Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Sustainable Development Solutions Network
Rio de Janeiro
October 24, 2013
1
Organization of SDSN
22
1. Macroeconomics, Population Dynamics, and Planetary Boundaries
2. Poverty Reduction and Peace-Building in Fragile Regions
3. Challenges of Social Inclusion: Gender, Inequalities, and Human Rights
4. Early Childhood Development, Education, and Transition to Work
5. Health for All
6. Low-Carbon Energy and Sustainable Industry
7. Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems
8. Forests, Oceans, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
9. Sustainable Cities: Inclusive, Resilient, and Connected
10. Good Governance of Extractive and Land Resources
11. Global Rules and Mechanisms for Sustainable Development
12. Redefining the Role of Business for Sustainable Development
Thematic Groups
Objectives of the SDSN
• Post-2015 Development Agenda: SDSN provides
input to Secretary General, High-Level Panel, Open
Working Group
• Solutions Initiatives: SDSN develops projects that
have potential to make a significant impact on
sustainable development
• National and Regional SDSNs: SDSN helps to
establish national/regional networks around the
globe for local problem solving. 3
Post-2015 Development Agenda
44
• Report to the Secretary General prepared by Leadership Council
• Outlines challenges of sustainable development: economic, social, environmental, governance/security
• Proposes 10 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
• Available in several languages (including Portuguese) at www.unsdsn.org
Sustainable Cities Initiative
Rio Sustainability Initiative
June 2013 Workshop: water and sanitation, urban mobility, city governance, urban planning
October 2013 Workshop: climate resilience, biodiversity, urban economics
Early 2014 Workshop: innovations and solutions
5
Partners: Brazilian Foundation for Sustainable Development (FBDS), IADB, City of Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazilian Ministry of the Environment, Brazilian SDSN
Sustainable Cities Initiative
6
Comparative City Indicators Report
Collate and compare indicators for the first round of SCI cities (Rio de Janeiro, Bangalore, Accra, and New York) for inclusion in the discussion on the post-2015 development agenda
– 12-page document giving graphic charts of where cities stand on key issues
– Brief overview of population, economy, area and land use
– Spider diagrams showing indicators for urban goals and targets
– Urban poverty, employment, productivity
– Access to a secure, safe built environment and basic services
– Disaster and climate resilience
– Natural capital and ecosystem services
– Comparing targets: 2015 (MDG), 2030 (BAU); 2030 (with urban SDG)
Sustainable Cities Initiative
Guide to Best Practices for Co-Generating Climate Risk Information
• Document and illustrate best practices of climate risk information for the first round of SCI cities: Rio de Janeiro, Bangalore, Accra, New York
• Special focus on developing-country cities
• Climate change projections based on the latest IPCC AR5 global climate model simulations will be developed for the selected cities
Key topics Cities as First Responders City Responses in Developing Countries Best Practices for Co-Generation of Climate Risk Information Climate Projections Tackling Uncertainty Indicators and Monitoring UCCRN Cities 2013
Sustainable Cities Initiative
8
Guide to Climate Change Indicators and Monitoring Systems
• Guide activities of indicators and monitoring systems (IMS) for the first round of SCI cities: Rio de Janeiro, Bangalore, Accra, New York
• Document and illustrate the best practices for developing IMS
• Special focus on developing-country cities
Key topics Establishing IMS Climate Science and Projections Climate Impacts Adaptation and Resiliency Measures Indicators and Monitoring Systems in Action
Campaign for an Urban SDG
Rio de Janeiro
October 24, 2013
Campaign for an Urban SDG
• Broad agreement on the importance of cities for the sustainable development agenda
• Little agreement on how to include urban issues in the SDGs
• Therefore, SDSN launched campaign for an urban SDG on September 18
• Position paper “Why the World Needs an Urban SDG” and website
• Endorsed by major urban groups
Endorsing Organzations
Why the World Needs an Urban SDG
1. Educate and focus attention on urgent urban challenges and future opportunities.
Educate leaders and the public on the challenges and opportunities of sustainable urban development from 2015 to 2030.
Why the World Needs an Urban SDG
2. Mobilize and empower all urban actors around practical problem solving.
Challenges are complex and context-specific. Need to mobilize local authorities, mayors, community organizations, universities, businesses, and national authorities.
Why the World Needs an Urban SDG
3. Address the specific challenges of urban poverty and access to infrastructure.
Urban poverty differs from rural poverty. Need to sharpen focus on urban poverty and arrangements needed to fund, implement, and track progress.
Why the World Needs an Urban SDG
4. Promote integrated and innovative infrastructure design and service delivery.
Challenges are interconnected. Innovative solutions must be applied through integrated infrastructure planning at the city level.
