Sustainable Business & Enterprise Roundtable (SBER

Best Practices for Water Management

& Reduction Strategies

1 Sustainable Business & Enterprise Roundtable © 2015 Sustainability Roundtable, Inc. Confidential – For use in connection with SR Inc Services only.

Sustainable Business & Enterprise Roundtable (SBER) | March 2015

Best Practices for Water Management & Reduction Strategies

2

Agenda

1. Introductions & overview

2. Setting Water Reduction Goals & Strategies

3. Example Strategies & Best Practices (Case Studies)

4. Water Audit Vendors

5. Financial Incentives for Installing Water Reduction

Infrastructure

6. Barriers and Costs

7. Appendix

8. Questions & comments

9. Closing & next steps

Sustainable Business & Enterprise Roundtable © 2015 Sustainability Roundtable, Inc. Confidential – For use in connection with SR Inc Services only.

Setting Water

Reduction Goals &

Strategies


4

Setting Water Reduction Goals & Strategies

Source: SR Inc analysis.


How do companies set water reduction goals and then strategies?

• LEED Guidelines

• EPA Water Sense guidance

• Water audits

• SR Inc Guidance

5

LEED v4 Water Efficiency Credit Category

Source: http://www.usgbc.org/guide; http://www.usgbc.org/credits .


LEED Building Design +

Construction (BD+C)

LEED Interior Design +

Construction (ID+C)

LEED Building Operations +

Maintenance (O+M)

Focus Areas

• Indoor water (used by

fixtures, appliances, and

processes such as cooling)

• Irrigation water

• Water metering

• Site plans

• Fixture cutsheets

• Alternative water sources

• Fixtures

• Appliances

• Processes

• Floor plans


• Fixture cutsheets.

• Indoor water (used by

fixtures, appliances and

processes, such as

cooling)

• Irrigation water

• Water metering

• Site plans


• Alternative water sources

• Occupancy calculations

Credits

• Outdoor water use

reduction (Requirement)

• Indoor water use reduction

(Req)

• Building-level water

metering (Req)


reduction

• Indoor water use reduction

• Cooling tower water use

• Water metering

• Indoor water use

reduction (Req)


reduction


reduction (Req)

• Building-level water

metering (Req)


reduction


reduction

• Cooling tower water use

• Water metering

http://www.usgbc.org/guide

http://www.usgbc.org/guide

http://www.usgbc.org/credits

http://www.usgbc.org/credits

6

EPA WaterSense Guidance

Source: http://www.epa.gov/watersense/commercial/types.html#tabs-office.


End Use of Water in Office Buildings: To-Do List:

Develop a water management plan

Assess your water use to identify opportunities for

savings and track results

Check regularly for leaks and, when found, repair

them promptly

Consider replacing bathroom fixtures with more

efficient models and check automatic sensors to

ensure they are operating properly to avoid

unnecessary water use

Consider water smart landscaping and irrigation

practices

Optimize your cooling systems and determine if

they can provide or use alternative onsite sources of

water

Review WaterSense at Work for information on

these practices and more.

http://www.epa.gov/watersense/commercial/types.html#tabs-office




7

Water Efficiency as Part of a Sustainability

Strategy


Executives incorporate water efficiency into their companies’ portfolio-wide

sustainability strategy rather than adopting it as a discrete program.

They have clearly identified the role water efficiency and the concomitant

reduced energy consumption play in greater sustainability – environmentally,

financially, and socially. Executives use this framework to more effectively

reduce costs, mitigate risks, and create opportunities. From the

corporate perspective, executives improve water efficiency in order to:

• Reduce water and energy costs.

• Mitigate market and regulatory risks.

• Increase their ability to obtain green building certification.

• Increase their ability to address shareholder and customer concerns.

• Enhance their reputation and industry leadership.

Source: SR Inc “Water Efficiency: Reducing Costs Portfolio-Wide” Report.

8

Portfolio-wide Water Efficiency


Best Practices:

• Implementing portfolio-wide water efficiency requires executive support in

coordinating strategies

• The real estate team is responsible for conducting or outsourcing a thorough

water audit and mapping all facility water footprint and usage patterns.

• Use this data to develop a complete profile of portfolio water use, benchmark, and

define relevant KPIs and metrics

• Develop strategies and begin planning pilot programs, integration into existing

systems, and portfolio-wide expansion.

