Sustainable Energy for All - A Global Action Agenda Rio 20 Un

7/31/2019 Sustainable Energy for All - A Global Action Agenda Rio 20 Un

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Pathways for Concerted Action

toward Sustainable Energy for All

SuStainable energyfor allA Global Action Agenda

The Secetay-Geneals High-Level Goupon Sustainable Enegy o All

april 2012


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the Secretary-generalS high-level groupon SuStainable energy for all

Co-Chairs:Kandeh Yumkella, Director-General, UN Industrial Development Organisation; Chair, UN-EnergyCharles Holliday, Chairman, Bank of America

Principals:Farooq Abdullah, Minister of New and Renewable Energy of IndiaSuleiman Jasir Al-Herbish, Director-General, OPEC Fund for International DevelopmentSultan Ahmed Al Jaber, CEO and Managing Director, MASDARAdnan Amin, Director General, International Renewable Energy AgencyPeter Bakker, President of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development

John Browne, Partner and Managing Director, Riverstone HoldingsChen Yuan, Chairman of the Board of Directors, China Development BankSteven Chu, United States Secretary of EnergyHelen Clark, Administrator, United Nations Development ProgrammeLuciano Coutinho, President, Brazilian Development BankBrian Dames, CEO, ESKOMAliko Dangote, President and CEO, Dangote GroupChristine Eibs Singer, CEO, E+CoDitlev Engel, President and CEO, VestasWolgang Engshuber, Chairman, Principles for Responsible InvestmentCarlos Ghosn, Chairman and CEO, Renault-Nissan AllianceWilliam D. Green, Chairman, AccentureTimur Ivanov, Director General, Russian Energy AgencyGeorgina Kessel, Director-General, National Bank of Public Works and Services of MexicoMichael Liebreich, CEO, Bloomberg New Energy FinanceEdison Lobo, Minister of Energy and Mines of BrazilPeter Lscher, President and CEO, SiemensHelge Lund, President and CEO, Statoil

Julia Marton-Levre, Director General, The International Union for Conservation of NatureIbrahim Mayaki, CEO, The New Partnership for Africas DevelopmentMark Moody-Stuart, Chairman, Foundation for the UN Global Compact

Jos da Costa Carvalho Neto, CEO, EletrobrsAndris Piebalgs, European Commissioner for Development

James E. Rogers, Chairman, President & CEO, Duke EnergySanjit Bunker Roy, Founder and Director, Barefoot CollegeShi Zhengrong, CEO, Suntech Power HoldingsAndrew Steer, Special Envoy for Climate Change, World Bank GroupAchim Steiner, Executive Director, United Nations Environment ProgrammeTimothy E. Wirth, President, UN Foundation

Technical Group:

Al Binger, Caribbean Community Climate Change CenterFatih Birol, International Energy AgencyAbeeku Brew-Hammond, Energy Commission for GhanaMark Fulton, Deutsche BankVijay Iyer, World BankDaniel Kammen, University of California, BerkeleySusan McDade, UN Resident Coordinator for UruguayVijay Modi, Columbia UniversityNebojsa Nakicenovic, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis; Vienna University of TechnologyPetter Nore, Norwegian Agency for Development CooperationRichard Samans, Global Green Growth InstituteLeena Srivastava, The Energy and Resources Institute


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SUSTAINABLEENERGYFORALL.ORG 1

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SUSTAINABLEENERGYFORALL.ORG2

preface

In launching the Sustainable Energy for All initiative at the opening of theUN General Assembly in September 2011, my aim was to catalyse action aroundthree clear objectives to be achieved by 2030:

Ensuing univesal access to oden enegy sevices.

oubling the global ate o ipoveent in enegy eciency.

oubling the shae o eneable enegy in the global enegy i.

I asked Charles Holliday and Kandeh Yumkella to lead a High-level Group on Sustainable Energy or All and deliver a GlobalAction Agenda prior to the UN Conerence on Sustainable Development (Rio+20). This document refects their work.

In January, I presented to the General Assembly my ve-year action agenda, The Future We Wanta plan to helpcreate a saer, more secure, more sustainable, more equitable uture. I made Sustainable Energy or All a top prioritybecause it is central to all aspects o sustainable development. That same month, the report o the High-level Panel onGlobal Sustainability, Resilient People, Resilient Planet: A Future Worth Choosing,endorsed the Sustainable Energyor All initiative and said it should be implemented without delay.

That is why I am pleased to receive this Global Action Agenda. We know enough about the need or sustainable energy.Now it is time to act.

By bringing together leaders rom government, nance, business and civil society, we can establish partnerships thatwill make sustainable energy or all a reality. The scale o the global energy transition is too large or governments to lead

alone. Private investment and business engagement will be essential to success. Civil society organizations must helpeect and sustain change.

Increasingly, such partnerships will be central to the UNs work across the breadth o the organisation. That is whyI plan to create a UN partnership acility to support multi-stakeholder engagement as a matter o priority during mysecond term.

The upcoming UN Conerence on Sustainable Development is an opportunity to mobilise support or sustainable energyinvestments. It is an opportunity to put the world on a truly sustainable path: economically, socially, and environmentally.It is our chance to connect the dots among the issues o climate change, energy, water, and ood, healthy oceans, genderempowerment, poverty reduction and global health, and addressing inequality. It is our chance to make growth inclusivewhile respecting planetary boundaries.

Rio is not the end, but the beginning o a multi-year mission on these issues and, especially, on Sustainable Energy or All.

With this Global Action Agenda, let us take action to make it reality.

Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations

April 2012


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foreword

This is the third o the principal documents prepared or the Secretary-Generals Sustainable Energy or All initiative:the Secretary-Generals own vision statement in November charting our course, the Framework or Action we endorsedin January this year, and now this Global Action Agenda. For most advisory groups, that would mean an end. We see itas a beginning.

We agreed to take on the leadership o the Secretary-Generals High-level Group on Sustainable Energy or All or onesimple reason: to spark concrete international action to address the initiatives three objectivesenergy access, energyeciency, and renewable energyin an integrated way. We have reached out to governments, businesses, and civilsociety in designing this agenda, and we have encouraging results to report.

This Global Action Agenda recommends eleven Action Areas to help ocus our eorts and mobilize commitmentstoward the three objectives. Each o the Action Areas includes a number o high-impact opportunities that government,

business, and civil society can rally around.

Many developing countries have expressed interest in participating. Ghana, one o the rst countries to partner with theinitiative, is already developing national energy plans and programmes o action that include policy changes to help unlockprivate investment fow. This begins a new type o partnership between developing countries, which will support reormsto catalyse investment, and development partners, which will provide support through capacity building, policy advice, andinnovative nancing mechanisms.

In Brussels on April 16, Jos Manuel Barroso, President o the European Commission, announced a new initiative calledEnergising Development. It sets an ambitious goalto help provide access to sustainable energy services to 500 millionpeople by 2030. In addition, a Technical Assistance Facility will be supported with 50 million euros over the next twoyears, drawing on EU experts to develop technical expertise in developing countries.

Many are already leading the way. In Brazil, the Light or All initiative has brought about 15 million Brazilians out o

darkness. China has become a world leader in renewable energy. India has set an ambitious target o more than doublingtheir renewable energy capacity in 10 years. And, the Energy+ international partnership demonstrates Norways strongcommitment to universal clean energy access.

We have also heard rom other stakeholders about their plans to announce commitments to action that will move theworld more rapidly toward Sustainable Energy or All. For example, the Clean Energy Ministerial is promoting game-changing initiatives such as the Global Lighting and Energy Access Partnership. And we have heard rom civil society andindividuals all around the worldrom the Institute o Electrical and Electronics Engineers to the rock band LinkinParkabout their desire to engage and support the vision o Sustainable Energy or All.

This is a hopeul start. But the challenge o transorming the worlds energy systems will require the engagement overthe next two decades. The purpose o this Global Action Agenda is to provide a context and guidance or that evolvingwork, to suggest high-impact opportunities, and to attract commitments to action in Rio and beyondor the next 5, 10,and 20 years. The Action Agenda will continue to be rened as we move orward, through consultations acilitated by

the initiative.

These actions will do much to eradicate energy poverty. They will also lead to sustainable growth, the developmento new markets, the creation o new businesses and jobs, and increased global prosperity. The opportunities amountto trillion-dollar markets. We urge you to join us on this adventure.

