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SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE. INDEX. INTRODUCTION CONCEPTS ISSUES ASSESSMENT. INTRODUCTION. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTUR
E
INDEXINTRODUCTION
CONCEPTS
ISSUES
ASSESSMENT
INTRODUCTION
The Brundtland Commission of the United Nations on March 20, 1987: “sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
At the 2005 World Summit it was noted that this requires the reconciliation of environmental, social equity and economic demands - the "three pillars" of sustainability or (the 3 E's).
The three pillars of sustainability are not mutually exclusive and can be mutually reinforcing.
WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?
The word development in this definition implicates two important aspects of the concept:
• It is omnidisciplinary
• There is no set aim, but the continuation of development is the aim of the development.
The definition is based on two concepts:
NEEDS
LIMITS
basic needs such as food, clothing, housing and employment
every individual should have the opportunity to try and raise his/her life standard above this absolute minimum
natural limitations like finite resources
declining productivity caused by overexploitation of resources, declining quality of water and shrinking of biodiversity
"Future generation is the most important" --- Confucius
"Treat the Earth well. It was not given to you by your parents. It was loaned to you by your children." --- Kenyan Proverb
Economic sustainabilityGrowthDevelopmentProductivityTrickle-down Social sustainability
Cultural identityEmpowermentAccessibilityStabilityEquity
Environmental sustainabilityEcosystem integrityCarrying capacityBiodiversity
THREE DIMENSIONS
To leave the Earth in as good shape for future generations as we found it for ourselves.
Resource consumption would be minimal
Materials consumed would be made ENTIRELY of 100% post-consumer recycled materials or from renewable resources
Recycling of waste streams would be 100%
Energy would be conserved and energy supplies would be ENTIRELY renewable and non-polluting
The world as a system
a system over space
a system over time
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
CONCEPTS
“Sustainable building involves a combination of values: aesthetic, environmental, social, politicaland moral. The challenge is finding the balance between environmental considerations and economic constraints.”
Sanuel Mockbee, Auburn University
SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION
Understanding the place , if we are sensitive to the place, we can inhabit it without destroying it.
Five scatterd houses, 2003-2006, Ningbo, China. Wang Shu, Pritzker Architecture Prize winer 2012
Five principles of an environmental architecture
Use the construction techniques which are indigenous to the area, learning from local traditions in materials and design. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bsk-zSzwF3M&feature=player_embedded
Egyptian philosopher and architect, Hasan Fathi: "One man alone can not build his own home, but ten men who work together can easily build ten homes".
Demolishing only when it is not economical to reuse and avoid using materials or which cannot be reused or recycled.
Xiangshan Campus, 2002-2004, Hangzhou, China. Wang Shu, Pritzker Architecture Prize winer 2012
Design the building to minimize the cost of ownership by incorporating techniques and technologies for conserving energy and water and reducing emissions to land, water and air.
Sustainable design attempts to have an understanding of the environmental impact of the design by evaluating the site, the embodied energy and toxicity of the materials and construction techniques.
ISSUES
Sustainable Urban DesignLandform/Microclimate Topography Light-colored surfacing Vegetative cooling Wind buffering/channeling Evaporative cooling
Site Design Solar orientation Pedestrian orientation Transit orientation Micro climatic
building/siting
Infrastructure Efficiency Water supply and use Wastewater collection Storm drainage Street lighting Traffic signalization Recycling facilities
Land-Use Use density Use mix Activity concentration
Transportation Integrated, mulimodal
street network Pedestrian Bicycle Transit High-occupancy
vehicles Pavement
minimization Parking
minimization/siting
On-Site Energy Resources Geothermal/groundwater Surface water Wind Solar District heating /cooling Cogeneration Thermal storage Fuel cell power
SITE
"Improving the quality of life in a city, including ecological, cultural, political, institutional, social and economic components without leaving a burden on the future generations. A burden which is the result of a reduced natural capital and an excessive local debt. Our aim is that the flow principle, that is based on an equilibrium of material and energy and also financial input/output, plays a crucial role in all future decisions upon the development of urban areas.“
ECONOMY - ECOLOGY - EQUITY
Sustainable Cities and Green Development
ENERGY
Energy Efficiency
Computer energy simulations Calener, Líder…etc.
