegetables, cut flowers, medicinal and aromatic
plants. Pre-harvest factors affecting quality. Factors responsible for deterioration of horticultural
84
produce. Physiological and bio-chemical changes during ripening. Hastening and delaying
ripening process. Pre & post-harvest treatments of horticultural crops. Quality parameters and
specification. Structure of fruits, vegetables and cut flowers related to physiological changes
after harvest. Different systems of storage including cold storage, CA & MA storage, low cost
cooling structures, etc. Packaging, pre packaging treatments, types of packages, types of
cushioning materials, vacuum packaging, , poly shrink packaging, grape guard packing .
Transportation of fresh horticultural produce.
Practical:
Practice in judging the maturity of various horticultural produce, determination of
physiological loss in weight and quality. Grading of horticultural produce, post-harvest
treatment of horticultural crops, Packaging studies in fruits, vegetables and cut flowers by using
different packaging materials, methods of storage, post-harvest disorders in horticultural
produce. Identification of storage pests and diseases in spices. Visit to markets, packaging
houses and cold storage units.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Present scenario of distribution system of perishables in India, losses during
supply chain
2. Importance of strong post-harvest infrastructure of horticultural crops in India
3. Scope for development of post-harvest management infrastucture of horticultural
crops in India
4. Maturity, optimum stage of maturity for different fruits and vegetable crops
5. General maturity indices of fruits and vegetables: Computational, physical,
chemical and physiological methods
6. Harvest indices of fruits like mango, banana, papaya, pineapple, apple, sapota,
guava, citrus, grapes, etc.
7. Harvest indices of vegetables like tomato, brinjal, beans, melons, etc.
8. Pre-harvest factors affecting quality of fruits and vegetables
9. Changes during fruit growth
10. Physiology of transpiration
11. Physiology of respiration
12. Physiology and biochemistry of fruit ripening
13. Ethylene evolution
14. Delaying ripening
15. Artificial ripening of fruits
16. factors responsible for deterioration of horticultural produce
17. Harvesting: methods and tools, Pre-cooling: methods and objectives
18. Sorting and grading of fruits and vegetables
19. pre- treatments like curing, waxing, etc.
20. Pre & post-harvest treatments of horticultural crops
21. Quality parameters and specification. Structure of fruits, vegetables and cut
flowers related to physiological changes after harvest
22. Cold storage: construction and mechanical refrigeration
23. CA storage
24. MA storage
85
25. Zero energy cool chamber: principle and construction
26. Packaging : quality of ideal packaging material
27. Pre- packaging treatments: grape guard etc.
28. Types of packages, pelletization,
29. Cushioning material
30. vacuum packaging, poly shrink packaging
31. Transportation of fresh horticultural produce
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Analyzing maturity stages of fruits: use of refractometer
2. Analyzing maturity stages of fruits: use of tenderometer
3. Maturity determination by specific gravity
4. Maturity determination by starch test
5. Estimation of PLW
6. Effect of packaging and temperature on PLW of fruits and vegetables
7. Practice of harvesting of horticultural produce
8. Practice of manual grading of horticultural produce
9. Practice of packaging in fruits/ vegetables/ flowers
10. To become familiar with working of cold room
11. Construction of ZECC
12. To become acquint with post-harvest disorders in horticultural produce
13. Identification of storage pests and diseases in spices
14. Visit to markets, packaging houses and cold storage units
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. S. Saraswathy, T.L. Preethi, S. Balasubramanyan, J. Suresh, N. Revathy & S. Natarajan.
Post Harvest Management of Horticultural Crops, Agribios (India), Jodhpur.
2. S. K. Mitra. Post Harvest Physiology and storage of tropical and subtropical fruits, CABI
Publishing.
3. A.K. Thompson. Post Harvest Technology of fruits and vegetables, Blackwell Science.
4. Er. B. Pantastico. Post Harvest Physiology, Handling and Utilization of Tropical and
Subtropical Fruits and Vegetables, AVI Publishing Company, Inc.
5. R.B.H. Wills, W.B. McGlasson, D. Graham, T.H. Lee and E.G. Hall. Post Harvest: An
Introduction to the Physiology and Handling of Fruits and vegetables, CBS Publishers
and Distributors, New Delhi.
PPR-311 Nematode Pests of Horticultural Crops and Their Management 2(1+1)
Theory:
History of development of nematology - definition, economic importance. General
characters of plant parasitic nematodes, their morphology, taxonomy, classification, biology,
86
symptomatology and control of important plant parasitic nematodes of fruits – (tropical, sub-
tropical and temperate) vegetables, tuber, ornamental, spice and plantation crops. Role of
nematodes in plant disease complex.
Practical: Methods of sampling and extraction of nematodes from soil and plant parts, killing,
fixing and preparation of temporary and permanent nematode mounts. Nematicides and their
use. Collection and preservation of 20 plant species/parts damaged by plant parasitic nematodes.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. History and Development of Nematology
2. Economic Importance of Plant Parasitic Nematodes
3. General Characters of Plant Parasitic Nematodes
4. General Morphology (I)
5. General Morphology (II)
6. General Morphology (III)
7. Biology of Plant Parasitic Nematodes
8. Symptomatology (I)
9. Symptomatology (II)
10. Nematode Pests of Vegetable Crops and their Management (I)
11. Nematode Pests of Vegetable Crops and their Management (II)
12. Nematode Pests of Tuber Crops and their Management
13. Nematode Pests of Fruit Crops and their Management (I)
14. Nematode Pests of Fruit Crops and their Management (II)
15. Nematode Pests of Ornamental plants and their Management
16. Nematode Pests of Spice and Plantation Crops and their Management
17. Role of Nematodes in Plant Disease Complexes
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Survey and surveillance
2. Collection of Soil and Root Samples
3. Extraction of Nematodes from Soil Samples
4. Extraction of Nematode from Plant Material
5. Handling and Use of Microscopes
6. Counting and Picking of Nematodes
7. Preparation of Fixatives and their Recipes/Compositions
8. Preparation of Temporary and Permanent Mounts
9. Morphology of a Typical Plant Parasitic Nematode
10. To Study the Symptoms Produced by Nematodes
11. Collection and Preservation of Nematode infested plant specimens
12. Nematicides and their Application
87
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Bajaj, H.K., Kanwar, R.S. and Gupta, D.C. (2011).Handbook of Practical Nematology.
Scientific Publisher, Jodhpur pp150
2. Bohra, A., and Anamika (2012).Plant Nematology:A Fundamental Approach. Agrobios
Jodhpur.pp286.
3. Manjunath, B., and Srinivas, N., Plant Nematology at a Glance New Vishal Publication
New Delhi pp264
4. Reddy, P.P. 2007 Integrated Nematode Management in Horticultural Crops.Scientific
Publisher, Jodhpur pp300
5. Reddy, P.P. 2008 Disease of Horticultural Crops: Nematode Problem and their
Management.Scientific Publisher, Jodhpur pp379.
6. Upadhya, K.D. And Diwedi, K(2008)A Text Book of Plant Nematology. Aman
Publishing House, Meerut
7. Wallia, R.K. And Bajaj, H.K.(2013)Text Book on Introductory Plant Nematology. ICAR,
New Delhi pp227.