Chad Holliday and Kandeh Yumkella, Co-Chairs of the High-level Group on Sustainable Energy for All

April 2012


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executive Summary

Enegy is the golden thead that connects economic growth, increased social equity, and an environment that allowsthe world to thrive. Development is not possible without energy, and sustainable development is not possible withoutsustainable energy.

The Sustainable Enegy o All initiative ill catalyse ajo ne investents to speed the tansoation o the oldsenegy systes, pusue the eliination o enegy povety, and enhance pospeity. UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moonhas launched this global initiative to mobilise all stakeholders to take concrete action toward three critical objectives to beachieved by 2030: (1) ensuring universal access to modern energy services; (2) doubling the global rate o improvementin energy eciency; and (3) doubling the share o renewable energy in the global energy mix.

The initiative ill change the gae by intoducing ne public-pivate patneships built o constuctive dialogue onpolicy, investent, and aket developent by govenents, businesses, and civil society. It brings together the global

convening power o the United Nations, the ability to mobilise bold commitments and leverage large-scale investment,and a rapidly expanding knowledge network.

This Global Action Agenda chats a path oad or the initiative and its stakeholders. It also aims to help countriesand stakeholders create their own pathways toward Sustainable Energy or All, based on technology choices that areappropriate to their unique national and local circumstances. It serves as the starting point o a longer journey and isa living and evolving document that will be periodically rened.

The Global Action Agenda identies 11 Action Aeas to achieve the thee objectives. These provide a ramework oridentiying high-impact opportunities; a way to organise multi-stakeholder actions across all relevant sectors o theeconomy; and tangible entry points or stakeholders interested in taking action in specic areas o interest.

The Action Aeas include seven sectoal aeas: (1) modern cooking appliances and uels; (2) distributed electricitysolutions; (3) grid inrastructure and supply eciency; (4) large-scale renewable power; (5) industrial and agricultural

processes; (6) transportation; and (7) buildings and appliances. There are also our enabling Action Areas: (1) energyplanning and policies; (2) business model and technology innovation; (3) nance and risk management; and (4) capacitybuilding and knowledge sharing.

we invite all stakeholdes to take action acoss all elevant sectos. Each Action Area contains a set o high-impactopportunities that will drive transormational change. These high-impact opportunities will be addressed by actions alreadyunder way that align with the objectives o Sustainable Energy or All, as well as actions that arise rom new initiatives andpartnerships. We seek not just participation, but strong collaboration o multiple stakeholders across all relevant sectorso the economy.

This Action Agenda ill acceleate global oentu toad Sustainable Enegy o Allby linking the results o individualactions with its ambitious global objectives. Regular progress assessments will renew a dialogue about the pace and scaleo change. The initiative will acilitate a continued multi-stakeholder dialogue involving all relevant sectors to ensure thatsustainable energy stays at the oreront o political attention.

The initiative ill tack pogess toad the thee objectives ove tie. To instigate and sustain change in the worlds energysystems over the next two decades, the initiative will identiy metrics to measure the progress o actions in both the shortand long term. It will also develop regular assessments o progress toward the three objectives themselves, so that it isclear how much remains to be accomplished, how individual actions are contributing, and where more action is needed.

Sustainable Enegy o All is a call to action o ou collective utue. Working together, we can achieve a broad-basedtransormation o the worlds energy systems over the next 20 years, harnessing the power o technology and innovationin the service o the planetor us, or our children, and or generations yet to come.


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tranSforming the world

through SuStainable

energy for all

1.1 Enegy is the golden thead that connects econoic goth, inceased social equity, and an envionent that allosthe old to thive. Access to energy is a necessary precondition to achieving many development goals that extend arbeyond the energy sectoreradicating poverty, increasing ood production, providing clean water, improving publichealth, enhancing education, creating economic opportunity, and empowering women. The transition to sustainableenergy systems also presents one o the greatest investment opportunities o the 21st century. In short, developmentis not possible without energy, and sustainable development is not possible without sustainable energy.

1.2 Secetay-Geneal an Ki-oon has launched a global initiative to achieve Sustainable Enegy o All by 2030.All stakeholders are urged to take concrete action toward three critical objectives: (1) ensuring universal access tomodern energy services; (2) doubling the share o renewable energy in the global energy mix; and (3) doubling theglobal rate o improvement in energy eciency.

1.3 realising these objectives will equie a decisive shit away om business as usual. There is already growing momentumor cleaner and more ecient energy solutions that can leaprog existing systems, much as mobile technologyrevolutionised telecommunications. Many governments and businesses are acting to speed this transition. However,much more action is needed to address regulatory and inrastructure challenges within and beyond the energy sector.Establishing enabling conditions or private investment is critical, because the market will not deliver such a shitwithout policies that encourage sustainable energy technologies, including, where appropriate, special assistance orlow-income individuals and communities. Signicant human and nancial capital must be mobilised, and the private

1

Figure 1: All three objectives are necessary for long-term sustainable development.


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sector must be rigorously engaged. This action must be taken urgently to counter the expected headwinds o populationgrowth, climate change, and increasing resource scarcity. No less than a worldwide eort is required to accelerate thetransition, given the scale o both the challenges and the opportunities.

1.4 The pusuit o Sustainable Enegy o All ill catalyse a tansoation in the olds enegy systes toad an

equitable and sustainable utue. It must proceed rom a new spirit o dialogue and collaboration, so that energy in2030 is much more widely shared, cleanly produced, and eciently used. Transorming the worlds energy systemswill lead to new multi-trillion-dollar investment opportunities to eliminate energy poverty, integrate and balanceconventional and renewable energy sources, and enhance prosperity in developed and developing countries alike.

1.5 The Sustainable Enegy o All initiative ill change the gae and add value by pesenting a ne patten opatneship, built rom constructive dialogue on policy, investment, capacity building, and market developmentby governments, businesses, and civil society. The initiative provides an unrivalled platorm to accelerate thetransormation o the worlds energy systems, because it brings together:

A clearly articulated global visionand objectives that can orientactions and be fexibly adapted tounique local circumstances.

An unparalleled convening powerpower that will help build a commonagenda, spur concerted actiontoward shared goals, and bring aboutgreater coordination o develop-ment assistance at the global andnational levels (e.g., through the UNResident Coordinators and the UNGlobal Compact Local Networks).

The ability to mobilise boldcommitments engaging the broadestrange o possible stakeholders to work toward a dened global vision and nationally tailored objectives.

A shared commitment by all partners that ensures the highest degree of coordination to eectively identiy synergies andoster multi-stakeholder partnerships to address collective action problems across all relevant sectors o the economy.

A capacity to leverage large-scale investment by ostering the enabling conditions or success, including innovativeapproaches to mitigate risk, and tapping into a broad array o businesses and nanciers.

A large and rapidly expanding knowledge network to identiy and disseminate successul ideas and establish multiplecommunities o practice.

1.6 The initiative ebaces a set o guiding pinciples that stee its opeation. These include: ull inclusion o all parties,collaboration to catalyse action at all levels, transparency by all stakeholders on commitments made, dissemination olessons and best practices, and acceptance o a diversity o approaches, including technology choices based on uniquenational and local circumstances.

1.7 This docuent chats a path oad o the initiative and its stakeholdes by identiying critical Action Areas andproviding a roadmap or next steps.1 It also aims to help countries and stakeholders create their own pathways towardSustainable Energy or All. It is the starting point o a longer journeya living and evolving document that will beperiodically rened. As the initiative proceeds, actions are implemented, and lessons are learned, the high-impactopportunities identied here will be modied, strategies updated, and new milestones pursued.

1 The Global Action Agenda builds on the oundation o previous documents prepared by the Secretary-Generals High-level Group on SustainableEnergy or All: The Secretary-Generals vision statement presents the case or change and denes the initiatives three objectives. The Framework for

Action identies the value o participation or each major stakeholder group, the benets o stakeholder collaboration, the structure o the commitmentprocess, and the guiding principles o the initiative. The Action Agenda also is inormed by the work oits task forces, including their technical reports,which detail the rationale or action on each objective and refect the best practices o businesses engaged in the UN Global Compact.