• For continued success and complete implementation, executives clearly define and

document relevant KPIs and metrics, data gathering, and assessment

methodology for historical and current water use and water costs in each property

• Executives collect and communicate results and best practices internally and

externally to establish the company as an industry leader in water efficiency,

underscoring the executive and corporate commitment to sustainable value for the

company and the industry as a whole.


9

Types of Strategies



10

Water Savings Opportunities


• Low Flow Fixtures

• Installing low-flow faucets, toilets or no-flush urinals will significantly reduce this portion

of water demand

• Cooling Tower

• Changing the number of cooling cycles before water discharge from five to eight

• Efficient Landscaping

• Utilizing drip irrigation or planting only local plans that are used to that climate

• Leak Repair

• Finding leaks and patching them

• Onsite Wastewater Recycling

• Using filtration processes to make wastewater safe for non-potable uses

• Rainwater Harvesting

• Utilizing rainwater for landscape irrigation purposes

• Stormwater Management

• Permeable parking lots to prevent stormwater runoff


11

Solution Matrix for Water Efficiency Measures


Color coded

measures are

especially

important in

regions that are

cold, hot, dry, or

humid.


12

Recommended Sequence for Implementing

Water Efficiency Measures



13

Planning Process for Water Efficiency Strategies



14

Selecting Key Performance Indicators

& Setting Goals


Leaders choose Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for water consumption

and use them to set goals. Normalization by climate region and landscaping

allows companies to compare different facilities using these KPIs.

Common KPIs include:

• Annual water expenses per facility [$ / (year * facility)]

• Annual water consumption per facility [gallons / (year * facility)]

• Annual water expenses per area [$ / (year * square foot)]

• Annual water consumption per area [gallons / (year * square foot)]

The International Water Association (IWA) has developed a set of performance

indicators designed to measure water loss

• Financial performance indicators include non-revenue water percentage by volume

• Operational performance indicators measure annual water losses per service

connection by volume.

• Companies following IWA recommendations to focus on proactive leak response

strategies also track related factors such as soil type, supply continuity, average

operating pressure, and length of water mains.


15

Conduct Assessment and Set Goals


Measuring & Mapping:

• Global Water Tool:

http://www.wbcsd.org/work-program/sector-projects/water/global-water-tool.aspx

• Guidance for Developing Baseline and Annual Water Use:

http://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/water-efficiency-goal-guidance

• Water Consumption Calculators & Benchmarking:

http://www.savewateramerica.com/calculators/landing.htm

• EDF- GEMI (Global Environmental Management Initiative) WaterMAPP:

http://www.gemi.org/EDFGEMIwaterMAPP/

• CERES – Considerations for Addressing a Company’s Water Risk:

http://www.ceres.org/resources/reports/assessing-water-risk/at_download/file

• IFMA – A Comprehensive Guide to Water Conservation: The Bottom Line Impacts, Challenges

and Rewards

http://feapc.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/IFMA-Water-Guide.pdf








































Featured Case

Studies


17

Overview

Source: SR Inc analysis.


Common Strategies & Initiatives:

• Metering and Sub-metering

• Fixture Improvements

• Cooling Tower Optimization

• Landscaping

• Landscaping

• Plumbing Fixture Improvements

• Stormwater Diversion

• Wastewater Recycling

• Leak Detection

• Billing Analysis

18

Example Strategies & Initiatives to

Reduce Water Consumption


Data,

Tracking,

Benchmarking

• Surveyed regional managers regarding water

usage.

• Estimated that its total water use likely

exceeds 350 million gallons annually

• Set a reduction goal of 10% (about 35 million

gallons annually) by first year.

• As properties reach the 10% reduction goal, the

company will consider the feasibility of long-term

reduction targets.

• Uses an online data repository for all properties to

monitor, review, and pay all utility bills.

• Property managers report water use in EPA’s

ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager.

Strategies

• Metering and Sub-metering

• Fixture Improvements

• Cooling Tower Optimization

• Landscaping

Challenges

and Benefits

• The paybacks and returns aren’t as great as with electricity

• Executives concerned about tenant reaction to new plumbing fixtures, but believe this can be

mitigated through tenant education regarding water savings

Costs and

Savings

• Estimates each meter installation costs

between $300 and $700

• Initially focused on improvements that have

payback periods of less than a year

• Calculated the payback for fixture

improvements using the IPC baseline for

water efficiency.