PPR-312 Diseases of Vegetable, Ornamental and Spice Crops 3 (2+1)
Theory:
Etiology, symptoms, mode of spread, epidemiology and integrated management of
diseases of the following vegetables, ornamental and spice crops: tomato, brinjal, chilli, bhindi,
cabbage, cauliflower, radish, knol-khol, pea, beans, beet root, onion, garlic, fenugreek, ginger,
potato, turmeric, pepper, cumin, cardamom, nutmeg, coriander, clove, cinnamon, jasmine, rose,
crossandra, tuberose, geranium. Important post-harvest diseases of vegetables and ornamental
crops and their management.
Practical: Observations of symptoms, causal organisms and host parasitic relationship of important
diseases, examination of cultures of important pathogens of vegetables, ornamental and spice
crops.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Nursery diseases of tomato and other vegetables
2. Fungal diseases of tomato
3. Bacterial and viral diseases of tomato
4. Diseases of brinjal
5. Bell pepper and chillies
6. Diseases of bhindi/ladyfinger/okra
7. Fungal diseases of cabbage, cauliflower, radish and knol-khol-I
8. Fungal diseases of cabbage, cauliflower, radish and knol-khol-II
9. Bacterial and viral diseases of cabbage, cauliflower, radish and knol-khol
10. Diseases of pea
11. Diseases of beans
88
12. Diseases of beetroot
13. Diseases of onion and garlic
14. Diseases of cucurbits
15. Diseases of ginger and turmeric
16. Diseases of potato - I
17. Diseases of potato - II
18. Diseases of potato - III
19. Diseases of cumin
20. Diseases of pepper
21. Diseases of small cardamom
22. Diseases of large cardamom and nutmeg
23. Diseases of coriander
24. Diseases of clove, cinnamon and fenugreek
25. Diseases of rose -I
26. Diseases of rose - II
27. Diseases of jasmine
28. Diseases of crossandra
29. Diseases of tuberose
30. Diseases of geranium - I
31. Diseases of geranium - II
32. Post-harvest diseases of vegetables, ornamentals and spice crops
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Diseases caused by Pythium spp.
2. Diseases caused by Phytophthora spp.
3. Diseases caused by downy mildew and white rust fungi
4. Diseases caused by powdery mildew fungi
5. Diseases caused by Alternaria spp.
6. Leaf spot diseases caused by septoria/ phaeoisariopsis/ cercospora/ phomopsis
spp.
7. Diseases caused by rust fungi
8. Diseases caused by rust fungi in ornamentals
9. Diseases caused by Fusariumspp
10. Diseases caused by sclerotia forming fungi
11. Diseases caused by Colletotrichumspp
12. To perform gram’s staining
13. Diseases caused by bacteria
14. Symptoms of plant virus diseases
15. Fungicides and their application
16. Post-harvest diseases
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Mishra, A. Bohra and A. Mishra (2005). Plant Pathology: Disease and Management.
AGROBIOS India pp 766
89
2. Agrios, G.N. 2005. Plant Pathology (5th Edition). Elsevier, Academic Press, New York.
922 p.
3. Mehrotra, R.S. and A. Agarwal. Plant Pathology (2nd Edition). Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi. 846 p.
4. Mukerji, K.G. 2004 Fruit and Vegetable Diseases. Kluwer Academic Publisher Dordrecht
pp554
5. Rangaswamy, G. and A. Mahadevan. 2008. Diseases of Crop Plants in India (4th
Edition). PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi. 536 p.
6. Saha, L.R. (2008) Hand Book of Plant Diseases. Kalyani Publisher, New Delhi pp 457
7. Singh, R.S. (1984). Diseases of Vegetable Crops, Oxfords and IBH Publishing co. Pvt.
Ltd. New Delhi pp 362
8. Singh, R.S. 2009. Plant Diseases (9th Edition).Oxford and IBH Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. 700
p.
9. T.S. Thind (2005). Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables and Their Management.Kalyani
Publisher, New Delhi pp 474
10. Tripathi D.P. (2009) Crop Diseases, Kalyani Publisher, New Delhi pp 480
PPR-313 Mushroom Culture 1(0+1)
Practical:
Introduction to mushrooms fungi – nutritional value, edible and poisonous types, edible
mushrooms, Pleurotus, Volvariella and Agaricus, medicinal value of mushrooms, genetic
improvement of mushroom, preparation of culture, mother spawn production, multiplication of
spawn, cultivation techniques, harvesting, packing and storage; problems in cultivation –
diseases, pest and nematodes – weed moulds and their management strategies. Economics of
cultivation, post harvest technologies.
Equipment and sterilization techniques for culture media, isolation of mother culture, and span
preparation and maintenance of mushroom beds of oyster mushroom, Volvariella and Agaricus.
Processing and preservations of mushrooms, economics of spawn and mushroom production and
mushroom recipes
Lecture schedule: Practicals
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Introduction to Mushrooms
2. Collection & Identification of Mushrooms
3. Mushroom Spawn Production
4. Genetic Improvement of Mushrooms
5. Cultivation technique of button Mushrooms - I
6. Cultivation technique of button Mushrooms - II
7. Cultivation Technology Oyster Mushrooms
8. Cultivation Technology of Paddy Straw Mushroom
9. Cultivation Technology of Milky Mushroom
10. Post-Harvest Technology- Preservation of Mushrooms
11. Acquaintance with infrastructure, equipments and machineries required in the
90
mushroom cultivation process
12. Problems in Mushroom cultivation - I
13. Problems in Mushroom cultivation - II
14. Nutritional value of mushrooms and the mushroom recipe
15. Medicinal mushrooms and their use in industries
16. Project cost - analysis for mushroom cultivation
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Dey, S.C. (2010) Mushroom Growing. AGROBIOS India pp91
2. Gerrit J.Keizer 1998.The Complete encyclopedia of Mushrooms. REBO Publisher pp 286
3. Jean Louis Lamaison and Jean Marie Polese 2005 The great encyclopedia of
Mushrooms.Konemman pp240
4. Ram Dutta (2007). Advances in Mushroom Science.Satish Serial Publishing House.
Delhi pp210
5. Reeti Singh and Singh U.C. 2011 Modern Mushroom cultivation. . AGROBIOS India pp
229
6. Sharma,V.P. and Suman,B.C. 2006 Diseases and pest of mushroom. AGROBIOS India
pp 212
NRM-311 Farm Power and Machinery 2 (1+1)
Theory:
Basic concepts of various forms of energy, unit and dimensions of force, energy and
power, calculations with realistic examples. IC Engines: Basic principles of operation of
compression, ignition and spark ignition engines, two stroke and four stroke engines, cooling and
lubrication system, power transmission system, broad understanding of performance and
efficiency, tractors, power tillers and their types and uses. Electric motors: types, construction
and performance comparison. Tillage: objectives, Primary tillage implements: construction and
function of indigenous ploughs, improved indigenous ploughs, mould board ploughs, disc and
rotary ploughs. Secondary tillage implements: construction and function of tillers, harrows,
levelers, ridgers and bund formers. Sowing and transplanting equipment: seed drills, potato
planters, seedling transplanter. Grafting, pruning and training tools and equipment. Inter-culture
equipment: sweep. Junior hoe, weeders, long handle weeders. Crop harvesting equipments:
potato diggers, fruit pluckers, tapioca puller and hoists.