Figure 2: Value proposition of Sustainable Energy for All


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action areaS

2.1 To ealise a utue ith Sustainable Enegy o All, leadeship is needed o all stakeholde goups acoss anyelevant sectos o the econoy. Progress depends on recognizing the interconnectedness o these stakeholders:

ational govenments must design and implement a set o integated county actions to dive tansomativechange o the wolds enegy systems. To spur investment, action is needed to create national policy and nancial

environments that enable change which the market alone will not deliver. This applies to both developing anddeveloped countries, although the challenges to be overcome in each case may be substantially dierent.Business and civil society should be engaged in the preparation o these plans and programmes.

Pivate secto leadeship is also undaental to the initiative, given the role o businesses as solution providersand primary drivers o investment. Most Action Areas involve technology providers, project developers, energyutilities and service providers, providers o nance, and users o energy resources and services. As energy is crucialto business activity, the business opportunities in leading the transormation are clear.

ivil society oganizations ae needed to eect and sustain change. Their role is undamental in identiying,advocating, and monitoring public policy and business action; mobilising social innovation and grassroots action;leading behavioural change; and helping to spread best practices and building capacity at all levels in partnershipwith governments and businesses.

2.2 To ake the vision o Sustainable Enegy o All actionable, the thee coe objectives have been disaggegatedinto 11 Action Aeas. These are intended to provide:

A aeok o identiying high-ipact oppotunities andcataloguing existing and potential initiatives that can urtherthe three objectives.

A ay to oganise ulti-stakeholde actions across all relevantsectors o the economy toward the objectives.

A tangible enty point o stakeholdes interested in takingaction in specic areas o interest.

2.3 The 11 Action Aeas ae synthesised o the ok o the initiatives

task oces.

2

Together they address almost 95% o global energyconsumption, key components o productive energy use, and thesupporting mechanisms needed to overcome the most commonimpediments to action. They also aggregate in coherent groups thehigh-impact opportunities the task orces identied.3

2 The Task Forces, comprised o members o the High-level Group and technical advisors, were asked to elaborate on the rationale or action oneach objective. For a detailed discussion o each Action Area, reer to the illustrations at the end o this document.

3 Task Force 1 ocused on steps to achieve the energy access objective. Task Force 2 assessed opportunities or advancing the energy eciencyand renewables objectives. Task Force 3 engaged the business network o the High-level Group and the UN Global Compact to compile bestpractices. Task Force 4 identied opportunities and strategies or public engagement and communications.

2

Figure 3: From vision to initiatives


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2.5 Each o the seven sectoal Action Aeas suppots one o oe o the thee ain objectives.

(A) moden cooking appliances and uels: Providing access to modern energy services or those who lack clean andecient equipment such as stoves and uels.

High-impact opportunities: Building sustainable local value chains or clean and ecient cooking solutions;building market demand by raising awareness o their health, economic, environmental, and gender benets;investing in the inrastructure and local distribution supply chains required or cleaner uels (e.g., ethanol andLPG); developing tiered standards or eciency, emissions and saety; and designing cooking appliances thatmeet consumer needs and price points.

(B) istibuted electicity solutions: Providing access to electricity through o-grid, micro- and mini-grid solutions,including targeted applications or productive uses.

High-impact opportunities: Clean energy mini/micro-gridsolutions or rural and targeted industrial applications,using both renewables and conventional sources; locallyappropriate regulatory rameworks to incentivise and

support commercially viable investments in decentralisedelectricity solutions; deployment o o-grid renewables andlighting and charging systems, including solar lighting; andsel-contained systems that provide uninterrupted powerwhen the grid ails.

(C) Gid inastuctue and supply eciency: Extending the electricity grid and increasing the eciency o energygeneration, transmission, and distribution.

High-impact opportunities: Traditional grid expansion to unconnected areas; strengthening transmission anddistribution networks to reduce losses and improve reliability; regional interconnections to improve perormance;improving the eciency o existing conventional energy generation and interaction between ossil and non-ossiluels; smart grid technology solutions and grid-scale storage; and redesign o existing plants and networks toacilitate long-distance transmission in a more volatile supply-and-demand environment.

(D) Lage-scale eneable poe: Accelerating the build-outo grid-connected renewable energy solutions and theassociated transmission and distribution inrastructure.

High-impact opportunities: Onshore and o-shore wind,solar photovoltaics (PV), solar thermal, concentrating solarpower, geothermal, hydropower, and bioenergy, along withspecic policies and business models to support them(e.g., grid access, eed-in taris, portolio standards, andpublic auctions).

(E) ndustial and agicultual pocesses: Improving productioneciency, both directly and in the supply chain, and

converting rom chemical to biological eedstocks.

High-impact opportunities: Elimination o gas faring anddevelopment o local gas markets; variable-speed motors;energy management practices and systems (e.g., in cementand steel industries); conversion o waste to energy; improvedprocess and system design; cogeneration systems (combinedheat and power); renewable desalination; energy-ecientirrigation pumps; and energy-smart agriculture.

ExAmPLE: TheLighting a Billion Lives initiativeaims to bring light into the lives of people in ruralareas, in India and across the world, by replacingkerosene lamps and candles with solar lighting

devices, and by providing livelihood opportunitiesat the individual and village levels.

ExAmPLE: TheGlobal Gas Flaring ReductionPartnership brings oil-producing countries,state-owned companies and international oilcompanies together to discourage the practiceof aring natural gas. The partnership worksto overcome barriers to change by sharing bestpractices and implementing country-specicprograms, promoting eective regulatory frame-works, and tackling constraints on gas utilisation.

ExAmPLE: The Sustainable Development ofHydropower initiative engages governments andprivate sector participants to promote the sharingof expertise, best practices, and methodologiesrelated to the sustainability and nancing ofhydropower as well as to motivate multilateraldeveloping and nancing agencies to considersustainable hydropower in their portfolios ofpossible energy solutions for developing countries.


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(F) Tanspotation: Increasing uel eciency or all classes o vehicles, increasing the share o renewables in the uelsupply, alternatives to personal vehicles and reight transport, and public transit-oriented urban development.

High-impact opportunities: Eciency programmes or internal combustion engines and vehicle design; alternativeuel vehicles, including fex-uel, hybrid, and electric vehicles (EVs); new power trains or alternative uels; use orenewable uels; uel eciency and uel quality standards; overall transportation demand reduction; eco-drivingprogrammes, expanded and more ecient public transport; electrication o rail systems; and reight modeshiting (e.g., rom trucks to trains).

(G) uildings and appliances: Improving eciency throughthe proper design, insulation, and retrot o buildingsand incorporating renewable sel-generation optionswhere easible, together with more ecient consumerappliances and equipment.

High-impact opportunities: Public / residential / commercialbuildings, cool roos, building integrated solar PV, andsmall-scale renewables such as rootop solar and solar

hot water; sectoral eciency labels and perormancestandards; well enorced building codes; demand-sidemanagement programmes and advanced technologies to enable energy-saving behaviour and shit demandacross time; advanced lighting, space cooling and heating, and rerigerators; and wider adoption and enorcemento regional minimum eciency standards and comparable test procedures by industry and local governments.

2.6 The ou enabling Action Aeas include coss-cuttingechaniss that suppot the sectoal Action Aeas at thecounty, egional, and local levels.

(W) Enegy planning and policies at all levels: Promoting directpublic action and improving the legal and administrative contextor successully engaging the private sector and civil society.

High-impact opportunities: Reviewing and updating nationalenergy targets and plans, including those or energy access,renewables, and eciency; and creating stable policyenvironments, institutional rameworks and governance,and policies that support private investment in sustainableenergy technologies.

(X) usiness odel and technology innovation: Developingnew approaches to overcome barriers that have impededthe deployment o sustainable energy services andtechnologies in the past, deliver aordability and reliability,and develop incentives or innovation.

High-impact opportunities: Models or delivering modernenergy services that do not involve the national electricitynetwork; public-private partnerships with local utilities; match-making between small enterprises and internationalcompanies in niche markets; support or start ups and small-to-medium enterprises to achieve scale; consumercredit or energy and appliances; technology innovation policies, including unding or research and development,demonstration projects, knowledge and technology transer; technology adaptation; and payment plans thatovercome consumer resistance to high up-ront costs o energy-ecient products through energy savings.

ExAmPLE: The Super-ecient Equipment andAppliance Deployment initiative under theClean Energy Ministerial engages governmentsand private sector participants to promote moreefcient products through incentives, procurement,and awards; bolster regional eciency standardsand labels; and strengthen coordinated technicalanalysis to identify cost-eective eciency

opportunities.

