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Sustainable Cities:Policy Intervention at the “Right” Level
Arnulf GrublerVienna Energy Forum (VEF) June 19, 2015
Policies at the “Right” Level: Key Messages
• 2 opposing hierarchies:-- level of impact-- policy leverage
• Optimal entry point at the meso level:-- efficiency-- urban form
• Larger impact from policy integration• But requires new:
-- analytics (inventories & models)-- institutional coordination (across sectors & jurisdictions)
Hierarchy in Urban Energy/GHG Drivers and Policy Leverages (GEA, 2012)
1. Spatial division of labor(trade, industry structure, bunkers)
2. Income (consumption)3. Efficiency of energy end-use
(buildings, processes,vehicles, appliances)
4. Urban form(density↔public transport↔carownership↔functional mix)
5. Energy systems integration(co-generation, heat-cascading)
6. Urban renewables
Decreasing orderof importance
Increasing level ofurban policy leverage
Direct and Embodied Urban Energy Use in Asian Cities:Lack of standardized accounting beyond direct flows and territorial
accounts
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
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Tokyo (90) Tokyo (95) Beijing (92) Beijing (97) Shanghai(92)
Shanghai(97)
Ener
gy U
se (E
J)
Embodied
Direct
Optimal Entry Point: Meso level
1. Spatial division of labor(trade, industry structure, bunkers)
2. Income (consumption)3. Efficiency of energy end-use
(buildings, processes,vehicles, appliances)
4. Urban form(density↔public transport↔carownership↔functional mix)
5. Energy systems integration(co-generation, heat-cascading)
6. Urban renewables
Decreasing orderof importance
Increasing level ofurban policy leverage
SynCity Model Simulations of Urban Policy Leverages
6
814 Energy Systems Analysis Arnulf Grubler
Medium tohigh density
Institutional Integration
• Functional: water-, energy, transport-”sheds”• Spatial:
-- territorial (city+hinterland)-- supply chains (global, “fair trade”, C-footprint)
• Regulatory/Business Models:-- joint infrastructures & supply bundling basic + high value added services, e.g. pipes (DH, H2O) AND cables (IT)
Q/Comments to: [email protected]
Thank You!