Why the World Needs an Urban SDG
5. Promote land use planning and efficient spatial concentration.
Well-planned, mixed-use, and compact cities generally offer higher levels of well-being at lower levels of resource use and emissions.
Why the World Needs an Urban SDG
6. Ensure resilience to climate change and disaster risk reduction.
Integrating resilience planning and disaster risk reduction into city management and infrastructure design requires site-specific strategies and city-level targets.
Next Steps for Campaign
• Mayors • Member States • Private Sector • Foundations • Nonprofit Organizations
Proposed Urban Indicators
Rio de Janeiro
October 24, 2013
19
SDSN Report on Indicators
2020
• Follow up to the SDSN Action Agenda Report to the Secretary General of June 2013
• To be completed January 2014
• Will propose indicators for all 10 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
• Today: refine urban indicators in context of Rio de Janeiro
Importance of Indicators
2121
Rio de Janeiro
Indicators
SDSN Report to Post-2015 Process
SDGs, Targets,
Indicators Approved
National Governments Adopt SDGs
Post-2015 Development Agenda
10 Proposed Sustainable Development Goals
1. End extreme poverty including hunger
2. Achieve development within planetary boundaries
3. Ensure effective learning for all children and youth for life and livelihood
4. Achieve gender equality, social inclusion, and human rights for all
5. Achieve health and wellbeing at all ages
6. Improve agriculture systems and raise rural prosperity
7. Empower inclusive, productive, and resilient cities
8. Curb human-induced climate change and ensure sustainable energy
9. Secure ecosystem services and biodiversity, and ensure good management of water and other natural resources
10. Transform governance for sustainable development
2222
Goal 7: Empower Inclusive, Productive, and Resilient Cities
2323
Make all cities socially inclusive,
economically productive, environmentally
sustainable, and resilient to climate change
and other risks. Develop participative,
accountable, and effective city governance
to support rapid and equitable urban
transformation.
Goal 7: Empower Inclusive, Productive, and Resilient Cities
2424
Target 7a: Eliminate extreme urban poverty,
expand employment and productivity, and
raise living standards, especially in slums
and informal settlements.
*Bolded items to be tracked with indicators
Goal 7: Empower Inclusive, Productive, and Resilient Cities
2525
Target 7b: Ensure universal access to a
secure and affordable built environment and
basic urban services: housing, water,
sanitation and waste management; low-
carbon energy and transportation; and
communication.
*Bolded items to be tracked with indicators
Goal 7: Empower Inclusive, Productive, and Resilient Cities
2626
Target 7c: Ensure safe air quality and water
quality for all, and integrate reductions in
greenhouse gas emissions, efficient land
and resource use, and climate and disaster
resilience into investments and standards.
*Bolded items to be tracked with indicators
Thematic Group Report to the HLP
2727
• “The Urban Opportunity” – report prepared by the
Sustainable Cities Thematic Group and submitted to the
High-Level Panel in May 2013
• Report describes the special characteristics of cities that
make them “particularly effective as platforms for
transformative and sustainable development”.
• Report includes the following set of draft urban indicators
Indicators: Urban Poverty
2828
• Percentage of urban population with incomes below
national level, established poverty line metrics (both
extreme and non-extreme1 per cent of total)
• Proportion of population living in slums and informal
settlements (per cent of total)
• Malnutrition or stunting prevalence in children under 5
years old (per cent of total
1Note that the $1 per day per capita poverty line (and its adjustment to $1.25 per day) is not an appropriate indicator of urban poverty. It does not adequately allow for the non-food needs that must be paid for in cities, such as accommodation, water, etc.
Indicators: Employment & Productivity (1)
2929
• Share of urban informal sector of national GDP (per cent of
total)
• Annual urban net employment creation rate by sector
(formal, informal, gender, age) (per cent)
• Ratio of urban unemployment to national unemployment
rate (ratio)
• Urban workforce participation rate by gender and age (per
cent of total)
Indicators: Employment & Productivity (2)
3030
• Urban gender wage disparity index (ratio)
• Share of urban informal sector workers with access to
social protection and security (per cent of total)
• Urban mean annual growth in value added per worker (per
cent)
Indicators: Access to Basic Services (1)
3131
• Share of urban households with access to safe, sufficient
drinking water (per cent of total)
• Share of urban households served by safe sanitation
services (per cent of total)
• Share of urban households provided with waste collection
and management services, including recycling and
composting services (per cent of total)
• Proportion of solid waste diverted from landfills to meet
zero waste goal (per cent of total)
Indicators: Access to Basic Services (2)
3232
• Share of urban households and businesses with access to
affordable2 and reliable low-carbon energy (per cent of
total)
• Share of urban households with access to cell phones and
high speed internet connections (number per 100
inhabitants)
2Definition of affordable includes the percentage of household income spent on energy. Accessibility includes not just availability, but also ability to purchase and reliability.