ExAmPLE: TheEnergy+ international partnership,started by Norway in 2011, aims to increaseenergy access at scale and reduce greenhouse gasemissions in developing countries by applyinga sector-level approach that leverages privatecapital and carbon market nancing. It is creatingtechnical, policy and institutional frameworksthat a country needs to access private nancing

for low carbon development.

ExAmPLE: Renewable Readiness Assessmentsby the International Renewable Energy Agencyallow national governments to assess and createclear and transparent policy frameworks, and todevelop the institutional capacity and strategiesrequired to support the deployment of renewableenergy technologies. The methodology was applied

to two countries in 2011 and will be further rolledout in 2012.


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(Y) finance and isk management: Promoting instruments toreduce risk and increase private investment in sustainable energythrough the targeted use o public and philanthropic capital .

High-impact opportunities: Political and regulatory risk insurance,loan guarantees, rst-loss coverage, subsidies and taris;advance commitments or technology innovation; linkage osmall and medium enterprises (SMEs) with local nancial institutions; energy savings perormance contracting;government procurement o new and existing technologies; climate nance and consumer credit; and mechanismsto mitigate energy price volatility.

(Z) apacity building and knoledge shaing: Developing humanand institutional capacity and adopting successul strategiesproven elsewhere or aster replication across the world.

High-impact opportunities: Global and regional energyresource mapping; a best practices database; institutionalsupport or local governments; training o policy makers and

maintenance and instalment engineers; policy and operationaltoolkits; and a technical assistance acility or developingenergy access plans and projects.

2.7 Success in each Action Aea ill equie not just the paticipation but the collaboation o ultiple stakeholdesacoss all elevant sectos o the econoy. Governments, businesses, and civil society organisations all haveimportant and complementary roles to play; specically how they participate will vary by Action Area. Below arerepresentative examples o the types o engagement expected rom each stakeholder group:

eveloping county govenents must create conditions that enable growth by establishing a clear vision,national targets, policies, regulations, and incentives that link energy to overall development, whilestrengthening national utilities. Institutional rameworks have to be put in place to ensure transparency anda high degree o predictability as a precondition or attracting private investment. They should also build onexisting national plans to advance energy access and promote eciency and renewables in ways that respondto national circumstances and priorities. For example, one country might commit to improving the eciencyo cookstoves and supporting the sae and sustainable sourcing o modern uels or domestic use, while anothermight commit to acilitating the development o grid-scale geothermal power.

eveloped county govenents must ocus internally on eciency and renewables while externally supportingall three objectives through international action. They can elaborate on current plans to increase the deploymento domestic renewable energy and improve energy eciency through the entire value chain, rom production oprimary energy through the use o energy services. They can also provide public capital or technical assistance,to support pilot projects or demonstrations, or to und instruments that reduce private-sector risk. All o thesestrategies can be used both to drive domestic action and to support developing countries.

regional and local govenents are very important players: Cities already account or three quarters o totalnal energy consumption and hal o the worlds economic output; i current trends continue, 65% o the

worlds population will be living in urban areas by 2030. In this context, regional and local governments, urbanplanners, and transportation authorities can have a great impact on the uture o sustainable energy. They candesign policies and investments to encourage greater use o public transit, promote bicycling and walking, orspeed the adoption o alternative-uel vehicles by investing in reuelling inrastructure. Governments can alsoinvest in retrotting public buildings, which represent more than hal o the total building stock that is projectedto consume 40% o global energy by 2030.

The European Commissions EnergisingDevelopment initiative aims to provideaccess to sustainable energy services for anadditional 500 million people in developing

countries by 2030.

ExAmPLE: TheClean Energy Solutions Centershares policy best practices, data, and analyticaltools across countries, and serves as a rst-stopclearinghouse for clean energy resources. It oerscustomized policy assistancethrough direct, no-costaccess to experts and online trainingto help

countries tailor solutions to their needs and fosterinternational collaboration on policy innovations.


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onos and ultilateal institutions are critical to mobilising large resources or country action. They canprovide technical assistance and policy guidance, support knowledge and capacity building, and share bestimplementation practices, as well as make direct nancial investments. For example, a multilateral bankcould work to strengthen local nancial institutions to stimulate investment in energy access and clean

energy projects. usinesses will have dierent roles to play, depending not only on the Action Area being addressed but also

on their size, the type o product or service they provide, and the value proposition that presents itsel. Largeinternational corporations can take the lead in their own sectorse.g., by mobilising their industries to commonaction. For example, an automaker could lead an initiative to accelerate the adoption o electric vehicles, whilea leading LED manuacturing company and a solar panel manuacturer could jointly undertake a solar lanterninitiative with a smaller local business that has experience delivering products and services to rural communities.Financial services companies can oer guidance to governments on policies to increase private-sector investment,and then raise or provide targeted nancing or initiatives that will generate returns or could partner with energyservice companies that share the perormance and/or the credit risk. Technology companies can undertakeresearch and development to bring orward new technologies or adapt existing technologies to new circumstances.All companies, large and small, can make commitments to increase their energy eciency and use o renewablesin their own operations and supply chains.

ivil society oganisations (CSOs) are well positioned to make use o their unique fexibility, ocused mission,and oten their proximity to the energy poor to promote community dialogue, engagement, and support.Leading global organisations can participate in multi-stakeholder sectoral initiatives, either on their own initiativeor in collaboration with businesses. In the transport sector, or example, CSOs could lead a global campaign oneco-driving to change driver behaviour. To spur capacity building, CSOs can provide training programmes to helpcommunities implement sustainable energy initiatives, such as electriying villages through solar power. They canidentiy technology and supply chain gaps that are crucial to scale up and help address them. Where mini-grid oro-grid solutions are appropriate, CSOs can oer innovative mechanisms to lower up-ront costs to consumersand develop business models and supply chains that attract investment, delivering energy access in areas whereully commercial approaches lag

2.8 ollaboations aong these stakeholdes ill take any dieent os and cut acoss all sectos.Examples could

include international nancial institutions providing risk guarantees to private investors; policy makers and civil societygroups working together to set standards and ensure product quality; mobile phone companies partnering withnational utilities to make electricity aordable to the very poor; transportation and urban planners jointly designinglow-carbon cities; and volunteer experts around the world sharing best practices with policy makers who are newto the eld. The opportunities are as diverse as are the ways to produce and use energy.


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MAKING IT HAPPEN: METRICS OF PROGRESS

3.1 The Sustainable Enegy o All initiative seeks to ipove the lives o billions o people acoss the old and ensue

a oe sustainable utue by tansoing the olds enegy systes. Because access to energy is an essential meanso supporting societal progress, rather than an end in itsel, the energy transormation must be coordinated with social,economic, and environmental development.

3.2 Achieving this tansoation by 2030 equies both shot-te and long-te pogess etics.

The short-term need is to raise the global prole o the initiative. This can be achieved by mobilising a set orst-mover countries, along with commitments to action rom leading businesses, to show what is possible.

The long term need is or an eective coordination structure that can sustain momentum over the next twodecades and mainstream the initiatives core objectives in political and business decisions.

3.3 metics o pogess should cove both the Action Aeas and suppoting activities. They ust be ully developedgoing oad and should be designed to poote tanspaency about the initiatives pogess, hile also engagingthe global public.

Indicators of progress could include:

Acceleating county action, as measured by participation, policy and regulatory change, and the numbero additional beneciaries.

iving sectoal action, as measured by the number o stakeholders and the resources mobilised or high-impactopportunities, as well as the coverage and diversity o actors and initiatives.

eveloping enabling action, as measured by the amount o private investment leveraged by the public resources,the level o capacity developed, and the extent o knowledge sharing.

Supporting activities indicators include:

Pooting accountability and tanspaency based on regular onitoing o pogess through simple butcredible success metrics.

mobilising global public engageent by raising awareness about the objectives o Sustainable Energy or Alland continually expanding outreach to stakeholders.

3implementation roadmap


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immediate term

(by Rio+20)

Accountability aeokin place to measureprogress o individualinitiatives and overallobjectives

messaging developedand awareness campaignlaunched

Short term

(to 2015)

Tacking /publishing o pogessby all participating stakeholders(i.e., governments, businessesand CSOs).