• Based calculations on the estimated water usage

from IPC-standard fixtures and subtracted from

the estimated water use for existing fixture.

• Savings in gallons are multiplied by the estimated

cost of water ($6.73 per hundred cubic feet [748

gallons]) to approximate annual savings which is

used to estimate payback


19

Payback for Faucet Aerator

Replacement

Source: Brandywine Realty Trust.


20

Estimated Annual

Savings for Waterless Urinals*

Source: Brandywine Realty Trust; *by Installed Urinal Type


21

Estimated Savings for Automatic

Faucets*


*Brandywine Realty Trust conducted a payback analysis for replacing various faucets with a 0.5 gpm automatic faucet. The payback analysis

detailed in the table is based on a cost of water of $6.73 per hundred cubic feet (748 gal.) and the assumption that the use of automatic faucets will

lead to a 20% reduction in the duration of use.

Source: SR Inc “Payback for Automatic Faucets” Report.

22

Strategies


Brandywine is focusing primarily on fixture improvements, cooling tower optimization,

and water-efficient irrigation strategies that have payback periods of one to two years.

Regional managers are granted discretion on which strategies to implement.

Metering and Sub-metering

• Plans to install irrigation meters and

separate meters for cooling tower makeup

and blowdown in unmetered properties.

• Estimates it will need 97 new meters to

complete this initiative during summer

2011.

• Weekly monitoring of meters identifies

irregularities such as a sudden spike in

water use, which can indicate a leak.

• Determines domestic usage by subtracting

irrigation and cooling tower submeter

readings from primary meter values; this

difference is the domestic water use of the

property.

Fixture Improvements

• Prioritized installation of plumbing fixtures that

meet the 2006 standards of the International

Plumbing Codes (IPC). By summer 2011

Brandywine expects to install faucet aerators

that have a flow rate of 0.5 gallons per minute

(gpm) or lower in all of its properties and

upgrade diaphragms in all 3.5 gallons per flush

(gpf) flush toilets or 1.5 gpf urinals.

• By the end of 2012, Brandywine plans to have

all fixtures meet or change to ‘or exceed the

following IPC baseline:

• Toilets – 1.6 gpf

• Urinals – 1.0 gpf

• Faucets – 0.5 gpm

• Showerheads – 2.5 gpm


23

Strategies


Cooling Tower Optimization

Cooling towers account for the largest fraction

of water use in many of

Brandywine buildings. Property managers

monitor cooling tower makeup

and blowdown to ensure efficient operation.

Some properties are considering

reuse of cooling tower water for irrigation or

using recycled water

for the cooling tower itself. By the end of 2012,

Brandywine will have developed

a plan to guide replacement of older cooling

towers with more

efficient closed-loop cooling towers during

major renovations or new construction.

Landscaping

Seventy four Brandywine properties reported that

they have already instituted some form of water

efficient landscaping. Common parallel strategies

include minimizing turfgrass and only planting

endemic florae. Integrating these two strategies

reduces irrigation requirements dramatically,

as native plants are adapted to regional rainfall

patterns. Brandywine has retained third-party

consultants to develop responsible landscaping

programs based on LEED requirements. These

programs include:

• Cutting grass higher to ensure greater water

retention and improve drought tolerance

• Mulching to minimize water loss due to

evaporation

• Using drip irrigation to deliver small amounts of

water near plant roots

By summer 2011, Brandywine will have installed

rain sensors at all properties. Rain sensors monitor

precipitation and only allow scheduled watering

when rainfall is neither present nor imminent.


24

Best Practices


• Brandywine conducted intensive research to select optimal strategies

based on the desired payback timeframe.

• Brandywine uses some properties as pilots for more ambitious

strategies such as green roofing. If strategies in pilot properties

produce strong returns, the company considers expanding the use of

green roofs to more of its portfolio.

• Brandywine officials perform technical retrofits, such as closed-loop

cooling tower installation, during extensive renovations or new

construction to minimize costs.


25




Data, Tracking,

Benchmarking

• NIH tracks campus water use with

building meters, typically

reserving submeters to monitor

cooling towers.

