Sustainable Water Management and Health & Safety Impacts Water

Sustainable Water Sustainable Water Management and Management and

Health & Safety ImpactsHealth & Safety ImpactsWaterWater

"Water“ is a key environmental "Water“ is a key environmental issue. issue.

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

1.1. Water Pollution ProblemsWater Pollution Problems2.2. Water Quality IssuesWater Quality Issues3.3. Water Quality MonitoringWater Quality Monitoring4.4. Data Processing and UtilizationData Processing and Utilization5.5. Water Quality ModelingWater Quality Modeling6.6. Policy Decision from Monitoring ActivitiesPolicy Decision from Monitoring Activities7.7. Program ImplementationsProgram Implementations8.8. ConclusionConclusion

1.1.Water Pollution ProblemsWater Pollution Problems• Water is a key environmental issue. Water is a key environmental issue. • There concept of sustainable development is in managing There concept of sustainable development is in managing the environment effectively and treating the environment as the environment effectively and treating the environment as a common global good (example water). a common global good (example water). • This is a basic discussion of a globally key environmental This is a basic discussion of a globally key environmental issue: WATER.issue: WATER.• Water DemandWater Demand::

• 60 % increase from 9,543 Mld in 1995 to 15,285 Mld in 60 % increase from 9,543 Mld in 1995 to 15,285 Mld in 20102010• 113 % increase from to 20,338 in 2020.113 % increase from to 20,338 in 2020.• Several parts of Malaysia experience severe water Several parts of Malaysia experience severe water shortages due to drought in 1998.shortages due to drought in 1998.

• New source works for addition supplies to meet future New source works for addition supplies to meet future needs. For e.g. water from Pahang Rivers.needs. For e.g. water from Pahang Rivers.

2. Water Quality Issues2. Water Quality Issues

(Source: DOE, 2011)(Source: DOE, 2011)











3. Water Quality Monitoring3. Water Quality Monitoring

• The demand for monitoring data is expected The demand for monitoring data is expected to grow significantly,to grow significantly,• On 1st January 1995, a national corporatised On 1st January 1995, a national corporatised private body operates the monitoring private body operates the monitoring activities based on a concession agreement activities based on a concession agreement between DOE and ASMA.between DOE and ASMA.• • In-situ measurements of more than 6 parametersIn-situ measurements of more than 6 parameters – – Turbidity, dissolved oxygen, salinity, Turbidity, dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature,temperature, pH and electrical conductivity.pH and electrical conductivity.• • Laboratory analyses of as many as 24 other Laboratory analyses of as many as 24 other chemical and Biological parameters.chemical and Biological parameters.



3. Water Quality Monitoring3. Water Quality Monitoring

3. Water Quality Monitoring3. Water Quality Monitoring10 Automatic water quality monitoring stations10 Automatic water quality monitoring stationson major riverson major rivers

• • To detect changes in river water quality on aTo detect changes in river water quality on a continuous basis.continuous basis.• • Water Quality levels violating the ambientWater Quality levels violating the ambient standard for specific parameters will bestandard for specific parameters will be transmitted real-time to DOE.transmitted real-time to DOE.• • Immediate inspection will be conducted atImmediate inspection will be conducted at suspected sites.suspected sites.• • Currently installed at sensitive locationsCurrently installed at sensitive locations including upstream of water abstraction points.including upstream of water abstraction points.


3. Water Quality Monitoring3. Water Quality Monitoring10 Automatic water quality monitoring stations10 Automatic water quality monitoring stationson major riverson major rivers

• • To detect changes in river water quality on aTo detect changes in river water quality on a continuous basis.continuous basis.• • Water Quality levels violating the ambientWater Quality levels violating the ambient standard for specific parameters will bestandard for specific parameters will be transmitted real-time to DOE.transmitted real-time to DOE.• • Immediate inspection will be conducted atImmediate inspection will be conducted at suspected sites.suspected sites.• • Currently installed at sensitive locationsCurrently installed at sensitive locations including upstream of water abstraction points.including upstream of water abstraction points.


3. Water Quality Monitoring : River Basins3. Water Quality Monitoring : River Basins

(Source: DOE, 2011)(Source: DOE, 2011)Automatic Water Quality Monitoring StationsAutomatic Water Quality Monitoring Stations





4. Data Processing and Utilization4. Data Processing and Utilization• Some 5,256 samples were taken Some 5,256 samples were taken annually thereby generating over annually thereby generating over 157,600 water quality data each 157,600 water quality data each year.year.

