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Sustainable Minds, Architecture Event
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SUSTAINED
LONG-TERM SOLUTIONS THAT MAINTAIN THE GLOBAL ECOSYSTEM
• HEIGHT
• SQUARE
• ARCHITECT
• YEAR
397 feet
13 000 feet
Mario Cucinella
2008
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• NAME
• YEAR
Cecilia Hedin
Spring’2011
SUSTAINED
LONG-TERM SOLUTIONS THAT MAINTAIN THE GLOBAL ECOSYSTEM
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3ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED, STORED IN A RETRIEVAL SYSTEM OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC, MECHANICAL, PHOTOCOPYING, RECORDING OR OTHERWISE, WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER.
COPYRIGHT © HEDIN 2011
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VICTORIA RoseDedicated to my friend
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TABLE OFCONTENTS
C H A P T E R
Introduction
Optimize Energy
Materials
Conserve Water
Contemporary
Colophon
P A G E
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36
44
48
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SUSTAINABILITY?
Building construction and operation have extensive direct and indirect impacts on the environment. Buildings use resources such as energy, water and raw materials, generate waste (occupant, construction and demolition) and emit potentially harmful atmospheric emissions. Building owners, designers and builders face a unique challenge to meet demands for new and renovated facilities that are accessible, secure, healthy, and productive while minimizing their impact on the environment. Considering the ongoing economic challenges, retrofitting an existing building can be more cost effective than building a new facility. Designing major renovations and retrofits for already existing buildings to include sustainability initiatives reduces operation costs and environmental impacts, and can increase building resiliency. Recent answers to this challenge call for an integrated synergistic approach that considers all phases of the facility life cycle. This approach, often called “sustainable design,” supports an increased commitment to environmental stewardship and conservations, and results are in an optimal balance of cost, environmental, societal, and human benefits while meeting the mission and function of the intended
facility or infrastructure. The main objectives of sustainable design are to avoid resource depletion of energy, water, and raw materials; prevent environmental degradation caused by facilities and infrastructure throughout their life cycle; and create built environments that are livable, comfortable, safe, and productive. Optimize ENERGY USE With America’s supply of fossil fuel dwindling, concerns for energy independence and security increasing, and the impacts of global climate change arising, it is essential to find ways to reduce load, increase eff iciency, and ut il ize renewable energy resources in federal facilities. CONSERVE WATER In many parts of the country, fresh water is an increasingly scarce resource. A sustainable building should reduce, control, and treat site runoff, use water efficiently, and reuse or recycle water for on-site use, when feasible. SUSTAINABLE Products A sustainable building is constructed of materials that minimize life-cycle environmental impacts such as global warming, resource depletion, and human toxicity. Environmentally preferable materials have a reduced effect on human health and the environment and contribute to improved worker safety and health, reduced liabilities, and achievement of environmental goals.
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Energy independence and security are important components of national security and energy strategies. Today, power is mostly generated by massive centralized plants, and electricity moves along transmission lines. “Getting off of foreign oil” means minimizing energy consumption through energy conservation and efficiency, and generating energy from local, renewable sources, such as wind, solar, geothermal, etc. (see WBDG Distributed Energy Resources, Fuel Cell Technology, Microturbines, Building
Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), Daylighting, Passive Solar Heating) Additionally, using distributed energy systems adds to building resiliency as the threats of natural disaster damage become more frequent. Passive survivability, which is
described as the ability of a facility to provide shelter and basic occupant needs during and after disaster events without electric power is becoming a design strategy to consider, particularly in areas of the country where storms
and floods have been reoccurring annually or more often. Incorporate facility survivability concepts in the design of critical facilities, including on-site renewable energy sources that will be available to power the building soon
after a major storm passes. Buildings are deceptively complex. At their best, they connect us with the past and represent the greatest legacy for the future. They provide shelter, encourage productivity, embody
our culture, and certainly play an important part in life on the planet. In fact, the role of buildings is constantly changing. Buildings today are life support systems, communication and data terminals, centers of education, justice, and community, and so much more. They are incredibly expensive to build and maintain and must constantly be adjusted to function effectively over their life cycle. The economics of building has become as complex as its design. Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration illustrates that buildings are responsible for almost half (48%) of all greenhouse gas emissions annually. Seventy-six percent of all electricity generated by U.S. power plants goes to supply the building sector and buildings often contribute to health problems such as asthma and allergies due to poor indoor environmental qual i ty. Since the events of 9/11, safety has become paramount in buildings with security-related expenditures one of the fasttest rising expenses. The federal government has responded to these challenges by putt ing into place Executive Orders and Mandates. Other pr ivate sector programs, such as the USGBC LEED rat ing system, def ine standards and measures for sustainable buildings. Also, the Building Security Council’s (BSC) Building Rating System and certification for professionals has been created to help measure and benchmark security in bui ld ings. The private sector and industry have also responded by creating more products and systems that have multiple benefits. The knowledge, materials, and systems exists and are readily available to
make a positive impact on the environment and on the quality of life of building occupants. The Whole Building Design encompasses all of
these very big issues a n d programs that is an essential way the new approach.