Practical:
Calculation on force, power and energy. IC engines – showing the components of
dismantled engines and motors. Primary and secondary tillage implements, hitching,
adjustments and operations. Spraying equipment, calibration and operation. Plant protection
equipment, calculation of dilution ratio and operation.
Lecture schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
91
Date
1. Explanation of whole course content in brief
2. Basic concepts of various forms of energy, unit and dimensions of force,
energy and power
3. Basic principles of operation of compression ignition and spark ignition
engines,
4. Basic principles of operation of two stroke and four stroke engines
5. Measurement of drawbar power
6. calculations with realistic solved examples
7. Cooling system
8. lubrication system
9. power transmission system,
10. Fuel supply system
11. performance and efficiency, tractors, power tillers and their types and uses
12. Electric motors: types, construction and performance comparison.
13. Tillage: objectives, method of ploughing. Primary tillage implements:
construction and function
14. Secondary tillage implements: construction and function
15. Sowing and transplanting equipment
16. Grafting, pruning and training tools and equipment
17. Inter-culture equipment, Crop harvesting equipments
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date 1. Calculations with realistic unsolved examples based on force, energy and farm
power
2. Gupta & Mahindra Agency visit for showing the components of dismantled
engines & motors and different systems in tractor
3. Showing the components of primary and secondary tillage implements on college
farm
4. Tractor driving,
5. Hitching, adjustments and operations of primary tillage equipments with tractor
6. Hitching, adjustments and operations of secondary tillage equipments with tractor
7. Spraying equipment, calibration and operation.
8. Plant protection equipment, calculation of dilution ratio and operation.
9. Calculations with realistic unsolved examples based on draft, side draft, area
coverage by primary tillage equipments
10. Calculations with realistic unsolved examples based on draft, side draft, area
coverage by Secondary tillage equipments
11. Calibration of seed cum fertilizer seed drill on farm
12. Showing a video of assembling different parts of a tractor
SUGGESTED READINGS:
92
1. Michael, A. M. and Ojha, T. P. (2006) Principles of Agricultural Engineering Vol-I. Jain
Brothers, New Delhi.
2. Sahay Jagdishwar (2008) Elements of Agricultural Engineering. Standard Publisher &
Distributors, New Delhi.
NRM-315 Introduction to Major Field Crops 2 (1+1)
Theory: Classification and distribution of field crops, definitions and concept of multiple
cropping, mixed cropping, intercropping, relay and alley cropping, cultural practices for raising
major cereals, pulses, oil seeds and fodder crops, green manuring, crop rotation.
Practical:
Identification of crop plants, seeds and weeds. Preparation of cropping scheme.
Application of herbicides in different field crops, Computation of seed rate for different crops.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Classification and distribution of field crops
2. Definitions and concept of multiple cropping, mixed cropping, intercropping,
relay and alley cropping.
3. Cultural practices for raising of Rice
4. Cultural practices for raising of Wheat
5. Cultural practices for raising of Maize
6. Cultural practices for raising of Sorghum
7. Cultural practices for raising of Soybean
8. Cultural practices for raising of Bengal gram
9. Cultural practices for raising of Red gram
10. Cultural practices for raising of Ground nut
11. Cultural practices for raising of Rape seed and Mustard
12. Cultural practices for raising of Sunflower
13. Cultural practices for raising of Fodder crops
14. Green Manuring
15. crop rotation
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Identification of Kharif crop plants
2. Identification of Rabi crop plants
3. Identification of kharif crop seeds
4. Identification of Rabi crop seeds
5. Identification of kharif weeds
6. Identification of Rabi weeds
93
7. Preparation of cropping scheme
8. Preparation of cropping scheme
9. Application of herbicides in different field crops (PPI)
10. Application of herbicides in different field crops (Pre Emergence)
11. Application of herbicides in different field crops (Post Emergence)
12. Computation of seed rate for different crops (Cereals)
13. Computation of seed rate for different crops (Pulses)
14. Computation of seed rate for different crops (Tubers)
15. Computation of seed rate for different crops (Sugarcane)
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Hand Book of Agriculture, ICAR Publication, New Delhi
2. Panda, S. C. (2005) Agronomy. Agrobios (India), Jodhpur-342003
3. Prasad Rajendra (2006) Text Book of Field Crop Production. ICAR Publication, New
Delhi
4. Singh, S. S.; Gupta, P. and Gupta, A. K. (2004) Hand Book of Agricultural Sciences.
Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana-141008
SILV-311 Introductory Agroforestry 2 (1+1)
Theory: Agroforestry – definition, objectives and potential. Distinction between agroforestry and
social forestry. Status of Indian forests and role in India farming systems. Agroforestry system,
sub-system and practice: agri-silviculture, silvipastoral, horti-silviculture, horti-silvipastoral,
shifting cultivation, taungya, home gardens, alley cropping, Trees outside forests (TOFs), wind
breaks, shelterbelts and energy plantations and biofuels. Planning for agroforestry – constraints,
diagnosis and design methodology, selection of tree crop species for agro-forestry. Agroforestry
projects – national, overseas, MPTS – their management practices, economics of cultivation –
nursery and planting Local sps Acacia nilotica, Dalbergia sissoo, Tectona grandis, Populus
deltoides, Prosopis cineraria, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Leuceana leucocephala, Ailanthus
excelsa, Butea monosperma, Azadirachta indica and Dendorcalamus strictus
Practical:
Collection and identification of seeds and seedlings of multipurpose tree species.
Nursery practices for A, nilotica, Sissoo, Teak, ,Prosopis cineraria, Eucalyptus, Subabul,
Ailanthus, Butea, Neem, Bamboo. Visit to agroforestry fileds for understanding tree crop
interactions: silvipastoral, alley cropping, horti-silviculture, agro-silvipasture, fuel and fodder
blocks. Visit to social forestry plantations – railway line plantations, canal plantations, roadside
plantations, industrial plantations and shelterbelts. Rapid assessment of choice of tree species by
farmers for green manure, fodder, fuel wood in a village. Economics and marketing of products
raised in agro-forestry systems.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
94
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Agroforestry – definition, objectives and potential.
2. Distinction between agroforestry and social forestry. Status of Indian forests and
role in India farming systems.
3.
4. Agroforestry system, sub-system and practice: agri-silviculture, silvipastoral,
horti-silviculture, horti-silvipastoral, shifting cultivation, taungya, home gardens,
alley cropping, Trees outside forests (TOFs), wind breaks, shelterbelts and energy
plantations and biofuels.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11. Planning for agroforestry – constraints, diagnosis and design methodology
12.
13. selection of tree crop species for agro-forestry. Agroforestry projects – national,
overseas,
14.
15. MPTS – their management practices
16.
17. Economics of cultivation – nursery and planting Local sps Acacia nilotica,
Dalbergia sissoo, Tectona grandis, Populus deltoides, Prosopis cineraria,
Eucalyptus tereticornis, Leuceana leucocephala, Ailanthus excelsa, Butea
monosperma, Azadirachta indica and Dendorcalamus strictus
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
date
1. Collection and identification of seeds and seedlings of multipurpose tree species
2.