• Data been processed and Data been processed and calculated for Water Quality Index.calculated for Water Quality Index.


4. Data Processing and Utilization4. Data Processing and Utilization



(Source: DOE, 2011)(Source: DOE, 2011)(Source: DOE, 2011)(Source: DOE, 2011)







5. Water Quality Modeling5. Water Quality ModelingModeling been widely utilised in EnvironmentalModeling been widely utilised in EnvironmentalImpact Assessment (EIA) for prescribedImpact Assessment (EIA) for prescribedactivities, but on small scale.activities, but on small scale.

• • Under the legislation, all prescribed activities are Under the legislation, all prescribed activities are required to submit to DOE EIA report for approval required to submit to DOE EIA report for approval prior to project implementation.prior to project implementation.• Normally some modeling works are incorporated.Normally some modeling works are incorporated.• • Now, DOE has programs to model the river water Now, DOE has programs to model the river water quality on river basin scale starting with few rivers quality on river basin scale starting with few rivers – – including Langat River, Segget River, Tebrau including Langat River, Segget River, Tebrau River and Rajang River.River and Rajang River.

6. Policy Decision from Monitoring Activities6. Policy Decision from Monitoring Activities

River classifications for major rivers have River classifications for major rivers have been completed.been completed.• • Now 24 rivers.Now 24 rivers.• • Under the Eight Malaysian Plan (2001-2005) Under the Eight Malaysian Plan (2001-2005) and the Third Outline Perspectives Planand the Third Outline Perspectives Plan (2001-2010), emphasis given to improve river(2001-2010), emphasis given to improve river water quality and integrated river basinwater quality and integrated river basin management.management.• • Some rivers have been set to attain Class II.Some rivers have been set to attain Class II.

7. Program Implementations7. Program Implementations

• • Program for the Program for the pollution preventionpollution prevention improvement of river water quality has beenimprovement of river water quality has been planned and implemented as of 2001.planned and implemented as of 2001.• • 26 rivers identified.26 rivers identified.• • In 2001, the program started with 6 riversIn 2001, the program started with 6 rivers namely: namely: Langat River, Skudai River, Segget Langat River, Skudai River, Segget River, River, Tebrau River, Melaka River and Miri Tebrau River, Melaka River and Miri River.River.

Rajah 1. Malaysia : Lembangan Sungai yang Terlibat Di bawah Program Pencegahan Rajah 1. Malaysia : Lembangan Sungai yang Terlibat Di bawah Program Pencegahan Pencemaran Sungai dan Pencemaran Sungai dan Peningkatan Kualiti Air, Rancangan Malaysia ke LapanPeningkatan Kualiti Air, Rancangan Malaysia ke Lapan

Figure 1. Malaysia : River Basins Selected under the River Pollution Prevention andFigure 1. Malaysia : River Basins Selected under the River Pollution Prevention andWater Quality Improvement Program, Eighth Malaysian PlanWater Quality Improvement Program, Eighth Malaysian Plan

• The program is intended to improve theThe program is intended to improve the river water quality to regain its cleanriver water quality to regain its clean status and to restore the natural beauty status and to restore the natural beauty and the beneficial uses of the water.and the beneficial uses of the water.

• The effort aims to ensure the sustainability The effort aims to ensure the sustainability of the water uses in the basin.of the water uses in the basin.

Earth's Water

• Non-ocean water is a very limited resource. Non-ocean water is a very limited resource.

• Only 3% of Earth's water is available for Only 3% of Earth's water is available for

human consumption but large portions are human consumption but large portions are

either inaccessible or due to pollution, unfit either inaccessible or due to pollution, unfit

for human usefor human use

a)a) Non-ocean 3% (ground water, glaciers, inland Non-ocean 3% (ground water, glaciers, inland

seas, ice caps, other)seas, ice caps, other)

b)b) Oceans 97%Oceans 97%

• Explore the web-linking water pipe where you will get an

excellent overview and information related to Earth’s water.

• Explore the dripping pipe at USGS.

• You should then proceed to explore patterns of water use,

again by referring to a “dripping web-pipe”, at:

http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/wateruse.ht...

Sustainable Water Use

Role of Water Management Authority in Malaysia (Department of Irrigation and

Drainage, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia).