• HEIGHT
• SQUARE
• ARCHITECT
• YEAR
379 feet
13 000 feet
Mario Cucinella
2008
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Energy independence and security are important components of national security and energy strategies. Today, power is mostly generated by massive centralized plants, and electricity moves along transmission lines. “Getting off of foreign oil” means minimizing energy consumption through energy conservation and efficiency, and generating energy from local, renewable sources, such as wind, solar, geothermal, etc. (see WBDG Distributed Energy Resources, Fuel Cell Technology, Microturbines, Building
Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), Daylighting, Passive Solar Heating) Additionally, using distributed energy systems adds to building resiliency as the threats of natural disaster damage become more frequent. Passive survivability, which is
described as the ability of a facility to provide shelter and basic occupant needs during and after disaster events without electric power is becoming a design strategy to consider, particularly in areas of the country where storms
and floods have been reoccurring annually or more often. Incorporate facility survivability concepts in the design of critical facilities, including on-site renewable energy sources that will be available to power the building soon
after a major storm passes. Buildings are deceptively complex. At their best, they connect us with the past and represent the greatest legacy for the future. They provide shelter, encourage productivity, embody
our culture, and certainly play an important part in life on the planet. In fact, the role of buildings is constantly changing. Buildings today are life support systems, communication and data terminals, centers of education, justice, and community, and so much more. They are incredibly expensive to build and maintain and must constantly be adjusted to function effectively over their life cycle. The economics of building has become as complex as its design. Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration illustrates that buildings are responsible for almost half (48%) of all greenhouse gas emissions annually. Seventy-six percent of all electricity generated by U.S. power plants goes to supply the building sector and buildings often contribute to health problems such as asthma and allergies due to poor indoor environmental qual i ty. Since the events of 9/11, safety has become paramount in buildings with security-related expenditures one of the fasttest rising expenses. The federal government has responded to these challenges by putt ing into place Executive Orders and Mandates. Other pr ivate sector programs, such as the USGBC LEED rat ing system, def ine standards and measures for sustainable buildings. Also, the Building Security Council’s (BSC) Building Rating System and certification for professionals has been created to help measure and benchmark security in bui ld ings. The private sector and industry have also responded by creating more products and systems that have multiple benefits. The knowledge, materials, and systems exists and are readily available to
make a positive impact on the environment and on the quality of life of building occupants. The Whole Building Design encompasses all of
these very big issues a n d programs that is an essential way the new approach.
OPTIMIZE ENERGY
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A B C
3
Cold water is heated by a fluid jacket that surrounds the water tank.
WATER STORAGE TANKELECTRIC PUMP
• COLD WATER
EXPANSION TANK
ROOFHOT WATER
•
•
COLLECTORS
FLUID FLOW
FLUID RETURN •
FLOW
•
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SOLAR WATER SYSTEM
Cold water is heated by a fluid jacket that surrounds the water tank.
Renewable energy sources include solar water heating, photovoltaic, wind, biomass, and geothermal. The use of renewable energy can increase the energy security and reduce dependence on imported fuels, while reducing and eliminating the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the energy use. Today there is more people that consider the solar thermal for domestic hot water and heating purposes.
