SustainableBuildingMaterialsSME - Green Building Encyclopaedia

Title 30/05/2013

© NGS 2009 Brian Murphy 1

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Sustainable Materials &

Methods Performance, Sourcing & Costs

(New & Refurb) 1

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Environmental Materials &


(New & Refurb) 2

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Low Carbon Materials &


(New & Refurb) 3

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Sustainable Materials for

RICS @ Self Build Performance, Sourcing & Costs

(New & Refurb) @ Swindon Self Build 4

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Sustainable Materials for

SMEs Performance, Sourcing & Costs

smart 11/02/10 5

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•  Sustainable Building Materials –  health, carbon, life.

•  what makes building materials sustainable?

•  Choice of materials is governed by a host of factors including: –  function, cost, and sustainability.

•  The seminar will help to identify the synergies between these factors

•  Answer questions such as: How does materials choice affect design and how can more sustainable materials enable more sustainable design?

•  What are the links between materials choice and the health of buildings?

•  How can sustainable materials help to protect and enhance historic buildings?

•  The necessity to consider sustainable materials is driven by a variety of factors including the need to gain additional credits as part of a Code for Sustainable Homes or Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) assessment.

•  Increasingly, some designers are seeking to use more sustainable materials to reduce end of life disposal problems. Finally, some clients just want to build with natural materials to disengage from the high energy and highly polluting industrial production of mainstream products.

•  Whatever the driver, we are going to see more sustainable materials being demanded and used in the future.

•  This seminar will provide the opportunity to learn more from the leading researchers and practitioners involved in the development and application of sustainable building materials.

•  The seminar is for Housing Association development managers, building professionals including architects and quantity surveyors, materials suppliers and purchasing managers, building contractors and anyone in the industry who wishes to know more about sustainable building materials.

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Sustainable Materials

Definitions 30/05/2013 © NGS 2009 BrianMurphy 9

Title 30/05/2013


Sustainable Eco

Green

Violet Violent Violate

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www.capem.eu‘Violet’ Materials

•  ‘Violet’ meaning:

•  ‘any material, construction product, construction method or building

•  unfriendly to humans or the environment or

•  whose performance diminishes in use or over time’

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www.capem.eu‘Violet’ Industry

•  Clients/employers, developers, designers, Quantity Surveyors, contractors, manufacturers, applicators/installers, advisory organisations, manufacturer associations

•  anyone that does not care about the environment

•  or anyone that does not act on its behalf

•  Virtually the whole industry

•  It has been changing, slowly driven by legislation

•  But far too slowly, until now……

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•  Green •  Greenies •  Light or Dark Green or Greenies •  Greenie Points: Brownie Points + Green

(all positive) •  Violet •  Light or Dark Violet •  Whitewash: cover-ups telling porkies •  Greenwash: telling green porkies

Definitions I am a shrinking Violet 1

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www.capem.euViolet Materials

•  Non-renewable, finite –  Fossil derivatives, fuel, hydrocarbons, high embodied carbon –  Petrochemical, chemicals, synthetics:

•  Paints •  Plastics (from hydrocarbons)

•  Unsustainable –  Carbon based: e.g. Fuel –  Release Carbon in manufacture or use: e.g. Cement

•  High embodied energy: e.g. energy intensive manufacture –  Metals: Aluminium (was made with renewable energy, today more gas and coal) –  Plastics –  Cement (UK uses more waste as fuel but tyres are fossil fuel)

•  Hazardous materials and hazardous waste: –  Wet, sticky , gooey or flows:

•  resins, paints, sealants, chemicals, –  Fine particulate: e.g. cement, asbestos, ceramic fibre –  Corrosive, acidic, alkali,

•  Ozone depleting & Global Warming –  Foamed plastics HFCs HFAs

Aluminium production PFCs 15

Green: Environmentally Sustainable Materials

•  Renewable: timber, •  Rapidly renewable: Plant based materials •  Abundant: Site subsoil, rocks, sand, gravel, •  Recycled & Recyclable:

–  post consumer content, •  Reclaimed & Reused: on site materials, timber not

chipboard •  Carbon already out there:

–  reclaimed bricks, slates, stone •  Carbon sequestration: low, neutral or Carbon negative:

–  Plant and timber based •  Low embodied energy: Plant based, minerals •  Local: low transport miles, fuel, emissions and congestion

Social Sustainable Materials

•  Socially responsible: Fairtrade equivalents

•  Pay the right price v plunder the world

•  Local: materials, crafts, companies, tradesmen

•  v

•  Cheap labour abroad where nobody sees or cares 17

Healthy Materials

•  Low VOC?: but not loads of other chemicals to achieve it

•  No hazardous materials in application and use

•  No hazardous waste

•  Low allergy

•  Low to Zero toxicity

•  Indoor air quality (ignored by BRE GG) 18

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Economic Sustainable Materials

•  Long term economic to maintain

•  Long term economic to run

•  Reclaimable, reusable and resalable

•  v

•  Short term cheap to build

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Sustainable Materials

Performance 30/05/2013 © NGS 2009 BrianMurphy 20

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Sustainable Thermal

Insulation

Newspaper Flax Hemp Sheep’s wool Cellulose

Construction Resources Showrooms Southwark London

Thermal Insulation Cellulose fibre Recycled Newspaper and Magazines


Thermal Insulation

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Sustainable Wall Finishes

Clay Boards Reed & Clay Clay finishes Construction Resources Showrooms Southwark London

Clay boards & finishes


Clay Finishes •  Clay Boards: Reed &

Clay,

•  Insitu clay on reed

•  Clay finish

•  Dry and harden but do not set

•  No time limits

•  Easy repairs

•  Less skill required Construction Resources Showrooms Southwark London

Clay Finishes •  Can sustain high humidity

where gypsum/paper will harbour mould –  Hygroscopic

–  Moisture Mass

–  Condensation avoidance

–  Mould avoidance

•  Thermal mass –  High density

–  Large surface area

•  Electromagnetic radiation absorption

•  Absorbs smells

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Clay finishes •  Mineral based dies

•  Non-fade

•  Bond to background

•  No flaking

•  Long life

•  Durable

•  Properties of clay plaster

•  Vapour permeable

Natural ingredient Paints Stains Oils Waxes Polishes Sealers


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•  No synthetics –  VOCs if any are natural

•  No poisons •  No chemical concoctions

–  No unexplored impacts or reactions

•  No pollutants –  Healthy career possible

•  No Hazardous waste –  Many compostable 30

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Green Materials & Construction

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New Walls: Masonry

Unfired clay and straw

Unfired clay

•  Hollow extruded clay –  Lighter weight

•  Interlocking profile –  Acoustic and airtight

•  Dry or slip clay joint

•  Hygroscopic –  Moisture mass

•  Thermal mass and lag

Unfired clay and straw

•  Simple solid block

•  Straw for reinforcement and hygroscopicity

•  Clay mortar purpend and bed joints

Cellular fired clay blocks

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Cellular fired clay blocks •  Abundant Mineral: clay

•  Fired clay cellular: easy heat penetration of thin walls

•  Cellular insulation

•  Long conduction path

•  Interlocking dry purpend

•  Mortared/adhesive bed joint

•  Thermal mass

•  Decrement delay

•  Acoustic mass

•  Low Moisture Permeable

Cellular fired clay blocks

•  Knock out pieces

•  Allow conduit runs

•  Form corners and interlocking

Thermal mass: Fired honeycomb blocks in walls and floors adds long term thermal and acoustic mass Clay board adds short term thermal mass Not high load capacity


Thermal Mass

any shape many ingredients

colours & textures

Rammed Earth Walls

thermal mass

Load-bearing but dynamic

Rammed Earth Walls •  Abundant and Natural

•  Recipe can be determined on site

•  Thermal, Acoustic & Moisture mass

•  Fire resistant

•  Load-bearing

•  Absorbs radiation, smells and moisture

•  Hygroscopic

•  any shape

•  many ingredients, colours & textures

•  Sculptural & Artistic opportunities

•  Waste disposal back to earth

•  Recyclable & Reusable

•  Needs temporary formwork

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www.capem.euAerogels

•  Minerals e.g. clay in solution •  Remove the water and you have

microscopic air cells held together by the mineral

•  Higher performance than the best foamed plastics (k value)