Tanspaent and accessibleplato in place or sel-reporting on ullment ocommitments to action

nceased eb pesence,continued growth in publicawareness

longer term

(2015 to 2030)

nstitutional eedbackloops created between themonitoring and reportingo progress and strategicplanning processes

Pogess updatesincorporated in routinereporting processes

Tageted eot launchedto reach groups in needo specic support

Accountability andmonitoring mechanisms

Public engagement

SupportingactivitieS

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Table 1: Illustrative Action Area metrics toward Sustainable Energy for All

Table 2: Illustrative supporting activities metrics toward Sustainable Energy for All

immediate term

(by Rio+20)

eveloping counties:Development/updatingo national energy actionplans initiated

eveloped counties:Political support mobilisedor domestic andinternational action towardthe Sustainable Energyor All objectives

flagship initiatives initiatedin each Action Area, ledby multiple stakeholders(businesses, CSOs,governments)

resouces committedto enable country actionsand fagship activities(including technical

assistance resources)

Knoledge anageentnetoks / inrastructuredesigned

Short term

(to 2015)

eveloping counties:

National and regional energy action plansin place to achieve tailored objectives

National capacities and policiesstrengthened or investment readiness

Active energy programmes in place withsucient investment

eveloped counties:

Policies and programmes in place tomake progress toward tailored objectives

measuable pogess on fagship initiativeSubstantial goth in the number oactions under way

Key coss-sectoal oppotunities identied(e.g., water and energy)

nceasing uptake by SMEs / grassrootsCSOs / local governments / municipalities

Pedictable nancing instuentsestablished to support initiatives requiringpublic / donor nance

Knoledge anageent netoks in place,including global best practice databasesand tools enhanced or easy access

ready access to epets to providetechnical support or policy creation

longer term

(2015 to 2030)

Appopiate policies,legal, scal and regulatoryrameworks, and standardsimplemented at all levelsand across all sectors toachieve nationally tailoredobjectives

Signicant nube opeople nely gained accessto modern energy services

nitiatives incorporated incontinual improvementprocess

Going investent(all areas)

nstitutional and nancialcapacity to sustain eortscontinually strengthened

Pivate nancing leveragedby public resources,commensurate to thelevel required or meeting

Sustainable Energy or Allobjectives at all levels

Country action

Sectoral action

Enabling action

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ACCELERATING GLOBAL MOMENTUM

3.4 The Sustainable Enegy o All initiative ill sustain and acceleate global oentu i individual actions at all levelscan be eectively linked ith its abitious global objectives. To maintain momentum and ocus, two activities areneeded: (1) tracking global progress toward the three core objectives; and (2) using regular assessments to sparkcontinued global dialogue.

3.5 oth stakeholdes and obseves ust be able to assess global pogess and easue and ecognize success at alllevels o the vision pyaid (shown in Figure 3). Such assessments can be built on existing data collection, reportingprocesses, and initiatives to improve measurement tools (e.g., by the IEA, World Bank, ESMAP, UN), but more datais needed. Tracking and meeting the progress metrics discussed above will ensure that the initiative is moving orward.Individual commitments to action and high-impact opportunities will have their own milestones. At the same time, andmore importantly, an overall assessment o progress toward the three objectivesenergy access, share o renewables,and rate o energy eciency improvementwill be needed so that it is clear where we stand, how much remains tobe accomplished, how individual actions are contributing, and where more action is needed. This assessment should becarried out at two levels:

At the global level, disparate analyses will need to be assembled and consolidated to assess the reach o energyaccess, the share o renewables, and the rate o improvement o energy eciency to assess whether the worldis on track to achieve the objectives o Sustainable Energy or All. Such global tracking can be presented visually(e.g., through a Sustainable Energy or All ticker).

At the Action Aea level, specic metrics will need to be used to assess whether sucient progress is being maderelative to the potential contribution o each Action Area, and highlighted on knowledge sharing platorms.

3.6 Tacking pogess toad Sustainable Enegy o All ill popt a continued global dialogue.Each global progressassessment will renew debate about the pace and scale o change. The Sustainable Energy or All initiative mustacilitate this conversation at all levels and across all stakeholders. Doing so will ensure that the initiative continuesto draw the ocused attention and discourse o governments, the private sector, and civil society.

3.7 This continued dialogue ill povide a basis o egulaly updating the Action Agenda, hich should be vieed asa living and evolving docuent. Results o the global assessment will enable participants and other stakeholders torevisit the Action Agenda and rene and steer its priorities to address changing needs at the national and global levels,helping to ensure that the initiative remains relevant and eective rom now until 2030.


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We need innovation to spread throughout the worldespecially where energy demand is growing fastest.

We need partnerships with the private sector, the

global engine of growth and the primary source

of new investments.

Supplying modern energy services to the billionswho now lack electricity and clean fuels is not just

a moral imperative but a unique business opportunity

a huge market in itself and one that will create

new levels of prosperity and demand for goods and

services of all kinds. Chad Holliday and Kandeh Yumkella, Co-Chairs of the High-level Group on Sustainable Energy for All

Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations


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mobiliSing action

4.1 mobilising action o all stakeholdes is at the heat o the Sustainable Enegy o All initiative, since only engagedstakeholders can take the concrete steps needed to achieve the three core objectives. Thus, the success o theinitiative hinges on its ability to secure commitments to action, eect changes in the parameters or action, andpromote successul outcomes through eective and transparent accountability mechanisms. The Secretary-Generalwill use his convening power to mobilise action by stakeholders and build and leverage a global network to drivethe initiative.

4.2 mebes o the High-level Goup and thei patnes ae eaching out to thei sectoal and geogaphic netoks tocatalyse and acceleate collaboative action and bing scale to the pocess. In the short term, the ocus is on engaginga wide variety o global stakeholders to make commitments to action on high-impact opportunities. In addition, theUN Global Compact is involving a large number o companies and relevant industry associations through their globaland national networks. These eorts seek to strengthen existing initiatives by all partners to mainstream sustainableenergy concerns into their programmes, identiy new opportunities, and develop individual actions and collaborativepartnerships or action.

4.3 Scaled-up eots to achieve Sustainable Enegy o All ill equie eective coodination capacity at the global andnational levels, as ell o specic actions, to ensue continued engageent and eective delivey thoughoutthe lie o the initiative. Operational arrangements should leverage existing institutional structures, taking ull

advantage o available delivery mechanisms and the diverse capacities o a network o partners, including internationalorganisations, businesses, and civil society organisations. Key unctions to be addressed include strategic planning;acilitating multi-stakeholder dialogue; coordinating country action and high-impact opportunities; supporting policyanalysis, knowledge management, technical advisory services, and communications; monitoring, reporting andaccountability; and mobilising partnerships and resources. Such operational arrangements need to be ormalised inthe short to mid term to support continued engagement over the lie o the initiative.

4.4 Achieving the thee objectives is ithin each i all stakeholdes coe togethe and act. This Action Agenda builds onan emerging groundswell o international support or change. Governments, businesses and civil society organizationshave already taken important steps. The Sustainable Energy or All initiative will ensure that these leaders are joined ina broader global movement to provide economic opportunity, protect the global environment, and enhance equity.

4.5 Sustainable Enegy o All is a call to action o ou collective utue. Working together, we can achieve a broad-basedtransormation o the worlds energy systems over the next 20 years and build a better world or our children and or

generations yet to come.

action area illuStrationS

4


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This section descibes the Action Aeas in oe detailwhich objectives they primarily address and what set okey actions they include.

fo each aea, eaples o high-ipact oppotunities aound ae pesented, around which actions can bemobilized and coordinated or maximum impact. High-impact opportunities can take the orm o technologydevelopment and deployment, policies, institutional building, or the removal o barriers. New high-impact op-portunity areas will be added when and as needed.

Lastly, eaples o eisting initiatives ae povided, linked to one or more high-impact opportunities. Theseexamples illustrate the kinds o actions, investments, and stakeholder engagement that the Sustainable Energyor All initiative seeks to catalyse and build upon. These examples are not meant to be comprehensive; rather,they are presented or illustrative purposes only, based mainly on contributions rom High-level Group members.

The section should be used as a tool

fo govenents: to provide a diagnostic assessment o what areas their country has already addressed andidentiy where urther action can be taken.

fo businesses: to spot opportunities or action and investments.

fo civil society oganisations: to identiy opportunities or renewed ocus and eort, or coordination withother stakeholders, and or scaling up existing programmes.