CA B
The main function in Cucinella’s newly opened building is to provide a specialist research laboratory for staff and postgraduate students within the new Centre for Sustainable Energy Technologies. The tower incorporates a research studio/teaching room and resource room, as well as off ices, meeting rooms and a permanent display new space. In the exhibition space will provide a new platform for communicating the latest developments in sustainable energy and construction technologies, both regionally in China and internationally. The new building will provide laboratory, office and seminar accommodation and has been designed to serve as an exemplary building, demonstrating state-of-the-art techniques for environmentally responsible, sustainable construction and energy efficient internal environmental control. It has been designed to minimise its environmental impact by promoting energy efficiency, generating its own energy from renewable sources, and using locally available materials with low embodied energy wherever possible. For the residual heating, cooling and ventilation load is estimated to be so low that it demands for both these and electrical power required for computing and lighting will be met from renewable energy sources, including a ground source heat pump, solar absorption cooling and photovoltaic panels. In the spaces within the building have been configured to support a number and ventilation strategies, as a demonstration of alternatives to conventional systems. It has also been designed to respond to the diurnal and seasonal variation in the climate of Ningbo, to minimize heating requirement in winter and cooling in summer, promoting natural ventilation in spring and autumn when environmental conditions allow. The building is therefore well insulated, incorporates high thermal capacitance internal floors and walls, and a ventilated glazed south façade. During the summer, when it is both hot and humid, and it is necessary to de-humidify and cool the supply air, and the electrical power for this is provided by the photovoltaic system. The building has been designed to exploit day lighting as far as possible, while avoiding glare and solar heat gain. This reduces the amount of time for which artificial lighting is required. The photovaltic system will be used to provide artificial lighting and small power for office equipment such as computers, fax machines, etc. During the peak period of sunshine enough power shall be produced from the PV system to run other equipment such as the lift and the mechanical ventilation and chilled water systems. In the event of extra power not being utilised, it shall be stored in batteries or transferred to the nearby sport centre. Nottingham University has opened a new campus in Ningbo in the heart of the Zhijiang district. The Centre for Sustainable Energy Technologies (CSET) will focus on the diffusion of sustainable technologies such as solar power, photovoltaic energy, wind power and so forth. The 1,300m2 building will accommodate a visitors centre, research laboratories and classrooms for masters courses. The pavilion stands in a large meadow alongside a stream that runs through the campus. It’s design is inspired by Chinese lanterns and traditional wooden screens. The façade folds dramatically to create a dynamic shape. The building is entirely clad with a double skin of glass with screen printed patterns evoking historical buildings of the area. The appearance of the building changes from day to night. The design employs various environmental strategies. A large rooftop opening brings natural light to all floors of the building simultaneously creating a flue effect to allow efficient natural ventilation and geothermal energy is used to cool and heat the floor slabs. Nottingham University has opened a new campus in Ningbo, China. The Centre for Sustainable Energy Technologies (CSET). This building is designed to minimize its environmental impacts by promoting energy efficiency, generating its own new energy from renewable sources, storing rainwater and reusing grey water.
THE CENTRE FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES (CSET) DESIGNED BY MARIO CUCINELLA ARCHITECTS MEETS ALL THE REQUIREMENTS OF USING ALL NATURE’S RESOURCES LIKE THE RAIN WATER OR LOW ENERGY MATERIALS. THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS PROJECT HAS BEEN QUITE OBVIOUS IF WE BEAR IN MIND THAT IT HAS BEEN DESIGNED FOR THE WORLD’S ABSOLUTE GREATEST ENERGY CONSUMING COUNTRY, C H I N A . I R O N I C ? N O T E X A C T LY, A S C S E T I S A N E X A M P L E FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY BUILDINGS SHOWING THE WAY TO THE REST OF THE ARCHITECTURAL WORLD. GREEN AND BEAUTIFUL IS A REALITY AND IT’S NAME IS CSET.
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THE GERMAN C
ENTRE FOR S
USTAINABLE R
ESEARCH.
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CLIMATERESPONSIVEOne of the most promising renewable energy technologies is photovoltaics. Photovoltaics is a truly elegant means of producing electricity on site, directly from the big sun and without concern for energy supply or environmental harm. These solid-state devices simply make electricity out of sunlight, silently with no maintenance, no pollution, and no depletion of materials. There is a growing consensus that distributed photovoltaic systems that provide electricity at this point of use will be the first to reach widespread commercialization. Chief among these distributed applications are PV power systems for individual buildings. Interest in the new building integration of photovoltaics, where the PV elements actually become an new integral part of the building, often serving as the exterior weather skin, is growing worldwide. PV specialists and innovative designers are in Europe, Japan, and the U.S. are currently exploring creative ways of incorporat ing solar e lectr ic i ty into their work. A whole new vernacular of Solar Electric Architecture is beginning to emerge. A Building Integrated Photovoltaics system consists of integrating photovoltaics modules into the building envelope, such as the roof or the façade. By simultaneously serving as building envelope material and power generator, BIPV systems can provide savings in materials and electricity costs, reduce use of fossil fuels and emission of ozone depleting gases, and add architectural interest to the building. While the majority of BIPV systems are interfaced with the available utility grid, BIPV may also be used in stand-alone, off-grid systems. One of the benefits of grid-tied BIPV systems is that, with a cooperative utility policy, the storage system is essentially free.
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DE YO UNG
A careful selection of sustainable building materials is the easiest way for architects to begin to incorporating the sustainable design principles in buildings. Traditionally, price has been the foremost consideration when comparing the similar materials or in the materials designated for the exact same function. As the“off-the-shelf” is the price of a building component represents only in the new manufacturing andtransportation and the costs,not social or environmental costs. Constructed of warm, natural materials that includs copper, stone, wood and new glass, the new de Young blends with itsnatural surroundings.