3. Nursery practices for A, nilotica, Sissoo, Teak, ,Prosopis cineraria, Eucalyptus,
Subabul, Ailanthus, Butea, Neem, Bamboo.
4.
5.
6. Visit to agroforestry fileds for understanding tree crop interactions: silvipastoral,
alley cropping, horti-silviculture, agro-silvipasture, fuel and fodder blocks.
7.
8. Visit to social forestry plantations – railway line plantations, canal plantations,
roadside plantations, industrial plantations and shelterbelts.
9.
10. Rapid assessment of choice of tree species by farmers for green manure, fodder,
fuel wood in a village.
11.
12. Economics and marketing of products raised in agro-forestry systems.
SUGGESTED READINGS
95
1. Buck LE, Lassoie, Fernandes ECM 1999. Agroforestry in Sustainable Agri.
Systems,CRC Press.
2. Nair PKR and Latt 1998. Directions in Tropical Agroforestry Research, Kluwer.
3. Nair PKR, Rai MR and Buck LE. 2004. New Vistas in Agroforestry. Kluwer
4. Nair PKR. 1993. An Introduction to Agroforestry. Kluwer Academic Pub.
5. Ong CK and Huxley PK. 1996. Tree Crop Interactions – A Physiological Approach.
ICRAF.
6. Thampan PK. 1993. Trees and Tree Farming. Peekay Tree Crops Development
Foundation.
7. Young A. 1997. Agroforestry for Soil Management. CABI.
B.Sc. (Horticulture) Honours, Part III
II Semester
PPR-321 Apiculture 1(0+1)
Practical:
Importance and history of apiculture, different species of bees, morphology, anatomy,
colony organization and life cycle, bee-keeping equipment, social behaviour, reproduction,
queen rearing, bee pasturage, seasonal management, economics of bee-keeping. Bee enemies,
diseases of bees, role of bees in increasing the productivity of horticultural crops in India
economy, bee products and their uses. Recent trends in apiculture. Acquaintance with honey
bee species, morphology, structural adaptation, biology-castes-bee-keeping equipment, bee
forage plants. Collection and preservation of bee flora, enemies and diseases of bees. Handling
of bee colonies and manipulation for honey production.
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Introduction to Apiculture: Importance and history
2. Different species of honey bees
3. Morphology and anatomy of honey bee
4. Colony organization and life cycle
5. Social behaviour of honey bees
6. Beekeeping equipment
7. Handling of bee colony and maintenance of apiary record
8. Collection and preservation of bee pasture
9. Seasonal management of honey bee colonies: Spring management
10. Seasonal management of honey bee colonies: Summer, monsoon and
autumn season management
11. Seasonal management of honey bee colonies: Winter management and
migratory beekeeping
12. Miscellaneous management (uniting, dividing, queen management,
supplementary feeding, shifting bee colonies, robbing and absconding)
13. Manipulation for honey production
14. Economics of beekeeping
96
15. Queen rearing
16. Familiarization with enemies of honey bees and their control
17. Familiarization with diseases of honey bees and their control
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Gatoria, G.S., Gupta, J. K., Thakur, R.K. and Singh, J. 2011. Mass queen bee rearing and
multiplication of honey bee colonies. All India Co-ordinated project on honey bees and
pollinators, ICAR, HAU, Hisar, p70.
2. Graham, J M (1992) The hive and the honey bee. Dadant and Sons, Hamilton, IIIinois.
3. Gupta, J K. 2010.Management in autumn season. In ―OAPI-012 Management of honey
bee colonies; Seasonal and specific management (Block 2), Indira Gandhi National open
university, school of Agriculture, New Delhi, UNIT-IV, pp 34-40, p 105.
4. Gupta, J K. 2010.Management in monsoon season. In ―OAPI-012 Management of honey
bee colonies; Seasonal and specific management (Block 2), Indira Gandhi National open
university, school of Agriculture, New Delhi, UNIT-III, pp 26-33, p 105.
5. Gupta, J K. 2010.Management in summer. In ―OAPI-012 Management of honey bee
colonies; Seasonal and specific management (Block 2), Indira Gandhi National open
university, school of Agriculture, New Delhi, UNIT-II, pp 15-25, p 105.
6. Gupta, J K. 2010.Management in winter. In ―OAPI-012 Management of honey bee
colonies; Seasonal and specific management (Block 2), Indira Gandhi National open
university, school of Agriculture, New Delhi, UNIT-V, pp 41-50, p 105.
7. Gupta, J K. 2010.Spring management of honey bee colonies. In ―OAPI-012 Management
of honey bee colonies; Seasonal and specific management (Block 2), Indira Gandhi
National open university, school of Agriculture, New Delhi, UNIT-I, pp 5-14, p 105.
8. Gupta, J.K., Sharma, H K and Thakur, R K. 2009. Practical Manual on Beekeeping.
Department of Entomology and Apiculture, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture
and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, p 83.
9. Mishra R.C. (1995) Honey bees and their management in India. ICAR Publication, New
Delhi.
10. Singh, S. (1971) Beekeeping in India, ICAR publication.
PPR-322 Insect Pests of Vegetable, Ornamental and Spice Crops 3 (2+1)
Theory: Economic importance of insects in vegetable, ornamental and spice crops -ecology and
pest management with reference to these crops. Pest surveillance in important vegetable,
ornamental and spice crops. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management
of important insect-pests affecting vegetable, ornamental and spice crops. Important storage
insect-pests of vegetable, ornamental and spice crops, their host range, bio-ecology, injury and
integrated management. Insect –pests of processed vegetables and ornamental crops, their host
range, bio-ecology, injury and integrated management. Insecticidal residue problems in
vegetables and ornamental crops, tolerance limits etc.
Practical:
97
Study of symptoms, damage, collection, identification, preservation, assessment of
damage/population of important insect-pests affecting vegetable, ornamental and spice crops in
field and during storage.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. General — economic classification of insects; ecology and pest surveillance with
reference to vegetable, ornamental and spice crops
2. IPM : Definition and concept
3. Definition and terminology of entomological words and causes for insect
assuming pests status
4. Polyphagous pests and their management of vegetable, ornamental and spice
crops
5. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of tomato
6. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of brinjal
7. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of okra
8. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of cucurbits
9. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of cole crops
10. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of potato
11. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of sweet potato
12. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of onion and garlic
13. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of pea
14. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of cardamom and Large cardamom
15. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of chilli and black paper
16. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of black paper
17. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of turmeric and ginger
18. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of coriander and cumin
19. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of fennel and fenugreek
20. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of clove
21. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of rose
22. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
98
pest of tuberose
23. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of jasmine
24. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of marigold and hollyhock
25. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of chrysanthemum
26. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of lily
27. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of carnation
28. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, integrated management of insect-
pest of gladiolus
29. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, management of important insect
pests attacking stored product of vegetable crops
30. Distribution, host range, bio-ecology, injury, management of important insect
pests attacking stored product of ornamental and spice crops
31. Find out tolerance limits of insecticide in vegetable crops
32. Find out tolerance limits limit of insecticide in ornamental crops
33. Find out tolerance limits limit of insecticide in spice crops
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Collection, Identification and preservation of important insect-pests of vegetable
crops
2. Collection, Identification and preservation of important insect-pests of
ornamental crops
3. Collection, Identification and preservation of important insect-pests spice crops
4. Collection & study of damage symptoms caused by insect-pests of vegetable
crops
5. Collection & study of damage symptoms caused by insect-pests of ornamental
and spice crops
6. Study of important predators & parasites of important insect-pests of vegetable
crops
7. Study of important predators & parasites of important insect-pests of ornamental
& spice crops
8. Study of life cycle of important insect-pests of vegetable crops
9. Study of life cycle of important insect-pests of ornamental crops
10. Study of life cycle of important insect-pests of crops spice
11. Study of damage caused by stored product insect-pests of vegetable, ornamental
& spice crops
12. Calculation of spray formulations of insecticides solution
13. Calculation of Dust formulations of insecticides
14. Study of spraying and dusting Equipment’s
15. Collection, Identification and preservation of important insect-pests of vegetable
crops
99
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Atwal, A.S. and G.S. Dhaliwal (2010): Agriculture Pests of South East Asia and Their
Management, Kalyani Publisher Ludhiana pp616
2. Awasthi, V.B. (2011) Agricultural insect and pest and their control. Scientific Publisher
Jodhpur pp267
3. Mathur, Y.K. and K.D. Upadhyay (2005): A Text Book of Entomology (Fifth Edition):
Aman Publishing house, Meerut pp388
4. Panwar,V.P.S.(200) Agriculture insect pest of crops and their control. Kalyani Publisher
Ludhiana pp402
5. Ramesh, P., (1994) Pest of floriculture crops and their control.Kalyani Publisher
Ludhiana pp205.
