Sustainable Urban Transport

Dinesh Poudel Nepal Engineering College

MSC TEAM 013-1207

04/08/23 1Sustainable Urban transport

Table of Content

1. Sustainable Urban Transport2. Scenario Sustainable Urban transport3. Sustainable Transportation Planning4. Urban Transport Sustainable Development Strategies5. Emerging Areas of Innovation in Sustainable Transportation6. New Culture For Urban Mobility7. Sustainable urban transport example AHEMADABAD BRT8. World Scenario And Our approach on Sustainable transport9. Conclusion 10. Reference


1.Sustainable Urban TransportSustainable Urban transportation is a mechanism for using each mode for what

it does best typically means greater reliance on non-motorized for local travel ,increased use of public transit in urban areas & a reduction (but not elimination) of personal automobile use.

Some Definitions A key to urban sustainability is that the three pillars of sustainability -

environmental stewardship, social equity and economic efficiency are interdependent and need to be mutually reinforcing (United Nations, 2002)

“Transport differs from other problems developing societies face, because it gets worse rather than better with economic development. While sanitation, education, and other challenges improve with economic growth, transport gets worse.” (Enrique Peñalosa, President of ITDP and Former Mayor of Bogota, 2005)

• ”Sustainable cities will never appear, if the transport system is not sustainable. Increasing energy consumption, extensive travel and poor natural resource management must be redirected. Urban sprawl and the need to commute great distances for work and shopping must be curbed” (Natalija Kazlauskiene, Director at the Directorate General for Regional Policy, European Commission, 2009).04/08/23 3Sustainable Urban transport

2.Scenario Sustainable Urban transport


Sustainable Transportation Planning

Critical Evaluation of the “Urban Mobility Report” 25 March 2013 By Todd Litman Victoria Transport Policy Institute

Paradigm-a pattern or model04/08/23 5Sustainable Urban transport

04/08/23 Sustainable Urban transport 6

URBAN TRANSPORT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES (International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences 6 2012)

1.Transport Demand Management (TDM)-solving transportation problems in transportation comprehensive management and planning

2.Land Preparation-Improper urban development is one of the basic reasons of most transportation problems of the world. Land preparation techniques are necessary for coordination of travel and means

of transportation. Intelligent development is a concept which is used as development management and encounters with suburbanization and aims to implement land use strategies which increases population density in residential areas and consequently facilitates transportation,

3.Non-Motorized Transport Bicycling and walking

4.Using Bus Rapid Transit & Mass Rapid Transit optimal use of public transport systems may stop irregular development of using private vehicle and reduce energy consumption and emission of greenhouse gases

5.Public Partnership, Training & Awareness improves long term status of a certain city

Sustainable transport can be achieved in implementing technology, pricing and financing, integrating land use and transport .Technology can help in reducing emissions, pricing and financing management can reduce traffic volumes, and integrated land use and transport planning can be used to promote alternate modes of transport such as biking, walking, transit. While technology and pricing management strategies try to address the problem of travel demand, land use and transport strategies try to address the need for travel and thus offer a better alternative to planning.04/08/23 7Sustainable Urban transport

The four emerging areas of innovation in sustainable transportation: [9]1.New Mobility 2.City Logistics 3.Intelligent System Management 4.Livability

The ‘New Mobility’ cluster addresses how individuals plan their daily activities. It seeks to understand and influence the full array of economic and psychological factors shaping mode choice and vehicle ownership decisions in the context of these activity patterns. Distributed travel information, Fare integration , Car sharing , bike sharing, Auto-Free Housing , new paradigm. Paris has been in the forefront of this approach Its transit agency, the RATP, provides real-time, door-to-door online journey planning for its rail and bus routes. This service will eventually deliver information about all modes, as well as information on entertainment, cultural institutions, and other services.

† The ‘City logistics’ cluster addresses the business of goods movement. Though in its infancy, and facing the difficult challenge of fostering cooperation among competitors, its early successes suggest the feasibility of fostering new business models for more sustainable urban delivery systems.

† The ‘Intelligent System Management’ cluster addresses the relationship between infrastructure and the public institutions that operate it. It seeks to reorganize government around managing public infrastructure as a valuable asset whose value is maximized if it is priced, enforced, and managed effectively.

