Access to safe and affordable drinking water

VK Madhavan | WaterAid India

C U R R E N T

S C E N A R I O

By 2030, achieve

universal and equitable

access to safe and

affordable drinking water

for all

S u s t a i n a b l e D e v e l o p m e n t G o a l 6 . 1

Basic service

Free from contamination

Accessible on

premises

Available when

needed

Safely managed service

U r b a n S c e n a r i o

70.6%

Urban households

covered with piped

water supply

71% 20.7% 8%

available within

premises

available near

premises

available away from premises

Source: Census 2011

62% Tapwater from treated source

8.6% Tapwater from untreated source

R u r a l S c e n a r i o

41.9%

Habitations

covered with

pipe water

supply

53.4%

Population

covered with

pipe water

supply

17%

Household connections

Source: National Rural Drinking Water Programme (May 2018)

AMRUT promises

1.39 crore water

connections ensuring

water supply in every

household by March 2020

A s p i r a t i o n s | U r b a n

Source: Economic Times (May 2018)

• As per Ministry of Drinking

Water & Sanitation

Strategic Plan:

• 2017 - At least 50% of rural

households are provided

with piped water supply

• 2022- Ensure that at least

90% of rural households are

provided with piped water

supply

• Har Ghar Jal - aims to

provide tap water on a

sustained basis to every

household by 2030

A s p i r a t i o n s | R u r a l

Source: Press Information Bureau

India is the world’s

biggest consumer of

groundwater with an

annual extraction rate of

251 Km3

C H A L L E N G E S

Source: UNESCO 2012

112 Km3

USA

64 Km3

Pakistan

112 Km3

China

are fulfilled by groundwater Irrigation sector

Domestic use

Industrial use

50% 85%

of urban water

requirements

of rural water

requirements

89% 9%

2%

Source: Ministry of Water Resources Source: The World Bank

G r o u n d w a t e r u s e

Av e r a g e a n n u a l p e r c a p i t a a v a i l a b i l i t y o f w a t e r

5,200 m3

in 1951

1,816 m3

in 2001

1,545 m3

in 2011

A decline of

70% since 1951

1,401 m3

in 2025

Further predicted

to decrease to

Making India

'water stressed'

Source: Down to earth (July 2017)

• Decreasing flows in rivers

• Lakes, tanks and ponds –

encroachment, disruption of

drainage/catchments

• Disappearing Springs

D y i n g w a t e r b o d i e s

• At least 67% of the

wastewater generated from

Class I cities and more than

90% of wastewater generated

from Class II cities in India is

not treated and is a major

cause of environmental

pollution

• Between 2009 and 2015,

out of the 445 rivers

monitored, the number of

polluted rivers increased from

121 to 279

P o l l u t e d W a t e r B o d i e s

Source: Central Pollution Control Board

W a t e r Q u a l i t y - R u r a l

Fluoride Arsenic Iron Salinity Nitrate Heavy Metal

No

. o

f a

ffe

cte

d h

ab

ita

tio

ns

6 9 , 2 5 8

1 1 , 1 6 0

1 6 , 6 0 9

2 3 , 3 9 8

1 3 , 9 6 4

1 , 7 4 9 2 , 3 7 8

17,26,155

Total Habitations

Source: Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation (May 2018)

Total

number of

affected

habitations

53% 36%

28% 17%

10% 4%

Delhi Bangalore

London Shanghai

New York Singapore

N o n - r e v e n u e w a t e r r a t e s i n u r b a n n e t w o r k s

Source: Smart Water Networks Forum, 2011

• Paucity of timely and

‘quality’ data for

appropriate decision making

• Multiple institutions

responsible for different

functions with often weak or

blurred accountability

C h a l l e n g e s

• Poor service quality and a

trust deficit in ability of

government to provide safe

water:

° India’s bottled water sector

outpaced growth of any

other major global markets

between 2016 and 2017,

recording impressive 19%

growth

° The market for water

purifiers is growing at about

15 per cent year-on-year

C h a l l e n g e s

Source: Media reports

W A Y F O R W A R D

• Reimagine our cities as

‘sponge cities’

• Rainwater Harvesting –

storage and recharge

• Revival of wells

• Rejuvenate surface water

bodies (Lakes/ Ponds/

Tanks), protect catchments,

ensure water recharge

• Treat waste water – recycle

and reuse

• Decentralised Solutions for

conservation and

management of water

W A Y F O R W A R D

• Comprehensive water pricing

that reflects ‘true’ cost of water

and incentivises prudent use

• Water metering for monitoring

service standards

• An entrepreneurial revolution in

water quality testing

• Incentives for industries using

recycled waste water for non-

critical services

• Time-lag between emergence of

new technologies and adoption

on scale – Innovations for

purification, treatment, testing,

monitoring

W A Y F O R W A R D

WaterAid India has been working for three decades and

focused on clean water, decent toilets and good hygiene

(WASH) – the three essentials that unlock progress for

people, communities and economies.

Know more about our work at

w w w. w a t e r a i d i n d i a . i n

Photo Credits:

Slide 10 - WaterAid/Poulomi Basu

Slide 16 – WaterAid/ VK Madhavan

All other - WaterAid/Prashanth Vishwanathan

Of the total water supply schemes

W a t e r s o u r c e s - R u r a l W a t e r s o u r c e s - U r b a n

Source: National Rural Drinking Water Programme (May 2018) Source: Down to Earth (2012)

97%

Based on

ground

water

Based on

surface

water

2%

Based on other

sources like

rainwater

<1%

City Source

Bangalore River Cauvery

Chennai Lakes and groundwater

Delhi River Yamuna and groundwater

Indore River Narmada

Jodhpur Indira Gandhi canal

Hyderabad River Krishna

India

R u r a l & U r b a n H o u s e h o l d s w i t h a c c e s s t o P i p e d W a t e r S u p p l y

Uttar Pradesh

Bihar Jharkhand Odisha Chhattisgarh Madhya Pradesh

Source: Census 2011

Rural Coverage with Tap Water (%)

Urban Coverage with Tap Water (%)

30.8

70.6

20.2

51.5

2.6

20

3.7

41.6

7.5

48

8.8

62.5

50.2

89.1