6. Reddy, P. P. (2009): Insect, mite and Vertebrate pests and their management in
Horticultural Crops. Scientific Publisher pp384
7. Singh G., Sema, A.,AlemlaAo, M.daiho, L., Banik, S., Shitiri, M., 2012 Insect Pests and
Disease Management of Important Horticultural crops.Westville Publishing House. New
Delhi pp63
FRS-321 Breeding of Fruit and Plantation Crops 3(2+1)
Theory:
Fruit breeding - History, importance in fruit production, distribution, domestication and
adaptation of commercially important fruits, variability for economic traits, breeding strategies,
clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and its application in crop improvement – ploidy
manipulations – in vitro breeding tools for important fruits and plantation crops.
Practical:
Exercises on floral biology, pollen viability; emasculation and pollination procedures;
hybrid seed germination; raising and evaluation of segregating populations; use of mutagens to
induce mutations and polyploidy.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Dates
1. Fruit breeding - History
2. Importance of fruit breeeding in fruit production
Distribution, domestication and adaptation of commercially important
fruits, variability for economic traits, breeding strategies, clonal selection,
bud mutations, mutagenesis and its application in crop improvement –
ploidy manipulations – in vitro breeding tools for important fruits and
plantation crops.
3. Mango- Distribution, domestication and adaptation
4. Mango- variability for economic traits
5. Mango- breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis
and its application in crop improvement
6. Banana - Distribution, domestication and adaptation
7. Banana - variability for economic traits, breeding strategies, clonal
100
selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and its application in crop
improvement
8. Citrus- breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis
and its application in crop improvement
9. Citrus- variability for economic traits, breeding strategies, clonal selection,
bud mutations, mutagenesis and its application in crop improvement
10. Guava- breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis
and its application in crop improvement, variability for economic traits,
breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and its
application in crop improvement
11. Papaya-breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis
and its application in crop improvement, variability for economic traits,
breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and its
application in crop improvement
12. Pineapple-breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations,
mutagenesis and its application in crop improvement, variability for
economic traits, breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations,
mutagenesis and its application in crop improvement
13. Grape-breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis
and its application in crop improvement, variability for economic traits,
breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and its
application in crop improvement
14 Litchi-breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis
and its application in crop improvement, variability for economic traits,
breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and its
application in crop improvement
15. Ber-breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and
its application in crop improvement, variability for economic traits,
breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and its
application in crop improvement
16. Aonla -breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis
and its application in crop improvement, variability for economic traits,
breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and its
application in crop improvement
17. Pomegranate -breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations,
mutagenesis and its application in crop improvement, variability for
economic traits, breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations,
mutagenesis and its application in crop improvement
18. Datepalm -breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations,
mutagenesis and its application in crop improvement, variability for
economic traits, breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations,
mutagenesis and its application in crop improvement
19. Apple-breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis
and its application in crop improvement, variability for economic traits,
breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and its
application in crop improvement
101
20. Pear-breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and
its application in crop improvement, variability for economic traits,
breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and its
application in crop improvement
21. Peach-breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis
and its application in crop improvement, variability for economic traits,
breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and its
application in crop improvement
22. Plum-breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and
its application in crop improvement, variability for economic traits,
breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and its
application in crop improvement
23. Coconut -breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis
and its application in crop improvement, variability for economic traits,
breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and its
application in crop improvement
24. Cashewnut-breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations,
mutagenesis and its application in crop improvement, variability for
economic traits, breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations,
mutagenesis and its application in crop improvement
25. Arecanut -breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations,
mutagenesis and its application in crop improvement, variability for
economic traits, breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations,
mutagenesis and its application in crop improvement
26. Oil palm=breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis
and its application in crop improvement, variability for economic traits,
breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and its
application in crop improvement
27. Rubber-breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis
and its application in crop improvement, variability for economic traits,
breeding strategies, clonal selection, bud mutations, mutagenesis and its
application in crop improvement
28. Ploidy manipulations – in vitro breeding tools for important fruits and
plantation crops.
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Exercise Tentative
Date
1 Exercises on floral biology of citrus,
2. Exercises on floral biology of guava
3. Exercises on floral biology of pomegranate,
4. Exercises on floral biology of papaya
5. Exercises on floral biology of mango
6. Study on pollen viability of citrus, guava, pomegranate, papaya, mango
7. Emasculation and pollination procedures in citrus, guava, pomegranate
8. Hybrid seed germination
102
9. Raising and evaluation of segregating populations
10. Use of mutagens to induce mutations
11. Exercise on polyploidy
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Bose T.K, Mitra S.K & Sanyal, D. (2002.) Fruits of India – Tropical and Sub-tropical.
3rd Ed. Vols. I, II. Naya Udyog, Kolkata
2. Chadha K.L. & Pareek O.P. (1996) Advances in Horticulture. Vol. I. Malhotra Publ.
House, New Delhi.
3. Chadha K.L. & Shikhamany S.D. (1999). The Grape: Improvement, Production and
Post-Harvest Management. Malhotra Publ. House, New Delhi.
4. Janick J & Moore J.N.(1996) Fruit Breeding. Vols.I-III. John Wiley & Sons.
5. Nijjar G.S.. (1977) Fruit Breeding in India. Oxford & IBH, New Delhi
6. Radha, T. & Mathew, L. (2007). Fruit Crops. New India Publ. Agency, New Delhi.
7. Shukla, Anil Kumar, Shukla, Arun Kumar and Vashishtha, B.B.(2004) Fruit
breeding approaches and achievements, IBDC, Lucknow.
8. Singh S., Shivankar, V.J., Srivastava A.K. & Singh I.P. (2004) Advances in
Citriculture. Jagmander Book Agency.