•  Used attached to boards or in a board sandwich

•  Wall and floor linings

•  Used in DGSU translucent glazing 42

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New Walls: Timber

Hygroscopic insulation maintain their performance even when wet Vapour and water released when conditions permit No need for VB Vapour Barrier Use vapour permeable construction 5:1 ratio vr inside:outside ATL air tightness layer


EVT Enhanced Vapour Transfer

Hygroscopic insulation maintain their performance even when wet Vapour and water released when conditions permit No need for Vapour Barrier VB Use vapour permeable construction 5:1 ratio vr inside:outside Air Tightness Layer ATL


EVT Enhanced Vapour Transfer

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We have a preoccupation with thin walls 300 mm. or less Which drives the demand for energy intensive man-made petrochemical fossil derived CFC HCFC HFC HFA foamed plastic O3 Ozone Depletion Greenhouse Gas Potential 300-600 mm. optimum insulation thickness


Thick walls, roofs and floors Optimum: 300-600 mm. deep compound rafters with Cellulose fibre insulation High density and high thermal mass cellulose fibre insulation boards in walls and floors


Cellulose Fibre Thermal mass: High thermal mass dense wood fibre insulation boards in walls and floors Acoustic unfired clay bricks in floor construction adds thermal and moisture mass Stacked dowelled wood floor


Thermal Mass

Thermal mass: High thermal mass dense wood fibre insulation boards in walls and floors Acoustic unfired clay bricks in floor construction or fired honeycomb blocks in walls and floors adds thermal mass


Thermal Mass • Compound rafters • Cellulose insulation • Acoustic brick floor • Timber floor planks • Wood fibre insulation • Timber frame walls • Timber batten clad

• Vapour balanced construction


Timber Structure

STEKO Load-bearing timber blockwork Construction Resources Showrooms Southwark London

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STEKO

Load-bearing timber blockwork

Steko “Lego for Self-builders” •  Waste from plantation thinning

•  Carbon negative –  Carbon sequestration

•  Dry Construction

•  Self-build unskilled construction

•  Fast construction (3 day house)

•  No waste on site (designed)

•  Accommodates services

•  Accommodates thermal or acoustic insulation

•  Lightweight 6kg (children too)

•  Load-bearing (designed to 7 stories)

•  Internal and external walls

•  160 mm. modules

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Cross Laminated timber shear walls floors and roofs

Cross Laminated timber shear walls floors and roofs

Cross Laminated timber walls Cross Laminated timber shear walls 1

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Sustainable Acoustic

Construction

Title 30/05/2013


Different Acoustic solutions to walls and floors Cavity and solid walls and lightweight partitions

Acoustic Separating Floor

•  Floor board/Sheet

•  Isolation felt

•  Acoustic massive unfired clay bricks laid loose

•  Perimeter coconut fibre upstand

•  Isolation felt

•  Floor deck/sheet

•  I-Joist stiff floor structure

•  Acoustic insulation in void

•  Acoustic insulation at floor edge

•  Isolation suspension fixing

•  Dense Cellulose fibre reinforced gypsum board ceiling

Acoustic Party Wall •  Blockwork cavity wall

•  Isolation rubber strip in place of mortar positioned mid floor depth to minimise flanking sound

•  Airtight plaster on both faces of room walls

•  Acoustic insulation in party wall cavity, extends into floor zone

Acoustic Intermediate Floor •  Carpet

•  Cork/rubber crumb or wood fibre sheet acoustic underlayment

•  Or Rubber sheet


•  Softwood joists

•  Close to party wall but spaced off with wedges

•  Noggins to support ceiling joints

•  2 layers dense cellulose fibre reinforced gypsum board ceiling

Intermediate Floor •  Veneered timber panel floor

boarding

•  wood fibre sheet acoustic underlay

•  wood fibre board acoustic/thermal insulation

•  wood fibre sheet acoustic underlayment and upstand

•  Stacked wood floor with acoustic absorbent slotted soffit

•  Isolation rubber strip in place of mortar positioned below and above solid timber floor to minimise vibrations transfer from floor to wall and minimise flanking sound

Intermediate Wall •  Blockwork cavity wall

•  Isolation rubber strip in place of mortar positioned below and above solid timber and insitu concrete floors to minimise vibrations transfer from floor to wall and minimise flanking sound

