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8/11/2019 Sybex CCNA 640-802 Chapter 11
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Sybex CCNA 640-802Chapter 11: VLANs Instructor & Todd Lammle
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Chapter 11 Objectives
The CCNA Topics Covered in this chapterinclude:
What is a VLAN? VLAN Memberships VLAN links Frame tagging VTP, RSTP,PVSTP, 802.1q Trunking Configuring VLANs Inter-VLAN Communication Configuration examples
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Virtual LANs (VLANs)
Definition: A logical grouping ofnetwork users and resourcesconnected to administratively defined
ports on a switch. Smaller broadcast domains Organized by:
Location Function Department Application or protocol
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Switches
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Features of VLANs
Simplify network management Provides a level of security over
a flat network Flexibility and Scalability
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Broadcast Control
Broadcasts occur in everyprotocol
Bandwidth & Broadcasts
Flat network
VLANs & Broadcasts
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Flat Network Structure
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Switched Network
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Security
Flat network problems
VLANs
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Flexibility & Scalability Layer-2 switches only read frames
Can cause a switch to forward allbroadcasts
VLANs Essentially create broadcastdomains
Greatly reduces broadcast traffic
Ability to add wanted users to a VLANregardless of their physical location Additional VLANs can be created when
network growth consumes morebandwidth
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Physical LANs Connected To A Router
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VLANs Remove The PhysicalBoundary
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VLAN Memberships
Static VLANs Typical method of creating VLANs Most secure
A switch port assigned to a VLAN always
maintains that assignment until changed Dynamic VLANs
Node assignment to a VLAN is automatic MAC addresses, protocols, network addresses,
etc VLAN Management Policy Server (VMPS)
MAC address database for dynamic assignments MAC-address to VLAN mapping
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Identifying VLANs
Access links A link that is part of only one VLAN
Trunk links Carries multiple VLANs
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Identifying VLANs (cont.)
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Frame Tagging
Definition: A means of keepingtrack of users & frames as theytravel the switch fabric & VLANs
User-defined ID assigned to eachframe
VLAN ID is removed before
exiting trunked links & accesslinks
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VLAN ID Methods
Inter-Switch Link (ISL) Cisco proprietary
FastEthernet & Gibabit Ethernetonly IEEE 802.1q
Must use if trunking between Cisco& non-Cisco switch
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Inter-Switch Link (ISL)Protocol
Definition: A means of explicitlytagging VLAN information ontoan Ethernet frame
Allows VLANs to be multiplexedover a trunk line
Cisco proprietary External tagging process
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VLAN Trunk Protocol (VTP)
Purpose: to manage allconfigured VLANs across aswitch internetwork & maintainconsistency
Allows an administrator to add,delete, & rename VLANs
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VTP Benefits
Benefits Consistent configuration Permits trunking over mixed
networks Accurate tracking Dynamic reporting Plug-and-Play
A VTP server must be created tomanage VLANs
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VTP Modes
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VTP Modes of Operation
Server Default for all Catalyst switches Minimum one server for a VTP domain
Client Receives information + sends/receives
updates Cannot make any changes
Transparent Does not participate in a VTP domain
but forwards VTP advertisements Can add/delete VLANs Locally significant
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Router with Individual VLANassociations
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Routing Between VLANs
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Configuring VLANs
Creating VLANs Assigning Switch Ports to
VLANs Configuring Trunk Ports Configuring Inter-VLAN
routing
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Creating VLANs
S1#config tS1(config)#vlan ?
WORD ISL VLAN IDs 1-4094internal internal VLAN
S1(config)#vlan 2
S1(config-vlan)#name SalesS1(config-vlan)#vlan 3S1(config-vlan)#name MarketingS1(config-vlan)#vlan 4S1(config-vlan)#name Accounting
i i S i h
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Assigning Switch Ports toVLANs
S1#config tS1(config)#int fa0/3S1(config-if)#switchport mode accessS1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 3
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Configuring Trunk Ports2960 (802.1q)S1#config t
S1(config)#int fa0/8S1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
3560 (ISL or IEEE 802.1Q)Core(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation?
dot1q Interface uses only 802.1qtrunking encapsulation when trunkingisl Interface uses only ISL trunking
encapsulation when trunkingnegotiate Device will negotiatetrunking encapsulation with peer oninterface
Core(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulationdot1qCore(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
C fi i I VLAN
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Configuring Inter-VLANrouting
Router(config)# interface fastethernet 0Router(config-if)# no ip addressRouter(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1.1Router(config-if)# encapsulation dot1q 1Router(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0Router(config-if)# interface fastethernet 0/1.10Router(config-if)# encapsulation dot1q 10Router(config-if)# ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
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Configuring VTP
Switches are configured to beVTP servers by default.
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InterVLAN ConfigurationExample
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Example 2
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Example 3
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Example 4
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Configuring VTP
Switches are configured to beVTP servers by default.
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Configuring Switching ASample Internetwork
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2950C
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2950B
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Setting Up Trunking
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Inter-VLAN communication
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Telephony: Configuring VoiceVLANs
The voice VLAN feature enables access ports to carry IPvoice traffic from an IP phone
You can configure access ports on the switch to send CiscoDiscovery Protocol (CDP) packets that instruct an attachedCisco IP phone to send voice traffic to the switch inany of these ways:
In the voice VLAN tagged with a layer 2 CoS priority value In the access VLAN tagged with a layer 2 CoS priority
value
In the access VLAN, untagged (no layer 2 CoS priorityvalue)
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Configuring the Voice VLAN
Switch#configure tSwitch(config)#mls qosSwitch(config)#interface f0/1Switch(config-if)#switchport priority extend ?
cos Override 802.1p priority of devices on appliance
trust Trust 802.1p priorities of devices on applianceSwitch(config-if)#switchport priority extend trustSwitch(config-if)#mls qos trust cosSwitch(config-if)#switchport voice vlan dot1pSwitch(config-if)#switchport mode accessSwitch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 3Switch(config-if)#switchport voice vlan 1 0
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Written Labs and ReviewQuestions
Open your books and go through all thewritten labs and the review questions.
Review the answers in class.
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