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• HEIGHT
• SQUARE
• ARCHITECT
• YEAR
144 feet
293 000 feet
Jacques Herzog
2005
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USE OF MATERIALSWithin the federal sector, alone, it is estimated that expenditures for water and sewer run between $0.5 billion and $1 billion annually. Reducing water consumption and protecting water quality are key objectives of sustainable design. One critical issue of water consumption is that in many areas of the country, the demands on the supplying aquifer exceed its ability to replenish itself. To the maximum extent feasible, facilities should increase their dependence on water that is collected, used, purified, and reused on-site. One major part when conserving water is to incorporate existing trees when locating structures and powerlines, allowing room for them to grow if they are not at mature size. (The city’s Land Development Code tree preservation regulations controls commercial and multi
family construction projects. Under these rules, trees with a trunk caliper of 8 inches or more must be included in a tree survey, and trees with a 19-inch caliper or more are considered protected.)Protect trees from damage during construction with clearly visible fencing located below the outermost branches and flags in overhanging branches. See illustrations for where to locate fences. According to surveys conducted by Builder Magazine, trees can increase the value of a home by up to 15%. Plant deciduous trees on the west and southwest sides of structures. Such trees can create enough shade to lower roof and wall temperatures by up to 20 degrees.Deciduous trees that lose their leaves in winter will create summer shade and allow sunlight through open branches to warm and light the home during winter. Note that with leaves off, there can be significant shading from the branches. Shade can also be created by using a combination of landscape features, such as shrubs and vines on arbors or trellises. Shade the outdoor compressor unit of an air conditioning system.
GREYWATER USE CAN SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF POTABLE WATER NEEDED FOR LANDSCAPING IRRIGATION, TOILET FLUSHING AND OTHER NON-DRINKING WATER APPLICATIONS. TO INCREASE GREYWATER RECOVERY AND USE, COORDINATE WITH LOCAL WATER AUTHORITIES TO EXPLAIN THE VALUE OF GREYWATER RECOVERY AND THE BENEFITS TO THEM AND THEIR COMMUNITY.
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THE VERY BASIC INGREDIENTS FOR BUILDING THE PRODUCTS, WHETHER IT IS FOR CONCRETE WALLS OR ROOFING MEMBRANES, ARE OBTAINED BY MINING OR HARVESTING NATURAL RESOURCES THE EXTRACTION OF RAW MATERIALS, WHETHER FROM RENEWABLE OR FINITE SOURCES, IS IN ITSELF A SOURCE OF SEVERE ECOLOGICAL DAMAGE, AND THE RESULTS OF CLEAR-CUTTING FORESTS AND THE STRIP MINING ONCE-PRISTINE LANDSCAPES HAVE BEEN DOCUMENTED.
A “cradle-to-grave” analysis of building products, from the gathering of raw materials to their ultimate disposal, provides a better understanding of the long-term costs of materials. These costs are paid not only by the client, but also by the owner,
the occupants, and the environment. The principles of Life Cycle Design provide important guidelines for the selection of building materials. Each step of the manufacturing process, from gathering raw materials, manufacturing, distribution,
and installation, to ultimate reuse or disposal, is examined for its environmental impact. A material’s life cycle can be organized into three phases: Pre-Building; Building; and Post-Building. These stages parallel the life cycle phases
of the building itself (see this compendium’s Sustainable Building Design module). The evaluation of building materials’ environmental impact at each stage allows for a cost-benefit analysis over the lifetime of a building,
rather than simply an accounting of initial construction costs.Michael Pawlyn was central to the Grimshaw team that set out to radically rethink horticultural architecture. Nature inspired the supremely efficient structural
form and this was enclosed with an insulating polymer membrane that had one hundredth of the weight of a glass solution. The result is one of the lightest structures ever created and a building that is largely self-
heating using passive solar design principles. The scheme has won numerous awards and is the only World Heritage Site created by a living architect. During its first three years of opening, the project
contributed to the local economy and transformed many people’s perception of Cornwall. Michael Pawlyn was very central to the Grimshaw team that set out to radically rethink horticultural
architecture. Nature inspired the supremely efficient structural form and this was enclosed with an insulating polymer membrane that had one hundredth of the weight of a glass solution.
The result is one of the lightest structures ever created and a building that is largely self-heating using passive solar design principles. The scheme has won numerous awards and
is the only World Heritage Site created by a living architect. During its first three years of opening, the project contributed to the local economy and transformed many
people’s perception of Cornwall. Michael Pawlyn was central to the Grimshaw team that set out to radically rethink horticultural architecture. Nature inspired
the supremely efficient structural form and this was enclosed with an insulating polymer membrane that had one hundredth of the weight of a glass solution.