VEG-321 Seed Production of Vegetable, Tuber and Spice Crops 3(2+1)
Theory:
Introduction and history of seed industry in India. Definition of seed and its importance.
Differences between grain and seed. Importance and scope of vegetable seed production in
India. Principles of vegetable seed production. Role of temperature, humidity and light in
vegetable seed production. Methods of seed production of cole crops, root vegetables,
solanaceous vegetables, cucurbits, leafy vegetables, bulb crops, leguminous vegetables and
exotic vegetables. Seed germination and purity analysis. Field and seed standards. Seed drying
and extraction. Seed legislation.
Practical:
Study of seed structure, colour, size, shape and texture. Field inspection of seed crops.
Practices in rouging. Harvesting and seed extraction. Germination and purity testing. Methods of
seed production in cole crops, root vegetables, bulb crops, solanaceous vegetables, cucurbits,
leafy vegetables, leguminous vegetables and exotic vegetables. Seed processing machine and
packaging. Visit to seed production units.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. History (pre &post independence history )of seed in india
2. Importance,area,production, of seed in india
3. Definition and difference between seed and grain
4. Principles of seed production (genetic and agronomic )
5. Characteristics of a good quality seeds&factors responsible for detioraration of
seed
6. Role of temperature,light,humidity,wind and rainfall in vegetable seed production
103
7. Methods of seed production (in situ and replanting)and its merits and demerits
8. Classes of seeds (breeder ,nucleous, foundation ,registered and certified seed )
9. Seed production of cabbage
10. Seed production of cauliflower
11. Seed production of knoll khol,broccoli and brussell’s sprout
12. Seed production of root crops(radish and carrot)
13. Seed production of turnip and beet root
14. Seed production of tomato and brinjal
15. Seed production of chlli and capsicum
16. Seed production ofwater melon and musk melon
17. Seed production of bottle gourd and bitter gourd
18. Seed production of ridge gourd and sponge gourd
19. Seed production of pumpkin and round melon
20. Seed production of leafy vegetables
21. Seed production of pea and cowpea
22. Seed production of snap bean and sem
23. Seed production of exotic vegetables
24. Seed sampling main objectives, and its analysis
25. Physical purity analysis
26. Seed germination test and different methods
27. Field and seed standards of different crops
28. Seed viability tests
29. Different methods of seed drying
30. Seed extraction and different methods
31. Seed legislation
32. New seed policies
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Study of seed structure (dicot and monocot)
2. To study seed colour, size shape and texture
3. To study field inspection of seed crops
4. Practice of rouging in seed crops
5. To study Harvesting and maturing indices of seed crops
6. To study different seed extraction methods of vegetable crops
7. To study the germination of seed crops
8. To study the physical purity o f seed crops
9. To study the method of seed production in cole crops
10. To study the method of seed production in root crops
11. To study the method of seed production in bulb crops
12. To study the method of seed production in solanaceous crops
13. To study the method of seed production in cucurbits crops
14. To study the method of seed production in leafy vegetables
15. To study different seed processing machines
104
SUGGESTED READINGS 1. Bose TK, Som MG & Kabir J. (Eds.). 2002. Vegetable Crops. Naya Prokash.
2. Hazra P & Som MG. (Eds.). 1999. Technology for Vegetable Production and
Improvement. Naya Prokash.
3. Rai, N. and Yadav, R.S. (2005). Advances in Vegetable Production. Research Book
Centre, New Delhi.
4. Singh, Nempal, Singh, D.K., Singh, Y.K. and Kumar, Virendra. (2006). Vegetable Seed
Production Technology. IBD Publications.
5. Arya, P.S. Vegetable Seed Production: Principles. Kalyani Publications.
6. Verma, T.S. and Sharma, S.C. (2000). Producing Seeds of Biennial Vegetables in
Temperate Regions. ICAR, New Delhi.
FLS-321 Breeding and Seed Production of Ornamental Crops 3(2+1)
Theory:
History of improvements of ornamental plants, objectives and techniques in ornamental
plant breeding. Introduction, selection, hybridization, mutation and biotechnological technique
for improvement of ornamental crops (rose, chrysanthemum, gaillardia, tuberose, gladiolus
jasmine, carnation, , dahlia, , bird of paradise, , orchid, Amaryllis, Bougainvillea, hibiscus, and
gerbera). Breeding for disease resistance. Development of promising cultivars of important
ornamentals. Role of heterosis and its exploitation, production of F1 hybrids and utilization of
male sterility, production of open pollinated seed (marigold, china aster, pansy, petunia,
hollyhock, calendula, stock, antirrhinum, statice and portulaca, Kochia). Harvesting processing
and storage of seeds, seed certification.
Practical: Study of floral biology and pollination in important species and cultivars. Techniques of
inducing polyploidy and mutation. Production of pure and hybrid seeds. Harvesting, conditioning
and testing of seeds. Practice in seed production methods.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. History of improvement of ornamental plants
2. Objectives of ornamental plant breeding
3. Techniques in ornamental plant breeding: introduction
4. Techniques in ornamental plant breeding: selection- mass and progeny
5. Techniques in ornamental plant breeding: pureline selection
6. Techniques in ornamental plant breeding: clonal selection
7. Techniques in ornamental plant breeding: pedigree selection
8. Techniques in ornamental plant breeding: backcross selection
9. Techniques in ornamental plant breeding: bulk and SSD method
10. Techniques in ornamental plant breeding: hybridization- types
11. Hybrids, synthetic and composite varieties
12. Techniques in ornamental plant breeding: mutation breeding
13. Techniques in ornamental plant breeding: polyploid breeding
105
Lecture Schedule: Practical
SUGGESTED READING
1. Allard, R.W.(1966) Principles of Plant Breeding.Wiley, New York
2. Chadha, K.L.and Bhattacharjee, S.K. (1995) Advances in Horticulture. (Vol-l2)
Ornamental Plants. Malhotra Publishing House, New Delhi-110 064
3. Watts. (1985) Flower and Vegetable Plant Breeding. Grower Books, London
14. Techniques in ornamental plant breeding: biotechnological techniques
15. Breeding for disease resistance- pathogenity; vertical & horizontal
resistance
16. Breeding for disease resistance- methods
17. Development of promising cultivars- roses
18. Development of promising cultivars- chrysanthemums
19. Development of promising cultivars- gladiolus
20. Development of promising cultivars- dahlia
21. Development of promising cultivars- orchids
22. Development of promising cultivars- jasmines
23. Development of promising cultivars- tuberose
24. Development of promising cultivars- marigold and other annuals
25. Development of promising cultivars- bougainvillea and hibiscus
26. Heterosis- its role and exploitation in ornamentals
27. Production of F1 hybrids and utilization of male sterility in ornamentals
28. Production of open pollinated seed
29. Harvesting, processing and storage of flower seeds
30. Seed certification
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Acquaintance with tools and equipments used in plant breeding
2. Study of pollen viability
3. Study of floral biology and pollination in chrysanthemum
4. Study of floral biology and pollination in gladiolus
5. Study of floral biology and pollination in rose
6. Study of floral biology and pollination in marigold
7. Techniques of inducing polyploidy
8. Techniques of inducing mutations
9. Practice in production of hybrid seed
10. Practice in production of pure seed
11. Harvesting and conditioning of flower seed
12. Testing of seed viability
13. Determination of seed moisture content
14. Numerical problem on seed quality testing
15. Numerical problem on inheritance of characters
106
NRM-321 Horti- Business Management 2 (2+0)
Theory:
Farm management - definition, nature, characteristics and scope. Farm management
principles and decision making, production function, technical relationships, cost concepts,
curves and functions – factors, product, relationship – factors relationship, product relationship,
optimum conditions, principles of opportunity cost-equi-marginal returns and comparative
advantages, time value of money, economic of scale, returns to scale, cost of cultivation and
production, break even analysis, decision making under risk and uncertainty. Farming systems
and types. Planning – meaning, steps and methods of planning, types of plan, characteristics of
effective plans. Organizations – forms of business organizations, organizational principles,
division of labour. Unity of command, scalar pattern, job design, span of control responsibility,
power authority and accountability. Direction – guiding, leading, motivating, supervising,
coordination – meaning, types and methods of controlling – evaluation, control systems and
devices. Budgeting as a tool for planning and control. Record keeping as a tool of control.
