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Expert Group MeetingDeveloping Eco-Efficient and Sustainable Urban Infrastructure in Asia
and Latin AmericaBangkok 10 to 12 February, 2009
Innovative Practices in Solid Waste Management
UNESCAP assisted
Decentralized Solid Waste Management Project Matale Municipal Council,
Sri Lanka.
K.A.Jayaratne, President, Sevanatha.
Overview of Solid Waste Management
in Sri Lanka
Amount of waste generated per day in Amount of waste generated per day in Amount of waste generated per day in Amount of waste generated per day in municipalities in Sri Lanka.municipalities in Sri Lanka.municipalities in Sri Lanka.municipalities in Sri Lanka.
Municipal Councils
Population
(2001)
Amount of waste generated per day
Metric tones 1. Colombo
642,163
675
2. Dehiwala / Mt. Lavinia 209,787 272 3. Moratuwa 177,190 150 4. Kotte 115,826 125 5. Negombo 121,933 110 6. Galle 90,934 50 7. Gampaha 9,438 20 8. Kandy 110,049 80 9. Matale 36,352 32 10. Nuwara Eliya 25,049 20 11. Badulla 40,920 20 12. Jaffna N.A. NA 13. Ratnapura 46,309 30 14. Kalmunai 105,000 50 15. Kurunagala 28,337 20
Urban waste collection and disposal methods
Door to door to collectioncommon waste bins at roadside
Collect at central points in wards as transfer stations
open dump or to a landfill site as the final disposal
Nature of Urban Waste Issue
� Disposal of solid waste haphazardly Disposal of solid waste haphazardly Disposal of solid waste haphazardly Disposal of solid waste haphazardly
� No proper strategy for urban SWM No proper strategy for urban SWM No proper strategy for urban SWM No proper strategy for urban SWM
� Lack of public awareness on SWM Lack of public awareness on SWM Lack of public awareness on SWM Lack of public awareness on SWM
� Lack of resources at local authority levelLack of resources at local authority levelLack of resources at local authority levelLack of resources at local authority level
� Poor waste handling methods in local Poor waste handling methods in local Poor waste handling methods in local Poor waste handling methods in local
authoritiesauthoritiesauthoritiesauthorities
� Lack of recognition for community based Lack of recognition for community based Lack of recognition for community based Lack of recognition for community based
options options options options
� Lack of citizens cooperationLack of citizens cooperationLack of citizens cooperationLack of citizens cooperation
� Poor law enforcementPoor law enforcementPoor law enforcementPoor law enforcement
National Strategy of Solid Waste National Strategy of Solid Waste National Strategy of Solid Waste National Strategy of Solid Waste ManagementManagementManagementManagement
Strategycomponents
(3Rs)
• ReduceReduceReduceReduce
• ReuseReuseReuseReuse
• RecyclingRecyclingRecyclingRecycling
• Final Final Final Final DisposalDisposalDisposalDisposal
Strengthening Solid Waste Management Systems by Local
Authorities
Sorting of Waste at Source
Establish Collecting Systems
Establish Collection Centres
Encourage for Reuse and Recycling
Final Disposal
Contributors
•Government•NGOs•Local Authorities
General General General General Public / Public / Public / Public /
Community Community Community Community GroupsGroupsGroupsGroups
Initiatives at Local Level
� Waste Minimization at Household Level
� Separation at Source
� Home composting
� Recyclable Material Collection Centres
� Decentralized Community based SWM
� Energy from market waste
Strategic action - 1
Awareness Awareness Awareness Awareness
� TargetsTargetsTargetsTargets� School childrenSchool childrenSchool childrenSchool children� Community Community Community Community � Trade associationTrade associationTrade associationTrade association� HouseholdsHouseholdsHouseholdsHouseholds
� MethodsMethodsMethodsMethods� Face to face Face to face Face to face Face to face � MeetingsMeetingsMeetingsMeetings� WorkshopsWorkshopsWorkshopsWorkshops� Bill boardsBill boardsBill boardsBill boards� LeafletsLeafletsLeafletsLeaflets� Video Video Video Video
Strategic action - 2
Waste separation @ source
� Targets� Households� Traders� Schools children� Waste pickers
� Methods
� Organic materials� Two baskets at source� H/H compost bin for organic� Bio gas from market waste
� Non-organic materials� Collection centers� Reuse and repair
Strategic Action Strategic Action Strategic Action Strategic Action ---- 3333Home Compost Bin for Household Waste Home Compost Bin for Household Waste Home Compost Bin for Household Waste Home Compost Bin for Household Waste
DisposalDisposalDisposalDisposal
Strategic Action Strategic Action Strategic Action Strategic Action –––– 4444Community Managed Recyclable Community Managed Recyclable Community Managed Recyclable Community Managed Recyclable
Material Collection CentresMaterial Collection CentresMaterial Collection CentresMaterial Collection Centres
Strategic Action Strategic Action Strategic Action Strategic Action –––– 5 5 5 5 Energy from Market WasteEnergy from Market WasteEnergy from Market WasteEnergy from Market Waste
Strategic action - 6
UNESCAP assisted
Decentralized Solid Waste Management Project ,Matale Municipal Council,
Sri Lanka.
