Sustainable Water Management in the Netherlands

Sustainable Water Management in the Netherlands

Luit-Jan Dijkhuis

Directorate General of Water Affairs

Contents

Current policies

Climate change water scarcity and droughts

Policy shift and waterplan 2009

Policy development on water scarcity and droughts

1976 Most severe water scarcity and droughts event in Dutch history

1985 Policy for present water scarcity and drought management

2003 Renewed attention for water scarcity and droughts

2009 National Waterplan

Priority list water scarcityCategory 4Other uses(economicconsiderations, also for nature)

• shipping• agriculture• nature (as long as no

irreversible damage isdone)

• industry• recreation• fishery

Category 1safety and preventionof irreversible damage

1. stability of dikes2. soil compaction

(peat)3. nature

(connected to soilcharacteristics)

Category 2Public utilities

1. drinking water2. energy production

Category 3small-scale use with high added value

• temporary sprinklingof capital-intensivecrops

• process water

precedes precedes precedes

Category4Other uses economicconsiderations alsofor nature

• Shipping• Agriculture• Nature (as long as no

irreversible damage isdone)

• Industry• Recreation• Fishery

Category 1Safety and preventionof irreversible damage

1. Stability of dikes2. soil compaction

(peat)3. Nature

connected to soil characteristics)(

Category 2Public utilities

1. Drinking water2. Energy production

Category 3Small-scale use withhigh added value

• Temporary sprinklingof capital-intensivecrops

-

• Process water

precedes precedes precedes

Stadium 1: Stadium 1: NormalNormal situationsituation

pre-warningDGDG--RWSRWS

pre-warningMinisterMinister

Nat.Crisis Comm.Nat.Crisis Comm.yes

yes

yes

ja

yespre-warning

LCWLCW

yesja reg

ion

al w

ater d

efi

cit

s

river

dis

ch

arg

e

Maas: 50 m3/ s

Stadium 4: (Stadium 4: (possible)possible) crisis crisis due to water deficit/heatdue to water deficit/heat

Maas: 25 m3/ sRijn: 1000 – 1400m3/ s

LCWLCW

ManagementteamWaterdeficit/ heat

Departm. Crisis Comm.Departm. Crisis Comm.

IBT Water deficit/ heatNCCNCC

Maas < 50 m3/slow Rhine discharge at hand

River discharge below criterium orwater deficit in one or more regions

situation expected to go beyond agreements

Water managementbeyond agreements

water deficit on national scale expectedfor priority 3 and 4 or

regional water deficit priority 1 and 2

water deficit on national scale at handfor priority 3 and 4 or

regional water deficit priority 1 en 2

Stadium 3: Stadium 3: water deficit/heatwater deficit/heat

Stadium 2: Stadium 2: IndicationIndication water deficit/heatwater deficit/heat

One or more regions

beyond agreement

Nationalwater deficit

Organisational and governmental upscaling Informational upscaling





yes

yes

ja

yespre-warning

LCWLCW

yesja reg

ion

al w

ater d

efi

cit

s

river

dis

ch

arg

e

Maas: 50 m3/ s


Maas: 25 m3/ sRijn: 1000 – 1400m3/ s

LCWLCW














One or more regions

beyond agreement






yes

yes

ja

yespre-warning

LCWLCW

yesja reg

ion

al w

ater d

efi

cit

s

river

dis

ch

arg

e

Maas: 50 m3/ s


Maas: 25 m3/ sRijn: 1000 – 1400m3/ s

LCWLCW














One or more regions

beyond agreement


Organisational and governmental upscaling Informational upscalingOrganisational and governmental upscaling Informational upscaling

Dutch climate scenario’sbased on IPPC climate scenario’s

Rising sealevel

Decreasing river discharge in summer

Increasing temperature and transpiration in summer

Fresh water problem

Increasing fresh water demand

Increasing saltwater intrusion

Salt water leakage

Decreasing freshwater availability

Climate change and impact on water system

Increasing sea levels

Zoetwatervraagstuk

Toenamezoutindringing

Afnamezoetwateraanbod



Salt water leakage


Rising sea level1900-2100

Increasing sea levels

Rising sealevel

Zoetwatervraagstuk





Salt water leakage


Decreasing river dischargein summer

Decreasing river discharges

Rising sealevel

Zoetwatervraagstuk




Salt water leakage



Increasing water temperatureof river RhineLobith 1900-2100

2

10.0

11.0

12.0

13.0

14.0

15.0

16.0

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 2120

+3

+4

+2

17.0

18.0

Increasing water temperature

Rising sealevel

Increasing chlorine concentration

Rivierafvoer daalt(zomer)

(zomer)

Salt water leakage





Increasing chlorine concentration (2050)

Fresh water problem

Rising sealevel

Salt water intrusion


(zomer)





Salt water in trusion N ieuwe W aterwegG ouda H ollandsche IJssel, 2050

fresh w ater supply not possib le (days/year)G o ud a (H olla nd sch e IJsse l)

T o ta le o versch r ijd ing sd u u r in d ag en (>250 m g /l; >48 u u r )

0

20

40

60

80

1 00

1 20

1 40

1 60

1 80

1 9 76 Ext ree m zo u t 4 8 69 8 9 14 3 90 1 62 10 6

2 0 03 Z ou t 4 8 47 5 5 10 1 68 1 45 7 5

1 9 96 G em id de ld zo u t 2 0 7 5 9 8 9 4 1 0

1 9 94 B ra k 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 0

2 0 02 M a tig bra k 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hu id ig (nie uw ) Hu idig (o ud ) G G + W W + Co n tro lis t (o u d)

G o ud a (H olla nd sch e IJsse l)T o ta le o versch r ijd ing sd u u r in d ag en (>250 m g /l; >48 u u r )

0

20

40

60

80

1 00

1 20

1 40

1 60

1 80

1 9 76 Ext ree m zo u t 4 8 69 8 9 14 3 90 1 62 10 6

2 0 03 Z ou t 4 8 47 5 5 10 1 68 1 45 7 5

1 9 96 G em id de ld zo u t 2 0 7 5 9 8 9 4 1 0

1 9 94 B ra k 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 0

2 0 02 M a tig bra k 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hu id ig (nie uw ) Hu idig (o ud ) G G + W W + Co n tro lis t (o u d)

= 1976

= 2003

= 1996

= 1994

Huid ig G G + W W +

Salt water leakage

Fresh water problem

Rising sealevel

Decreasing fresh water availability in 2050


(zomer)





0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

jan feb m rt apr m ei jun jul aug sep okt nov dec

afvo

er R

ijn (m

3/s)

+1 +2

G G+

W W +

Decreasing fresh water availability in 2050

Salt water leakage

Fresh water problem

Rising sealevel



(zomer)






Salt water leakage

Fresh water problem

Rising sealevel

ConclusionsConclusions

• Fresh water availability under pressure

• Before 2050 exceeding critical chloride concentrations

• Summer 2003 will be normal in 2100

• National water balance will be negative in 2100

Not Climate Proof

Pisano

Talenti

Giotto

Cathedral of Florence Bell Tower

Adaptation to Climate Change

Strategies

• Water users anticipate on water scarcity

• Measures in water system

• Desalination

• Retaining and storing fresh water in winter

Thank you for your attention

Documents

Sustainable Water Management in the Netherlands