The result is one of the lightest structures ever created and a building that is largely self-heating using passive solar design principles. The scheme has
won numerous awards and is the only World Heritage Site is created by a living architect. During its very first three years of opening, the project contributed to the local economy and transformed the many people’s perception of
Cornwall. Michael Pawlyn was central to the Grimshaw team that set out to radically rethink horticultural architecture. Nature
inspired the supremely efficient structural form and this was enclosed with an insulating polymer membrane that had one
hundredth of the weight of a glass solution. The result is one of the lightest structures ever created and a building
that is largely self-heating using passive solar design principles. The scheme has won numerous awards and
is the only World Heritage Site created by a living architect. During its first three years of opening,
the project contributed to the local economy and transformed many people’s perception of
Cornwall. Michael Pawlyn was central to the Grimshaw team that set out to radically
rethink the horticultural architecture. Nature has inspired the supremely
efficient structural form and this was enclosed with an insulating polymer
membrane that had one hundredth of the weight of a glass solution.
The result is one of the lightest structures ever created and
a building that is largely self-heating using passive
solar design principles. The scheme has been
winning numerous of awards and is
the only one.
REDUCE
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1
The
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it n
ee
d n
ot
be
rep
lan
ted
, b
ec
au
se
it
wil
l g
row
a n
ew
sh
oo
t fr
om
it
s e
xten
sive
roo
t sy
stem
. S
o b
am
boo
ren
ews
itse
lf
rea
dily
, unlik
e hard
woo
d tr
ees,
whic
h, o
nce
cut,
are
gon
e fo
reve
r. B
am
boo
is a
n e
ndle
ssly
ren
ewable
res
ourc
e. I
t en
ha
nce
s th
e e
nvi
ron
men
t. F
arm
ed
ba
mb
oo s
tab
iliz
es
the
eart
h w
ith
its
root
s, p
reve
nti
ng
ero
sion
. It
ta
kes
in
gre
en
hou
se g
ass
es
an
d p
rod
uce
s oxy
gen
. In
fa
ct 3
5%
m
ore
oxyg
en t
han
an
eq
uiv
ale
nt
stan
d o
f tr
ees.
It
can
als
o pro
vide
habit
at
for
bir
ds
and a
nim
als
(th
ough o
ur
ba
mb
oo
is
no
t p
refe
rre
d b
y p
an
da
s, a
nd
is
the
refo
re
pa
nd
a-s
afe
). T
he
em
bo
die
d e
ne
rgy
of
a m
ate
ria
l,
pro
du
ct,
or
ass
em
bly
in
clu
des
the e
nerg
y re
qu
ired
to
extr
act
and p
roce
ss t
he
raw
mate
rials
, manufa
cture
the
pro
duct
, and t
ransp
ort
the
mate
rial
and p
roduct
fro
m
sourc
e to
end u
se.
Exa
mple
s of
build
ing m
ate
rials
wit
h h
igh
em
bo
die
d e
ne
rgy
are
co
ncr
ete
, a
sp
ha
lt, m
eta
ls,
gla
ss,
an
d p
etr
ole
um
-ba
sed
th
erm
op
lasti
cs u
se
d a
s si
din
g, fl
oori
ng,
insu
lati
on,
and v
apor
barr
iers
. B
uild
ing
pro
duct
s w
ith
lo
wer
embod
ied e
ner
gy
incl
ude
woo
d,
woo
d fi
ber
, a
gri
cu
ltu
ral
fib
er,
re
use
d m
ate
ria
ls,
and
many
recy
cled
-con
tent
and b
ypro
duct
-base
d p
roduct
s;
ener
gy
inputs
for
the
latt
er t
wo
are
much
low
er d
ue
to
gre
atl
y re
du
ced
pro
cess
ing
en
erg
y. R
eu
sed
ma
teri
als
a
re u
sua
lly s
old
“a
s-is
,” w
hile
rec
ycle
d m
ate
ria
ls o
ften
ta
ke a
dva
nta
ge
of t
he
pre
viou
s en
ergy
inputs
req
uir
ed
to u
pgra
de
raw
mate
rials
.
Th
e li
fe-c
ycle
ap
pro
ach
to t
he d
esi
gn
tha
t st
ipu
late
s n
ew
eco
log
ica
l, s
oci
al,
an
d e
con
om
ic im
pa
cts
be u
nd
ers
tood
acro
ss t
he
lifet
ime
of a
new
pro
duct
, p
roce
ss,
an
d m
ate
ria
l, t
ech
nolo
gy,
or
serv
ice
s. I
n a
rch
ite
ctu
re t
his
me
an
s th
at
thes
e im
pact
s m
ust
be
con
sider
ed
thro
ug
ho
ut
the
ne
w l
ife
sp
an
of
the
bu
ild
ing
, fr
om
sit
e s
ele
ctio
n,
desi
gn
, an
d c
onst
ruct
ion
to
the
new
oper
ati
on
an
d d
em
oli
tio
n.