• NIH’s water consumption targets come from 2007

Executive Order 13423, which requires Federal

agencies to reduce water consumption (gallons per

square foot) by 16% by the end of fiscal year 2015. This

is a 2% per year reduction from 2008 through 2015 with

a long-term reduction goal of 26% compared to a 2007

baseline.

Strategies

• Landscaping

• Plumbing Fixture Improvements

• Stormwater Diversion

• Wastewater Recycling

• Leak Detection

• Billing Analysis

Challenges and

Benefits

• Federally mandated reductions are based on a 2007 baseline, established after NIH had

stopped irrigating properties and following water-efficient fixture installation

Costs and Savings • The water bill for the Bethesda campus was $6.8 million in 2008, and $8.6 million in both 2009

and 2010

• NIH’s long history of water efficiency improvements makes it difficult to determine total

expenditures on the efficiency projects

• On average, NIH’s payback period for individual projects has been five years


26

Strategies


Landscaping

• In the 1990s, NIH planted drought-resistant

species that require no irrigation other than

rainfall. Consequently, NIH does not irrigate

any of its campuses.

Plumbing Fixture Improvements

• By 2008, NIH had retrofitted fixtures in existing

buildings in compliance with the 1999

Executive Order. All new buildings meet the

following standards in NIH’s Guidelines:

• Toilets – between 1.0 - 1.3 gpf

• Urinals – between 0.5 - 0.8 gpf

• Restroom sinks – hands-free at 0.4 - 0.5

gpm

• Laboratory sinks – 2.0 gpm

• Surgical prep sinks – 2.5 gpm

• Showers – 2.0 gpm


27

Strategies


Stormwater Diversion

• The Bethesda campus manages

stormwater using stream and ponds. The

campus also installed the first greenroof in

Montgomery County above the Gateway

Center in 2008 (see Figure 25). The green

roof captures 55% of the runoff from the

building and facilitates compliance with

zoning regulation for stormwater

management.

Wastewater Recycling

• At the Poolesville campus, NIH recycles

greywater using an onsite treatment plant. This

saves between 25,000 and 60,000 gallons

daily, and reduces onsite water use by up to

50%..

Leak Detection

• NIH conducts an ultrasonic leak detection

survey for every campus on a three-year

schedule. Surveys were completed in March

2011 for the Bethesda and Poolesville

campuses. Although there were no major leaks

at the Bethesda campus, repairing one

significant leak at the Poolesville facility

reduced losses by 15,000 gallons a day.

Billing Analysis

• Monthly water bills are entered into an archival

system. NIH intends to hire more staff to

analyze usage and monitor data for

irregularities. NIH also compiles data on its

water and energy usage for an annual report to

the Department of Energy


28

Best Practices


• NIH diverted stormwater into streams and ponds that would otherwise

have contributed to runoff and soil erosion.

• NIH conducted periodic leak detection to monitor ongoing

performance; this strategy can be optimized further by the installation

of smart submeters that report in real time.

• NIH adopted an external contracting process that incentivizes outside

agents to proactively develop new solutions.


Secondary Case

Studies


30





The U.S. Bancorp Tower

Overview:

• 42-story building with 740,000 square feet of office space

• Second tallest building in Portland, OR

• Owned by Unico Properties, a real estate investment and operating

company in the western United States

Strategies

• Retrofitted with 500 low-flow toilets as part of an effort to green and

modernize the building (originally constructed in 1983)

• Low-flow toilets are typically 1.6 gallons per flush fixtures

• Realized indirect water savings from necessary renovations to the

building’s heating, air conditioning, and ventilation systems

Impact

• Water use decreased 38%

• Plumbing investment paid for itself in two years

• Building also received LEED-EBOM Silver certification

31



Source: http://www.epa.gov/watersense/commercial/docs/watersense_at_work/files/assets/common/downloads/WaterSense-at-Work_FINAL_508c3.pdf.