Matale Municipal Council
� Located in the middle of hill country region – an elevation of 2147 ft MSL
� Area : 8.6 sq.km
� Land use –
� 61% Residential,
� 19% agriculture
� Population: 40,331
� Mixed population: Ethnic wise
� Annual growth: 1.5%
� Density : 41.55 per hec
� Urban poor: 16%
SWM by Matale Municipal Council
� Total responsibility is with Municipality
� Collection, transport, disposal, cleaning of public parks, streets, markets, drains
� 30 tons per day
� 80% collected daily
� Open dump method
� 19.7% total municipal budget
� Cost per ton 16.7 US$.
� Public Health Dept.
� 132 worker for SWM
� 29% of Municipal workforce
Challenges in SWM
� No proper citywide collection and disposal system
� shortage of experienced manpower
� 15% of workers absent daily
� Lack of funds for SWM
� No community/NGO involvement in SWM
� No payment from service receivers
� Lack of lands for waste disposal
� Haphazard waste disposal in the city – health and aesthetic problems
Key actors in the new projectKey actors in the new projectKey actors in the new projectKey actors in the new project
� Matale Municipal CouncilMatale Municipal CouncilMatale Municipal CouncilMatale Municipal Council
� UNESCAPUNESCAPUNESCAPUNESCAP
� WASTE CONCERN, Consultant, WASTE CONCERN, Consultant, WASTE CONCERN, Consultant, WASTE CONCERN, Consultant, BangladeshBangladeshBangladeshBangladesh
� CommunityCommunityCommunityCommunity
� SevanathaSevanathaSevanathaSevanatha - Urban Resource Center/
� Matale Enriched Compost (Pvt) limited Co.
Project site layout
Compost Plant
Name board at the entrance Composting facility
Composting boxes
Maturing boxes
Leachate collecting tank
Project Area
Figure 2 - Map of the Project Area
Plant Operation
� Sorting at sourceSorting at sourceSorting at sourceSorting at source� Organic &
recyclables
� Households -582
� Street hawkers -90
� Offices - 06
� Fruits/vegetable stalls, restaurants & business premises -180
Collection – door to door
The waste being collected from the households
The tractor is going to collect the waste
Sorting and mixing at Plant
Weighting and filling boxes
Measuring Temperature
Measuring moisture and turning
Sieving
Final Product and packaging
Selling product by workers
Collection of Non-degradable
Waste being collected by a worker
The bag that is used to collect non degradable waste
Non degradable waste is transported by hand carts
Sorting at the Plant
Separation of Non-degradable waste Box board Paper
TinPlastic bottlesLarge PlasticsGlass bottles
No. Cost Item Amount US$
1 Start up 1,500
2 Cost of land 2,500
3 Plant construction 26,000
4 Tools & equipments 2,300
Initial Capital cost 32,000
Operational cost per month
a. Salaries 450
b. Water, electricity, tele 52
c. Overheads, fuel, others
140
Monthly operational cost
642
Monthly Income 550
Quality of Product (test report by ITI, Sri Lanka.)
Test Test Method Test Value Limit of determinatio
n mg/kg
Total Cadmium (as Cd) mg/kg
AAS/Flame Not detected 2
Total Chromium (as Cr)
AAS/Flame 30
Total Copper (asCu) AAS/Flame 42
Total Lead (as Pb) AAS/Flame 10
Total Mercury (as Hg)
AAS/VGA Not dected 1
Total Nickel (as Ni) AAS/Flame 11
Total Zinc (as ZN) AAS/Flame 113
Innovations
� Partnership between Municipality, NGO and Community
� Waste separation at source
� Collection and sorting centers
� Extensive use of sawdust (timber waste) as moisture control material
� Handing over of operations to a small company
� Community based decentralized SWM system at city scale is possible.
Lessons learnt
� Partnership approach is possible� Waste separation at source is the key for
success. � SWM is not technical issue, it is a human
issue, (Behavior change)� People would like to pay for better
services� Small and decentralized plants work.� Political commitment is essential. � Community based is not an alternative, it
is an empowerment process.
Challenges
� Sustaining the community support
� Sustaining the political support
� Maintaining the economic sustainability (Eco-efficiency)
� Implementation at city level/scale
� High production cost and competitive market
Thank you !