† Finally, the ‘Livability’ cluster addresses how society interacts with transportation systems. It advocates high integration of transportation planning with societal needs, including opportunities for recreation and social interaction, and accessibility for children and the poor. Many of these initiatives have been innovated in the Colombian capital of Bogota´, especially under the leadership of Enrique Pen˜alosa, mayor from 1998 to 2000. During his tenure, Bogota´began the transformation its infrastructure around a vision of livability, social equity, and reclamation of public space. Bus rapid transit. Bogota´ has developed a sophisticated, highly efficient, and large-capacity bus rapid transit system, the Transmilenio. Transmilenio builds on concepts pioneered Curitiba, Brazil, but at a larger scale. Already profitable and rivaling the passenger volumes of large urban rail systems, its network is envisioned to reach within half a kilometer of 85% of Bogota´’s residents


NEW CULTURE FOR URBAN MOBILITY

SHARED CARS Shared taxis/autos Optimization of the use of private cars –

car sharing/car pools Promotion of walking and cycling

SMARTER URBAN TRANSPORT High quality information for better

mobility Intelligent transport systems and traffic

management Smart charging

Better organized freight transport

ACCESSIBLE URBAN TRANSPORT Collective transport accessible and

affordable for all citizens Interconnection of urban and sub-urban

networks Co-modality: optimization and

integration of transport modes

GREENER TOWNS AND CITIES New technologies to increase energy

efficiency, increased use of alternative fuels

Green procurement Traffic restrictions and green zones Eco-driving

SAFETY AND SECURITY IN URBAN TRANSPORT

Safer behaviour, infrastructures and vehicles

Cross-border enforcement of traffic sanctions

Facing security as a growing threat

A NEW CULTURE FOR URBAN MOBILITY

Change of behaviour by Education, training and awareness raising , Supported by better data and information about urban mobility



AHMEDABAD BUS RAPID TRANSIT ( JANMARGA) The city of Ahmedabad, founded in 1411 AD as a walled city on the eastern bank of the

river Sabarmati, is now the seventh largest metropolis in India and the largest in the state Gujrat. The city at present is spread over 600 Sq. km of area and accommodates 6.4 million people. Its population is likely to rise to 11 Million area 1000 sq. kms by 2035 The main agencies governing the area are the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) and the Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (AUDA). BRTS project, which was the first of its kind in the country with a vision ‘Accessible Ahmedabad’ is to redesign thecity structure and transport systems towards greater accessibility, efficient mobility and lower carbon future. Ahmedabad Janmarg Ltd has 45 km operational route with 112 (11 A.C. buses) buses and about 1.30 lakhs average passengers per day

Situation before Implementation of the Project Two wheelers, both motorised and bicycles dominate the traffic on the streets of

Ahmedabad.The city has 22 lakh registered vehicles of which two wheelers are about 73%. As per the household survey (CEPT, 2006), 8 lakh bicycles are in operation in the city accounting for 19% of the total trips. The share of four wheelers is still low. They constitute to about 12.5%of the total vehicles and 3% of total trips. Average daily ridership in 2005 was 3.5 lakh. Ahmedabad Municipal Transport Service (AMTS) due to resource crunch and operational inefficiencies to daily ridership 450 in the year 2005. As a result, significant loss in patronage was experienced. As most of these were using adulterated fuel, air quality was affected significantly. As a result the city of Ahmedabad figured as one of the top 3 cities in the list of 88 critically polluted cities of India.



Following the guidance and direction of previous report of AMC the Following process were carried out

•Zoning•Base Data study ( existing and previous data report study)•Survey •Location and Climate•Demographic trends

•Population Growth •Population Forecast

•Land use •Existing Land use •Spatial Land use•Future proposed land use

•Traffic Generation •Existing trend

•Employment Distribution•Industrial area •Residential area

•Existing Services•Proposal-route





ROUTE SELECTION


Why BRT? Suits a developing country’s transport nuances-planning follows

development No strong CBD Highly randomized development with localized trips Urban pull –spreading out Need for decongestion Flexibility in routing / Easily expandable Scope for both low density and high density passenger movement Project implementation easier Wider reach Leverages the full scope for public space and accessibility improvement Can be operated according to the city ethos Environment friendly