Renewable Energy
WASTE
"Waste - a resource in the wrong place" -- An old Chinese proverb.
Waste Management Strategies:
• Waste prevention• Recyclying construction and demolition materials• Architectural reuse (include adaptive reuse, conservative disassembly, and reusing salvaged materials)• Design for material recovery (durability, disassembly, adaptive reuse)
MATERIALS
Embodied Energy
COMMUNITY
Sustainable Communities
http://www.place.us/?gclid=CIKb_aqnvK4CFQ1lfAodgRwoIQ
ASSESSMENT
Interdependent Aims:
• harmonization with environment
• pollution prevention
• resources and energy efficiency
GREEN ARCHITECTURE
Site: Harmonization with Environment
HOT CLIMATE Hot, moderate and cold climate-
adapted architecture:
- Solar radiation temperature light- Wind and pressure conditions- Humidity and precipitations
Using climatic factors and situations and adequate materials for the house’s natural:
- cooling- heating- lighting
HUMID DESERT
MODERATE CLIMATECOSTAL CONTINENTAL
COLD CLIMATESUBARTIC ARTIC
Pollution Prevention
Resources and Energy Efficiency
• Sustainability= self-sufficiency • Incorporating alternative clean
renewable energy sources :
- solar power - geothermal power- wind turbines - hydro electric power- bio-mass (organic substances)
• Conflictive requirements
- high electricity consumption
- minimizing the use of non-renewable natural resources
GREEN ARCHITECTUREASSESSMENT
1) Klein House2005/ Rita Klein/ Altea, Alicante
418’65m2 / 335.200 euro
1. Resources optimization:- Natural resources- Recycled, reused and recovered materials
2. Minimizing energy consumption
3. Use of renewable energy sources
4. No production of toxic waste and emissions into air
5. Human and environmental health
6. Easy to maintain
SUSTAINABLE ANALYSIS
DESIGNS ASSESSMENT
2) Gibson Boathouse/ StudioRobert Oshatz
Lake Oswego, Oregon, USA
• Reduced resource quantity (resource-efficiency strategy):
1) build less square footage 2) use smaller quantities of
materials
Example of ecological materials used from the place: stone, wood and grass
3) Earthship BiotechnologyEarthship residence
Taos, New Mexico, USA
100% sustainable design due to:
• Resources: Self-sufficient solar, geothermal and wind power energy production;
• Reused water system and mechanical systems
• Recycled materials: crystal bottles, aluminium cans, reused tyres filled with soil, cardboard
• Easy management
“There is no greater potential for personal expression than building one’s own shelter. For
this reason alone, every effort should be made to enable new home construction to be sustainable for generations to come. Today, we realize that to be truly sustainable, it is not enough to imagine
methods of minimizing damage to the environment; instead the results must have a
positive impact on it. “
(Dennis Wedlick)
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Dahl, Torben; Climate and Architecture; The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts; School of Architecture, Institute of Architectural Technology, Published by Routlegde, 2010
Enciclopedias Atrim para profesionales, (Arquitectura) Private Architecture, volume 1, Printed in Barcelona, Spain
Foster, Kari; Stelmack, Annette and Hindman, Debbie; Sustainable Residential Interiors. An illustrated guide to “green” design strategies. Sustainable design; Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Inc, Hobeken, New Jersey, USA, 2007
González Díaz, María Jesús; Arquitectura sostenible y aprovechamiento solar. Diseño arquitectónico integral, Preservación del medio ambiente y ahorro energético; Madrid, España, 2004
Instituto Monsa de Ediciones; Arquitectura sostenible. Lowtech Houses; Barcelona, España
Jodidio, Philip; Green. Architecture Now! (Arquitectura ecológica hoy); Taschen; printed in Italy, 2010
Luis de Garrido; Análisis de Proyectos de Arquitectura Sostenible. Naturalezas artificiales 2001-2008; Madrid, España, 2009
http://permiesepulveda.blogspot.com.es/2010/01/earth-bagshttp://www.trendir.com/house-design/sustainable/www.smartplanet.com/...architecture/wang-shu...architectures..
THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION!!