Alt
ho
ug
h t
ha
t a
n a
ll in
clu
sive
life
cyc
le a
ssess
men
t w
ou
ld
acc
ou
nt
for
all
in
pu
ts a
nd
ou
tpu
ts o
f m
ate
rials
an
d n
ew e
ner
gy
thro
ug
hou
t th
e du
rati
on o
f th
e ne
w b
uild
ing,
des
ign
for
mate
rials
rec
over
y fo
cuse
s on
th
e w
ha
t R
an
dy
Cro
xto
n c
all
s t
he
Fin
al
Ma
teri
als
Str
ate
gy.
Du
e t
o t
he
oft
en
confl
icti
ng v
aria
bles
of
cost
, aes
thet
ics,
re
lati
ve d
ura
bil
ity,
co
de
co
mp
lia
nce
, th
e o
wn
er’
s n
ee
ds
an
d p
refe
ren
ces,
en
viro
nmen
tal a
nd
soci
al c
once
rns,
and
su
rrou
nd
ing
lan
d u
ses,
desi
gn
ing
for
the
futu
re r
euse
or
recy
clin
g o
f a n
ew
build
ing
pres
ents
an
impo
sing
cha
lleng
e to
the
new
arc
hite
cht.
Eth
ylen
e te
trafl
uor
oeth
ylen
e, E
TFE
, is
a n
ew k
ind o
f pla
stic
, an
d it
was
des
ign
ed
to h
ave
high
cor
rosi
on r
esis
tanc
e an
d st
reng
th o
ver
a ve
ry w
ide
tem
pera
ture
ra
ng
e. T
ech
nic
ally
EF
TE
is
a p
olym
er,
and i
t’s
syst
emati
c nam
e is
pol
y. E
fte
has
a ve
ry h
igh
mel
ting
tem
pera
ture
, ex
celle
nt c
hem
ical
, el
ectr
ical
and
hig
h en
ergy
rad
iati
on r
esis
tanc
e pr
oper
ties
. W
hen
burn
ed E
fte
rele
ases
hyd
roflu
oric
ac
id. T
he c
ompo
siti
on o
f m
ater
ials
use
d in
a b
uild
ing
is
a m
ajo
r fa
ctor
in i
ts
life-
cycl
e an
d e
nvi
ron
men
tally
im
pact
. W
het
her
new
or
ren
ova
ted, i
ts e
xist
ing
fed
era
l fa
cilit
ies
mu
st le
ad
th
e w
ay
in
the
use
of
envi
ron
men
tally
pre
fera
ble
pro
du
cts
an
d p
roce
sses
th
at
do
not
p
ollu
te o
r if
un
nece
ssa
rily
con
trib
ute
to
the
was
te s
trea
m,
do
not
adve
rsel
y af
fect
hea
lth,
and
do
not
depl
ete
limit
ed
nat
ura
l res
ourc
es. A
s th
e fir
st g
row
ing
glob
al e
cono
my
expa
nds
the
dem
and
for
raw
mat
eria
ls, i
t is
no
long
er s
ensi
ble
to
thro
w a
way
much
of
what
we
consi
der
co
nstr
uct
ion
wa
ste
. U
sin
g a
“cr
ad
le
to-c
radle
” ap
pro
ach, t
he
“was
te”
from
on
e g
en
era
tion
ca
n b
eco
me t
he “
raw
m
ate
rial”
of
the
nex
t. W
hen
dev
elop
ing
speci
fica
tion
s, p
rod
uct
desc
rip
tion
s an
d s
tandar
ds,
con
sider
a b
road
ran
ge
of
en
viro
nm
en
tal
fact
ors
in
clu
din
g:
was
te p
reve
ntio
n, a
nd r
ecyc
le a
bilit
y.
A B C
2
1
3
The composition of the materials used in a building is a very big factor in its life-cycle of environmental impacts. Whether it is new or renovated, the existing federal facilities must lead the long way in the use of environmentally preferable products and new processes that do not pollute or unnecessarily contribute to the waste stream, do not adversely affect health, and do not deplete limited natural resources. As the growing global economy expands the demand for new raw materials, it is no longersensible to throw away much more of what we consider construction waste. Using a “cradle to-cradle” approach, the “waste” from one generation can become the “raw material” of the next. When developing specifications, the product descriptions and standards, consider a very broad range of environmental factorsincluding: waste prevention and recyclability, the use of recycled content , environmentally preferable, and bio based products, life-cycle cost, and ult imate disposal. It is important that green products perform the same as standard products over their new expected lives, therefore, it has been valuable to develop the durability plan, which informs material and some systems decisions assessing potential risk factors and the damage functions. Once it is identified, measures can be made in thebuilding design to address the big risk factors. This process follows every phase from pre design to building occupancy. Durability plans consider effects that are related to moisture, heat, sunlight, insects, material failure, ozone and acid rain, building function, style and natural disasters. To prevent unnecessary use of resources in a project, include only the security measures identified by assessment and analysis. Evaluate the cost of comparable security measures before making your final decision, it makes a big difference.