The initiative to develop BRTS is in recognition of the fact that no single mode will completely serve the mobility needs of the city, and the bus system, both in its basic form and rapid transit form, makes it a critical and major component in an integrated transit system of any mega city.


seeking transport solutions and not technology expand Transit Coverage, Quantity and Quality



Under the Gujarat Urban Development and Town Planning Act-1976 Land Management ProcessTown Planning Scheme (TPS) A land readjustment tool to adapt land for urban use ◦ Reconstitution of land holdings ◦ Appropriation of land for public uses without acquisition ◦ Local level road network ◦ Local level social and physical infrastructure ◦ Land Bank for Urban Poor ◦ Infrastructure Cost Recovery Land appropriation compensation adjusted against land value increments due to infra. provision Land for Financing of infrastructure (15%)

2 Stage Process Under the Gujarat Urban Development and Town Planning Act-1976 Land Management Development Plan Provides Overall Development Framework ◦ Overall Direction of Urban Expansion ◦ Land use Zoning ◦ City level road network ◦ City Level Infrastructure (Utilities & Amenities) ◦ Reservations of Land for other Public Purposes ◦ Development Control Regulation/rules Ahmedabad DP’s 1965, 1987, 2002 ,2012


• NETWORK and Not Corridors• Connectivity of important origin and destinations• Catalyst for area development• low income, low accessibilityzones (old walled city)• Availability of right of way tobuild infrastructure• Formation of strong network forflexible route operations• Overall impact of transit on city• Connect ‘busy places’ but avoid‘busy roads’




Purpose of Trip and Modal Shift Sample Size: 417

Reduction in Educational trip due to Board Examination,


MASS TRAVEL


Future Ahemadabad


Sucess Factors Of Ahemadabad BRT Leadership -Political will and support Ownership –Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) Partnerships with Institutions, Media, People Pragmatic Approach :BRT –A Program and not a Project Comprehensive Planning Contextual Sustainable Design Safety, Reliability, Comfort and Speed Branding Strategies

Ahmedabad Janmarg Ltd has won many accolades for the implementation of sustainable BRTS Operation.1. National Award for “Best Mass Transit Rapid System Project - 2009” from Government of India.2. International Award for “Sustainable Transport Award – 2010” at Washington DC, USA.3. International Award for “Outstanding Innovations in Public Transportation – 2010” from UITP, Germany.4. National Award for “Best Innovation Project Towards Improvement in Urban Mobility in the City of Ahmedabad through New Technological Innovations in Janmarg BRTS – 2010” from Government of India.5. International Award for Design – “Daring Ambition Award and Knowledge and Research Award – 2011” at 59th UITP World Congress, Dubai.6. National Award for “Award for Excellence in the category of Best ITS Project – 2011” from Government of India.


World Scenario And Our approach on Sustainable transport Sustainable urban

transport is a world wide issue .

Almost all countries have their own mechanism and programs for sustainable urban transport.

UN , OECD , Transport research Board (TRB) ,EU , World Bank ,ADB ,Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) are some world wide organization for Sustainable urban transportation.



The Sustainable transport award-winning 2011 transport system in Guangzhou, in south China's Guangdong province, includes not only Bus Rapid Transit but wide, tree-lined bicycle lanes and a tie-in to the large city's rail network.Photograph by Li Huang, Color China Photo/AP


The Sustainable transport award-winning city curitiba Brazil ,the orgin of BRT

Nepal Vision paper 2007 kathmandu valley programme in road sector


Nepal Status Paper United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development 2012 (Rio+20)

NEPAL TOWARD SUSTAINABLE URABAN TRANSPORT


Public Transport is improved and upgraded, and capacity of Department of Transport Management is strengthened by

development and implementation of two pilot bus routes, using electric or low emission vehicles;

development of a financing mechanism through Town Development Fund (TDF) to promote PT fleet renewal by introducing low emission or electric vehicles;

development of a study on the reintroduction of trolley-bus services in Kathmandu.Traffic management is improved by improvement of about 14 junctions in Kathmandu city center; development and implementation of Metropolitan Traffic Police Division (MTPD) capacity

building program; development and implementation of a public awareness campaign to improve citizens'

driving behavior, environment and other transport safety aspects. Walkability in the city center is improved by pedestrianization of about 8 km of the heritage routes in Kathmandu city core; improvement of sidewalks in Kathmandu city center; upgrade and/or construction of about 4 pedestrian bridges; Improvement of the interchange facility and of public space in Kanti Path Public Private Partnership (PPP) advisory support for Katmandu Metropolitan City (KMC) The monitoring of air quality is enhanced by Providing monitoring equipment to support Ministry of Environment (MoE) in implementing

the Air Quality Monitoring Action Plan 2010 – 2013.