Indicators: Affordable Housing
3333
• Proportion of Urban population living in slums and informal
settlements (per cent to total)
• Proportion of urban population living in adequate housing
conditions (per cent to total)
• Total number of urban households subject to forced
evictions (number)
• Proportion of urban households living in mixed use and
mixed-income neighborhoods (per cent to total)
Indicators: Climate & Resilience (1)
3434
• Proportion of cities/regions with robust, meaningful
Climate Action Plans including mitigation and adaptation
strategies (per cent of total)
• Proportion of cities/regions with a performance framework
in place to analyze whether public investments will reduce
GHG emissions (per cent of total)
• Proportion of public investment consistent with goals of
reducing GHG emissions (per cent of total)
Indicators: Climate & Resilience (2)
3535
• Proportion of cities/regions with completed climate and
other disaster risk vulnerability assessment (per cent of
total)
• Proportion of cities/regions with framework in place to
target investments to protecting vulnerable vital public
assets such as hospitals, public transportation, energy
systems, food distribution networks (per cent of total)
Indicators: Urban Ecology
3636
• Urban Biodiversity Index
• Normal Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from satellite
data
• Urban green space per capita (square meter per capita)
• Proportion of city catchment subject to appropriate
management (per cent of total)
• Thermal imaging of urban heat island effect
Indicators: Innovative Financing
3737
• Value of urban revenues (numbers)
• Value of market transfers (numbers
• Value of market borrowing including foreign direct
investment (per cent of GDP)
Indicators: Land Use
3838
• Land resources developed per new urban resident (area per
person per decade)
• Urban residential density (persons per area)
• Public open space per resident (square meter per person)
• Rate of growth of urban built-up sprawl (per cent per
decade)
• Employment-housing/rental fit index
Developing Climate Indicators for New York City
3939
• Using projections, indicators, and climate risk information
• Process-based approach
Developing Climate Indicators for New York City
4040
• New York City Panel on Climate Change
– Mayor Bloomberg convened the NPCC in 2008 to
identify future climate risks facing NYC
– NPCC codified into local law in September 2012
– After Hurricane Sandy, Mayor Bloomberg re-
convened the NPCC in January to provide updated
climate risk information for the Special Initiative
for Rebuilding and Resiliency (SIRR)
– The 2013 NPCC Climate Risk Information Report
(CRI) provides new climate change projections and
future coastal flood risk maps for New York City
Developing Climate Indicators for New York City
4141
• NPCC2 projections show accelerating change and
broad consistency with previous NPCC projections
Air temperature¹
Baseline (1971-2000): 54° F
Low-estimate
(10th percentile)
Middle range
(25th to 75th
percentile)
High-estimate
(90th percentile)
2020s + 1.5°F + 2.0°F to 2.8°F + 3.2°F
2050s + 3.1°F + 4.1°F to 5.7°F + 6.6°F
Precipitation¹
Baseline (1971-2000): 50.1
inches
Low-estimate
(10th percentile)
Middle range
(25th to 75th
percentile)
High-estimate
(90th percentile)
2020s -1 percent + 1 to + 8 percent + 11 percent
2050s + 1 percent + 4 to + 11 percent + 13 percent
Developing Climate Indicators for New York City
4242
• Newly-released sea level rise projections account
for processes not well reflected in global climate
models, including the possibility of rapid ice loss
Sea level rise¹
Baseline
(2000-2004) 0
inches
Low-
estimate
(10th
percentile)
Middle
range
(25th to 75th
percentile)
High-
estimate
(90th
percentile)
2020s 2 inches 4 to 8
inches
11 inches
2050s 7 inches 11 to 24
inches
31 inches
High estimate projections are higher than the Panel’s 2009 “Rapid-ice melt” Scenario
Sea level rise for New York
City is projected to exceed the global average
Developing Climate Indicators for New York City
4343
The potential areas that could be impacted by the 100-year and 500-year floods in the 2020s and 2050s based on projections of the high-estimate 90th percentile sea level rise scenario .
Lessons Learned from Hurricane Sandy
4444
• Some impacts forecast (e.g.
interdependent critical
infrastructure), some were
unforeseen (e.g. hospital
evacuations, gas shortages)
• Be ready for tipping points
in climate and in response
• Science in time, science in
place
Next Steps
4545
• Rio Sustainability Initiative Workshop, October 24
• SDSN Sustainable Cities Initiative Guides
– Comparative City Indicators Report
– Best Practices for Co-Generating Climate Risk Information for Developing-
Country Cities
– Empowering Urban Climate Change Response in Sustainable Cities: Guide
to Effective and Efficient Climate Change Indicators and Monitoring
Systems
