Upload
griselda-dalton
View
216
Download
3
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ]
Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development
Final Meeting and Project Review
June 24th 2003, Gdansk
ARPAL Municipality of Genoa
THE GENOA CASE HISTORY
City centre: 276.278 inhabitants 28 km2 AreaUrban Territory: 603.896 inhabitants 239 km2 Area
Genoa lies in an extremely narrow, 30 km long coastal plain - highly dense urban territory
–TGenoa transport system - main characteristics
Public Transport154 million passengers in 2002 32 million Km covered785 Km bus network123 lines 2.462 stops
Modal share(6:30 a.m. - 9:30 a.m):
• Motocycles 15,1 %
• Cars 38,4 %
• Public Transport – railway 4,1 %
• Public Transport – road 42,4 %
Private Transport1402 km of streets networkcar 340.000motorcycle 95.000Taxi 869Bus 916LDV 35.000Highways (2002) : 75.058.628 vehicles in/out at the local (7) gates
SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ]
Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development ARPAL
VISUM: BASELINE SCENARIO
SUTRA DOMAIN
Private network
278 nodes;
668 links;
72 O/D zones.
(+ 9 external centroids)
Municipal Network
Provincial Network
Public network
52 PT lines;
390 stops;
72 O/D zones.
The Genoa case history
Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development
SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ]
ARPAL
“24-hour” Private O/D matrix : derived from two peak-hours matrices (6:30 - 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 - 8:00 p.m.) and adapted on the base of reliable traffic flow daily profile:
24-hr Pr O/D matrix = 3,30 * AM-peak-hour + 3.15 * PM-peak-hour
“24-hour” Public O/D matrix: data not so precise as in previous case,
(as suggested by Public Transport Agency), the two peak-hours matrices
(6:30-9:00 a.m.; 5:00-8:00 p.m.) added and result multiplied by a factor 4:
24-hr Public O/D matrix = (AM-peak-hour + PM-peak-hour)*4
Few remarks about the 24-hours simulation1. 24-hours simulations
Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development
SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ]
VISUM: Assignment and calibration 1. 24-hours simulations2. VISUM Assignment
The Genoa case history
Private Transport BASELINEVehicle-km 3,758,461Vehicle-hr 93,922Additional vehicle-hr due to congestion 30,542Vehicle-hr in jam 604
Baseline Indicators – 24-hours assignment
Public Transport BASELINEVehicle-km 54,091Vehicle-hr 12,621Passenger-km 1,617,404Passenger-hr 377,361Passenger-hr in overcrowded vehicles 29,462Congestion Rate 7.8%
ARPAL
Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development
SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ]
ARPAL
The Genoa case history
1. 24-hours simulations2. VISUM Assignment3. TREM simulations
TREM simulations
Italian fleet composition(MEET) – yr
2000
Data available on Genoa, yr
2000
Genoa case
Gasoline Pc55.45
%Diesel Pc 5.20%GPL and Natural gas Pc 1.02%Gasoline LDV 0.93%Diesel LDV 2.53%HDV 0.27%Bus 0.27%Coaches 0.27%
Motorcycles34.05
%New Technologies 0.00%
Gasoline Passenger Cars(...)
27.3
7.620.26
(...)0
00
(...)New Technologies
N/DN/DN/DN/DN/DN/DN/D
1986-1991 (ECE 15-
04)
cc<1.41
1.41<cc<2.01cc>2.01
2006-2010 (EURO4)
cc<1.41
1.41<cc<2.01cc>2.01
Electric Vehicles
PassengersLDVPassengersLDV
Fuel Cell Vehicles
PassengersLDVUrban Bus
cc<1.41
1.41<cc<2.01
cc>2.01
cc<1.41
1.41<cc<2.01
cc>2.01
Passengers
LDVPassengers
LDV
PassengersLDV
Urban Bus
1972-1977 (ECE 15-
00/01)
2006-2010 (EURO4)
Electric Vehicles
Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Fuel CellVehicles
Thanks to additional data provided by UAV and from Genoa case specific data, it was possible to
UPDATE vehicular fleet for the baseline scenario
Genoa – Baseline scenario (CO emissions)
The Genoa case history
Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development
SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ]
ARPAL
“Validation” of the TREM results:
spatially disaggregated traffic emission
through a comparison with “CORINAIR” emission coefficient:
spatially aggregated (top-down approach) traffic emission
Use of averaged emission coefficients developed by ANPA (Italian national Environmental Protection Agency) fortypical Italian urban driving cycles.
