SUSY Dark Matter at Future Collider Experiments · at Future Collider Experiments Werner Porod IFIC-CSIC Cosmological data and dark matter candidates Neutralino LSP Gravitino LSP

SUSY Dark Matter

at Future Collider Experiments

Werner Porod

IFIC-CSIC

• Cosmological data and dark matter candidates

• Neutralino LSP

• Gravitino LSP

• Theoretical uncertainties

• Conclusions

2nd Vienna Central European Seminar ’05 1 Werner Porod (IFIC-Valencia)

Cosmological Data

No Big Bang

1 20 1 2 3

expands forever

-1

0

1

2

3

2

3

closedrecollapses eventually

Supernovae

CMB

Clusters

openflat

Knop et al. (2003)Spergel et al. (2003)Allen et al. (2002)

Supernova Cosmology Project

Ω

ΩΛ

M

ΩB = (4 ± 0.4)%

ΩDM = (23 ± 4)%

ΩΛ = (73 ± 4)%

R.A. Knopp et al., astro-ph/0309368


Supersymmetry

Symmetry between fermions & bosons

Standard Model Supersymmetry

Matter:e d d d

νe u u u⇔

e d d d

νe u u u

Gauge Sector: ⇔γ Z0 W± γ Z W±

Gravity: ⇔G G

Higgs Sector: ⇔H0 H0

γ, Z, H0d , H0

u ⇒ χ0i

W+, H+ ⇒ χ+i


Dark Matter Candidates

L. Roszkowski, astro-ph/0404052



L. Roszkowski, astro-ph/0404052

χ0i = Nij(γ, Z, h0

d , h0u)j

main parameters:

M1, M2, µ, tanβ

main interactions:

• γ - f - f , Z - f - f

• h0d - h0

d - Z, h0u - h0

u - Z

• h0d,u - Z - (h0,H0,A0)



region

No EWSB

regionbulk

focus point

rapid annihilationfunnel

co−annihilation region

m0

m1/2

mh, b→sγ

g−2

Charged LSP

L. Roszkowski, astro-ph/0404052 J. Feng, hep-ph/0509309


Bulk region

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

m [GeV]mSUGRA SPS 1a′/SPA

lR

lLνl

τ1

τ2ντ

χ01

χ02

χ03

χ04

χ±

1

χ±

2

qR

qL

g

t1

t2

b1

b2

h0

H0, A0 H±

http://spa.desy.de/spa

m0 = 70 GeV

m1/2 = 250 GeV

A0 = −300 GeV

tanβ = 10, µ > 0

dominated by lR


talk by T. Lari at ’Flavour in the era of LHC’, Nov.’05, CERN

T.T. LariLarisquarksquark flavourflavour studiesstudies withwith ATLASATLAS

FlavourFlavour WorkshopWorkshopCERN, 08/11/2005 CERN, 08/11/2005

mSUGRA events topologymSUGRA events topology

Strongly interacting sparticles (squarks, gluinos) dominate LHC production.

Cascade decays to the stable, weakly interacting lightest neutralino follows.

Event topology:

high pT jets (from squark/gluino decay)

– Large ETmiss signature (from LSP)

– High pT leptons, b-jets, τ-jets (depending on model parameters)

If sbottom or stop quarks in the decay chain: b-jets

Charm tagging impossible?

A typical decay chain:

lqq

l

g~q~

l~χ0

2~ χ0

1~

p p


talk by I. Borjanovic at ’Flavour in the era of LHC’, Nov.’05, CERN

Left squark cascade decay

qll edge qlmin edge0

(GeV)llm0 20 40 60 80 100

-1E

ven

ts/1

GeV

/100

fb

0

200

400

600

800

qlmax edge qll threshold

ll edge

0 40

Invariant mass (GeV)0 600 600 600 6000 0 0

80

SPS1a (bulk region)

m0= 100 GeV,

m1/2= 250 GeV,

A0= -100 GeV,

tan( )=10 , >0

L=100 fb-1

fast sim.