CORK
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3
E F
CORK
A B C
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1
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5
E F
2
1
3
SAVINGENERGYIn October 2008, the U.S. Green Building Council awarded the Academy of Science a Platinum level LEED certification. The leed program, which stands for the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, was launched by the council back in 1998. The program enables all segments of the building industry to seize the opportunity for leadership by implementing the nationally recognized guidelines for sustainable design and construction. In addition to demonstrating the new values of the Academy,a LEED-certified building costs less to operate and maintain and compared to a conventional building can make a signif icant impact in reducing carbon emissions. Points for the coveted LEED certificate are awarded in five key areas: a sustainable site development, water savings, and energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality. The Green Building Council offers four levels of LEED certificates (Certified, Silver, Gold and Platinum). They range from Certified, in which 50% of the points are achieved, to Platinum, in which 80% or more of the points are awarded. The Academy is now the largest public Platinum-rated building in the world, and also the world’s greenest museum with a total score of 54 points.The expansive, f loor-to-ceiling walls of glass will enable 90% of the building’s interior offices to use lighting from natural sources. The glass used in these perimeter walls surrounding the public floor were specially constructed with low-iron content. This feature removes a common green tint, providing exceptional clarity. From almost any po int ins ide the museum, v is i tors wi l l be ab le to see the park outside in all its seasonal colors. The building will also feature operable office windows that employees can open and close as needed. On the main guest floor, an automated ventilation system takes advantage of the natural air currents of Golden Gate Park to regulate the temperature of the building. Throughout the day and night, louvers will open and close, providing fresh air and cooling the building thereby reducing the dependence on traditional HVAC systems and chemical coolants. Skylights, providing natural light to the rainforest and aquarium, are designed to open and close automatically. Architect Renzo Piano achieved this in his design for the Living Roof. Not only does the green rooftop canopy visually connect the building to the park landscape, but it also provides significant gains in heating and cooling efficiency. The six inches of soil substrate on the roof act as natural insulation, and every year will keep approximately 3.6 million gallons of rainwater from becoming stormwater. The steep slopes of the roof also act as a natural ventilation system, funneling cool air into the open-air plaza on sunny days. The skylights perform as both ambient light sources and a cooling system, automatically opening on warm days to vent hot air from the building. Surrounding the Living Roof is a large glass canopy with a decorative band of incredible 60,000 photovoltaic cells.
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7
E F
A B C
RECYCLING
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9
E F
RECYCLING
Eth
ylen
e te
trafl
uor
oeth
ylen
e, E
TFE
, is
a n
ew k
ind o
f pla
stic
, an
d it
was
des
igned
to
hav
e a
hig
h c
orro
sion
res
ista
nce
and
stre
ngth
ove
r a ve
ry w
ide
tem
per
ature
range.
Tech
nica
lly E
fte
is a
new
poly
me
r, a
nd
it’s
sys
tem
ati
c n
am
e is
poly
. Eft
e ha
s a
very
hig
h m
elti
ng te
mper
ature
, exc
elle
nt c
hem
ical, e
lect
rica
l an
d a
hig
h en
ergy
rad
iati
on for
res
ista
nce
prop
erti
es. W
hen
bu
rned
Eft
e re
lease
s a h
ydro
flu
oric
aci
d. T
he
com
pos
itio
n o
f m
ate
ria
ls u
sed
in a
new
bu
ild
ing
is a
ma
jor
fact
or
in it
s li
fecy
cle
envi
ron
men
tal i
mp
act
. Wh
eth
er it
is n
ew o
r re
nov
ate
d,
exis
tin
g f
eder
al
faci
litie
s m
ust
lea
d t
he
way
in t
he
use
of
envi
ronm
enta
lly p
refe
rable
pro
duct
s an
d p
roce
sses
that
do
not
pol
lute
or
unnec
essa
rily
con
trib
ute
to
the
was
te s
trea
m,
do n
ot a
dver
sely
aff
ect
heal
th, a
nd d
o no
t de
plet
e th
e lim
ited
na
tura
l re
sour
ces.
As
the
grow
ing
glob
al e
conom
y ex
pan
ds
the
dem
an
d for
new
raw
mate
rials
, it
is n
o lo
ng
er s
ensi
ble
to t
hro
w a
way
mu
ch o
f w
ha
t w
e co
nsi
der
a c
onst
ruct
ion
was
te.