Granite Park Overview:

• Office park landscape facility type in Dallas, Texas

• Landscape size of 372,000 square feet

• Two buildings in the complex, Granite Park One and Two, already

earned LEED® Gold certification

Strategies

• Performed an irrigation audit

• Precision Landscape Management, an irrigation professional certified

through a WaterSense labeled program improved the efficiency of the

office park’s irrigation system by:

• Installing a weather-based irrigation controller which analyzes

local weather data and landscape conditions to program

watering schedules based on plants’ needs

• Rain sensor

• Freeze sensor

• Performing needed maintenance on the existing irrigation

system (replacing broken sprinkler heads, positioning sprinkler

heads to ensure adequate coverage, installing pressure

regulating nozzles to increase the uniformity of water applied)

Impact

• Water savings of 12.5 million gallons in first year

• Cost savings: $47,000 in first year

• Simple payback of less than 1.5 years

• Earned credits toward its LEED Gold certification

http://www.epa.gov/watersense/commercial/docs/watersense_at_work/files/assets/common/downloads/WaterSense-at-Work_FINAL_508c3.pdf






32




Burns & McDonnell

Overview:

• Engineering firm Burns & McDonnell retrofitted its Kansas City, MO

world headquarters

• 468,000-square foot office building originally built in 1985

• Burns & McDonnell are tenants on the property and divided the

costs of the project with the property manager.

• Property manager covered maintenance related costs and Burns &

Mc-Donnell paid for sustainability initiatives

Strategies

• Installed low-flow fixtures

• 1.6 gallons per flush (gpf) toilets

• 0.25 gpf urinals,

• 0.5 gallon per minute (gpm) faucets

• Installed a new boiler system that circulates hot water around the

building.

• The building manages stormwater onsite through bioswales and

green roofs

Impact

• Spent $101,500 for its fixture improvements, for an

• estimated payback period of 13.5 years.

• Total water use has been reduced by more than 50%

• Now 40% of stormwater is captured and treated onsite


33




Hurt Building

Overview:

• 17-story office building in Atlanta, GA

• 522,502 square feet

Strategies

• Building equipped with 4.5 gallons per flush (gpf) toilets and 1.6 gpf

urinals.

• 40%of toilets were replaced with 1.6 gpf models and the remaining

60% were retrofitted with 3.5 gpf flush kits.

• All urinals were replaced with 1.0 gpf models.

• Restroom sinks that were equipped with 1.5 gallons per minute

(gpm) faucets were retrofitted with 0.5 gpm units.

• Has a rainwater harvesting system that provides irrigation for interior

plants as well as a system for capturing condensate for reuse in the

cooling tower.

Impact

• Indoor water use was reduced 27% in first year for an annual

savings of 1.3 million gallons and an annual savings of $29,000.

• The payback period on the fixture improvements was less than six

months

• Building was granted LEED-EB Gold certification


Water Audit Vendors


35

Water Audit Vendors

Source: NRDC and AWWA.


Performance contractors conduct water audits. NRDC has a list of

contractors on their Greening Advisor site:

http://www.nrdc.org/enterprise/greeningadvisor/wu-audits.asp

Under “Conservation”:

http://sourcebook.awwa.org/SearchResults?categories=842







http://www.solvista.com/

Financial Incentives

for Installing Water

Reduction

Infrastructure


37

Financial Incentives for Installing Water

Reduction Infrastructure

Source: http://www.epa.gov/watersense/rebate_finder_saving_money_water.html.


Federal Incentives: • None

State/Local Incentives: • AZ

• CA

• CO

• FL

• HI

• MA

• NC

• NV

• NM

• OR

• WA

• WI

• WY

http://www.epa.gov/watersense/rebate_finder_saving_money_water.html

http://www.epa.gov/watersense/rebate_finder_saving_money_water.html

Appendix


39

Appendix – Additional Resources


• Water Sense at Work: Best Management Practices for

Commercial and Institutional Facilities:

• http://www.epa.gov/watersense/commercial/docs/water

sense_at_work/files/assets/common/downloads/Water

Sense-at-Work_FINAL_508c3.pdf

• NRDC Greening Advisor Water Audit Guidance

• http://www.nrdc.org/enterprise/greeningadvisor/wu-

audits.asp

• Free Water Audit Software:

• http://www.awwa.org/resources-tools/water-

knowledge/water-loss-control.aspx

Source: SR Inc research; SR Inc “Water Efficiency: Reducing Costs Portfolio-Wide” Report.















http://www.awwa.org/resources-tools/water-knowledge/water-loss-control.aspx










40

Appendix – Engagement & Awareness


• Create a Water Awareness Display: http://green.harvard.edu/tools-

resources/how/create-water-awareness-display?utm_source=Web+Sign+Ups&utm_campaign=7ba1bf06f7-