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(a) modern cooKing applianceS and fuelS

CONTExT

The Action Area o modern cooking appliances and uels supports the initiatives objective o ensuring universal accessto modern energy services or the 2.7 billion people who currently rely on polluting and inecient stoves and uels orcooking. Increased deployment and use o clean and ecient stoves and uels will save lives, improve livelihoods, empowerwomen, and combat climate change.

This Action Area includes all options that enable households to shit to cleaner uels and stoves, including cookstovesuelled by cleaner uels such as biogas, solar, ethanol, propane, or liquid petroleum gas (LPG), and advanced biomasscookstoves. Extending access to clean cooking uel leads to a our- to ve-time increase in energy eciency or cookingservices. The IEAs World Energy Outlook 2011 estimates that $74 billion in cumulative additional investment will be neededto provide universal access to modern cooking acilities by 2030. The report estimates that such stoves will burn biogas(~50%), LPG (~25%), and biomass (~25%).

Other relevant high-impact opportunities can be found under Enabling Action Arease.g., national policies, nance, capacitybuilding, and business models.

Eaples o initiatives that could all into this Action Aea ae: the ACP-EU Energy Facility and the Global Alliance orClean Cookstoves, led by the United Nations Foundation, which has six objectives: (1) catalyze the sector and brokerpartnerships, (2) promote international standards and testing, (3) champion the issue, (4) coordinate sector knowledgeand research, (5) enable markets, and (6) mobilize resources.

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HGH-mPAT PPrTTES THS AT ArEA:

Ex. A1) Action to be taken (primary stakeholder to drive opportunity, if relevant)

A1) evelop industy standads o eciency, saety, and eission eduction, based ontesting and certication (Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, stove manufacturers)

A2) Advocate o and educate consues about the ipotance and health econoic,envionental, and gende benets o clean cooking through capacity building, awarenesscampaigns and womens networks

A3) evelop oe ecient stoves and design poducts that eet consue deand(stove manufacturers, womens groups, and researchers)

A4) pleent policy aeoks, tain entepeneus and develop sustainable value chainsand obust inastuctue or clean and ecient cookstoves and uels

A5) evelop nancing schemes to provide credit to households that cannot aord theup-ront costs or ecient biomass stoves, LPG burners and other modern cooking equipment


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(b) diStributed electricity SolutionS

CONTExT

The Action Area o distributed electricity solutions supports the initiatives energy access objective or the 1.3 billionpeople who currently lack access to electricity and or another billion people who have power only intermittently.It complements the Action Area on grid inrastructure and supply eciency.

This Action Area includes all distributed options or electrication, which range rom island-scale grid inrastructure tomini-grids to much smaller o-grid decentralised individual household systems. Ultimately some o these systems maybe connected to the grid. Distributed electricity solutions are essential or those regions that rely on uel imports orenergy (e.g., islands) and will not be connected to the grid in the oreseeable uture. Experience has shown the bestprogress has come in developing countries that pursued strategies and policies to expand access to all (i.e., both urban andrural communities) by including the ull range o electrication options in a balanced way. The World Energy Outlook 2011concludes that grid extension is the best option or achieving universal access in all urban areas but in only 30% o ruralareas. The IEA projects that around 45% o the additional connections needed or universal access will come rom gridexpansion, while the remaining 55% will depend on micro-grids and o-grid solutions.


Eaples o initiatives that could all into this Action Aea ae: Global LEAP; Lighting Arica and Lighting Asia, driven bythe World Bank and IFC; Lighting a Billion Lives under TERI; the World Banks Renewable Energy or Rural EconomicDevelopment programme in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka; regional development banks distributed energy projects such asthose promoted under Energy or All by ADB and by ADB under the Scaling-Up Renewable Energy Programme inLow Income Countries; ACP-EU Energy Facility; the Pacic Islands Greenhouse Gas Abatement through RenewableEnergy Project o UNDP/GEF; the Climate Institutes Global Sustainable Energy Islands Initiative; IRENAs Initiative onRenewables and Islands; and the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) Sustainable Energy Initiative.

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B1) Povide egulatoy suppot o scalable and sustainable business and nancial odelsor existing options such as:

solar home system development and deployment (including consumer nancing)

clean energy mini-/micro-grid solutions using both renewables and conventionalsources or rural applications, health care settings, solar-powered street lighting andenergy or small businesses and agricultural purposes.

lighting, charging, and basic electrication

sel-contained systems that provide uninterrupted power when the grid ails

B2) recognize consue needs and povide distibuted electicity solutions that suppotpoductive use and econoic developent through local business creation

B3) Tain local citizens to sell and service distributed electricity solutions and ceate viablesupply chains or upgrading and maintenance

B4) evelop and ipleent sall-scale eneable enegy and sat gid solutionsor areas where conditions do not allow or large-scale interconnected grids, suchas islands or remote areas

B5) evelop iniu national and egional peoance standads o enegy poducts,based on government testing, labelling, and certication (governments and manufacturers)


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(c) grid infraStructure and Supply efficiency

CONTExT

The Action Area o grid inrastructure and supply eciency supports the initiatives energy access objective or the1.3 billion people currently without power and or another billion people who have power only intermittently. It is equallycritical to delivering large-scale renewable power. It also complements the Action Area on distributed electricitysolutions and advances the energy eciency objective in the electricity supply sector.

This Action Area includes: expansion o grid inrastructure to areas or people without access to electricity; reinorcingtransmission and distribution inrastructure so as to reduce losses and improve reliability; measures that increase theeciencies o energy generation and supply inrastructure (e.g., improving the thermal eciency o power plants), andsmart grid solutions and grid-scale storage that would improve the eciency o advanced grids. The IEAs World EnergyOutlook 2011 concludes that centralised grid extension is the best option or achieving universal access in all urban areasbut in only 30% o rural areas. The IEA projects that roughly 45% o the additional connections needed or universalaccess will come rom grid expansion, while the remaining 55% will depend on micro-grids and o-grid solutions.


Eaples o initiatives that could all into this Action Aea ae: Energy or All by the Asian Development Bank(also working on clean cooking and o-grid power); the Arica-EU Inrastructure Trust Fund, and several ruralaccess projects o the World Bank in Arica; examples o successul grid expansion can be ound in many countries(e.g., Brazil, China, South Arica, and Vietnam); the Programme or Inrastructure Development in Arica (PIDA);and regional transmission projects being proposed across Arica.


C1) pove capabilities and ethodologies to make inormed assessments o optimal gridinrastructure coverage, expansion, and reliability to serve local circumstances

C2) evelop and disseinate eisting and ne appoaches and equipent o epandingthe gid to larger areas in a cost-ecient manner, while also strengthening and improvingthe reliability o existing inrastructure (utilities, technology providers)

C3) mpove smat gid technology solutions, gid-scale stoage, and inteactions betweenenewables and ossil uels to reduce grid losses and support generation rom intermittent

renewable resources and new load patterns rom consumers (technology providers, utilities)C4) uild sucient local and egional ipleentation capacity to expand grid to new areasand reinorce it where demanded

C5) Epand national / egional integation o geneation and tansission pojects

C6) Establish eciency tagets o eisting and ne geneation assets and developtechnologies and approaches to reach them (governments, utilities, technology providers)

C7) Suppot oecasting o eneable poe souces to acilitate integration into the gridand plan or environmentally and economically ecient back-up capacity

C8) pleent tanspaent tansission/distibution costing echaniss that drive energyeciency, and oer a level playing eld or connecting energy sources to the grid


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(d) large-Scale renewable power

CONTExT

The Action Area o large-scale renewable power supports the Secretary-Generals objective o doubling the shareo renewable energy in the global energy mix. Large grid-scale power transmission is essential, especially in those regionswhere electricity demand growth is located away rom the most abundant renewable resources. Currently 19 percento the worlds electricity generation comes rom renewable sources (primarily hydropower).

The investments needed or this Action Area are so substantial that the private sector and global nancial markets mustplay a key role. Enabling policy rameworks are critical to make these investments happen. This Action Area includes:options to accelerate the deployment o all renewable technologies, including onshore and o-shore wind, solar PV, solarthermal including concentrating solar power, geothermal, hydro, and biomass; the research and innovation needed tocontinue pushing down the cost o these technologies; specic policies and business models to support them (e.g.,eed-in taris and public auctions); and the removal o barriers to large-scale renewables.