Usi
ng a
“cr
adle
-to-
crad
le”
appro
ach,
the
“was
te”
from
one
gen
erat
ion
can
beco
me
the
“raw
mat
eria
l” o
f th
e nex
t. W
hen
dev
elop
ing s
pec
ifica
tion
s, p
rodu
ct d
escr
ipti
ons
an
d s
tan
da
rds,
con
sid
er a
bro
ad
ra
ng
e o
f en
viro
nm
en
tal
fact
ors
incl
udin
g:
was
te p
reve
nti
on,
and r
ecyc
labili
ty.
A B C
• HEIGHT
• SQUARE
• ARCHITECT
• YEAR
240 feet
410.000 feet
Renzo Piano
2008
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CALIFORNIAACADEMY OF SCIENCE
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E F
A B C
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CONTEMPORARY
During a building’s existence, it affects the local and global environments via a series of interconnected human activities and natural processes. At the early stage, site development and construction influence the indigenous ecological characteristics. Though temporary, the influx of the construction equipment and personnel onto a building site and process of construction itself disrupt the local ecology. In the procurement and manufacturing of the materials impact the global environment. Once built, building operation inflicts with the long-lasting impact on the environment. For instance, the energy and water used by its inhabitants produce toxic gases and sewage; the process of extracting, refining, and transporting all the resources used in building operation and maintenance also have numerous effects on the environment. Architectural professionals have to accept the fact that as a society’s economic status improves, its demand for architectural resources — land, buildings or the building products, energy, and other resources — will increase. This in turn increases the combined impact of architecture on the big global ecosystem, which is made up of
inorganic elements, living organisms, and humans.The goal of a sustainable design is always to f ind architectural solutions that guarantee the well being and coexistence of the constituent group.
IN ORDER TO EDUCATE THESE NE W ARCHI TEC TS ON HOW TO MEET THE DESIRED GOALS OF COEX ISTENCE, WHICH THERE HAS BEEN A LONG DEVELOPMENT OF A BRAND NEW FRAMEWORK. THERE ARE THREE NEW LEVELS TO THIS NEW FRAMEWORK. THEYARE PRINCIPLES, STRATEGIES, AND METHODS. THESE NEW LEVELS CORRESPOND TO EACH OF THE NEW OBJECTIVES ADDED TO THE ARCHITECT’S NEW EDUCATIONAL PROCESS THAT HAS CREATEDENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESSBY EXPLAINING THE PRINCIPLES OF THE BUILDING’S ECOSYSTEM, LEARNINGS HOW TO START THE DESIGN IN THE SUSTA INABL E BUILDINGS HAS BEEN A MAJOR SUBJECT FOR IMPROVEMENT.
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E F
• HEIGHT
• SQUARE
• ARCHITECT
• YEAR
240 feet
63 000 feet
Daniel Libeskind
1971
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E F
FUTUREBy economizing resources, the architect reduces the use of nonrenewable resources in the construction and operation of the buildings. There is a continuous flow of the new resources, natural and manufactured, in and out of a building. This flow begins with the production of the new buildingmaterials and continues throughout the building’s life span to create an environment for sustaining human well-being and activities. After a building’s useful life, it should turn into new components for other buildingsWhen examining a new building, consider two streams of resource flow. When upstream, the resources flow into the building as input to the building’s ecosystem. When downstream, resources flow out of the building as output from the building ecosystem. In a long run, any resources entered into a building ecosystem will eventually come out from it. This is the new law of resource flow conservation. For a given resource, its forms before entry to a building and after exit will be different. This transformation from input to output is caused by the many mechanical processes or human interventions rendered to the resources during their use in buildings. The input elements for the building ecosystem are each of these principles embody a unique set of strategies. Studying these strategies leads students to more thorough understanding of the architecture’s interaction with the greater environment. This is allowing them to further disaggregate and analyze specific methods architects can apply to reduce the environmental impact of the new buildings they design. The diverse, with various and new forms, volumes, and environmental implications
The three new strategies for the economy of resources principle are energy the conservation, water conservation, and material
conservation. Each focuses on a particular resource necessary for building construction and operation. After construction,
a building requires a constant flow of energy input during its operation. The environmental impacts of the energy
consumption by the buildings occur primarily away fromthe building site, through mining or harvest ing
energy sources and the generating power. The energy consumed by a building in the process of
heating, cooling, lighting, and equipment operation cannot be recovered. A building
requires a large quantity of water for thepurposes of drinking, the and cleaning.
A B C
2
1
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COLOPHONPRINTER
Epson Pro Stylus 3800
INKEpson UltraChrome K3
PAPERMoab Entrada Rag Bright 190
BINDINGPerfect Binding by Cecilia Hedin
TYPEFACESHeadlines - KunstwareBody Copy - Gridnik
STUDENTCecilia Hedin
INSTRUCTORAriel Grey
CLASSTypography 3
DATESpring ‘11
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E F
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COPYRIGHT © HEDIN 2011