0

1

0

2~

~ ~~ χχ llqqllqq RL →→→

Gjelsten, Lytken, Miller, Osland, Polesello,ATL-PHYS-2004-007

2 SFOS lep., pT>20, 10 GeV

4 jets, pT>150,100,50,50 GeV

Meff > 600 GeV

ETmiss >max(100, 0.2 Meff)


talk by I. Borjanovic at ’Flavour in the era of LHC’, Nov.’05, CERN

Mass reconstruction

Fit results

Gjelsten, Lytken, Miller, Osland, Polesello, ATL-PHYS-2004-007

m( 10)= 4.8 GeV, m( 2

0)= 4.7 GeV,

m(lR) = 4.8 GeV, m(qL)= 8.7 GeV

m( 10) = 96 GeV

m(lR ) = 143 GeV

m(qL) = 540 GeV

m( 20) = 177 GeV

L=100 fb-1

5 endpoints measurements, 4 unknown masses


⇒ mχ01= 0.08 GeV, meR

= 0.09 GeV

e+e− → e+R e−R → e+e−χ01χ0

1

U. Martyn, hep-ph/0408226 M. Berggren, F. Richard, Z. Zhang

hep-ph/0510088


Stau Co-annihilation

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

100 150 200 250 300 350 400

ann

ihil

atio

n (

%)

m~τ (GeV)

l~=µ

~ or e~

χ10 χ1

0

χ10 τ

~

τ~ τ

~

χ10 l

~

l~ (τ

~/l~)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 4500.92

0.93

0.94

0.95

0.96

0.97

0.98

0.99

1

∆M

(G

eV)

cos2

θτ

m~τ (GeV)

∆Mcos2θτ

B.C. Allanach, G. Belanger, F. Boudjema, A. Pukhov hep-ph/0410091


Model A′ C′ D′ G′

M1/2 600 400 525 375

m0 107 80 101 113

tanβ 5 10 10 20

µ(mZ) 773 519 −663 485

mχ 242 158 212 148

meR 251 174 224 185

mτ1 249 167 217 157

∆m 7 9 5 9

ΩDMh2 0.09 0.12 0.09 0.12

Optimal√

s GeV 505 337 442 316

Error on ∆m GeV 0.487 0.165 0.541 0.132

Error on ΩDMh2 in % 3.4 1.8 6.9 1.6

P. Bambade, M. Berggren, F. Richard, Z. Zhang, hep-ph/00406010


Focus point

characterized: m0 ' O(1 − 10) TeV ⇒ |µ| ∼ O(M1,2)

0

20

40

60

80

100

150 200 250 300 350 400 450

an

nih

ilati

on

(%

)

Mχ01 (GeV)

coannihilationannihilation

t t-

b b-

WW/ZZZh,hh

B.C. Allanach et al., hep-ph/0410091

me,ν from AFB of χ0i , χ±

j

(exploiting full spin information)

G. Moortgat-Pick,

talk at Snowmass’05

F. Richard, talks at

Snowmass’05 & ILC Vienna’05


Higgs Funnel

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100010

15

20

25

30

35

GeV

ΓA

(G

eV

)

MA (GeV)

m(χ1)m(χ3)ΓAµm(lR)m(lL)m(χ2)

requires large tan β >∼ 40, important: 2mχ01' mA0



Higgs Funnel

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100010

15

20

25

30

35

GeV

ΓA

(G

eV

)

MA (GeV)

m(χ1)m(χ3)ΓAµm(lR)m(lL)m(χ2)

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

a

2M

χ10 -

MA

(G

eV

)

Mχ10 (GeV)

a(ΓA)a(Mχ1

0)a(MA)

a(2Mχ10 - MA)

a(µ)2Mχ1

0 - MA

requires large tan β >∼ 40, important: 2mχ01' mA0



Incomplete list of interesting scenarios

• M. Drees, hep-ph/0502075: LEP anomalies due to light h0,A0, gives additional funnel for mχ0

1; details of h0 scenario can be

found in A. Djouadi, M. Drees and J. L. Kneur, hep-ph/0504090

• W. de Boer hep-ph/0508108: EGRET excess of diffuse galacticγ rays, focus point like, large tanβ

• C. Boehm, A. Djouadi and M. Drees, hep-ph/9911496: lightstop co-annihilation; M. Carena et al., hep-ph/0508152: remain-ing scalars very heavy if at the same time electroweak baryoge-nesis

• H. Baer et al., hep-ph/0511034, sign(M1) = - sign(M2), requiresb-W co-annihilation → 3-body decays of χ0

2, enhanced χ02 → χ0

1γ

• . . .