• Water Resources Management

• 3 Aspects of Water Resources Management:i. Water in Environment Enhancement

ii. Water in Agriculture and Food Production

iii. Protection from Water as a Destructive Force

(DID, 2007)

Water treatmentWater treatment

WATER AS A RESOURCEWATER AS A RESOURCE

Environmental Impact and Water ConservationEnvironmental Impact and Water Conservation

• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)• EIA is a formal process used to predict and assess the EIA is a formal process used to predict and assess the

environmental consequences of a development project. environmental consequences of a development project. • The purpose is: The purpose is:

(a)(a) to support the goals of environmental protection & sustainable to support the goals of environmental protection & sustainable development, development,

(b)(b) to integrate environmental protection and economic decisions at to integrate environmental protection and economic decisions at the earliest stages of planning, the earliest stages of planning,

(c)(c) to mitigate adverse impacts resulting from the proposed activity; to mitigate adverse impacts resulting from the proposed activity; and,and,

(d)(d) to provide for involvement of the public, Government and to provide for involvement of the public, Government and Government agencies in the review of the proposed activities.Government agencies in the review of the proposed activities.

http://www.tuv-sud.in/EnvImpact&WaterConservation.asp


Environmental Impact and Water ConservationEnvironmental Impact and Water Conservation

• Water Audit studyWater Audit study is a qualitative and is a qualitative and quantitative analysis of water consumption to quantitative analysis of water consumption to identify means of reuse and recycling of water. identify means of reuse and recycling of water.

• It not only promotes water conservation and It not only promotes water conservation and delivers cost savings, but also helps companies delivers cost savings, but also helps companies safeguard public health & property, improve safeguard public health & property, improve external relations & reduce legal liability. external relations & reduce legal liability.

• This has been recognized as necessary and is in This has been recognized as necessary and is in the process of assessments. the process of assessments.



Irrigation and Drainage

• Irrigation and drainage development and

management however, will continue to be

with DID, as it is a critical input for

agriculture development.

• With the same theme, irrigation and

agriculture drainage development too will

have to be approached as a business with

new and innovative technologies.

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

• Malaysia has to operate on a performance-based system.

• Our modernization efforts will continue and the benchmarking programs will be refined.

• We have established key performance indicators (KPIs) for open channel system efficiency to be increased to 60% and our water productivity to be above 0.5 kilogram per metre cube of water.

• Efforts are already underway to study the feasibility of converting some of the open channels to pipelines.

Agriculture DrainageAgriculture Drainage• Agriculture drainage is a very important aspect of our Agriculture drainage is a very important aspect of our

agriculture especially when we reveived an average of 3000 agriculture especially when we reveived an average of 3000 millimetres of rain annually. millimetres of rain annually.

• There are many successes at agricultural land reclamation and There are many successes at agricultural land reclamation and drainage projects such as the 240,000 hectare Western Johor drainage projects such as the 240,000 hectare Western Johor Agriculture Drainage Project, Kalaka-Saribas in Sarawak and the Agriculture Drainage Project, Kalaka-Saribas in Sarawak and the coastal plains of Peninsular Malaysia. coastal plains of Peninsular Malaysia.

• But these systems need to be refined if the objectives of the New But these systems need to be refined if the objectives of the New Agriculture are to be achieved. Agriculture are to be achieved.

• Particularly challenging is agriculture in the peat and acid Particularly challenging is agriculture in the peat and acid sulphate soils. sulphate soils.

• In addition, we now have to solve the frequently conflicting In addition, we now have to solve the frequently conflicting drainage needs of agriculture with that for the ever expanding drainage needs of agriculture with that for the ever expanding urban growth centres located within the agriculture area.urban growth centres located within the agriculture area.

STRATEGIC DRIVERS: STRATEGIC DRIVERS:

a)a) The need to meet Customer/Clients The need to meet Customer/Clients demand and expectation for quality data demand and expectation for quality data and information and information

b)b) Competition for water Competition for water

c)c) Declining quality for water resources Declining quality for water resources

d)d) Increasing cost of infrastructure Increasing cost of infrastructure development and maintenance development and maintenance

e)e) Competing demands for water Competing demands for water

(DID, 2007)

KEY SERVICES:KEY SERVICES:

i.i. Surface Water Resource Assesement Surface Water Resource Assesement

ii.ii. Groundwater Resource Assessment Groundwater Resource Assessment

iii.iii. Sustainable Water Resource Assessment Sustainable Water Resource Assessment

iv.iv. Provision of adequate irrigation water Provision of adequate irrigation water

(DID, 2007)

WATER IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENTWATER IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT

i.i. Surface Water Resource Assesement Surface Water Resource Assesement

ii.ii. Groundwater Resource Assessment Groundwater Resource Assessment

iii.iii. Sustainable Water Resource Assessment Sustainable Water Resource Assessment

iv.iv. Provision of adequate irrigation water Provision of adequate irrigation water