Functional areas of management – operations management – physical facilities, implementing
the plan, scheduling the work, controlling production in terms of quantity and quality. Materials
management – types of inventories, inventory costs, managing the inventories, economic order
quantity (EOQ). Personnel management – recruitment, selection and training, job specialization.
Marketing management – definitions, planning the marketing programmes, marketing mix and
four P’s. Financial management – financial statements and rations, capital budgeting. Project
management – project preparation evaluation measures.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Farm management - definition, nature, characteristics and scope.
2. Farm management principles and decision making.
3. Production function, technical relationships.
4. Cost concepts, curves and functions - factors, product.
5. Relationship — factors relationship, product relationship, optimum
conditions.
6. Principles of opportunity cost-equi-marginal returns and comparative
advantages.
7. Time value of money.
8. Economic of scale, returns to scale.
9. Cost of cultivation and production.
10. Break even analysis, decision making under risk and uncertainty.
11. Farming systems and types.
12. Planning — meaning, steps and methods of planning, Types of plan,
13. Characteristics of effective plans.
14. Organizations — forms of business organizations, organizational
principles, division of labour.
15. Unity of command, scalar pattern, job design, span of control
responsibility.
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16. Power authority and accountability. Direction-guiding,
17. Leading, motivating, supervising, coordination-meaning
18. Types and methods of controlling-evaluation
19. Control systems and devices
20. Budgeting as a tool for planning and control
21. Record keeping as a tool of control
22. Functional areas of management-operations management-physical
facilities, implementing the plan
23. Scheduling the work, controlling production in terms of quantity and
quality
24. Materials management - types of inventories, inventory costs
25. Managing the inventories, economic order quantity (EOQ).
26. Personnel management — recruitment, selection and training, job
specialization.
27. Marketing management — definitions, planning the marketing
programmes
28. Marketing mix and four P's.
29. Financial management-financial statements and rations, capital
budgeting.
30. Project management-project preparation
31. Evaluation measures.
SUGGESTED READING
1. Basava, K. D. 2007. Micro Economics. Vidhyavahini Prakashan, New Delhi.
2. Bhushan, Y.K. 2008. Fundamentals of Business organization and management. Sultan
Chand & Sons, Educational publishers, New Delhi.
3. Chadha, K.L.;Singh, A.K. and Patel, V.B. 2011. Horticulture to Horti-Business.
Westville Publishing House, New Delhi.
4. Dewett, K. K. and Verma, J.D. 2006. Elementary Economics Theory. S. Chand and
company, New Delhi.
5. Kotler, Philip and Keller, K.L. 2007. Marketing Management. Prantice-Hall of India
Pvt.Ltd.
6. Makchau JP & Malcolm LR. 1986. Economics of Tropical Farm Management.
Cambridge University.
7. Reddy, S.S.; Ram, P.R.; sastry, T.V.N. and Devi, I.B. 2005. Agricultural Economics.
Oxford & IBH publication Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
8. Upton M. 1976. Agricultural Production and Resource Use. Oxford Univ. Press.
BAS-321 Entrepreneurship Development and Communication Skills 2 (1+1)
Theory:
Communication Skills: Structural and functional grammar; meaning and process of
communication, verbal and non-verbal communication; listening and note taking, writing skills,
oral presentation skills; field diary and lab record; indexing, footnote and bibliographic
108
procedures. Reading and comprehension of general and technical articles, précis writing,
summarizing, abstracting; individual and group presentations, impromptu presentation, public
speaking; Group discussion. Organizing seminars and conferences. Entrepreneurship
Development: Assessing overall business environment in the Indian economy. Overview of
Indian social, political and economic systems and their implications for decision making by
individual entrepreneurs. Globalisation and the emerging business / entrepreneurial
environment. Concept of entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial and managerial characteristics;
managing an enterprise; motivation and entrepreneurship development; importance of planning,
monitoring, evaluation and follow up; managing competition; entrepreneurship development
programs; SWOT analysis, Generation, incubation and commercialization of ideas and
innovations. Government schemes and incentives for promotion of entrepreneurship.
Government policy on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) / SSIs. Export and Import Policies
relevant to horticulture sector. Venture capital. Contract farming and joint ventures, public-
private partnerships. Overview of horti inputs industry. Characteristics of Indian horticultural
processing and export industry. Social Responsibility of Business.
Practical:
Listening and note taking, writing skills, oral presentation skills; field diary and lab
record; indexing, footnote and bibliographic procedures. Reading and comprehension of general
and technical articles, précis writing, summarizing, abstracting; individual and group
presentations.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Communication skills: Structural and functional grammar, Meaning and process
of communication, Verbal and non-verbal communication,
2. Listening and note taking, Writing skills, Oral presentation skills,
3. Field diary and lab record, Indexing, Footnote and bibliographic procedures,
Reading and comprehension of general and technical articles,
4. Précis writing, Summarizing, Abstracting, Individual and group presentations,
5. Impromptu presentation, Public speaking, Group discussion. Organising seminars
and conferences
6. Entrepreneurship development: Assessing overall business environment in the
Indian economy, Overview of Indian social, political and economic system and
their implications for decision making by individual entrepreneurs, Globalisation
and the emerging business/ entrepreneurial environment,
7. Entrepreneurship development: Concept of entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial and
managerial characteristics, Managing an enterprise
8. Motivation and entrepreneurship development
9. Importance of planning, monitoring, evaluation and follow up
10. Managing competition. Entrepreneurship development programmes
11. SWOT analysis, Generation, incubation and commercialization of ideas and
innovations
12. Government schemes and incentives for promotion of entrepreneurship.
Government policy on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)/SSIs.
13. Export and Import Policies relevant to horticulture sector. Venture capital.
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Contract farming and joint ventures. Public private partnership
14. Overview of horti inputs industry. Characteristics of Indian horticultural
processing and export industry.