•  Insulation in cavity to minimise flanking sound

Intermediate Floor •  Carpet

•  Screed could contain recycled aggregates and GGBS cement

•  Damp and vapour proof membrane

•  coconut fibre sheet acoustic underlayment and upstand

•  Insitu concrete floor with fairfaced soffit

•  Isolation rubber strip in place of mortar positioned below and above insitu concrete floor to minimise vibrations transfer from floor to wall and minimise flanking sound

Acoustic Intermediate Floor •  Ceramic floor tiles

•  2 layers of underlayment


•  Softwood joists

•  Close to party wall but spaced off with wedges

•  Noggins to support ceiling board joints

•  2 layers dense cellulose fibre reinforced gypsum board ceiling

Acoustic Internal partition •  Single leaf blockwork

•  Plastered & Skirting

•  Parge coated for airtightness

•  Dense wood fibre board drylined on dabs

•  Plaster skim & Skirting

•  Battens acoustic insulation between

•  Dense cellulose fibre reinforced gypsum board

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Acoustic Intermediate Floor •  Carpet

•  Underlayment

•  Floating Floor board/Sheet

•  Acoustic insulation

•  interlocking Hollow timber beam floor

•  Acoustic insulation at wall abutment

•  Exposed soffit

Acoustic Suspended Floor •  Carpet

•  Screed could contain recycled aggregates and GGBS cement

•  Damp and vapour proof membrane

•  coconut fibre sheet acoustic underlayment and upstand


Acoustic Partition (below) •  Multi layered timber

framing acoustic isolation

•  dense cellulose fibre acoustic insulation between battens

•  dense cellulose fibre reinforced gypsum board

Acoustic Suspended Floor •  Carpet •  2 layers of underlayment

dense cellulose fibre reinforced gypsum board

•  Monolithic topping could contain recycled aggregates and GGBS cement


•  Acoustic bridge through partition

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Victorian Building Eco Energy

Upgrade

Solid Wall Construction

•  Eco Energy Refurbishment

9 in brick wall Plastered internally Cork insulation In two layers cross battens To reduce thermal Bridge through battens Drylined Skirting

Pitched roof Construction


Existing rafter zone insulated leaving 50 mm. ventilation zone Cross battens applied below rafters, batten zone insulated Plasterboard ceilings added

Suspended Ground Floor


Battens to sided of floor joists Board on battens Insulation onto boards Existing floor joist zone insulated

Suspended Upper Floor


Ceiling joists upgraded to floor joist Joist zone insulated Floor boards added Ceiling linings

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20th C Building Eco Energy

Upgrade

Cavity Wall Construction


Existing masonry cavity wall, Brick outer leaf, block inner leaf, Steel lintel thermal bridge plastered internally; Insulate cavity Internal insulation Wrap lintel Plasterboard dry lining

Pitched Roof Attic


Existing ceiling joists zone insulated Insulation laid over ceiling joists at right angles

Ground floor


Take up existing floor Lay new DPM Loadbearing Insulation on DPM Insulation upstand around perimeter New eco-concrete floor, Eco-concrete screed High density insulation board Floor finish

1960’s insitu concrete tower refurbishment External walls


1960’s insitu concrete tower refurbishment Flat roof gutter


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New Walls: Transparent

Timber Curtain Walling 1

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www.capem.eu2015

•  If we have not made significant changes by 2015

•  2050 is melt down day

•  The one planet will survive

•  Unable to support humans living a three planet lifestyle – UK average citizen

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Sourcing

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Products

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30/05/2013 © NGS 2009 BrianMurphy 107

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22/01/2009 © NGS 2006 Title 1

Costs: Obtained via GreenSpec

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Suppliers

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Fabricators

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Reclamation

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Craftsmen

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Sustainable Materials &

Costs 119

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www.capem.euQuality Lasts

•  We now think in terms of buildings lasting 25 years and make it a contract requirement – E.g. Hospitals and schools under PFI

•  Good quality buildings using durable materials last a long time – Cathedrals, stone buildings, lime mortar

– Oak framed. Durable detailing 120

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High initial cost: Higher performance, long life materials: low running costs +ve

0 Low initial cost: Lesser performance, shorter life materials: Frequent maintenance, repair, refurbishment, replacement High long term costs

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www.capem.euInvest

•  Invest in the building’s future –  Building is expensive

–  It will be, but QSs think it should be cheap

–  but can also be costly to run and maintain

–  It does not need to, QSs do not care

•  Build to last as long as the business –  Forever? Why not?