March_2015_eNews&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_e881688224-7ba1bf06f7-106175729

• What is Your Water Footprint?: http://green.harvard.edu/tools-resources/what-your-

water-footprint?utm_source=Web+Sign+Ups&utm_campaign=7ba1bf06f7-


• 5 Ways to Measure a 5 Minute Shower: http://green.harvard.edu/tools-

resources/green-tip/5-ways-measure-5-minute-

shower?utm_source=Web+Sign+Ups&utm_campaign=7ba1bf06f7-


http://green.harvard.edu/tools-resources/how/create-water-awareness-display?utm_source=Web+Sign+Ups&utm_campaign=7ba1bf06f7-March_2015_eNews&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_e881688224-7ba1bf06f7-106175729
















http://green.harvard.edu/tools-resources/what-your-water-footprint?utm_source=Web+Sign+Ups&utm_campaign=7ba1bf06f7-March_2015_eNews&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_e881688224-7ba1bf06f7-106175729
















http://green.harvard.edu/tools-resources/green-tip/5-ways-measure-5-minute-shower?utm_source=Web+Sign+Ups&utm_campaign=7ba1bf06f7-March_2015_eNews&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_e881688224-7ba1bf06f7-106175729























41

Appendix - U.S. FEMP Water Management

Toolbox


NIH follows the fourteen best management practices with the Water Management Toolbox of the Federal Energy Management

Program. The practices are available online through the U.S. Department of Energy and provide the following proven strategies:

• Water Management Planning – Successful water management plans require identifying and quantifying current water use to the

fullest extent possible.

• Information and Education Programs – Agencies should provide educational outreach for employees, contractors, and the public

about their commitment to water efficiency through the use of userfriendly hotlines, informational signs, or regular training workshops to

complement efficiency improvements.65

• Distribution System Audits, Leak Detection, and Repair – Agencies should first conduct a full-scale leak audit and then monitor

from the minimum flow rate, around 3-4 a.m. Any significant deviations from this baseline are likely leak-related.

• Water-Efficient Landscaping – Agencies should use landscaping that depends on rainwater and design systems that deliver

supplemental irrigation efficiently.

• Water-Efficient Irrigation – Agencies should use contractors that are familiar with water-saving guidelines, install irrigation meters,

and use an irrigation schedule that is appropriate for the climate, soil conditions, plant materials, and season.

• Toilets and Urinals – Agencies should follow the EPA WaterSense specifications for toilets and flushing urinals. Toilets cannot exceed

1.28 gpf and urinals are not to exceed 0.5 gpf.

• Faucets and Showerheads – Agencies should use the ASME guideline of 0.5 gpm for public faucets and the EPA WaterSense

guideline for showerheads of 2.0 gpm.

• Boiler and Steam Systems – Agencies should maintain a condensate recovery system and an automatic blowdown system that is

based on boiler size or optimize cycles of concentration to reduce the frequency of blowdown.

• Single-Pass Cooling Equipment – Agencies should eliminate singlepass cooling by modifying equipment to operate on a closed loop

that recirculates water. If this is not possible, agencies should install an automatic control to shut off the system during nights and

weekends or find a way to recycle cooling water.

• Cooling Tower Management – Agencies should examine options, such as water softening or ozonation, to increase the cooling

tower’s cycle of concentration.

• Commercial Kitchen Equipment – Agencies should run dishwashers only when full, install flow restrictors in existing pre-rinse spray

valves to reduce the flow rate to 1.6 gpm, and replace single-pass cooling icemakers if possible.

• Laboratory and Medical Equipment – Agencies should use strategies to reduce water consumption from water treatment systems,

disinfection systems, x-ray equipment, vacuum systems, automatic animal watering systems, and glassware and cage washers.

• Other Water Intensive Processes – Agencies should sub-meter processes where possible and shut off water supply when processes

are not operating. They should replace old equipment with ENERGY STAR-labeled models.

• Alternate Water Sources – Agencies should consult with experts to identify potential non-potable water use while reviewing current

practices, but the use of non-potable water is most effective when incorporated into the design of new facilities


Documents

Sustainable Business & Enterprise Roundtable (SBER