SwitzerlandConfederation=

a group of states joined together for a common

purpose

Cantons=self-governing states for all issues not reserved for the central gov’t

The Alpine RegionGiven its location, how has Switzerland maintained

its neutrality in European conflicts? (page 336)Why does Switzerland have a multilingual

population? (page 336)

Iberian PeninsulaGateway to the Mediterranean

Physical FeaturesDescribe the elevation

in Portugal in comparison to that of

Spain

Where are the Pyrenees Mountains?

What does this create in regards to France and the

rest of Europe?

GibraltarUK not willing to give up Gibraltar—Why? Naval Base and International Airport

SpainRomans named it Hispania when they conquered the

region (27BC-450AD)

Originally, an outpost trading area for the Phoenicians who sailed the Mediterranean (950-27BC)

Catholic kingdoms dotted landscape after the Roman Empire collapsed

Compare the size and location of Iberia to other European regions—why would this be valuable real estate?

Moors conquer Iberia in the 700s

AD

The Moors, an Arab-Speaking Muslim people, invaded all of Iberia from 711-1492 AD (read p. 354)

Isabella and Ferdinand united the kingdoms of Castille and Aragon to create Spain and drove the Moors out of Iberia in 1492.

The Spanish crown needed to celebrate its victory—what did they do that year?

What effects does Spain’s

Empire have on world culture?

1492—Columbus makes 1st voyage1521—Hernan Cortez conquers Aztecs1588—Spain unsuccessfully attempts to conquer Great Britain with its Armada1821-1833—New world nations declare independence from Spain1898—Spain loses control of the Philippines to the United States

Key Dates—Spanish Empire

•Dictator Francisco Franco ruled Spain from 1939-1975

•Constitutional Monarchy restored

•17 Regions are autonomous (self-governing)

•Nearly all people are Roman Catholic

•75% speak Castilian Spanish•25% speak Basque or Catalan (near the Pyrenees)

•Agriculture and tourism are major industries

Spain Today

Balearic Islands

Canary Islands

Portugal

Vasco de Gama scores a big one for Portugal

How did his voyage change world trade? (view map on p. 323)

1488—DeGama sails around Cape of Africa1500—Cabral discovers Brazil1755—Massive earthquake, tsunami, and fires destroy Lisbon (1st school of seismology formed)1822—Brazilian Independence1910—Portuguese Revolution institutes a Republic

Portugal mirrors Spain’s rise to power

PortugalPortuguese language is rooted in Latin, similar to Spanish, with Arabic influence.

Almost all are Roman Catholic

Democratic republic

Draws many immigrants

World’s leading producer of cork (see page 353)

Tourism important

*Draw a double-bubble map of Portugal and Spain to compare/contrast