•  To incur little or no running & maintenance costs

•  To require no material replacements

•  To increase in relative value and resale ability –  because of the above

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Costs: Value for Money

•  Return on investment

•  Payback period

•  Don’t spend on Renewable Energy kit – EcoBling

•  Spend on Thermal Insulation of building and services – And incorporating them it into the building

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www.capem.euSpend

•  Spend the money on making the building cheap to run

•  Insulation Insulation Insulation

•  Thermal mass: Exploit Solar gains

•  Decrement delay: Prevent Solar gains

•  Thermal bridge avoidance

•  Air-leaky construction avoidance

•  Mechanical ventilation: unhealthy conditions avoidance –  Heat recovery

–  High efficiency >85%

–  Low running costs: 100 watt

–  Renewable energy to drive it 124

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www.capem.euGrey £

•  OAPs with pension payout money

•  Able and prepared to pay upfront costs

•  Want building with no running costs

•  Self sufficiency & Autonomy

•  Self build & Self manage

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•  Of violet products never reflect the true cost of the environmental impact of their manufacture

•  Green manufacturers embrace the environmental impacts and make low impact materials

•  The costs reflect this

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•  The extra fuel required to heat the building because the materials were replaced with a poor quality substitute

•  The carbon associated with that fuel

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•  The cost of the fuel used to make the materials in the first place

•  The carbon associated with the fuel

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•  Materials+ •  The landscape degradation and erosion

•  Loss of biodiversity

•  Waste –  materials, water and energy

•  Pollution from all activity –  To land, water and air

•  Impact on planet and occupants –  Globally, locally and internally 129

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www.capem.euInnovation Costs

•  Innovative materials are costly to develop and costly to make – early in the life of the company

•  As they invest in bigger plant to manufacture –  the costs come tumbling down

•  If we specify and use them –  the sooner they can invest 30/05/2013 130

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www.capem.euCosts •  Costs of a material is made up of many parts

•  Cost of the waste in the design –  or lack of design leading to redundant or abortive work

•  Cost of the inaccurate measurement

•  Cost of over ordering –  SMEs can be better at this

•  Costs at the factory gate

•  Cost of transport

•  Cost of waste on site –  SMEs can be better than most

•  Cost of filling the skip (efficiently avoiding 40% fresh air)

•  Cost of the removal of the skip

•  Cost of treatment of hazardous materials in the skip 131

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www.capem.euCosts to you

•  The cost at your site gate is made up of: – Costs of the materials

– Costs of the materials to you

•  SMEs get a bad deal

•  Big players command big discounts

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Reducing the costs

•  SWMP process to rationalise and reduce waste in design

•  Reduce your over-order

•  Reduce off cut waste

•  Less any take back schemes

•  Less any handed to the FM for maintenance of the building/site

•  Lees the money the contract pays you

•  Segregate the waste and make money 133

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www.capem.euSampler

•  This is a cut down version of the original file to give you a sample of the whole

•  It’s the front end of the file with the middle and rear end deleted

•  Go to www.GreenSpec.co.uk to down load the whole file

•  You will find a large number of other files there too 134

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www.greenspec.co.uk

www.capem.euFeedback

•  These files are created by generalists with a big dollop of green flavour

•  These files are updated from time to time

•  We are not experts so from time to time these file may get out of date or may be wrong.

•  If you feel that we have got it wrong please let us know so we can put it right 135

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www.capem.eu© GreenSpec

•  Brian Murphy BSc Dip Arch (Hons+Dist)

•  Architect by Training

•  Specification Writer by Choice

•  Greening up my act since 1999

•  Founder of www.greenspec.co.uk

•  E [email protected]

•  Twitter: http://twitter.com/brianspecman

•  Scribd: www.scribd.com/brianspecman 136

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SustainableBuildingMaterialsSME - Green Building Encyclopaedia