Leading eaples o eneables scale-up eots can be ound across many developed and developing countries andregions. For developing countries these include: the Paris-Nairobi Climate Initiative & EU-Arica Energy Partnership; theArica-EU Inrastructure Trust Fund; the Climate Investment Funds (including the Clean Technology Fund and Scaling-upRenewable Energy Programme in Low Income Countries); the World Banks Energy Sector Management AssistanceProgramme; the Climate Institutes Global Sustainable Energy Islands Initiative; the Global Bioenergy Partnership; andthe Clean Energy Ministerial initiative on the Sustainable Development o Hydropower. Examples o large-scale renew-ables projects in developing countries can be ound in Brazil, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, and South Arica, to name a ew.

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D1) pove and disseinate esouce assessent ethodologies and develop technicalassistance capacity to help countries map resource availability and develop expansion plans

D2) Shae and develop innovative, inceasingly cost-eective design and deployentappoaches (technology providers)

D3) at obust eneables policies and poe-pice puchase ageeents on whichrenewables developers, utilities and business can rely

D4) oodinate gid-connected inastuctue stategies so that dierent renewable energy

project developers do not run into the same barriersD5) evelop capacity o installation, opeating and aintenance to ensure long-termtechnical and economic success

D6) Adopt pocueent policies and tagets that stimulate demand or renewables

D7) evelop checklists and toolboxes that allow national policy makers to eectively addressthe dierent procedural aspects required to introduce large-scale renewables into the grid

D8) evelop onitoing and best-pactice shaing acilities and similar mechanismsto spur progress


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(e) induStrial and agricultural proceSSeS

CONTExT

The Action Area o industrial and agricultural processes addresses the energy eciency and renewables objectives oSustainable Energy or All, while the access objective is addressed by the agricultural process sub-areathrough theintegrated production o ood and energy in the agriood chain. The industry and agriculture sectors represent 20% otodays global primary energy demand, according to the World Energy Outlook 2011, with their combined share projectedto grow a little to 22% by 2030. Including the indirect consumption o energy through the use o electricity, their sharerises to 28%. Both heat and electricity are required in industrial processes. The potential or renewables as eedstock andheat source is large, especially in combination with energy eciency options. Modern agriood and agri-industry systemsare more than 70% dependent on ossil uels, and it is estimated that 30% o the ood produced globally is wasted, whichentails signicant embedded energy losses.

This Action Area thus includes opportunities to: improve the eciency o business operations and product design; reduceenergy consumption and wasteul practices along the value chain; capture and recycle waste heat; as well as use renewableenergy sources in industrial and agricultural processes.


Eaples o initiatives that could all into this Action Aea ae: The World Banks Global Gas Flaring Reduction (GGFR),a public-private partnership with support rom Statoil, among others; an upcoming FAO-led Multi-Partner Programmeon Energy-Smart Food or People and Climate; a UNIDO-led Green Industry Initiative; WBCSDs CementSustainability Initiative; CEMs Global Superior Energy Perormance Partnership (GSEP); IPEECs Energy ManagementAction Network or Industrial Eciency; the Cogen Arica programme by ADB; ISO 50001; Institute o IndustrialProductivitys Best Practice Guidelines; and numerous best-practice eorts within individual industries (e.g., compiledby the UN Global Compact).

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E1) Adopt tagets and tajectoies o the enegy eciency o poducts and sevices, usinga lie-cycle perspective

E2) Advocate o stong govenent eciency standads, develop monitoring mechanisms,and educate consumers and business

E3) Shae and apply best pactices in opeations to improve energy productivity andincorporate renewables

E4) eploy and scale up enegy anageent systes and tools or reducing energy use

E5) aptue and edeploy asted enegy and heat, including natural gas that is now burnedo through faring

E6) onvet to bioass and othe eneable souces in industial pocesses where possibleand sustainable over the longer term, including or co-generation

E7) Povide sustainable enegy access to agicultue and SmEs

E8) Addess the enegy-ate neus through renewables-based desalination andenergy-ecient irrigation pumps

E9) mpove access to moden enegy sevices through integrated ood and energy production


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(f) tranSportation

CONTExT

The Action Area o transportation supports the eciency and renewables objectives o Sustainable Energy or All.Transportation accounts or more than 27% o nal energy consumption worldwide (~46 million barrels o oil per day).By 2030, global consumption is estimated to increase by 60% to 90%, primarily due to increasing road reight tracand passenger vehicles. The average rate o uel economy improvement in personal vehicles across OECD countries was2.2% per year rom 2005 to 2008, whereas uel eciency decreased in developing countries by 0.7% in the same period.Targets or urther improvements are, and need to be, substantially higher and impact all markets. Currently renewablebiouels account or about 2 % o the energy used or transport, and electric vehicles power less than 0.1% o globaltransport. The Global Energy Assessment estimates that 70-80 exajoules per year o eciency savings are achievable inthis sector by 2030. Approximately one third o these gains can come rom technological eciencies (e.g., improvementsto engines and vehicle design or the use o electric vehicles). Two thirds o the total opportunity is available throughavoided demand (e.g., driving less, trac management).

This Action Area includes all options that improve eciency and reduce uel consumption per distance travelled, that shituel demand to sustainable biouels or electric power trains, that promote modal shits to less polluting and more ecienttransportation means, and that reduce demand or transportation services.


Eaples o initiatives that could all into this Action Aea ae: the 50by50 Global Fuel Economy Initiative with manystakeholders (UNEP, IEA, ITF, FIA Foundation, ICCT); the Electric Vehicle Initiative under the Clean Energy Ministerial;the UKs Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership; the International Air Transport Associations uel conservation and eciencyprogrammes; and the Global Bioenergy Partnership. Examples o countries with successul vehicle uel economystandards and/or policies to promote switching to sustainable bioethanol include Brazil, the EU, Japan, South Korea,China, and the United States (Caliornia).

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F1) pleent o incease uel standads or internal combustion engine vehicles

F2) Epand the use o altenative uel vehicles (e.g., natural gas vehicles, fex-uel vehicles,electric power trains, etc.)

F3) pove and scale up the use o sustainable st- and second-geneation biouels

without impinging on ood and water security (fuel suppliers and researchers)

F4) nvest heavily in public tanspotation inastuctue to increase its use

F5) Educate dives on uel-ecient diving (eco-driving) and encourage on-board useo eco-mode unctions

F6) e ability to tele-coute to employees to reduce driving demand (employers)

F7) Plan tansit-oiented developents so residents can either walk or easily take publictransit (urban planners and real estate developers)

F8) evelop and adopt oe ecient ship designs with new propulsion and combustionsystems or that use renewable uels (technology providers and shipping companies)

F9) Adopt ne uels and uel-ecient aicat designs(airlines, aircraft manufacturers)


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(g) buildingS and applianceS

CONTExT

The Action Area o buildings and appliances addresses the initiatives objectives o increasing energy eciency and expandingthe share o renewables. The buildings sector is the largest energy consumer o all end-use sectors, accounting or a thirdo total energy demand. The Global Energy Assessment estimates that in industrialised countries with large building stocks,retrotting the building envelope can decrease current consumption by up to 90%. Appliance eciency, including lighting,space cooling and heating, and rerigeration, presents an attractive set o opportunities, as nearly all solutions to improve energyeciency reduce net costs in the long run. In total, potential savings are estimated to be 40 to 50 EJ per year rom this sector.

In developing countries, traditional biomass is still one o the most important energy sources or meeting heating and cookingrequirements o buildings, and kerosene is used or lighting. Globally, the breakdown o energy sources currently used inbuildings is approximately one-third biomass, one-third electricity and heat, and one-third ossil uels (gas, oil, and coal).Traditional biomass may be phased out with increased urbanisation and development, so the opportunity lies in shiting the mixo electricity and heat to more sustainable energy sources. Urbanisation will also increase the overall energy consumption ocities, particularly when the energy systems used to serve transportation and building end uses are unplanned, uncoordinated,or inecient. As such, cities provide a number o opportunities or advancing energy eciency and renewable energy, including

municipal water pumping, centralised heating, and street lighting.

Other relevant high-impact opportunities can be found under Enabling Action Arease.g., national policies, nance, capacity building, and business models.