The Project shall comprise:



Pokhara plans 115-km cycle trackPosted on January 29, 2013SANTOSH POKHARELPOKHARA, Jan 22: The local authority here has decided to construct a 115 km cycle track in and out of Pokhara city as part of an initiative to promote local tourism in the area. Kaski District Development Committee (DDC) has already completed a survey of the proposed cycle route.According to Kaski Local Development Officer (LDO) Ishwor Poudel, the construction of cycling track was aimed at promoting local tourism in the rural areas of the district. Poudel informed that the construction of the first phase of the cycle track would require an estimated Rs 50.34 million.

Ekantipur KATHMANDU, FEB 02 - The defunct Sajha Yatayat bus service has reentered public consciousness in recent weeks. Reports of its impending return to Kathmandu’s streets have fuelled conversations, mostly prompted by nostalgia for the once-popular public transport service

Challenges In sustainable urban transport in Nepal

Problems Poor road networks and lack of

maintenance Old vehicles Lack of Funding (still above 60%

development are on donation) Political instability or political

influence People careless and lack of

education Lack of proper research Corruption Lack of proper rules and regulation

and weak implementation Less initiation on PPP Lack on land planning


Solutions Road intersection should be

maintained with traffic demand Concept of cycle way should be

implemented Priorities mass movements Good environment for pubic

participation Control of corruption Political stability and responsibility Timely renews of rules and regulation proper research/ future planning Educateion from grass hood level Use land planning methods Learn from others /BRT

ahemadabad ,mexicocity,curitiba Design eco friendly and topography

matching Others ???

Conclusion Transportation and its environmental impacts are a major component of

urban environmental management .At the same time, transportation and mobility are an important part or urban economics and the quality of life.

Today, hundreds of cities are pursuing sustainable transport strategies under that banner or otherwise, in isolation or as part of broader sustainability initiatives

Sustainability is being linked to other strategic policy objectives in countless combinations, continuation of business-as-usual to transformations in the character of urban life.

Aiming for short and long term goals on mobility and sustainable urban form at the same time as global best practices explain

From the world practice and success it can be said to that mass transit helps in sustainable approach .

Good planning and study with political stability leads success in sustainable projects A new approaches and models should be studies with the matching's of urban

pattern of growings.


REFERENCE

1.WORLD CITIES BESTPRACTICES NYC Dept. City Planning | Transportation Division | October 20082. APRESENTATIONONLAND USE AND URBAN TRANSPORT By I.P.GAUTAM, IAS PRINCIPAL SECRETARY, URBAN DEVELOPMENT & URBAN HOUSING DEPARTMENT 3.AHMEDABAD Janmarg BUS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM PLAN PHASE – II Volume-I 4.Land Use Policy in the Mexican Periphery A Capstone Project with the United Nations Human Settlements Programme Ashlee McLaughlin Masters Candidate Urban and Regional Planning5.Spatial assessment of transit oriented development in Ahmedabad, India Author: Srikanth Shastry6.Making Mobility a Part of the Sustainable Development Practice Case studies from Ahmedabad and Bangalore –EMBARQ INDIA7.International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences 6 20128.Journals from CEPT University 9.Sustainable urban transport: Four innovative directions Todd Goldman , Roger Gorham10.STATE OF THE WORLD’S CITIES 2012/2013 Prosperity of Cities- UH Habitat11.Critical Evaluation of the “Urban Mobility Report” 25 March 2013 By Todd Litman Victoria Transport Policy Institute 12.ABD technical assistant report Project Number: 44238Capacity Development Technical Assistance (CDTA)December 201113.Bus Rapid Transit System, Ahmedabad GIDB, GoG14. Nepal Status Paper United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development 2012 (Rio+20) 15.SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION PERFORMANCE MEASURES EPA 231-K-10-004 August 2011



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Sustainable Urban Transport