(DID, 2007)

STRATEGIC DRIVERS: STRATEGIC DRIVERS: i.i. The need to improve quality of life of farmers The need to improve quality of life of farmers

ii.ii. Need to implement integrated coastal zone management to Need to implement integrated coastal zone management to ensure sustainable exploitation of coastal resources and ensure sustainable exploitation of coastal resources and environmental preservation environmental preservation

iii.iii. Need to establish integrated database and information Need to establish integrated database and information system for coastal zone tosystem for coastal zone tosupport integrated coastal zone management in all the support integrated coastal zone management in all the states states

iv.iv. Client demand for quality water resources. Client demand for quality water resources.

v.v. Increasing nutrient load from river to the sea. Increasing nutrient load from river to the sea.

vi.vi. Need to implement restoration/ rehabilitation works of river Need to implement restoration/ rehabilitation works of river environment. environment.

(DID, 2007)

STRATEGIC DRIVERS: STRATEGIC DRIVERS:

vii.vii. Need to establish Integrated River Basin Management Need to establish Integrated River Basin Management organizations/committees or similar at every state to plan, organizations/committees or similar at every state to plan, manage and enforce Integrated River Basin Management manage and enforce Integrated River Basin Management Plan (which will include catchment and urban stormwater Plan (which will include catchment and urban stormwater management). management).

viii.viii.Need to establish shared inter-agency databases and Need to establish shared inter-agency databases and information systems on a river basin basis, to enable information systems on a river basin basis, to enable planning for water resources, flood mitigation, planning for water resources, flood mitigation, environmental enhancement requirements etc. environmental enhancement requirements etc.

ix.ix. Need to establish a river environment rich in aquatic life Need to establish a river environment rich in aquatic life and habitats and habitats

(DID, 2007)

KEY SERVICESKEY SERVICESi.i. Information & knowledge collation and distribution, planning and Information & knowledge collation and distribution, planning and

designdesign

ii.ii. Preparation of guidelines and manualsPreparation of guidelines and manuals

iii.iii. Awareness programsAwareness programs iv.iv. Implementation of projects on: Implementation of projects on:

i.i. River conservancyRiver conservancy

ii.ii. River restoration and rehabilitationRiver restoration and rehabilitation

iii.iii. River recreation and landscapingRiver recreation and landscaping v.v. Provision of technical advice on proposed developments in the coastal Provision of technical advice on proposed developments in the coastal

zonezone

vi.vi. Preparation of guidelines on coastal zone management guidelinePreparation of guidelines on coastal zone management guideline

(DID, 2007)

WATER IN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PRODUCTIONWATER IN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PRODUCTION

• The need to meet the NAP 3 objectives The need to meet the NAP 3 objectives

a)a) GlobalizationGlobalization

b)b) Increase in income levelIncrease in income level

c)c) Competition for resourcesCompetition for resources

• KEY SERVICESKEY SERVICES: : i.i. Infrastructures development Infrastructures development

ii.ii. Irrigation/ drainage management Irrigation/ drainage management

(DID, 2007)

PROTECTION OF PROPERTY AND LIFE FROM RIVER AND PROTECTION OF PROPERTY AND LIFE FROM RIVER AND COASTAL FORCESCOASTAL FORCES

• STRATEGIC DRIVERSSTRATEGIC DRIVERS: : a)a) Rising public demands for protection from flooding, coastal and Rising public demands for protection from flooding, coastal and

riverbanks erosion and river mouth siltation riverbanks erosion and river mouth siltation

b)b) Increasing value of land and properties especially in urban areas Increasing value of land and properties especially in urban areas

c)c) Need to manage impact of land use changes Need to manage impact of land use changes

d)d) Increasing development pressure and activities in coastal area such Increasing development pressure and activities in coastal area such as land reclamation , upstream development and sand mining activity. as land reclamation , upstream development and sand mining activity.

e)e) Vast potential in tourism industry in coastal area Vast potential in tourism industry in coastal area

f)f) Commitment of government to the policy of environmentally Commitment of government to the policy of environmentally sustainable development sustainable development

(DID, 2007)

PROTECTION OF PROPERTY AND LIFE PROTECTION OF PROPERTY AND LIFE FROM RIVER AND COASTAL FORCESFROM RIVER AND COASTAL FORCES