15. Social responsibility of Business
Lecture schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Listening skills
2. Not taking skills
3. Writing skills
4. Oral presentation skills
5. Field diary
6. Lab record
7. Indexing,
8. footnote and bibliographic procedures
9. Reading and comprehension of general articles
10. Reading and comprehension of technical articles
11. Precis writing
12. Summarizing
13. Abstracting
14. Indi visual presentation
15. Group presentation
SUGGESTED READING
1. Dahama, O.P. and Bhatnagar, O.P. 2009. Education and Communication for
Development. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Govind, Santha, Tamilselvi, G. and Menambigai, J. 2011. Extension Education and Rural
Development. AGROBIOS (INDIA) Publisher, Jodhpur.
3. Ray, G.L. 1981. Extension, Communication and Management. Naya Prokash, Calcutta.
4. Sandhu, A.s. 1993. Textbook on Agricultural Communication: Profess and Mithods.
Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
5. Supe, S.V. 1990. An Introduction to Extension Education. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
PHT-321 Processing of Horticultural crops 3(1+2)
Theory:
Importance and scope of fruit and vegetable preservation industry in India, food pipe line, losses
in post-harvest operations, unit operations in food processing. Principles and guidelines for the
establishment of processing units. Principles and methods of preservation. Preservation by heat,
canning and bottling of fruits and vegetables. Methods of preparation of juices, squashes, syrups,
cordials and fermented beverages. Jam, jelly and marmalade. Preservation by sugar and
chemicals, candies, crystallized fruits, preserves chemical preservatives, preservation with salt
and vinegar, pickling, chutneys and sauces, tomato and mushrooms, freezing preservation.
110
Drying & dehydration of fruits & vegetables, spoilage in processed foods, quality control of
processed products, Govt. policy on import and export of processed fruits. Food laws.
Practical:
Equipment used in food processing units. Physico-chemical analysis of fruits and vegetables.
Canning of fruits and vegetables, preparation of squash, RTS, cordial, syrup, jam, jelly,
marmalade, candies, preserves, chutneys, sauces, pickles (hot and sweet). Dehydration of fruits
and vegetables, tomato products, dehydration, refrigeration and freezing, cut out analysis of
processed foods. Visit to processing units.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. Importance and scope of fruit and vegetable preservation industry in India
2. food pipe line, losses in post-harvest operations
3. unit operations in food processing
4. Principles and guidelines for the establishment of processing units
5. Principles and methods of preservation
6. Preservation by heat
7. Canning process
8. Juice extractions and its clarification
9. Methods of preservation of fruit juice and Preparation of fruit beverages
such as RTS, cordial squash etc.
10. Role of sugar and pectin in processed products, preparation of jam, jelly,
marmalades, preserve, candy, crystallized fruit.
11. Preservation by chemical preservatives
12. preservation with salt and vinegar, pickling, chutneys and sauces
13. Processed products of tomato.
14. freezing preservation.
15. Drying & dehydration of fruits & vegetables
16. spoilage in processed foods
17. Quality control of processed products, Govt. policy on import and export
of processed fruits. Food laws.
Lecture Schedule: Practical
S. No. Topic Tentative
Date
1. To become acquint with processing machines and equipments in the processing
unit.
2. Estimation of TSS of fruits/ vegetables
3. Estimation of acidity of fruits/ vegetables
4. Estimation of ascorbic acid content of fruits/ vegetables
5. Extraction of juice/ pulp from seasonal fruit and its preservation.
6. Calculation of ingredients for processed products
7. Preparation of orange squash
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8. Preparation of lime squash
9. Preparation of guava based RTS
10. Preparation of lime juice cordial
11. Preparation of apple jam
12. Preparation of papaya jam
13. Preparation of guava jelly
14. Preparation of aonla candies
15. Preparation of tomato chutneys
16. Preparation of fermented pickles of radish
17. Preparation of garlic pickle in vinegar
18. Preservation of onions in vinegar
19. Solar drying of leafy vegetables (methi)
20. Freezing of peas
21. Preparation of tomato ketchup
22. Preparation of salsa sauce of bell paper/ capsicum
23. Preparation of aonla jam
24. Preparation of grape wine
25. Osmotic dehydartion of grapes
26. Visit to processing units
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. R.P. Srivastava & Sanjeev Kumar. Fruit & Vegetable Preservation: Principles and
Practices, 3rd
Edition, International Book Distributing Co., Lucknow.
2. Girdhari Lal, G.S. Siddappaa and G.L. Tandon. Preservation of fruits & vegetables,
ICAR, New Delhi.
3. Manoranjan Kalia & Sangita Sood. Food Preservation and Processing, Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiana.
4. Cruess, W.V. Commercial fruit and vegetable products. Mc Graw Hill Book Co. Inc,
New York.
PROFESSIONAL PACKAGES (For VII & VIII Semester)
Protected Cultivation of High Value Horticultural Crops
S. No. Activity
1. Visit to commercial polyhouses, Project preparation and planning. Specialised lectures
by commercial export house
2. Study of designs of green- house structures for cultivation of crops
3. Land preparation and soil treatment
4. Planting and production:
i. Cultural management including soil/media management in poly houses
ii. Fertigation and irrigation management
iii. Integrated Pest Management
iv. Harvesting and post harvest management; certification and
distribution
v. Cost of production
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5. Visit to export houses; market intelligence; marketing of produce; cost analysis;
institutional management
6. Report writing and viva-voce
Duration = 14 weeks
Nursery Production and Management
S. No. Activity
1. Project preparation
2. Nursery registration, methodology and certification
3. Establishment and management of plant propagating structures
4. Establishment of progeny blocks, identification of mother plants and maintenance of
bud wood bank
5. Procurement of inputs (pots, polythene, FYM etc.)
6. Techniques and environ management for large scale production
7. Packaging and selling of plant material
8. Working out economics
Duration: 14 weeks
Post Harvest Technology and Value-Addition
S. No. Activity
1. Design and project formulation
2. Design and lay out of pilot plant, cold store, grading – packing line, cool chain
3. Pre harvest practices to extend shelf life.
4. Quality standards of fruits and vegetables for processing
5. Procurement of raw material, inventory control
6. Post harvest handling; grading; packaging; cool chain transportation and storage of
fresh produce
7. Processing (juice/pulp extraction, concentration, product preparation; dehydration;
waste management; In-plant quality control)
8. Packaging (bottling, corking, sealing, labelling, aseptic packaging, storage)
9. Quality laboratory exercises, quality assurance, analytical tools, hygiene, machinery
maintenance, HACCP, International standards, FPO Licence, PFA standards, codex
laws
10. Sales promotion, certification, distribution and marketing, banking, finance and
institutional management
11. Work experience in food processing plant
Duration = 14 weeks
Floriculture and Landscape Gardening
S. No. Activity
113
1. Preparation of project report, soil and water analysis, preparation of land and layout.
2. Production and Management of commercial flowers
3. Harvesting and post harvest handling of produce
4. Marketing of produce
5. Cost Analysis
6. Institutional Management
7. Visit to Flower growing areas and Export House
8. Attachment with private landscape agencies
9. Planning and designing, site analysis, selection and use of plant material for
landscaping
10. Formal and informal garden, features, styles, principles and elements of landscaping
11. Preparation of landscape plans of home gardens, farm complexes, public parks, institutions,
high ways, dams and avenues.
12. Making of lawns, use of software in landscape,
13. Making of bouquets, button hole, wreath, veni and gazaras, car and marriage places
14. Dry flower Technology (identification of suitable species, drying, packaging and forwarding
techniques)
Duration = 14 weeks