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Sustainable waste
management and petroleum
sludge
Dunja S. Sokolovic, Dragan D. Govedarica
Faculty of Technology, Bul. Cara Lazara 1, Novi Sad
Main principles of sustainable oily
waste management
waste source reduction
reusing
recycling
composting
incineration with energy recovery
fuel production
waste treatment
Sustainable waste management in oil
refinery
Implementation is driven by :abatement air pollution from process units
production of environment friendly fuels
Waste management in oil refinery
- out of the main environmental activities
Oil Refineries :
big and fully integrated installations
manage huge amount of raw materials (crude oil)
intensive consumers of energy and water
generate emissions to atmosphere, water and soil
IPPC Directive – controls refineries operations
Emission and consumption in oil
refineryhuge amount of crude oil → do not generate substantial quantities of waste
The BREF on Mineral Oil and
Gas RefineriesThe European IPPC Bureau → develop BREF document → assist implementation of the IPPC directive on oil and gas refineries
BREFs - specific guidance,what may be technically and economically available to industry – waste managment programm
→ Improving environmental performance
Technical Working Group - TWG - meeting in December 2008observed deficiency:
no capacity or Nelson index has been taken into account
does not cover data about classification of refinery waste, nor assessing whether the waste is toxic or not (Waste List Decision 2000/532/EC and 2001/573/EC)
BREF document
→ waste management programelements for preventing waste generation
pollution prevention techniques ( for soil and
ground water)
Analyses of BREF :
Some elements are not acceptable for many refineries
built 40 years ago
Waste management programmeImplementation of a sludge master plan with the aim to reduce the sludge generated
Clean and assembly only in especially constructed and dedicated areas
Provide dedicated drainage systems
Physical barriers such as clay walls or plastic membranes can be installed around the site boundary
Minimization of underground piping
Perform a risk analysis in order to rank the significance cases where accidental leak may occur
Periodical screening of leaks in sewers and pipes
Correct conditioning of a catalyst during a run extends catalytic life
Process optimization leads to less off-specification product and hence less recycle
Recycling caustic sufficiently can ensure it is completely spent
Sorting waste mixes e.g. concrete and scrap metal
TEL/TML scale & sludge: permanganate treatment eliminates TEL/TML traces
De-oiling in an oil extractor
Process treatment by steaming, flushing or regeneration prior to disposal: clay and sand filters; catalysts
Methods for refinery waste
processing
Biological methods
Incineration of refinery sludge
Increasing oil phase of refinery sediment
Treatment of used catalysts
Other methods
Biological methods
Landfarming method – ex situ method
treatment of oily wastes
- disposal of refinery sludge in previous prepared space
- refinery sludge in layers, periodically turned or processed
- control of content for optimal rate of degradation (pH, moisture
con.,aeration..)
Landfilling method – ex situ method
disposal of oily wastes
Incineration of refinery sludge
Incineration processes are: fixed hearth incinerators, multiple hearth incinerators, rotary kiln incinerators, liquid fuel incinerators, gas or fume incinerator, fluidised bed incinerators
FBI is the most used method- flexible to a large variations in sludge composition
- working temperature 800 - 950°C
- produced ash is used as component for cement and asphalt mixture
- appropriate techniques control SO2,NOx,CO, organic compounds, PAH and heavy metals emission
- concentration of dust is not more then 5mg/Nm3
- reduce refinery sludge to 0,5-1 kg per tone crude oil
Comments
Analysis of current trends in waste treatment of the refinery indicates that today used techniques for refinery sludge are the same applied 20 years ago
Applicable BREF document is based on data published 16 years ago (in most cases) and requires a serious revision in the waste management of oil refinery
Introduction of new processing and modern catalysts(especially deep conversion process) is the main reason for the reduction of the total quantity of the refinery sludge