• STRATEGIC DRIVERS: STRATEGIC DRIVERS: g)g) Need for government to implement integrated coastal zone management and Need for government to implement integrated coastal zone management and

river erosion control and conservancy worksriver erosion control and conservancy works

h)h) Need to establish integrated database and information system for:-Need to establish integrated database and information system for:- i.i. coastal zone to support integrated coastal zone management in all the statescoastal zone to support integrated coastal zone management in all the states

ii.ii. river erosion control for planning purposesriver erosion control for planning purposes

i)i) Need for controlling water quantity at source to lessen erosive forces.Need for controlling water quantity at source to lessen erosive forces. j)j) Need for government agencies to integrate for effective function of integrated Need for government agencies to integrate for effective function of integrated

river basin managementriver basin management

(DID, 2007)

KEY SERVICES:KEY SERVICES:

i.i. Flood forecasting and warning Flood forecasting and warning

ii.ii. Prevention Prevention

iii.iii. Flood Protection Flood Protection

iv.iv. Technical Advice Technical Advice

v.v. Integrated Shoreline Management Integrated Shoreline Management

vi.vi. Provision of coastal defense works Provision of coastal defense works

vii.vii.Provision of river mouth improvement works Provision of river mouth improvement works

viii.viii.Provision of technical advice Provision of technical advice (DID, 2007)

• In this section you will build up your knowledge about water use.

• You'll discover answers to the following questions…

Key Questions

* What is most of the freshwater used for? * What is most of the freshwater used for?

* Which states use the most water? * Which states use the most water?

* Which states irrigated the most? * Which states irrigated the most?

* Where did this water come from and how * Where did this water come from and how

was it used? was it used?

* How much water is used to produce power? * How much water is used to produce power?

Key Questions

* Do we produce any power using steam * Do we produce any power using steam

energy? energy?

* What about hydroelectric power? * What about hydroelectric power?

* Is water used for "fish farming?" * Is water used for "fish farming?"

* Do we grow fish? * Do we grow fish?

* Is saline water used for anything? * Is saline water used for anything?

* How important is ground water?* How important is ground water?

OHSAS 18001: Occupation Health and Safety OHSAS 18001: Occupation Health and Safety Assessment SeriesAssessment Series

• OHSAS 18001 is an Occupation Health and Safety Assessment Series OHSAS 18001 is an Occupation Health and Safety Assessment Series certification for health and safety management systems, which enables an certification for health and safety management systems, which enables an organization to control occupational health and safety risks and to improve organization to control occupational health and safety risks and to improve performance. performance.

• OHSAS uses the prevention concept, i.e. prevention instead of cure. OHSAS uses the prevention concept, i.e. prevention instead of cure. • This is integrated in the work protection law, and states the work safety and This is integrated in the work protection law, and states the work safety and

health protection should be treated in one complete system.health protection should be treated in one complete system.

Benefits of OHSAS 18001Benefits of OHSAS 18001::• Cost reduction through improvement in work safetyCost reduction through improvement in work safety• Reduction in number of accidents and absenteeismReduction in number of accidents and absenteeism• Increase in employee motivationIncrease in employee motivation• Increased flexibility and smoother transition to changes within the Increased flexibility and smoother transition to changes within the

organization through more transparent processesorganization through more transparent processes• Legal securityLegal security



To explore the answers go to To explore the answers go to

• http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/mqanda.html

• Afterwards, test yourself through a simple Afterwards, test yourself through a simple test on:test on:

““What are some of the physical and What are some of the physical and

chemical properties of water?"chemical properties of water?"

8. Conclusion8. Conclusion

• • Monitoring program has proven to be usefulMonitoring program has proven to be useful although they can be expensive.although they can be expensive.• • Such activity becomes more important in the river Such activity becomes more important in the river restoration and rehabilitation works to a desired restoration and rehabilitation works to a desired natural river conditions.natural river conditions.• • Need to keep abreast of the technology and know-Need to keep abreast of the technology and know- how of river restoration and efficient monitoring how of river restoration and efficient monitoring program.program.• • Techniques of river basin modeling can be a new Techniques of river basin modeling can be a new area of focus – so as to ensure the river area of focus – so as to ensure the river assimilative capacity are not exceeded.assimilative capacity are not exceeded.

• USGS. (2004). What everyone is or should be talking about: Water

(http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/sc3.html) and

(http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/mearth.html)

• Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia (DID). (2007). Water as Resource. DID, 2007. (http://www.water.gov.my/web/) (2.2.2007).

• DOE. (2011). Water Resources Management.

ReferencesReferences

Thank you…Thank you…

Documents

Sustainable Water Management and Health & Safety Impacts Water