Comparison at “elementary data”:• Selected vehicle class (e.g., pre-ECE, <1.4 l)• Selected emission (e.g., “hot”, “cold”)
TREM: result analysis 1. 24-hours simulations2. VISUM Assignment3. TREM simulations
Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development
SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ]
ARPAL
The Genoa case history
1. 24-hours simulations2. VISUM Assignment3. TREM simulations
TREM: result analysis
SUTRA provided spatial disaggregation and increased accuracy compared with previously developed emission factor data sets
Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development
SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ]
ARPAL
The Genoa case history
1. 24-hours simulations2. VISUM Assignment3. TREM simulations4. ISC simulations
ISC: result analysis
Position of measuring stations compared to concentration maps from city level models
CO (traffic related, chemically inert)
Validation of dispersion model results with available measurements
Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development
SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ]
ARPAL
The Genoa case history
1. 24-hours simulations2. VISUM Assignment3. TREM simulations4. ISC simulations
ISC: result analysis
Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development
SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ]
ARPAL
The Genoa case history
Analysis of behaviours of Lisbon and Genoa facing Common ScenariosImplementation on two strongly different urban shape and texture of the same future scanarios:
Genoa
Lisbon
Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development
SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ]
ARPAL
The Genoa case history
Transportation system response to CSs:
0
1
2
3
Baseline SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4
0
1
2
3
Baseline SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Baseline SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4
2) Ratio between Lisbon and Genoa
The “linear” town reacts in a more rigid way to exogenous pushes than the distributed town, this reflects in time spent to cover a km of network
1) Variation in time spent to cover a kilometer
-In conditions of traffic congestion
-In traffic Jams
- Total
Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development
SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ]
ARPAL
The Genoa case history
Traffic emissions forecasted in CSs:
CO GenoaLisbon Pm GenoaLisbon
CO2 GenoaLisbon SO2 GenoaLisbon
NOx GenoaLisbon VOC GenoaLisbon
Emission indicators have similar behaviour to transportation indicators, with specific patterns according to single pollutants
CO Lisbon
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
BASELINE CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4
CO Genoa
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
BASELINE CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4
CO2 Lisbon
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
BASELINE CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4
CO2 Genoa
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
BASELINE CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4
NOx Lisbon
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
BASELINE CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4
NOx Genoa
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
BASELINE CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4
Pm Lisbon
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
BASELINE CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4
Pm Genoa
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
BASELINE CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4
SO2 Genoa
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
BASELINE CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4
SO2 Lisbon
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
BASELINE CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4
VOC Lisbon
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
BASELINE CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4
VOC Genoa
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
BASELINE CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4
Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development
SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ]
ARPAL
The Genoa case history
Dispersion modeling in the two cities: City scale dispersion models:
Concentration map for CO on the whole urban area of Genoa
Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development
SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ]
ARPAL
The Genoa case history
Dispersion modeling in the two cities: Urban Canyon models
Dispersion 3-D map on the Lisbon Hot Spot
Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development
SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ]
ARPAL
The Genoa case history
Concentration of pollutants in CSs:
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
W est/East (m )
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
So
uth
/No
rth
(m
)
5 0
1 5 0
3 0 0
5 0 0
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
7 0 0 0
C O(µg.m -3)
Ou
ro S
tre
et
Pra
ta S
tre
et
Betesga Street
Already compromised areas (Hot Spot) suffer dramatically strong variations in emission levels in their peak values
Average concentrations are not directly comparable to measured data and usually underestimated
CO GenoaLisbon
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
BASELINE CS1 CS2 CS3 CS40.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
BASELINE CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4
NOx GenoaLisbon
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
BASELINE CS1 CS2 CS3 CS40.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
BASELINE CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4
Pm10 GenoaLisbon
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
BASELINE CS1 CS2 CS3 CS40.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
BASELINE CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4
Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development
SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ]
ARPAL
The Genoa case history
1. 24-hours simulations2. VISUM Assignment3. TREM simulations4. ISC simulations
ISC: result analysis
Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development
SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ]
ARPAL
The Genoa case history
Concentration of pollutants in CSs:Geometry of the AQ stations network is projected to measure hot spot data, therefore city level averages are generally underestimated
-Next refining will be analysis of values in a smaller monitored area
Fifth framework programme of the European Community Environment and sustainable development
SUTRA [ Sustainable Urban TRAnsportation ]
ARPAL
The Genoa case history
1. 24-hours simulations2. VISUM Assignment3. TREM simulations4. ISC simulations 5. VADIS simulations6. Scenario analysis7. Conclusions & Outlook
Conclusion and Outlook:
SUTRA has offered a unique opportunity to:• develop, calibrate and validate an “integrated transport & impact assessment modelling suite”; • compare the obtained results with previous experiences;• investigate future and city specific scenarios.
A particolar attention has been done to “put and keep the results in context”, being both Genoa partner (Municipal
Transport Office and Regional Environmental Agency) local operative Authorities
Among the main trade-offs of the SUTRA project: • implementation of an operative transport model (that became the local standard);• synergy bewteen transport and environmental Authorities, as well as other UE partners;• disaggregation and detailed studies of local “hot-spot” for the main transport related pollutants ( recent EU “air quality” directives)