Examples o initiatives that could all into this Action Aea ae: The Super-ecient Equipment and Appliance Deployment (SEAD)initiative o the Clean Energy Ministerial and the International and the International Partnership or Energy Eciency Cooperation; theEn.lighten initiative by UNEP and GEF; IEAs Ecient Electrical End-use Equipment initiative (4E); the Global Building Codes AssistanceProject (BCAP); the Energy Eciency in Buildings project o the World Business Council on Sustainable Development; the World Bank /ESMAP initiative on Public Procurement o Energy Eciency Services; various smart/ clean/ sustainable/ green/ low-carbon cities initiativesby IRENA, UN-Habitat, UNECE, UNDESA, and industry stakeholders; Global Buildings Perormance Network o the Climate WorksFoundation; C40; MUNEE (Municipal Network or Energy Eciency); and the EU Energy Perormance Buildings Directive 2010.

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G1)Enact and enoce sticte building codes and highe appliance enegy eciency standads

G2) retot unicipal and public buildings, steet lighting and uban ate pupingsystes by incorporating eciency criteria into procurement practices, including energysavings perormance contracting

G3) Addess esidential etot needs by properly valuing energy eciency and incentivising

investment (such as through utility demand-side management programmes, the use oenergy service companies, and perormance contracting mechanisms)

G4) make eective use o ootops through the extension o rootop solar in sunny areasand expanded use o cool roos that employ white paint or refective tile to limit heating

G5) retot coecial oces with advanced lighting, electronics, and heating / coolingequipment, and obtain certication under green building standards (e.g., LEED)

G6) nnovate on technology solutions that improve overall eciency (energy productivity)and reduce/eliminate standby/phantom electricity losses

G7) eploy and use advanced technologies to enable enegy-saving behaviou and raiseconsumer awareness about simple steps to reduce energy demand rom everyday productsand through energy eciency labelling schemes

G8) Encouage egulatoy phasing out o inecient appliances, such as incandescent laps


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(w) energy planning and policieS

CONTExT

The Action Area o energy planning and policies supports all three objectives o Sustainable Energy or All. It ocuses oncreating national energy agendas (or regional/city plans where appropriate) with supportive policies and regulatory rameworksthat are clear, transparent, and predictable and that create the right environment or long-term investments, along with robust,eective institutional rameworks. Opportunities in this Action Area could include developing a ormal national sustainableenergy strategyranging rom a broad-based energy access strategy to an electricity sector integrated resource planaligning standards and targets across levels o government, developing institutional capacity to implement policy change,or using government procurement and other mechanisms to incentivise market transormation.

Country action is one o the rst linchpins to the success o Sustainable Energy or All. A precursor to eective action at thecountry level is a set o well-thought out plans and strategies or attracting, supporting, and streamlining investment. Eachcountrys plan will be shaped by its own resource endowment, local circumstances and needs (e.g., or some, energy accessmay be the top priority), but all will support increased action and investment in building energy eciency and renewable energy.

Existing initiatives that could all into this Action Aea ae: the Global Renewables Resource Map, Renewable Readiness Assessments,and Renewable Energy Scenarios and Strategies by IRENA; IPEECs PEPDEE initiative to disseminate best practice in utility-deliveredEE programmes, along with regulatory policies that encourage energy providers to implement energy eciency; technology roadmapsdeveloped by the IEA; the Global Bioenergy Partnership; the Sustainable Development o Hydropower initiative under the CleanEnergy Ministerial; the Energy+ international partnership led by Norway, which aims to address energy access, energy eciency andrenewables; West Arican States energy protocol; the concept city approach o Masdar in the UAE and King Abdullah City or Atomicand Renewable Energy (KACARE) in Saudi Arabia; the Climate Investment Funds under the UN Framework Convention on ClimateChange, especially the Clean Technology Funds Country-level Clean Energy Investment Plans and the Scaling-up Renewable EnergyProgramme (SREP) in Low Income Countries; and G-20 and APEC commitments to rationalise/phase out inecient ossil uel subsidies.

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W1) evelop a amewok or long-term energy planning, including integrated resource planning,incorporating targets and milestones or renewable energy, energy eciency, and energy access

W2) pove and disseinate esouce assessent ethodologies and develop technicalassistance capacity to help countries map resource availability, grid expansion plans, and theneed or decentralised electricity solutions

W3) Actively suppot intenational coopeation among governments on a bilateralor multilateral basis, including regional cooperation and market integration

W4) evelop global and egional technology oadaps that acilitate internationaldiscussion and create specic action points that address opportunities and barriers orrenewable energy and energy eciency applications in end-use sectors

W5) eate moe avouable business envionments with appopiately eeshed (o new)policies, egulations, and enegy plans to incentivize commercial investments and developmarkets (e.g., tari reorms and regulatory rameworks to promote transparency and eciency)

W6) Eciently esh poject pepaation, technical assistance o institutional andegulatoy developent, and debt/equity nancing

W7) Epand and haonize nancial de-isking echaniss and tools, such as loanguaantee echaniss and patial isk guaantee appoaches

W8) Stengthen coodination aong pivate, intenational and national stakeholdes

at global, regional and national levelsW9) rationalize and phase out inecient ossil uel subsidies


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(x) buSineSS model and technology innovation

CONTExT

The Action Area o business model and technology innovation supports all three Sustainable Energy or All objectives.It touches on energy access and renewable energy by making it attractive or the private sector to pursue decentralisedelectricity solutions in communities or regions that lack access to the grid; it promotes energy eciency by addressingmarket ailures that prevent individuals and small businesses rom adopting energy-saving technologies because o theirinitial capital costs (or example, through business models that allow utilities to cover the up-ront costs o more ecientenergy products and recover those costs rom users over time). Technology innovation policies are essential to maintainand accelerate technology development and deployment. Basic and applied R&D, demonstration projects, continuousimprovement through learning by experience, and eorts to oster partnerships, share inormation, and support technologyand knowledge transer are needed to accelerate progress.

Eaples o initiatives that could all into this Action Aea ae: E+CO approach to supporting energy entrepreneurs andsmall-scale business start-ups; the Bareoot Colleges concept o community-based training and deployment o solarsystems; CleanStar Mozambiques integrated approach to energy and agribusiness; SELCO Labs development o energysolutions that respond to niche consumer needs (e.g., silk worm armers; midwives).

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X1) Suppot the deployent o enegy eciency and enegy access solutions, and developdelivery and nance value chains (local utilities)

X2) ndetake atch-aking beteen sall entepises and intenational copaniesin niche akets, through product purchases, training, supply chain development andsupplier credit

X3) evelop innovative payent appoaches that ovecoe consue esistance to highup-ont costs or energy-ecient and renewable energy technologies i.e., a lease/saleapproach or energy products, and/or pay-as-you-go mobile payments and engaging localnancial institutions in providing end-user nance

X4) ganize counity-based oneship o those activities that individuals cannot aordbut that help the whole community

X5) ntegate enegy entepise ceation into agicultue and businessdevelopent activities

X6) Povide suppot o eseach, developent, and deonstation activities in academia,research centres, industry, small and medium enterprises, and local entrepreneurs

X7) Poote and suppot idespead use o ne inventions and innovations throughcompetitions to incentivize breakthroughs

X8) Launch an Enegy Entepise Potal cobining distance leaning techniques ith localentepise developent epetise to stimulate preparation o multiple investment-gradeenergy access business plans


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(y) finance and riSK management

CONTExT

The Action Area o nance and risk management supports all three objectives o Sustainable Energy or All. Reachingthese objectives by 2030 will require substantial amounts o capital rom the public sector, the private sector, and otherdonors. The Global Energy Assessment estimates that annual energy investments will need to increase by about one thirdrom the present $1.3 trillion per year to $1.8 trillion per year. More than 75% o this capital will need to come rom theprivate sector. This places additional importance on global capital markets, national banks and nancial institutions and theirinteractions with countries, donors, businesses, and civil society. Mechanisms are needed to accelerate investments, bothby leveraging public unds more eectively and by developing sustainable capital markets.

This Action Area includes approaches and instruments to mobilise the amount o capital required, to direct that capital tothe appropriate priority opportunities, and very importantly, to reduce the risk o private investment in sustainable energythrough the targeted use o philanthropic and public capital and the engagement o local nancial institutions.

Eaples o initiatives that could all into this Action Aea ae: The Climate Bonds Initiative; GET FiT; the UKs CapitalMarkets Climate Initiative; work being done by a range o national development banks such as KFW and BNDES, a

Documents

Sustainable Energy for All - A Global Action Agenda Rio 20 Un