NMSSM

MSSM + singlet ⇒ WNMSSM = WMSSM(µ = 0) − λSHuHd + 13κS3

additional states

• χ0i = N ′

ij(γ, Z, h0d , h0

u, S)j

• H0i (i=1,2,3), A0

i (i=1,2)

can avoid LEP bounds due to reduced couplings to Z-boson

⇒ additional possibilities to arrange for DM

• different admixtures of χ01

• additional resonances


140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300µ [GeV]

0.1

1

Ωh2

tanβ = 2

tanβ = 5

tanβ = 20

140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300µ [GeV]

0.01

0.1

1

Cha

nnel

s

VV

qq

ll

Zh

ha

λ = κ = 0.1, Aλ = 500 GeV, Aκ = 0, M2=230 GeV, Mf = 1 TeV, Af= 1.5 TeV

G. Belanger et al., hep-ph/0505142 tan β = 5


Gravitino Dark Matter

m3/2 ' O(100) GeV† ⇒ very long-lived NLSP

Ω3/2h2 =m3/2

mNLSPΩNLSPh2

Neutralinos: χ0 → Gγ, GZ, Gh0: disfavoured by BBN

Sleptons: lR → Gl3-body decays l → GlZ, GνW also constrained by BBN

† J. Ellis, K. Olive, Y. Santoso, V. Spanos ’03; W. Buchmuller, K. Hamaguchi,M. Ratz, T. Yanagida ’04; J.L. Feng, S. Su, F. Takayama ’04; J.L. Feng,B.T. Smith ’04; . . .


GMSB

light gravitino LSP, χ01 of lR NLSP

Standard thermal history of the universe:

Ω3/2h2 ' 0.11

( m3/2

100 eV

)

(

100

g∗

)

(g∗ ' 90 − 140)

Current data:ΩMh2 ' 0.134 ± 0.006 , ΩBh2 ' 0.023 ± 0.001

⇒ m3/2 ' 100 eV if DM candidate, warm dark matter

constraints from Lyman-α forest: mWDM >∼ 550 eV

(M. Viel et al., arXiv:astro-ph/0501562)

⇒ assume additional entropy production, e.g. non-standard decays

of messenger particles

(E. Baltz, H. Murayama, astro-ph/0108172; M. Fujii and T. Yanagida hep-

ph/0208191)


NLSP decays

conserved R-parity: χ01 → G γ, lR → G l (l = e, µ, τ)

decay length: O(1 m)


NLSP decays

conserved R-parity: χ01 → G γ, lR → G l (l = e, µ, τ)

decay length: O(1 m)

broken R-parity, e.g. by bilinear terms WMSSM + εiLiHu:

- neutrino data via ν-χ0i mixing without νR

- G life-time: O(1028−31) Hubble times

(required by ν data)

- lR → l ν, lR → G l

- χ01 → W± l∓, χ0

1 → Z0 ν, χ01 → h0 ν

χ01 → l+i l−j ν, χ0

1 → q q ν, χ01 → q′ q l, χ0

1 → ν ν ν

χ01 → G γ


Broken R-parity

BR(∑

i Wli)

mχ01[GeV]

100 200 300 400 500

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.125

0.15

0.175

0.2

BR(∑

ij νiτlj)

mχ01[GeV]

100 200 300 400 500

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

BR(Gγ)

mχ01[GeV]

100 200 300 400 500

10-1

5 10-2

2 10-2

10-2

5 10-3

2 10-3

10-3

m3/2 = 100 eV, n5 = 1— tan β = 10, µ > 0, - - tan β = 10, µ < 0

— tan β = 35, µ > 0, - - tan β = 35, µ < 0

M. Hirsch, W. Porod, D. Restrepo, hep-ph/0503059


Theoretical Uncertainties

• Numerical solution of the Boltzmann equations: up to 1%

• spectrum calculation, e.g. m0 = 70 GeV, m1/2 = 350 GeV,

A0 = 0, tanβ = 10, µ > 0

ISAJET 7.71 SOFTSUSY 1.9 SPHENO 2.2.2 SUSPECT 2.3

χ01 136.7 140.0 139.5 140.0

τ1 147.7 145.7 147.1 149.7eR 155.7 153.8 155.4 157.6h0 115.8 113.1 113.4 113.3

mτ1− mχ0

111.0 5.7 7.6 9.7

Ω 0.136 0.069 0.092 0.120

G. Belanger, S. Kraml, A. Pukhov, hep-ph/0502079

• missing higher order corrections

Supersymmetry Parameter Analysis (SPA) project:

http://spa.desy.de/spa


Conclusions

• LHC: model dependent statements, matches WMAP precision

• ILC: SUSY particles will be measured very precisely, matches

PLANCK precision

• ⇒ allows for cross-checks of cosmological ideas


Documents

SUSY Dark Matter at Future Collider Experiments · at Future Collider Experiments Werner Porod IFIC-CSIC Cosmological data and dark matter candidates Neutralino LSP Gravitino LSP