Animal SystemsSydney Taylen Cole Jessica Garrett,

Obtaining Food

Filter Feeders – filter feeders catch algae and small animals by using modified gills as nets to filter food items out of the water.

Detritivores- feed on detritus often obtaining extra nutrients from the bacteria, algae and other microorganisms that grow on and around it. **Detritus- made up of decaying bits of plant and animal material.**

Carnivores – eating other animals.Herbivores- eating plants or parts of plants.Nutritional Symbionts- * Symbiosis- the

dependency of one species on another. Many animals rely upon symbiosis for their nutritional need. *

1) parasitic symbionts- parasites live within or on a host organism where they feed on tissues or blood and other body fluids. 2) mutualistic symnionts- both participants benefit.

RespirationTeah, Angela, Megan, Brandon

Characteristics All Animals HaveGas diffusion & membranesRequirements for repertory systems One can actively pump carbon dioxide across

membranes.

Respiratory Surfaces of Aquatic AnimalsRely on diffusion of oxygen and carbon

dioxide through their outer body coveringExchange gasses through gills Have capillaries(inside gills) pump water out

gills

Respiratory Surfaces of Terrestrial AnimalsThey have to keep their respiratory

membranes moist in dry environmentsThey include skin, mantel cavities, book

lungs, and tracheal tubes

Respiratory Surfaces In Land Invertebrates Skin, mantel cavities, book lungs, tracheal

tubesDifferent strategies Earthworms, snails

Lung Structure in Vertebrates LungsBreathing adaptionsInhale oxygen through trachea exhale

through capillaries but release carbon dioxide

Open Circulatory System. Blood is only partially contained within a

system of blood vessels as it travels through the body

One or more hearts pump blood through vessels that empty into a system of sinuses

•Closed Circulatory System-Blood circulates entirely within blood vessels that extend throughout the body-A heart forces blood through vessels and nutrients reach body tissues by diffusing across capillaries

• Single-Loop Circulation-A single pump that forces blood around

the body in one direction -The ventricle pumps blood out of the

heart-(fish)

• Double-Loop Circulation -Uses lungs for respiration -Double-loop. Two pump circulatory system -(Mammals)

Mammalian Heart- Chamber Evolution Four chambered hearts Found in modern animals- Goes in one side, out the other

27.4 Excretion By: Nick Androsky Katelyn Stebner

Erkia WakefeildZachary Farmakes

How do animals manage toxic nitrogenous waste? Store it until they can do one of the followingEliminate ammonia from the body quicklyConvert the nitrogenous into other less toxic

compounds

How do aquatic animals eliminate wastes?Salt Water Fish : Lose water through osmosis

and salt diffuses into them – Little concentrated urine

Fresh Water Fish : - Water goes in through osmosis, salt diffuses out

How do land animals remove waste while conserving water? Invertebrates - Produce urine in nephridia, convert ammonia into uric acid

Vertebrates – mammals and land amphibians convert ammonia into urea, most reptiles and birds ammonia is converted into uric acid